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Fleck LM. Precision Medicine and Rough Justice: Wicked Problems. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2024; 33:1-4. [PMID: 37326243 DOI: 10.1017/s0963180123000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
What exactly is a "wicked problem"? It is a social or economic problem that is so complex and so interconnected with other issues that it is extraordinarily difficult or impossible to resolve. This is because all proposed resolutions generate equally complex, equally wicked problems. In this essay, I argue that precision medicine, especially in the context of the U.S. healthcare system, generates numerous wicked problems related to distributive justice. Further, I argue that there are no easy solutions to these wicked problems. The need for trade-offs is inescapable. Rough justice is the best outcome we can hope for, and that outcome requires a commitment to processes of public reason that are fair and inclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard M Fleck
- Center for Bioethics and Social Justice, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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2
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Sigahi TFAC, Sznelwar LI, Rampasso IS, Moraes GHSMD, Girotto Júnior G, Pinto Júnior A, Anholon R. Proposal of guidelines to assist managers to face pressing challenges confronting Latin American universities: a complexity theory perspective. Ergonomics 2023; 66:1203-1218. [PMID: 36121401 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2126895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic exacerbated pre-existing problems in Latin America and posed unprecedented challenges for Latin American universities (LAU). These challenges can be characterised as complex problems that cannot be understood through reductionist approaches. This paper aims (i) to provide a complex system perspective of the challenges confronting LAUs and (ii) to propose guidelines for managers of LAUs to address them in practice. A multidisciplinary group was formed and conducted an iterative process of research, brainstorming and debate of potential solutions to the following problems considered particularly important by their universities: mental health issues in the university environment, student learning gaps, brain drain, and anti-science movements. Complexity theory and E/HF concepts are integrated to demonstrate that understanding what LAUs are experiencing in a fragmented manner is impossible, and that the interactions between the challenges should be at the centre of the managers' actions plans. Practitioner summary: Managers of LAUs can benefit from the guidelines proposed to understand the pressing challenges confronting universities and develop systemic approaches to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F A C Sigahi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Laerte Idal Sznelwar
- Department of Production Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izabela Simon Rampasso
- Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Rosley Anholon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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3
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Franse RK, Sachisthal MSM, Raijmakers MEJ. Presenting wicked problems in a science museum: A methodology to study interest from a dynamic perspective. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1113019. [PMID: 36844312 PMCID: PMC9951591 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1113019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Science centers and science museums have an important social role in engaging people with science and technology relevant for complex societal problems-so called wicked problems. We used the case of personalized medicine to illustrate a methodology that can be used to inform the development of exhibitions on such wicked problems. The methodology that is presented is grounded in dynamic theories of interest development that define interest as a multidimensional construct involving knowledge, behavior (personal and general) value, self-efficacy, and emotion. The methodology uses a mixed method design that is able to (1) study the predictive effects of background variables on interest, (2) study the interest dimensions predicting individual interest, and (3) identify the most influential interest dimensions. We set up focus groups (N = 16, age = 20-74, low SES) to design a survey study (N = 341, age 19-89 years olds with a broad range of SES) about people's interest in personalized medicine. Results of a network analysis of the survey data show that despite the variety in emotions and knowledge about subtopics, these dimensions do not play a central role in the multidimensional interest construct. In contrast, general value and behavior (related to understanding scientific research) seem to be interesting candidates for eliciting situational interest that could have an effect on the more long term individual interest. These results are specific for the case of personalized medicine. We discuss ways in which results of studies with the presented methodology might be useful for exhibition development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rooske K. Franse
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands,NEMO Science Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Rooske K. Franse,
| | | | - Maartje E. J. Raijmakers
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands,NEMO Science Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Educational Studies and Learn, Free University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Nicolau B, Eslamiamirabadi N, Dudubo O, Hong QN, Bedos C, Macdonald ME. How to use mixed methods in oral health research. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:71-74. [PMID: 36749665 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Wicked problems exist in the realm of oral health research. Due to their inherent complexity, using qualitative or quantitative methods alone may not be adequate for resolving them. Mixed methods approaches combine qualitative and quantitative methods, and thus, can provide a powerful tool for understanding and solving complex problems in dental public health. However, using mixed methods does not come without its challenges. This commentary outlines four main tips for researchers to consider when applying mixed methods to their research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Nicolau
