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Dang F, Nie L, Zhou J, Shimizu K, Chu C, Wu Z, Fassl A, Ke S, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang T, Tu Z, Inuzuka H, Sicinski P, Bass AJ, Wei W. Inhibition of CK1ε potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitor in breast cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5386. [PMID: 34508104 PMCID: PMC8433397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although inhibitors targeting CDK4/6 kinases (CDK4/6i) have shown promising clinical prospect in treating ER+/HER2- breast cancers, acquired drug resistance is frequently observed and mechanistic knowledge is needed to harness their full clinical potential. Here, we report that inhibition of CDK4/6 promotes βTrCP1-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of RB1, and facilitates SP1-mediated CDK6 transcriptional activation. Intriguingly, suppression of CK1ε not only efficiently prevents RB1 from degradation, but also prevents CDK4/6i-induced CDK6 upregulation by modulating SP1 protein stability, thereby enhancing CDK4/6i efficacy and overcoming resistance to CDK4/6i in vitro. Using xenograft and PDX models, we further demonstrate that combined inhibition of CK1ε and CDK4/6 results in marked suppression of tumor growth in vivo. Altogether, these results uncover the molecular mechanisms by which CDK4/6i treatment alters RB1 and CDK6 protein abundance, thereby driving the acquisition of CDK4/6i resistance. Importantly, we identify CK1ε as an effective target for potentiating the therapeutic efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Nie
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kouhei Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anne Fassl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shizhong Ke
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuangao Wang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhenbo Tu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam J Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ahmadu AA, Delehouzé C, Haruna A, Mustapha L, Lawal BA, Udobre A, Baratte B, Triscornia C, Autret A, Robert T, Bulinski JC, Rousselot M, Simoes Eugénio M, Dimanche-Boitrel MT, Petzer JP, Legoabe LJ, Bach S. Betulin, a Newly Characterized Compound in Acacia auriculiformis Bark, Is a Multi-Target Protein Kinase Inhibitor. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154599. [PMID: 34361750 PMCID: PMC8347092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to investigate the protein kinase inhibitory activity of constituents from Acacia auriculiformis stem bark. Column chromatography and NMR spectroscopy were used to purify and characterize betulin from an ethyl acetate soluble fraction of acacia bark. Betulin, a known inducer of apoptosis, was screened against a panel of 16 disease-related protein kinases. Betulin was shown to inhibit Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (ABL1) kinase, casein kinase 1ε (CK1ε), glycogen synthase kinase 3α/β (GSK-3 α/β), Janus kinase 3 (JAK3), NIMA Related Kinase 6 (NEK6), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 kinase (VEGFR2) with activities in the micromolar range for each. The effect of betulin on the cell viability of doxorubicin-resistant K562R chronic myelogenous leukemia cells was then verified to investigate its putative use as an anti-cancer compound. Betulin was shown to modulate the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, with activity similar to that of imatinib mesylate, a known ABL1 kinase inhibitor. The interaction of betulin and ABL1 was studied by molecular docking, revealing an interaction of the inhibitor with the ABL1 ATP binding pocket. Together, these data demonstrate that betulin is a multi-target inhibitor of protein kinases, an activity that can contribute to the anticancer properties of the natural compound and to potential treatments for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine A. Ahmadu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna 800241, Nigeria; (A.H.); (L.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Calabar, Calabar 540271, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (A.A.A.); (S.B.); Tel.: +234-80-37-03-35-05 (A.A.A.); +33-2-98-29-23-91 (S.B.)
| | - Claire Delehouzé
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Sorbonne Université, 29680 Roscoff, France; (C.D.); (B.B.); (C.T.); (T.R.); (J.C.B.)
- Place Georges Teissier, SeaBeLife Biotech, 29680 Roscoff, France; (A.A.); (M.R.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Anas Haruna
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna 800241, Nigeria; (A.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Lukman Mustapha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna 800241, Nigeria; (A.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Bilqis A. Lawal
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria;
| | - Aniefiok Udobre
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo 520003, Nigeria;
| | - Blandine Baratte
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Sorbonne Université, 29680 Roscoff, France; (C.D.); (B.B.); (C.T.); (T.R.); (J.C.B.)
