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Colque-Little C, Lund OS, Andreasen C, Amby DB. Chenopodium quinoa, a New Host for Alternaria Section Alternata and Alternaria Section Infectoriae Causing Yellow Leaf Blotch Disease. Plant Dis 2023; 107:2628-2632. [PMID: 36880865 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-22-2320-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a native American crop mainly grown in the Andes of Bolivia and Peru. During the last decades, the cultivation of quinoa has expanded to more than 125 countries. Since then, several diseases of quinoa have been characterized. A leaf disease was observed on quinoa plants growing in an experimental plot in Eastern Denmark in 2018. The symptoms produced by the associated fungi consisted of small yellow blotches on the upper surface of leaves with a pale chlorotic halo surrounding the lesion. These studies used a combination of morphology, molecular diagnostics, and pathogenicity tests to identify two different Alternaria species belonging to Alternaria sections Infectoriae and Alternata as the causal agent of observed disease symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Alternaria spp. as foliar pathogens of quinoa. Our findings indicate the need for additional studies to determine potential risks to quinoa production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Colque-Little
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Ole Søgaard Lund
- Laboratory of the Danish Food and Veterinary Administration, DK4100 Ringsted, Denmark
| | - Christian Andreasen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Daniel Buchvaldt Amby
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK2630 Taastrup, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section for Organismal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Sandez Penidez SH, Velasco Manini MA, Gerez CL, Rollan GC. Consortia of lactic acid bacteria strains increase the antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds of quinoa sourdough - based biscuits. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:95. [PMID: 36759385 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to use consortia (two or three strains) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) [Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL 1964 and CRL 1973, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides CRL 2131] to obtain quinoa sourdoughs (QS) for further manufacturing of quinoa sourdough-based biscuits (QB). Microbial grow and acidification were evaluated in QS while antioxidant activity (AOA), total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total flavonoid compounds (TFC) were determined in QS and QB. QS inoculated with LAB consortia respect to monocultures showed higher growth and acidification, AOA (7.9?42.6%), TPC (19.9?35.0%) and TFC (6.1?31.6%). QB prepared with QS inoculated by LAB consortia showed higher AOA (5.0-81.1%), TPC (22.5?57.5%) and TFC (14.0-79.9%) than biscuits inoculated by monocultures sourdoughs. These results were attributed to a synergic effect from LAB consortia. Principal component analysis showed the highest scores of the evaluated characteristics for biscuits made with consortia sourdough of two (CRL1964?+?CRL2131) and three (CRL1964?+?CRL1973?+?CRL2131) strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Sandez Penidez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA) - CONICET, Chacabuco 145 (4000) - San Miguel de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M A Velasco Manini
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA) - CONICET, Chacabuco 145 (4000) - San Miguel de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - C L Gerez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA) - CONICET, Chacabuco 145 (4000) - San Miguel de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - G C Rollan
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA) - CONICET, Chacabuco 145 (4000) - San Miguel de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
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Colque-Little C, Abondano MC, Lund OS, Amby DB, Piepho HP, Andreasen C, Schmöckel S, Schmid K. Genetic variation for tolerance to the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora variabilis in genetic resources of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:41. [PMID: 33446098 PMCID: PMC7809748 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an ancient grain crop that is tolerant to abiotic stress and has favorable nutritional properties. Downy mildew is the main disease of quinoa and is caused by infections of the biotrophic oomycete Peronospora variabilis Gaüm. Since the disease causes major yield losses, identifying sources of downy mildew tolerance in genetic resources and understanding its genetic basis are important goals in quinoa breeding. RESULTS We infected 132 South American genotypes, three Danish cultivars and the weedy relative C. album with a single isolate of P. variabilis under greenhouse conditions and observed a large variation in disease traits like severity of infection, which ranged from 5 to 83%. Linear mixed models revealed a significant effect of genotypes on disease traits with high heritabilities (0.72 to 0.81). Factors like altitude at site of origin or seed saponin content did not correlate with mildew tolerance, but stomatal width was weakly correlated with severity of infection. Despite the strong genotypic effects on mildew tolerance, genome-wide association mapping with 88 genotypes failed to identify significant marker-trait associations indicating a polygenic architecture of mildew tolerance. CONCLUSIONS The strong genetic effects on mildew tolerance allow to identify genetic resources, which are valuable sources of resistance in future quinoa breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Colque-Little