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Negin Eslamiamirabadi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Olawale Dudubo
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Quan Nha Hong
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christophe Bedos
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mary Ellen Macdonald
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Gjertsen H. A Theoretical Discussion of How Common Understanding and Reflection Upon Need for Resources Can Prevent Risks Underlying Social Innovations. Inquiry 2023; 60:469580231152078. [PMID: 36718520 PMCID: PMC9893342 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231152078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The welfare state is facing complex challenges. Social innovation is considered as the solution to social challenges and so-called wicked problems, problems in the welfare state that are important, but difficult to solve. This implies being willing to take the risk that is involved when being innovative. A discussion of how different kinds of social innovations carry various risks and how some of these can be prevented, is still limited. This article looks at experiences from previous social innovations and ask what we can learn from them. It elaborates on why social innovation is challenging and what we can do to reduce the risk of failure. The research question is: What risks are at stake in different social innovations, and how can these be prevented? The article highlights risks and issues associated with social or collaborative innovation related to welfare services. It is theoretical and based on innovation theory and previous research, with examples from Norwegian welfare services. The purpose is to explore challenges and risks involved in 4 stereotype versions of social innovation as a result of crossing 2 dimensions of social innovation described above: (a) the degree of novelty and (b) who has initiated the innovation. The article enlightens some aspects of the implementation phase that are important to be aware of if we want to minimize the risk of failure. This concerns the importance of creating a common understanding of the innovation and reflecting on the need for extra resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege Gjertsen
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway,
Harstad, Norway,Hege Gjertsen, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Department of Social Education, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Harstad
9400, Norway.
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Tatarinov K, Ambos TC, Tschang FT. Scaling digital solutions for wicked problems: Ecosystem versatility. J Int Bus Stud 2022; 54:631-656. [PMID: 35692257 PMCID: PMC9173661 DOI: 10.1057/s41267-022-00526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Digital solutions are increasingly used to address "wicked problems" that are locally embedded but require global approaches. Scaling these solutions internationally is imperative for their success, but to date we know little about this process. Using a qualitative case study methodology, our paper analyzes how four digital solutions driven by the United Nations are built and how they scale internationally. These solutions address wicked problems through artificial intelligence, blockchain, and geospatial mapping, and are embedded in networks of partners which evolve during scaling to create unique ecosystem roles and configurations. We identify different ecosystem roles and find that the specific properties of digital solutions - modularity, generativity and affordances - enable either adaptation or replication during scaling. Building on these insights, we derive a typology of four different types of international scaling, which vary in their ecosystem versatility (how the ecosystem changes across locations) and the local adaptation of the application (the problems the solution addresses). This study presents a new way to examine the replication and adaptation dilemma for ecosystems and extends internationalization theory to the digital world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Tatarinov
- Geneva School of Economics and Management (GSEM), University of Geneva, 40 Blvd. du Pont-d’Arve, CH-1211, 3233 Geneva Bureau, Switzerland
| | - Tina C. Ambos
- Geneva School of Economics and Management (GSEM), University of Geneva, 40 Blvd. du Pont-d’Arve, CH-1211, 3233 Geneva Bureau, Switzerland
| | - Feichin Ted Tschang
- Singapore Management University, 81 Victoria St, Singapore, 188065 Singapore
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Mennin S, Eoyang GH. Question storming: The power of Questions-A method to increase options for action in uncertainty. J Eval Clin Pract 2022; 29:650-656. [PMID: 35604003 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Question Storming offers a method that enables one to hold the condition of uncertainty in reflection without the need for resolution. Global interdependencies and unprecedented access to information, social media and multiple forms of communications challenge our ability to see, understand and influence change effectively and efficiently. The tension and need to cope effectively with massive uncertainties cannot be resolved with current methods leading to a necessity for people to seek new ways to transform their understanding and explore new options for action. Problem-solving and facilitation of the past are not flexible or rapid enough to meet the current demands of decision making and action taking in the face of massive uncertainties. As a result, people face 'wicked unsolvable' issues in their personal and professional lives. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES An international group of scholar-practitioners has adapted and tested an enquiry process. Question Storming-The Power of Questions is based on principles of complex adaptive systems, human systems dynamics, and self-organization. METHOD A three-step method of inquiry and reflection opens new possibilities. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Question Storming has helped people see their wicked issues from new perspectives, understand them in useful ways and generate new options for action. This paper introduces Question Storming-the Power of Questions as a practical method for group inquiry in the presence of individual and group uncertainties/wicked issues. The Container, Difference, Exchange (CDE) model and Pattern Logic are presented to explain the paradigm-shifting dynamics experienced by participants, both individuals and members of the group. It concludes with emerging questions for future consideration. Question Storming generates a divergent problem space that decreases constraint and increases degrees of freedom to allow practical exploration of new and often surprising options for action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Mennin
- Human Systems Dynamics Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Glenda H Eoyang
- Human Systems Dynamics Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Quinn K, Tomczak P, Buck G. "How you keep going": Voluntary sector practitioners' story-lines as emotion work. Br J Sociol 2022; 73:370-386. [PMID: 35034350 DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The voluntary sector acts as the last line of defense for some of the most marginalized people in societies around the world, yet its capacities are significantly reduced by chronic resource shortages and dynamic political obstacles. Existing research has scarcely examined what it is like for voluntary sector practitioners working amidst these conditions. In this paper, we explore how penal voluntary sector practitioners across England and Scotland marshaled their personal and professional resources to "keep going" amidst significant challenges. Our analysis combines symbolic interactionism with the concept of story-lines. We illuminate the narratives that practitioners mobilized to understand and motivate their efforts amidst the significant barriers, chronic limitations, and difficult emotions brought forth by their work. We position practitioners' story-lines as a form of emotion work that mitigated their experiences of anger, frustration, overwhelm, sadness, and disappointment, enabling them to move forward and continue to support criminalized individuals. Our analysis details three story-lines-resignation, strategy, and refuge-and examines their consequences for practitioners and their capacities to intervene in wicked social problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Quinn
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippa Tomczak
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gillian Buck
- Department of Social Work and Interprofessional Education, University of Chester, Chester, UK
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Haeffner M, Hames F, Barbour MM, Reeves JM, Platell G, Grover S. Expanding collaborative autoethnography into the world of natural science for transdisciplinary teams. One Earth 2022; 5:157-167. [PMID: 36569281 PMCID: PMC9767446 DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Wicked problems such as climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic require authentically transdisciplinary approaches to achieving effective collaboration. There exist several research approaches for identifying the components and interactions of complex problems; however, collaborative autoethnography provides an empirical way to collect and analyze self-reflection that leads to transformative change. Here, we present a case study of collaborative autoethnography, applied as a tool to transform research practice among a group of natural and social scientists, by constructively revealing and resolving deep, often unseen, disciplinary divides. We ask, "How can natural and social scientists genuinely accept, respect, and share one another's approaches to work on the wicked problems that need to be solved?" This study demonstrates how disciplinary divisions can be successfully bridged by open-minded and committed collaborators who are prepared to recognize the academic bias they bring to their research and use this as a platform of strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Haeffner
- Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10th Avenue, Portland, OR 97201-3203, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Fern Hames
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret M. Barbour
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Jessica M. Reeves
- Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University, Churchill, VIC, Australia
| | - Ghislaine Platell
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia and Energetics, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Samantha Grover
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Graudal L, Dawson IK, Hale I, Powell W, Hendre P, Jamnadass R. 'Systems approach' plant breeding illustrated by trees. Trends Plant Sci 2022; 27:158-165. [PMID: 34688564 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The linkage in new and creative ways of existing plant breeding methods responsive to different global trends and values provides a 'systems approach' to address a broad set of global production challenges more effectively. Here, we illustrate such an approach through its application to trees, chosen because of their extensive diversity in features, uses, users, production contexts, and domestication pathways. We coin the resulting strategy 'tree diversity breeding' and consider it with reference to trends and values related to participation, environment, biotechnology, and markets as examples. Features of the approach for trees are applicable to plant breeding more widely, as we seek to address complex problems through strategic biodiversity use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Graudal