- CNRS, FR2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Plateforme de Criblage KISSf (Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening Facility), Sorbonne Université, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Camilla Triscornia
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Sorbonne Université, 29680 Roscoff, France; (C.D.); (B.B.); (C.T.); (T.R.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Axelle Autret
- Place Georges Teissier, SeaBeLife Biotech, 29680 Roscoff, France; (A.A.); (M.R.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Thomas Robert
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Sorbonne Université, 29680 Roscoff, France; (C.D.); (B.B.); (C.T.); (T.R.); (J.C.B.)
- CNRS, FR2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Plateforme de Criblage KISSf (Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening Facility), Sorbonne Université, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Jeannette Chloë Bulinski
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Sorbonne Université, 29680 Roscoff, France; (C.D.); (B.B.); (C.T.); (T.R.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Morgane Rousselot
- Place Georges Teissier, SeaBeLife Biotech, 29680 Roscoff, France; (A.A.); (M.R.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Mélanie Simoes Eugénio
- Place Georges Teissier, SeaBeLife Biotech, 29680 Roscoff, France; (A.A.); (M.R.); (M.S.E.)
- Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l’Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), INSERM UMR 1085, F-35043 Rennes, France;
| | - Marie-Thérèse Dimanche-Boitrel
- Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l’Environnement et le Travail (IRSET), INSERM UMR 1085, F-35043 Rennes, France;
- Biosit UMS 3080, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Jacobus P. Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (J.P.P.); (L.J.L.)
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J. Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (J.P.P.); (L.J.L.)
| | - Stéphane Bach
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Sorbonne Université, 29680 Roscoff, France; (C.D.); (B.B.); (C.T.); (T.R.); (J.C.B.)
- CNRS, FR2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Plateforme de Criblage KISSf (Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening Facility), Sorbonne Université, 29680 Roscoff, France
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (J.P.P.); (L.J.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.A.); (S.B.); Tel.: +234-80-37-03-35-05 (A.A.A.); +33-2-98-29-23-91 (S.B.)
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Yuan F, Li D, Guo M, Fang T, Sun J, Qi F, Rao Q, Zhao Z, Huang P, Yang B, Xia J. IC261 suppresses progression of hepatocellular carcinoma in a casein kinase 1 δ/ε independent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:809-815. [PMID: 31954519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly cancers worldwide that responds poorly to existing therapies. The Casein kinase 1 (CK1) isoforms CK1δ and CK1ε are reported to be highly expressed in several tumor types, and both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of CK1δ/ε activity has deleterious effects on tumor cell growth. IC261, an CK1δ/ε selectively inhibitor, shows anti-tumor effect against pancreatic tumor and glioblastoma, but its role in HCC remains poorly characterized. In our research, IC261 displayed time- and dose-dependent inhibition of HCC cell proliferation, and induced G2/M arrest and cell apoptosis in vitro. However, the anti-tumor effects of IC261 was independent of CK1δ/ε. Additionally, IC261 was verified to induce centrosome fragmentation during mitosis independent of CK1δ status, and intraperitoneal injection of IC261 to HCCLM3 xenograft models inhibited tumor growth. Taken together, our data indicated that IC261 has therapeutic potential for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yuan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Donghe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Mengzhou Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Tingting Fang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jialei Sun
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Feng Qi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Qianwen Rao
- Minhang Hospital, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201100, PR China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Peixin Huang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Biwei Yang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Jinglin Xia
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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4
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Huh Y, Chen D, Riley S, Chang C, Nicholas T. Evaluation of QT Liability for PF-05251749 in the Presence of Potential Circadian Rhythm Modification. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2020; 9:60-69. [PMID: 31749321 PMCID: PMC6966184 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PF-05251749 is a dual inhibitor of casein kinase 1 δ/ε, key regulators of circadian rhythm. As a result of its mechanism of action, PF-05251749 may also change the heart rate corrected QT (QTc) circadian rhythm, which may confound detection of drug-induced QTc prolongation. In this analysis, a nonlinear mixed effect model including a multioscillator function was developed in addition to fitting the prespecified linear mixed effect concentration-QTc model, to identify QTc liability of PF-05251749 in the presence of potential circadian rhythm change. The modeling results suggested lack of clinically meaningful QTc prolongation (upper bound of 90% confidence interval for ∆∆QTc < 10 milliseconds) and that the drug-induced QTc circadian rhythm change was not present. However, simulation results indicated that inference of drug-induced QTc prolongation could be misleading if the drug effect on QTc circadian rhythm is not properly addressed. The modeling and simulation results suggest that prespecification of the concentration-QTc model should be reconsidered for drugs with circadian rhythm modulation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeamin Huh