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Miguel Correa Abondano
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 21, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ole Søgaard Lund
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Daniel Buchvaldt Amby
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Hans-Peter Piepho
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 21, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Andreasen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Sandra Schmöckel
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 21, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karl Schmid
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 21, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Castro‐Alba V, Lazarte CE, Perez‐Rea D, Carlsson N, Almgren A, Bergenståhl B, Granfeldt Y. Fermentation of pseudocereals quinoa, canihua, and amaranth to improve mineral accessibility through degradation of phytate. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:5239-5248. [PMID: 31062366 PMCID: PMC6771823 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudocereals are nutrient-rich grains with high mineral content but also phytate content. Phytate is a mineral absorption inhibitor. The study's aim was to evaluate phytate degradation during spontaneous fermentation and during Lactobacillus plantarum 299v® fermentation of quinoa, canihua, and amaranth grains and flours. It also aimed to evaluate the accessibility of iron, zinc, and calcium and to estimate their bioavailability before and after the fermentation of flours with starter culture. Lactic acid, pH, phytate, and mineral content were analyzed during fermentation. RESULTS Higher phytate degradation was found during the fermentation of flours (64-93%) than during that of grains (12-51%). Results suggest that phytate degradation was mainly due to endogenous phytase activity in different pseudocereals rather than the phytase produced by added microorganisms. The addition of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v® resulted in a higher level of lactic acid (76.8-82.4 g kg-1 DM) during fermentation, and a relatively quicker reduction in pH to 4 than in spontaneous fermentation. Mineral accessibility was increased (1.7-4.6-fold) and phytate : mineral molar ratios were reduced (1.5-4.2-fold) in agreement with phytate degradation (1.8-4.2-fold) in fermented flours. The reduced molar ratios were still above the threshold value for the improved estimated mineral bioavailability of mainly iron. CONCLUSION Fermentation proved to be effective for degrading phytate in pseudocereal flours, but less so in grains. Fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum 299v® improved mineral accessibility and estimated bioavailability in flours. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Castro‐Alba
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and NutritionLund UniversityLundSweden
- Food and Natural Products CenterSan Simón UniversityCochabambaBolivia
| | - Claudia E Lazarte
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and NutritionLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Daysi Perez‐Rea
- Food and Natural Products CenterSan Simón UniversityCochabambaBolivia
| | | | - Annette Almgren
- Department of Food ScienceChalmers University of TechnologyGöteborgSweden
| | - Björn Bergenståhl
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and NutritionLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Yvonne Granfeldt
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and NutritionLund UniversityLundSweden
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Vinichuk M, Mårtensson A, Ericsson T, Rosén K. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on 137Cs uptake by plants grown on different soils. J Environ Radioact 2013; 115:151-156. [PMID: 22939950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential use of mycorrhiza as a bioremediation agent for soils contaminated by radiocesium was evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. The uptake of (137)Cs by cucumber, perennial ryegrass, and sunflower after inoculation with a commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) product in soils contaminated with (137)Cs was investigated, with non-mycorrhizal quinoa included as a "reference" plant. The effect of cucumber and ryegrass inoculation with AM fungi on (137)Cs uptake was inconsistent. The effect of AM fungi was most pronounced in sunflower: both plant biomass and (137)Cs uptake increased on loamy sand and loamy soils. The total (137)Cs activity accumulated within AM host sunflower on loamy sand and loamy soils was 2.4 and 3.2-fold higher than in non-inoculated plants. Although the enhanced uptake of (137)Cs by quinoa plants on loamy soil inoculated by the AM fungi was observed, the infection of the fungi to the plants was not confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vinichuk