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Ian K Dawson
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Iago Hale
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Wayne Powell
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Prasad Hendre
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ramni Jamnadass
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
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Abstract
Wicked problems are unstructured, cross-cutting, and relentless. While problem-solving is an expected outcome of pharmacy education programs, are we, as pharmacy educators, acknowledging the "wicked" problems we have in the Academy? This commentary provides examples of wicked problems in pharmacy practice and education and suggestions for engaging with wicked problems in an effort to solve them. Pharmacy educators must hold a summit on wicked problems in pharmacy education in order to address the complex problems we are currently facing in order to shape the profession for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Smith
- The University of Oklahoma, College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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12
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Dwyer G. Hiding in plain sight: Vulnerability, public administration, and the case of Covid‐19 hotel quarantine. Australian Journal of Public Administration 2021; 80:1002-1016. [PMCID: PMC8441692 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8500.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
I examine how failures surrounding a quarantine detention program for returned travellers from overseas brought a deadly second wave of the Covid‐19 virus into existence in Victoria, Australia. In addition to providing insights into the ways in which public administration organizations (PAO) can plan for and respond to wicked problems, I propose that they can learn to manage latent failures and equivocal circumstances before, during, and after such crisis events. This is important as locally and globally PAO face emergencies, crises, and disasters triggered by natural and non‐natural hazards which remind us that we need to find new ways of learning while living in challenging times. This article examines the ways that public administration can bring accidents into existence when seeking to address wicked problems such as managing the transmission of the Covid‐19 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Dwyer
- Centre for Social Impact, School of Business, Law and EntrepreneurshipSwinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVictoriaAustralia
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Lilleker DG, Stoeckle T. The challenges of providing certainty in the face of wicked problems: Analysing the UK government's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Public Aff 2021; 21:e2733. [PMID: 34512189 PMCID: PMC8420585 DOI: 10.1002/pa.2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Positioning Covid-19 as a wicked problem we analyse the extent that the UK government adhered to the guidelines for dealing with such problems and the extent to which the management of the pandemic exacerbated the crisis. We argue the management of the pandemic saw a continuance of political communication as usual, focusing on emphasising the optimistic rhetoric which underpinned the Brexit narrative and 2019 election campaign which delivered Boris Johnson a majority. The failure to break out of a narrow permanent campaigning mindset which saw the pandemic as a brief interlude during a period when the focus was on delivering Brexit led to public confusion as optimistic claims were proven to be inaccurate and promises unreachable. Johnson's government's attempts to offer certainty despite a situation characterised by volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity led to numerous U-turns that seriously damaged their credibility while the politicisation of the response led to poor decision making at key points. We therefore highlight the deficiencies of Johnson's strategy and highlight key lessons for communications professionals who navigate an increasingly volatile and uncertain world beset by wicked problems. In particularly we highlight the importance of depoliticising crises, seeking a diverse range of ideas and expertise, developing an empathic leadership style, starting a public conversation that recognises uncertainty and so develop a framework where wicked problems are a feature of public debate. We argue that failure in all of these areas contributed to the UK's poor comparative performance during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Stoeckle
- Department of Humanities and LawBournemouth UniversityPooleUK
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Armstrong N, Pratt-Boyden K. Silver linings: how mental health activists can help us navigate wicked problems. BJPsych Bull 2021; 45:227-230. [PMID: 34074353 PMCID: PMC8499633 DOI: 10.1192/bjb.2021.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores how 'wicked problems' such as climate change might force psychiatry to rethink some of its fundamental ideas and ways of working, including clinical boundaries, understandings of psychopathology and ways of organising. We use ethnographic evidence to explore how mental health service 'survivor' activists are already rethinking some of these issues by therapeutically orienting themselves towards social problems and collective understandings of well-being, rejecting 'treatment as usual' approaches to distress. In this way we provide an example of the potential of activists to help psychiatry negotiate the climate crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keira Pratt-Boyden
- School of Conservation and Anthropology, University of Kent, UK.,SOAS University of London, UK
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15