- Global Product DevelopmentPfizer IncGrotonConnecticutUSA
| | - Danny Chen
- Early Clinical DevelopmentPfizer IncCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Steve Riley
- Global Product DevelopmentPfizer IncGrotonConnecticutUSA
| | - Cheng Chang
- Global Product DevelopmentPfizer IncGrotonConnecticutUSA
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5
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Ye LC, Jiang C, Bai J, Jiang J, Hong HF, Qiu LS. KNOCKDOWN OF CASEIN KINASE 1e INHIBITS CELL PROLIFERATION AND INVASION OF COLORECTAL CANCER CELLS VIA INHIBITION OF THE Wnt/β-CATENIN SIGNALING. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2015; 29:307-315. [PMID: 26122218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) is involved in the development of multiple pathological disorders such as cancer, however the function and molecular mechanism of CK1εin cancer are still unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of CK1ε in human colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression of CK1ε was examined by immunohistochemical assay using a tissue microarray procedure. A loss-of-function experiment was performed to observe the effects of lentivirus-mediated CK1ε shRNA (Lv-shCK1ε) on cell proliferation and invasive potential by MTT and Transwell assays in CRC cell line (SW480). As a result, we found that the expression of CK1ε protein was significantly increased in CRC tissues compared with that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANCT) (68.9% vs 42.2%, P=0.017) and was correlated with the Dukes staging and depth of invasion in CRC patients (P=0.012; P=0.015). Knockdown of CK1ε reduced cell proliferation and invasion of CRC cells followed by the downregulation of wnt3α, β-catenin, PCNA and MMP-9. In conclusion, our findings show that high expression of CK1ε is positively associated with the Dukes staging and depth of invasion in CRC patients, and knockdown of CK1ε suppresses the growth and invasion of CRC cells through inhibition of the wnt/β-catenin signaling, suggesting that CK1ε may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Ye
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Childrens Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - C Jiang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Childrens Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Bai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Childrens Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Childrens Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - H-F Hong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Childrens Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L-S Qiu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Childrens Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bibian M, Rahaim RJ, Choi JY, Noguchi Y, Schürer S, Chen W, Nakanishi S, Licht K, Rosenberg LH, Li L, Feng Y, Cameron MD, Duckett DR, Cleveland JL, Roush WR. Development of highly selective casein kinase 1δ/1ε (CK1δ/ε) inhibitors with potent antiproliferative properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4374-80. [PMID: 23787102 PMCID: PMC3783656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of a series of potent and highly selective casein kinase 1δ/ε (CK1δ/ε) inhibitors is described. Starting from a purine scaffold inhibitor (SR-653234) identified by high throughput screening, we developed a series of potent and highly kinase selective inhibitors, including SR-2890 and SR-3029, which have IC₅₀ ≤ 50 nM versus CK1δ. The two lead compounds have ≤100 nM EC50 values in MTT assays against the human A375 melanoma cell line and have physical, in vitro and in vivo PK properties suitable for use in proof of principle animal xenograft studies against human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bibian
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Ronald J. Rahaim
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Yoshihiko Noguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Stephan Schürer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology and Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th St., Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Weimin Chen
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Shima Nakanishi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Konstantin Licht
- Department of Cancer Biology, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Laura H. Rosenberg
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Yangbo Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Derek R. Duckett
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - John L. Cleveland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - William R. Roush
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
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Smadja Storz S, Tovin A, Mracek P, Alon S, Foulkes NS, Gothilf Y. Casein kinase 1δ activity: a key element in the zebrafish circadian timing system. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54189. [PMID: 23349822 PMCID: PMC3549995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish have become a popular model for studies of the circadian timing mechanism. Taking advantage of its rapid development of a functional circadian clock and the availability of light-entrainable clock-containing cell lines, much knowledge has been gained about the circadian clock system in this species. However, the post-translational modifications of clock proteins, and in particular the phosphorylation of PER proteins by Casein kinase I delta and epsilon (CK1δ and CK1ε), have so far not been examined in the zebrafish. Using pharmacological inhibitors for CK1δ and CK1ε, a pan-CK1δ/ε inhibitor PF-670462, and a CK1ε -selective inhibitor PF-4800567, we show that CK1δ activity is crucial for the functioning of the circadian timing mechanism of zebrafish, while CK1ε plays a minor role. The CK1δ/ε inhibitor disrupted circadian rhythms of promoter activity in the circadian clock-containing zebrafish cell line, PAC-2, while the CK1ε inhibitor had no effect. Zebrafish larvae that were exposed to the CK1δ/ε inhibitor showed no rhythms of locomotor activity while the CK1ε inhibitor had only a minor effect on locomotor activity. Moreover, the addition of the CK1δ/ε inhibitor disrupted rhythms of aanat2 mRNA expression in the pineal gland. The pineal gland is considered to act as a central clock organ in fish, delivering a rhythmic hormonal signal, melatonin, which is regulated by AANAT2 enzymatic activity. Therefore, CK1δ plays a key role in the circadian timing system of the zebrafish. Furthermore, the effect of CK1δ inhibition on rhythmic locomotor activity may reflect its effect on the function of the central clock in the pineal gland as well as its regulation of peripheral clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Smadja Storz
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Kim SY, Dunn IF, Firestein R, Gupta P, Wardwell L, Repich K, Schinzel AC, Wittner B, Silver SJ, Root DE, Boehm JS, Ramaswamy S, Lander ES, Hahn WC. CK1epsilon is required for breast cancers dependent on beta-catenin activity. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8979. [PMID: 20126544 PMCID: PMC2813871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant β-catenin signaling plays a key role in several cancer types, notably colon, liver and breast cancer. However approaches to modulate β-catenin activity for therapeutic purposes have proven elusive to date. Methodology To uncover genetic dependencies in breast cancer cells that harbor active β-catenin signaling, we performed RNAi-based loss-of-function screens in breast cancer cell lines in which we had characterized β-catenin activity. Here we identify CSNK1E, the gene encoding casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) as required specifically for the proliferation of breast cancer cells with activated β-catenin and confirm its role as a positive regulator of β-catenin-driven transcription. Furthermore, we demonstrate that breast cancer cells that harbor activated β-catenin activity exhibit enhanced sensitivity to pharmacological blockade of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We also find that expression of CK1ε is able to promote oncogenic transformation of human cells in a β-catenin-dependent manner. Conclusions/Significance These studies identify CK1ε as a critical contributor to activated β-catenin signaling in cancer and suggest it may provide a potential therapeutic target for cancers that harbor active β-catenin. More generally, these observations delineate an approach that can be used to identify druggable synthetic lethal interactions with signaling pathways that are frequently activated in cancer but are difficult to target with the currently available small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ian F. Dunn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ron Firestein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Piyush Gupta
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leslie Wardwell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kara Repich
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna C. Schinzel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ben Wittner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Serena J. Silver
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David E. Root
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jesse S. Boehm
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric S. Lander
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - William C. Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Reischl S, Vanselow K, Westermark PO, Thierfelder N, Maier B, Herzel H, Kramer A. Beta-TrCP1-mediated degradation of PERIOD2 is essential for circadian dynamics. J Biol Rhythms 2008; 22:375-86. [PMID: 17876059 DOI: 10.1177/0748730407303926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulated degradation of circadian clock proteins is a crucial step for rhythm generation per se but also for establishing a normal circadian period. Here, the authors show that the F-box protein beta-transducin repeat containing protein 1 (beta-TrCP1) as part of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is an essential component of the mammalian circadian oscillator. Down-regulation of endogenous beta-TrCP1 as well as expression of a dominant-negative form both result in lengthening of the circadian period in oscillating fibroblasts. These phenotypes are due to an impaired degradation of PERIOD (PER) proteins, since expression of beta-TrCP interaction-deficient PER2 variants--but not wild-type PER2--results in a dramatic stabilization of PER2 protein as well as in the disruption of circadian rhythmicity. Mathematical modeling conceptualizes the authors' findings and suggests that loss of sustained rhythmicity in cells with eliminated beta-TrCP-mediated PER2 degradation is due to excessive nuclear repression, a prediction they verified experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Reischl
