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Tian Y, Yao D, Jin A, Wang M, Pan Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. Thyroid Function in Causal Relation to MRI Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2290-2298. [PMID: 36881925 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Observational studies have provided insufficient information on the association between thyroid function and the risk of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD); moreover, the causality of this link is still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate whether genetically predicted variation within thyroid function is causally associated with the risk of CSVD using 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS In this 2-sample MR study with genome-wide association variants, we estimated the causal effects of genetically predicted thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH; n = 54 288), free thyroxine (FT4; n = 49 269), hypothyroidism (n = 51 823), and hyperthyroidism (n = 51 823) on 3 neuroimaging markers of CSVD, including white matter hyperintensity (WMH; n = 42 310), mean diffusivity (MD; n = 17 467), and fractional anisotropy (FA, n = 17 663). The primary analysis was conducted by the inverse variance-weighted MR method, followed by sensitivity analyses using MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode methods. RESULTS Genetically increased TSH was associated with increased MD (β = .311, 95% CI 0.0763, 0.548, P = .01). Genetically increased FT4 was associated with increased FA (β = .540, 95% CI 0.222, 0.858, P < .001). Sensitivity analyses using different MR methods showed similar directions but lower precision. No significant associations of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism with WMH, MD, or FA were found (all P > .05). CONCLUSION This study indicated that genetically predicted increased TSH was associated with increased MD, as well as increased FT4 with increased FA, implying the causal effect of thyroid dysfunction on white matter microstructural injury. There were no significant causal relationships of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism with CSVD. Further investigations should verify these findings and clarify the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- National Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100072, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxiao Yao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- National Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100072, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Aoming Jin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- National Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100072, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- National Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100072, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- National Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100072, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- National Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100072, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- National Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100072, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Herting M, Cotter D, Ahmadi H, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Bottenhorn K, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Berhane K, Schwartz J, Hackman D, Chen JC. Sex-specific effects in how childhood exposures to multiple ambient air pollutants affect white matter microstructure development across early adolescence. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3213618. [PMID: 37645919 PMCID: PMC10462194 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3213618/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is ubiquitous, yet questions remain as to how it might impact the developing brain. Large changes occur in the brain's white matter (WM) microstructure across adolescence, with noticeable differences in WM integrity in male and female youth. Here we report sex-stratified effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) on longitudinal patterns of WM microstructure from 9-13 years-old in 8,182 (49% female) participants using restriction spectrum imaging. After adjusting for key sociodemographic factors, multi-pollutant, sex-stratified models showed that one-year annual exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 was associated with higher, while O3 was associated with lower, intracellular diffusion at age 9. All three pollutants also affected trajectories of WM maturation from 9-13 years-old, with some sex-specific differences in the number and anatomical locations of tracts showing altered trajectories of intracellular diffusion. Concentrations were well-below current U.S. standards, suggesting exposure to these criteria pollutants during adolescence may have long-term consequences on brain development.
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Robinson EA, Gleeson J, Arun AH, Clemente A, Gaillard A, Rossetti MG, Brambilla P, Bellani M, Crisanti C, Curran HV, Lorenzetti V. Measuring white matter microstructure in 1,457 cannabis users and 1,441 controls: A systematic review of diffusion-weighted MRI studies. Front Neuroimaging 2023; 2:1129587. [PMID: 37554654 PMCID: PMC10406316 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2023.1129587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabis is the most widely used regulated substance by youth and adults. Cannabis use has been associated with psychosocial problems, which have been partly ascribed to neurobiological changes. Emerging evidence to date from diffusion-MRI studies shows that cannabis users compared to controls show poorer integrity of white matter fibre tracts, which structurally connect distinct brain regions to facilitate neural communication. However, the most recent evidence from diffusion-MRI studies thus far has yet to be integrated. Therefore, it is unclear if white matter differences in cannabis users are evident consistently in selected locations, in specific diffusion-MRI metrics, and whether these differences in metrics are associated with cannabis exposure levels. METHODS We systematically reviewed the results from diffusion-MRI imaging studies that compared white matter differences between cannabis users and controls. We also examined the associations between cannabis exposure and other behavioral variables due to changes in white matter. Our review was pre-registered in PROSPERO (ID: 258250; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/). RESULTS We identified 30 diffusion-MRI studies including 1,457 cannabis users and 1,441 controls aged 16-to-45 years. All but 6 studies reported group differences in white matter integrity. The most consistent differences between cannabis users and controls were lower fractional anisotropy within the arcuate/superior longitudinal fasciculus (7 studies), and lower fractional anisotropy of the corpus callosum (6 studies) as well as higher mean diffusivity and trace (4 studies). Differences in fractional anisotropy were associated with cannabis use onset (4 studies), especially in the corpus callosum (3 studies). DISCUSSION The mechanisms underscoring white matter differences are unclear, and they may include effects of cannabis use onset during youth, neurotoxic effects or neuro adaptations from regular exposure to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which exerts its effects by binding to brain receptors, or a neurobiological vulnerability predating the onset of cannabis use. Future multimodal neuroimaging studies, including recently developed advanced diffusion-MRI metrics, can be used to track cannabis users over time and to define with precision when and which region of the brain the white matter changes commence in youth cannabis users, and whether cessation of use recovers white matter differences. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: 258250.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Anne Robinson