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Lempert RJ, Turner S. Engaging Multiple Worldviews With Quantitative Decision Support: A Robust Decision-Making Demonstration Using the Lake Model. Risk Anal 2021; 41:845-865. [PMID: 32827199 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many of today's most pressing policy challenges are usefully characterized as wicked problems. With contested framings parties to a decision disagree not only on potential solutions, but on the nature of the problem they are trying to solve. The quantitative tools of risk and policy analysis, commonly designed to develop and compare choices within a single decision framing, are poorly designed to bring quantitative information into debates with contested framings. This study aims to build on recent advances in decision making under deep uncertainty (DMDU) to demonstrate methods and tools that may help resolve the tension between quantitative decision support and multiworldview approaches for addressing wicked problems. The study employs robust decision making (RDM), one common DMDU method, and a new version of the lake model, a simple and widely used model of a coupled human and natural system, to conduct a stylized analysis that reflects three different worldviews. The RDM analysis solves the decision challenge independently for each worldview and then compares each set of solutions from the vantage of the other worldviews. The resulting utopia-dystopia matrix informs problem reframing that seeks robust, adaptive strategies independently consistent with each worldview and thus provides a locus for agreement. The study describes how stakeholder engagements might use such analytic tools and their information products to provide overlapping but alternative entry points for groups with fundamentally different worldviews to engage with each other in deliberative processes appropriate for wicked problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Turner
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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Abstract
How does AI need to evolve in order to better support more effective decision-making in managing the many complex problems we face at every scale, from global climate change, collapsing ecosystems, international conflicts and extremism, through to all the dimensions of public policy, economics, and governance that affect human well-being? Research in complex decision-making at an individual human level (understanding of what constitutes more, and less, effective decision-making behaviors, and in particular the many pathways to failures in dealing with complex problems), informs a discussion about the potential for AI to aid in mitigating those failures and enabling a more robust and adaptive (and therefore more effective) decision-making framework, calling for AI to move well-beyond the current envelope of competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Grisogono
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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17
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Abstract
Evidence-based policymaking (EBP) contends that policy decisions are successful when informed by evidence. However, where policy problems are “wicked” (systemic, ambiguous, complex, and conflictual), politics trumps evidence and solutions are never first best or permanent. Applying an EBP approach to solving wicked problems (WPs) therefore appears to be a daunting, impossible task. Despite the difficulties, we contend that blending insights from the EBP and WP literatures can provide actionable and practical policy advice to governments and MNEs for dealing with the WPs of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We support our thesis with a case study applying EBP to the WP of SDG 5 Gender Equality. We compare the statistical evidence from gender inequality indexes to SDG 5’s targets and indicators. We provide five insights from the EBP and WP literatures into why and how good evidence is necessary but not sufficient for progress on SDG 5. Building on these insights, we recommend that governments adopt an EBP approach employing public–private partnerships to address SDG 5. We also recommend that MNE executives use our new SDG Materiality Matrix, designed on EBP principles, to build SDG 5 into their global corporate social responsibility strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Eden
- Department of Management, TAMU 4221, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4221 USA
| | - M. Fernanda Wagstaff
- Department of Marketing and Management, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA
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18
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Abstract
We examine the value of design thinking in times of crisis. Drawing on examples of firm innovations during the 2020 Covid-19 lockdown, we propose that disruptive events represent wicked problems that require managers to break out of established patterns of thinking. Design thinking, or the problem solving approaches and tools of designers, represents one such approach. Drawing on extant research, we identify a three-stage process of design thinking: disrupt, develop and deliver, and transform. We examine each stage, identifying how careful disruptive thinking with a focus on understanding problems within their context can give rise to innovative solutions, resulting in a more resilient organisation. Identifies methods and practices for managing wicked problems in times of crisis. Identifies how to implement design thinking across three-stages to quickly pivot during crisis events Identifies how B2B marketers can build greater brand resilience to deal with future crises
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Cankurtaran
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Landbergstraat 15, Delft 2628CE, the Netherlands
| | - Michael B. Beverland
- Strategy & Marketing, University of Sussex Business School, Jubilee Building, Falmer BN1 9SL, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author.