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Badura L, Swanson T, Adamowicz W, Adams J, Cianfrogna J, Fisher K, Holland J, Kleiman R, Nelson F, Reynolds L, St Germain K, Schaeffer E, Tate B, Sprouse J. An Inhibitor of Casein Kinase Iϵ Induces Phase Delays in Circadian Rhythms under Free-Running and Entrained Conditions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 322:730-8. [PMID: 17502429 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase Iepsilon (CKIepsilon) is an essential component of the biological clock, phosphorylating PER proteins, and in doing so regulating their turnover and nuclear entry in oscillator cells of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Although hereditary decreases in PER phosphorylation have been well characterized, little is known about the consequences of acute enzyme inhibition by pharmacological means. A novel reagent, 4-[3-cyclohexyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-pyrimidin-2-ylamine (PF-670462), proved to be both a potent (IC(50) = 7.7 +/- 2.2 nM) and selective (>30-fold with respect to 42 additional kinases) inhibitor of CKIepsilon in isolated enzyme preparations; in transfected whole cell assays, it caused a concentration-related redistribution of nuclear versus cytosolic PER. When tested in free-running animals, 50 mg/kg s.c. PF-670462 produced robust phase delays when dosed at circadian time (CT)9 (-1.97 +/- 0.17 h). Entrained rats dosed in normal light-dark (LD) and then released to constant darkness also experienced phase delays that were dose- and time of dosing-dependent. PF-670462 yielded only phase delays across the circadian cycle with the most sensitive time at CT12 when PER levels are near their peak in the SCN. Most importantly, these drug-induced phase delays persisted in animals entrained and maintained in LD throughout the entire experiment; re-entrainment to the prevailing LD required days in contrast to the rapid elimination of the drug (t(1/2) = 0.46 +/- 0.04 h). Together, these results suggest that inhibition of CKIepsilon yields a perturbation of oscillator function that forestalls light as a zeitgeber, and they demonstrate that pharmacological tools such as PF-670462 may yield valuable insight into clock function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Badura
- Comparative Physiology and Medicine, Pfizer Global Research and Development, MS 8220-4178, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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11
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Virshup DM, Eide EJ, Forger DB, Gallego M, Harnish EV. Reversible protein phosphorylation regulates circadian rhythms. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2007; 72:413-420. [PMID: 18419299 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2007.72.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation regulates the period of the circadian clock within mammalian cells. Circadian rhythms are an approximately 24-hour cycle that regulates key biological processes. Daily fluctuations of wakefulness, stress hormones, lipid metabolism, immune function, and the cell division cycle are controlled by the molecular clocks that function throughout our bodies. Mutations in regulatory components of the clock can shorten or lengthen the timing of the rhythms and have significant physiological consequences. The clock is formed by a negative feedback loop of transcription, translation, and inhibition of transcription. The precision of clock timing is controlled by protein kinases and phosphatases. Casein kinase Iepsilon is a protein kinase that regulates the circadian clock by periodic phosphorylation of the proteins PER1 and PER2, controlling their stability and localization. The role of phosphorylation in regulating PER function in the clock has been explored in detail. Quantitative modeling has proven to be very useful in making important predictions about how changes in phosphorylation alter the clock's behavior. Quantitative data from biological studies can be used to refine the quantitative model and make additional testable predictions. A detailed understanding of how reversible protein phosphorylation regulates circadian rhythms and a detailed quantitative model that makes clear, testable, and accurate predictions about the clock and how we may manipulate it can have important benefits for human health. Pharmacological manipulation of rhythms could mitigate stress from jet lag, shift work, and perhaps even seasonal affective disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Virshup
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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12
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Cyran SA, Yiannoulos G, Buchsbaum AM, Saez L, Young MW, Blau J. The double-time protein kinase regulates the subcellular localization of the Drosophila clock protein period. J Neurosci 2006; 25:5430-7. [PMID: 15930393 PMCID: PMC1361277 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0263-05.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Period (PER), Timeless (TIM), and Double-Time (DBT) proteins are essential components of one feedback loop in the Drosophila circadian molecular clock. PER and TIM physically interact. Coexpression of PER and TIM promotes their nuclear accumulation and influences the activity of DBT: although DBT phosphorylates and destabilizes PER, this is suppressed by TIM. Experiments using Drosophila cells in culture have indicated that PER can translocate to the nucleus without TIM and will repress transcription in a DBT-potentiated manner. In this study, we examined the control of PER subcellular localization in Drosophila clock cells in vivo. We found that PER can translocate to the nucleus in tim(01) null mutants but only if DBT kinase activity is inhibited. We also found that nuclear PER is a potent transcriptional repressor in dbt mutants in vivo without TIM. Thus, in vivo, DBT regulates PER subcellular localization, in addition to its previously documented role as a mediator of PER stability. However, DBT does not seem essential for transcriptional repression by PER. It was reported previously that overexpression of a second kinase, Shaggy (SGG)/Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3, accelerates PER nuclear accumulation. Here, we show that these effects of SGG on PER nuclear accumulation require TIM. We propose a revised clock model that incorporates this tight kinase regulation of PER and TIM nuclear entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A Cyran
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
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