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Luo M, Ji Y, Luo Y, Li R, Fay WP, Wu J. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 regulates the vascular expression of vitronectin. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:2451-2460. [PMID: 29028290 PMCID: PMC5716874 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Vitronectin (VN) is produced by smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and promotes neointima formation. We studied the regulation of vascular VN expression by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). PAI-1 stimulates VN gene expression in SMCs by binding LDL receptor-related protein 1. Stimulation of VN gene expression may be a mechanism by which PAI-1 controls vascular remodeling. SUMMARY Background Increased expression of vitronectin (VN) by smooth muscle cells (SMCs) promotes neointima formation after vascular injury, and may contribute to chronic vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. However, the molecular regulation of vascular VN expression is poorly defined. Given the overlapping expression profiles and functions of VN and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, we hypothesized that PAI-1 regulates vascular VN expression. Objectives To determine whether PAI-1 regulates VN expression in SMCs and in vivo. Methods The effects of genetic alterations in PAI-1 expression, pharmacologic PAI-1 inhibition and recombinant PAI-1 on SMC VN expression were studied, and vascular VN expression in wild-type (WT) and PAI-1-deficient mice was assessed. Results VN expression was significantly lower in PAI-1-deficient SMCs and significantly increased in PAI-1-overexpressing SMCs. PAI-1 small interfering RNA and pharmacologic PAI-1 inhibition significantly decreased SMC VN expression. Recombinant PAI-1 stimulated VN expression by binding LDL receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1), but another LRP1 ligand, α2 -macroglobulin, did not. As compared with WT controls, carotid artery VN expression was significantly lower in PAI-1-deficient mice and significantly higher in PAI-1-transgenic mice. In a vein graft (VG) model of intimal hyperplasia, VN expression was significantly attenuated in PAI-1-deficient VGs as compared with WT controls. The plasma VN concentration was significantly decreased in PAI-1-deficient mice versus WT controls at 4 weeks, but not at 5 days or 8 weeks, after surgery. Conclusions PAI-1 stimulates SMC VN expression by binding LRP1, and controls vascular VN expression in vivo. Autocrine regulation of vascular VN expression by PAI-1 may play important roles in vascular homeostasis and pathologic vascular remodeling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Neointima/etiology
- Neointima/genetics
- Neointima/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Serpin E2/deficiency
- Serpin E2/genetics
- Serpin E2/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling
- Vitronectin/deficiency
- Vitronectin/genetics
- Vitronectin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luo
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Ji
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Y Luo
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - R Li
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - W P Fay
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - J Wu
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Wu J, Strawn TL, Luo M, Wang L, Li R, Ren M, Xia J, Zhang Z, Ma W, Luo T, Lawrence DA, Fay WP. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 inhibits angiogenic signaling by uncoupling vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2-αVβ3 integrin cross talk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:111-20. [PMID: 25378411 PMCID: PMC4270947 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) regulates angiogenesis via effects on extracellular matrix proteolysis and cell adhesion. However, no previous study has implicated PAI-1 in controlling vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. We tested the hypothesis that PAI-1 downregulates VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) activation by inhibiting a vitronectin-dependent cooperative binding interaction between VEGFR-2 and αVβ3. APPROACH AND RESULTS We studied effects of PAI-1 on VEGF signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PAI-1 inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells grown on vitronectin, but not on fibronectin or collagen. PAI-1 inhibited the binding of VEGFR-2 to β3 integrin, VEGFR-2 endocytosis, and intracellular signaling pathways downstream of VEGFR-2. The anti-VEGF effect of PAI-1 was mediated by 2 distinct pathways, one requiring binding to vitronectin and another requiring binding to very low-density lipoprotein receptor. PAI-1 inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 promoted collateral arteriole development and recovery of hindlimb perfusion after femoral artery interruption. CONCLUSIONS PAI-1 inhibits activation of VEGFR-2 by VEGF by disrupting a vitronectin-dependent proangiogenic binding interaction involving αVβ3 and VEGFR-2. These results broaden our understanding of the roles of PAI-1, vitronectin, and endocytic receptors in regulating VEGFR-2 activation and suggest novel therapeutic strategies for regulating VEGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Wu
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.).
| | - Tammy L Strawn
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Mao Luo
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Liqun Wang
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Rong Li
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Meiping Ren
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Jiyi Xia
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Weizhong Ma
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Tingting Luo
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - Daniel A Lawrence
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
| | - William P Fay
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (J.W., T.L.S., M.L., W.P.F.), the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (W.P.F.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; the Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (J.W., M.L., L.W., R.L., M.R., J.X., Z.Z., W.M., T.L.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (D.A.L.)
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