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19
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Vaughan J, Mallett CJ, Davids K, Potrac P, López-Felip MA. Developing Creativity to Enhance Human Potential in Sport: A Wicked Transdisciplinary Challenge. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2090. [PMID: 31572271 PMCID: PMC6753247 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of developing creativity to enhance human potential is conceptualized as a multifaceted wicked problem due to the countless interactions between people and environments that constitute human development, athletic skill, and creative moments. To better comprehend the inter-relatedness of ecologies and human behaviors, there have been increasing calls for transdisciplinary approaches and holistic ecological models. In this paper we explore an ecological dynamics rationale for creativity, highlighting the conceptual adjacency of key concepts from transdisciplinarity, dynamic systems theory, ecological psychology and social-cognitive psychology. Our aim is to extend the scope of ecological dynamics and contextualize the application of non-linear pedagogy in sport. Foregrounding the role of sociocultural constraints on creative behaviors, we characterize the athlete-environment system as an ecological niche that arises from, and simultaneously co-creates, a form of life. We elaborate the notion that creative moments, skill and more generally talent in sport, are not traits possessed by individuals alone, but rather can be conceived as properties of the athlete-environment system shaped by changing constraints. This re-conceptualization supports a pedagogical approach predicated on notions of athletes and sports teams as complex adaptive systems. In such systems, continuous non-linear interactions between system components support the exploration of fluent and flexibly creative performance solutions by athletes and sports teams. The implications for practice suggest that cultivating a constellation of constraints can facilitate adaptive exploration of novel affordances (opportunities/invitation for action), fostering creative moments and supporting creative development in athletes. Future models or frameworks for practice contend that pedagogies should emerge from, and evolve in, interaction with the sociocultural context in which practitioners and athletes are embedded.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Vaughan
- School of Human Movement and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Research and Development Department, AIK Fotboll, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clifford J Mallett
- School of Human Movement and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Keith Davids
- Skill Acquisition Research Theme, Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Potrac
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maurici A López-Felip
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.,Team Sports Department, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barça Innovation Hub, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Hamshire C, Jack K, Forsyth R, Langan AM, Harris WE. The wicked problem of healthcare student attrition. Nurs Inq 2019; 26:e12294. [PMID: 31056831 PMCID: PMC9286456 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The early withdrawal of students from healthcare education programmes, particularly nursing, is an international concern and, despite considerable investment, retention rates have remained stagnant. Here, a regional study of healthcare student retention is used as an example to frame the challenge of student attrition using a concept from policy development, wicked problem theory. This approach allows the consideration of student attrition as a complex problem derived from the interactions of many interrelated factors, avoiding the pitfalls of small‐scale interventions and over‐simplistic assumptions of cause and effect. A conceptual framework is proposed to provide an approach to developing actions to reduce recurrent investment in interventions that have previously proved ineffective at large scale. We discuss how improvements could be achieved through integrated stakeholder involvement and acceptance of the wicked nature of attrition as a complex and ongoing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hamshire
- Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Kirsten Jack
- Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Forsyth
- Centre for Excellence in Learning and Teaching, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - A Mark Langan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - W Edwin Harris
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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21
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Plamondon KM, Pemberton J. Blending integrated knowledge translation with global health governance: an approach for advancing action on a wicked problem. Health Res Policy Syst 2019; 17:24. [PMID: 30832660 PMCID: PMC6399857 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-019-0424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The persistence of health inequities is a wicked problem for which there is strong evidence of causal roots in the maldistribution of power, resources and money within and between countries. Though the evidence is clear, the solutions are far from straightforward. Integrated knowledge translation (IKT) ought to be well suited for designing evidence-informed solutions, yet current frameworks are limited in their capacity to navigate complexity. Global health governance (GHG) also ought to be well suited to advance action, but a lack of accountability, inclusion and integration of evidence gives rise to politically driven action. Recognising a persistent struggle for meaningful action, we invite contemplation about how blending IKT with GHG could leverage the strengths of both processes to advance health equity. DISCUSSION Action on root causes of health inequities implicates disruption of structures and systems that shape how society is organised. This infinitely complex work demands sophisticated examination of drivers and disrupters of inequities and a vast imagination for who (and what) should be engaged. Yet, underlying tendencies toward reductionism seem to drive superficial responses. Where IKT models lack consideration of issues of power and provide little direction for how to support cohesive efforts toward a common goal, recent calls from the field of GHG may provide insight into these issues. Additionally, though GHG is criticised for its lack of attention to using evidence, IKT offers approaches and strategies for collaborative processes of generating and refining knowledge. Contemplating the inclusion of governance in IKT requires re-examining roles, responsibilities, power and voice in processes of connecting knowledge with action. We argue for expanding IKT models to include GHG as a means of considering the complexity of issues and opening new possibilities for evidence-informed action on wicked problems. CONCLUSION Integrated learning between these two fields, adopting principles of GHG alongside the strategies of IKT, is a promising opportunity to strengthen leadership for health equity action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Marie Plamondon
- University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC Canada
- Interior Health, 505 Doyle Avenue, Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - Julia Pemberton
- McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON Canada
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22