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Gleeson
- Digital Innovation in Mental Health and Well-Being Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arush Honnedevasthana Arun
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam Clemente
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra Gaillard
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Gloria Rossetti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Crisanti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - H. Valerie Curran
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Brecke V, Thorsen AL, Ousdal OT, Vriend C, Alnæs D, Hagen K, Hansen B, Kvale G, van den Heuvel OA. Diffusion Tensor Imaging Before and 3 Months After Concentrated Exposure Response Prevention in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:674020. [PMID: 34122191 PMCID: PMC8187597 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.674020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Subtle differences in white matter microstructure have been found in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared to controls using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), but it is unclear if and how this change after treatment. The primary aim of this pre-registered study was to investigate white matter integrity between OCD patients and controls and changes after concentrated exposure and response prevention (ERP). Methods: Fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity (AD) and mean diffusivity (MD) were estimated using FMRIB Software Library (FSL). The images were registered to a study-specific template using a longitudinal pipeline based on full tensor information in DTI-TK. Voxel-based analysis was performed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Using SPSS, we compared the integrity in three bilateral regions of interest (ROI), the sagittal stratum, posterior thalamic radiation and cingulum, in 32 OCD patients and 30 matched healthy controls at baseline. Patients received a four-day concentrated ERP format. We investigated longitudinal changes in 26 OCD patients and 22 healthy controls at 3months follow-up using repeated-measures ANOVA. Exploratory t-tests were conducted for AD and MD. Secondary hypothesis used linear regression to investigate if baseline FA predict treatment outcome 3 months later, and if patients with illness onset before 18 years of age would show lower FA in sagittal stratum. Finally, we performed sensitivity analysis on medication and comorbidity influences on FA. Results: Three months after treatment, 77% of the patients were in remission. Contrary to our hypotheses, we did not find any significant differences in FA, RD, AD or MD between the groups before treatment, nor significant group by time effects in any of the ROI. None of the baseline FA measures significantly predicted treatment outcome. Illness onset before 18 years of age did not significantly predict FA in the sagittal stratum. Adjusting for medication or comorbid anxiety or mood disorder did not influence the results. Conclusions: Although concentrated ERP in OCD lead to high remission, we did not find significant long-term changes by DTI. Future studies will benefit from using larger sample sizes and multi-shell diffusion-weighted imaging when investigating white matter microstructure in OCD and underlying neurobiological mechanisms of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilde Brecke
- Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Lillevik Thorsen
- Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olga Therese Ousdal
- Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Chris Vriend
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristen Hagen
- Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Psychiatric Department, Hospital of Molde, Molde, Norway
| | - Bjarne Hansen
- Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gerd Kvale
- Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Cotter DL, Walters SM, Fonseca C, Wolf A, Cobigo Y, Fox EC, You MY, Altendahl M, Djukic N, Staffaroni AM, Elahi FM, Kramer JH, Casaletto KB. Aging and Positive Mood: Longitudinal Neurobiological and Cognitive Correlates. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28:946-956. [PMID: 32527600 PMCID: PMC7484115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the losses commonly associated with aging, older adults seem to possess particularly preserved emotional regulation. To further understand this phenomenon, the authors examined longitudinal trajectories between age, depressive symptoms, brain structure, and cognition. METHODS Seven hundred and sixteen functionally intact older adults (age M = 67.9, 56.8% female), followed longitudinally (visit range: 1-13, M = 2.5), completed cognitive testing and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). A subset (N = 327) underwent 3T brain MRI. Mixed-effects linear regression models were conducted controlling for sex, education, and total intracranial volume. RESULTS There was a significant interaction between age and time on GDS, such that GDS improved with increasing age over time, but attenuated around age 71 (age*time b = 0.10, p <0.001). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity interacted with age to predict longitudinal changes in GDS (FA: b = -0.02, p = 0.01; MD: b = 0.03, p = 0.007), such that age-related benefits on GDS were attenuated in those with declining FA. Executive function (EF) and processing speed also interacted with age to predict longitudinal changes in GDS (EF: b = -0.04, p = 0.03; speed: b = 0.04, p = 0.04). Again, the positive effect of age on GDS attenuated in those with worsening EF and speed. There were no associations with memory, semantic fluency, or gray matter (p values >0.05). CONCLUSION EF, processing speed, and white matter integrity moderated the longitudinal relationship between age and mood. Previous studies demonstrate the link between positivity and better cognitive control, leading to improved mood in older adults. Our results are not only consistent, but establish a potential neurobiological correlate. Future research further exploring biological mechanisms driving psychological processes may have important therapeutic implications.
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Balachandar R, John JP, Saini J, Kumar KJ, Joshi H, Sadanand S, Aiyappan S, Sivakumar PT, Loganathan S, Varghese M, Bharath S. A study of structural and functional connectivity in early Alzheimer's disease using rest fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 30:497-504. [PMID: 24990445 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition where in early diagnosis and interventions are key policy priorities in dementia services and research. We studied the functional and structural connectivity in mild AD to determine the nature of connectivity changes that coexist with neurocognitive deficits in the early stages of AD. METHODS Fifteen mild AD subjects and 15 cognitively healthy controls (CHc) matched for age and gender, underwent detailed neurocognitive assessment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Rest fMRI was analyzed using dual regression approach and DTI by voxel wise statistics. RESULTS Patients with mild AD had significantly lower functional connectivity (FC) within the default mode network and increased FC within the executive network. The mild AD group scored significantly lower in all domains of cognition compared with CHc. But fractional anisotropy did not significantly (p < 0.05) differ between the groups. CONCLUSION Resting state functional connectivity alterations are noted during initial stages of cognitive decline in AD, even when there are no significant white matter microstructural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Balachandar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India; Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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