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Mason TH, Pollard CR, Chimalakonda D, Guerrero AM, Kerr‐Smith C, Milheiras SA, Roberts M, R. Ngafack P, Bunnefeld N. Wicked conflict: Using wicked problem thinking for holistic management of conservation conflict. Conserv Lett 2018; 11:e12460. [PMID: 30774714 PMCID: PMC6360488 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation conflict is widespread, damaging, and has proved difficult to manage using conventional conservation approaches. Conflicts are often "wicked problems," lacking clear solutions due to divergent values of stakeholders, and being embedded within wickedly complex environments. Drawing on the concept of wicked environmental problems could lead to management strategies better suited to tackling conflict. However, it is unclear whether managers are embracing ideas from the wicked problems concept. There is currently a lack of guidance for applying strategies to tackle particular wicked problems, such as conservation conflict. We explored the suitability of wicked problems-inspired management, using eight contemporary conflict case studies. Conservation conflict was managed predominantly using conventional approaches suited to tackling single objectives in simple environments, rather than balancing competing objectives in complex environments. To deal with different characteristics of wickedness, we recommend that managers develop strategies combining distributed decision-making, diverse opinions, pattern-based predictions, trade-off-based objectives, and reporting of failures. Recent advances in conservation conflict research have focused on improving interactions among stakeholders. We believe that such stakeholder-focused approaches would dovetail with the whole-system focus of a wicked problems framework, allowing conservationists to move toward a holistic strategy for managing conservation conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom H.E. Mason
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirling FK9 4LAUnited Kingdom
- Conservation Ecology Group, Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurham DH1 3LEUnited Kingdom
| | - Chris R.J. Pollard
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirling FK9 4LAUnited Kingdom
| | - Deepthi Chimalakonda
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore117543
| | - Angela M. Guerrero
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia
| | - Catherine Kerr‐Smith
- Department of Security and Crime ScienceUniversity College London35 Tavistock SquareLondon WC1H 9EZUnited Kingdom
| | - Sergio A.G. Milheiras
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research (CBER), Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom
| | - Michaela Roberts
- School of Geography & Sustainable Development, Irvine BuildingUniversity of St AndrewsNorth StreetSt Andrews KY16 9ALUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Ngafack
- African Marine Mammal Conservation OrganizationPO Box 908EdeaCameroon
| | - Nils Bunnefeld
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirling FK9 4LAUnited Kingdom
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23
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Henderson C, Gronholm PC. Mental Health Related Stigma as a 'Wicked Problem': The Need to Address Stigma and Consider the Consequences. IJERPH 2018; 15:E1158. [PMID: 29865225 PMCID: PMC6024896 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent reviews on the evidence base for mental health related stigma reduction show that under certain conditions interpersonal contact is effective in promoting more positive attitudes, reduced desire for social distance, and increased stigma related knowledge (knowledge which disconfirms beliefs based on stereotypes). Short-term interventions may have effects that are attenuated over time; longer term programmes may support sustained improvements, but research following up long-term interventions is scarce. However, the effectiveness of these interventions should not obscure the nature of stigma as a social problem. In this article we describe stigma as a 'wicked problem' to highlight some implications for intervening against stigma and evaluating these efforts. These include the risks of unintended consequences and the need to continually reformulate the concept of stigma, to ensure that tackling stigma at the structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal levels become part of the core business of stakeholder organisations. We compare the main targets of anti-stigma programmes with what is known about the sources of stigma and discrimination and their impacts to identify targets for future intervention. In some cases, interventions have been directed at the interpersonal level when structural level intervention is also needed; in others, systematic reviews have not so far identified any interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Henderson
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Petra C Gronholm
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK.
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Reynolds M, Sarriot E, Swanson RC, Rusoja E. Navigating systems ideas for health practice: Towards a common learning device. J Eval Clin Pract 2018; 24:619-628. [PMID: 29314478 DOI: 10.1111/jep.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Systems thinking and reference to complexity science have gained currency in health sector practice and research. The extent to which such ideas might represent a mere passing fad or might more usefully be mobilized to tackle wicked problems in health systems is a concern underpinning this paper. Developing the usefulness of the systems idea requires appreciating how systems ideas are used essentially as constructs conceptually bounded by practitioners. Systems are used for purposes of understanding and engaging the reality of health issues, with the intent of transforming the reality into one that is more manageable, equitable, and sustainable. We examine some manifestations of the systems idea in health practice and the traditions of systems practice that variously make use of them. This provides a platform for proposing a systems thinking in (health) practice heuristic: a learning device supporting how different tools and methods can address "wicked problems" in health praxis. The device is built on the use of "conversation" as a metaphor to help practitioners use systems ideas in tandem with existing disciplinary and professional skills and methods. We consider how the application of the heuristic requires, and helps to develop, human characteristics of humility, empathy, and recognition of fallibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reynolds
- Applied Systems Thinking in Practice Group, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | | | - Evan Rusoja
- Emergency Medicine, Highland Hospital, Oakland, CA, USA
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26
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Sanfey J. The use of case studies to drive bottom-up leadership in community-oriented integrated care and health promotion (COIC). London J Prim Care (Abingdon) 2017; 9:7-9. [PMID: 28356919 PMCID: PMC5361749 DOI: 10.1080/17571472.2016.1271497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
London Journal of Primary Care is supporting a collaborative network of multidisciplinary colleagues with an interest in community-oriented health care and health promotion (COIC). Case study methodology is well suited to generating knowledge from the frontline of health and social care service delivery and is a much under-developed resource. It is most effective when dealing with wicked problems, namely, the sort of complex, entangled and multi-faceted problems that successful COIC programmes must overcome. Used collaboratively, it supports effective networking across professional and community boundaries.
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27
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Stanley F, Farrant B. Climate Change and Children's Health: A Commentary. Children (Basel) 2015; 2:412-23. [PMID: 27417373 DOI: 10.3390/children2040412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This commentary describes the likely impacts on children's health and wellbeing from climate change, based on the solid science of environmental child health. It describes likely climate change scenarios, why children are more vulnerable than older people to these changes, and what to expect in terms of diseases (e.g., infections, asthma) and problems (e.g., malnutrition, mental illness). The common antecedents of climate change and other detrimental changes to our society mean that in combatting them (such as excessive consumption and greed), we may not only reduce the harmful effects of climate change but also work towards a better society overall—one that values its children and their futures.
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28
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Khan A, Chuenpagdee R. An interactive governance and fish chain approach to fisheries rebuilding: a case study of the Northern Gulf cod in eastern Canada. Ambio 2014; 43:600-613. [PMID: 24114071 PMCID: PMC4132461 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-013-0446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rebuilding collapsed fisheries is a multifaceted problem, requiring a holistic governance approach rather than technical management fixes. Using the Northern Gulf cod case study in eastern Canada, we illustrate how a "fish chain" framework, drawn from the interactive governance perspective, is particularly helpful in analyzing rebuilding challenges. The analysis demonstrates that factors limiting rebuilding exist along the entire fish chain, i.e., the pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest stages. These challenges are embedded in both the ecological and social systems associated with the Northern Gulf cod fisheries, as well as in the governing systems. A comparative analysis of the pre- and post-collapse of the cod fisheries also reveals governance opportunities in rebuilding, which lie in policy interventions such as integrated and ecosystem-based management, livelihood transitional programs, and cross-scale institutional arrangements. Lessons from the Northern Gulf cod case study, especially the missed opportunities to explore alternative governing options during the transition, are valuable for rebuilding other collapsed fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Khan
- />International Coastal Network, Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Science Building, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9 Canada
- />United Nations Environment Program – International Ecosystem Management Partnership, c/o Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Ratana Chuenpagdee
- />International Coastal Network, Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Science Building, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9 Canada
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Koblentz
- School of Policy, Government, and International Affairs, George Mason University , Fairfax, VA , USA
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30
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Abstract
AIM The aim of this review is to synthesize the current body of knowledge concerning transitional care for patients 65 years of age and older moving from the acute care setting to home. BACKGROUND Transitional care is a timely topic as hospital days of care decrease whereas patient needs grow more complex as a result of aging populations. EVALUATION This review considers evidence-based research as well as reports, case studies and literature reviews related to transitional care. International articles are included. KEY ISSUES The authors explore transitional care through the lens of wicked problems; problems that appear seemingly intractable and are characterized by inter-related dilemmas, contradictory agendas, and multi-layered societal, economic and political influences. Outcome measures of success, barriers to achieving successful transitional care and effectiveness of interventions are investigated. CONCLUSIONS While the literature offers specific strategies that positively affect transitional care, there are few strategies that do not negatively affect an alternate agenda. Conscientious leaders should consider transitional care in the context of its wicked nature in order to achieve optimal patient care. IMPLICATIONS Stakeholders include: hospital administrators, nurse leaders, direct-care nurses, acute care and primary care clinicians, patients, caregivers, community agencies, health sciences educators and insurers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhett Hudson
- Charles George VA Medical Center, Asheville, NC, USA
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