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Urcelay C, Acho J, Joffre R. Fungal root symbionts and their relationship with fine root proportion in native plants from the Bolivian Andean highlands above 3,700 m elevation. Mycorrhiza 2011; 21:323-330. [PMID: 20922435 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-010-0339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, we examined the colonization by fungal root symbionts in the cultivated Andean grain Chenopodium quinoa and in 12 species that dominate plant communities in the Bolivian Altiplano above 3,700 m elevation and explore for the possible relationships between fungal colonization and fine root proportion. The 12 most abundant species in the study area were consistently colonized by AMF and DSE. In contrast, the annual Andean grain C. quinoa showed negligible or absence of mycorrhizal fungi colonizing roots. On the other hand, C. quinoa, Junelia seriphioides and Chersodoma jodopappa were infected to a varying degree by the root pathogen Olpidium sp. We observed no relationship between AMF and DSE colonization and proportion of fine roots in the root system, but instead, the ratio between DSE and AMF colonization (ratio DSE/AMF) negatively related with proportion of fine roots. Our findings support the hypothesis regarding the importance of DSE at high altitudes and suggest a functional relationship between the rate of DSE/AMF and proportion of fine roots. The colonization by the root pathogen Olpidium sp. in C. quinoa deserves further study since this Andean grain is increasingly important for the local economy in these marginal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Urcelay
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-UNC) and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Julieta Acho
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecologia, UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Richard Joffre
- IRD CEFE CNRS, UMR 5175, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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Lan P, Yeh WB, Tsai CW, Lin NS. A unique glycine-rich motif at the N-terminal region of Bamboo mosaic virus coat protein is required for symptom expression. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2010; 23:903-14. [PMID: 20521953 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-23-7-0903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The coat proteins (CP) of many plant viruses are multifunctional proteins. We used N-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis to identify a truncated form of the Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) CP missing the N-terminal 35 amino acids (N35). The N35 region is unique in the potexviruses by its containing a glycine-rich motif (GRM) not present in databases but highly conserved among BaMV isolates. Results from site-directed mutagenesis and deletion mutational analysis showed that loss of this region converted necrotic local lesions to chlorotic local lesions on Chenopodium quinoa leaves. Furthermore, this region is required for successful development of mosaic symptoms on Nicotiana benthamiana leaves but is dispensable for BaMV replication and cell-to-cell and long-distance movement as well as virion assembly. This unique GRM-containing region of BaMV CP may be a symptom determinant in specific hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
Previously, this author reported that the fermentation of quinoa with Rhizopus oligosporeus increased antioxidant activity, and the antioxidant activity of the 80% methanol extract of the fermented quinoa (Q-tempeh) was higher than the other extracts with n-hexane and water in vitro. In this paper, to clarify a beneficial effect of the fermentation of quinoa with R. oligosporus, the antioxidant activity of 80% methanol extract of Q-tempeh was investigated in rats ex vivo and in vivo. In the ex vivo experiment, the 80% methanol extract from Q-tempeh increased both activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the liver, and accelerated the production of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) in the lung. In rats fed vitamin E-free diets with 80% methanol extract of Q-tempeh, the alpha-tocopherol concentration, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) value, and activities of GSH-Px and SOD in serum showed a similar concentration to those of the control rats fed a vitamin E-supplemented diet. However, the hepatic GSH-Px and SOD activities were higher than those in the control rats. On the other hand, in rats fed a vitamin E-free diet with the 80% methanol extract of quinoa, the serum alpha-tocopherol level was lower, and both TBARS values of serum and liver were higher than those in the control rats. From these results, the 80% methanol extract of Q-tempeh was inferred to be an active superoxide scavenger and peroxide reducer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Matsuo
- Faculty of Home Science, Gifu Women's University, 80 Taromaru, Gifu 501-2592, Japan.
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Abstract
Heterothallism in Peronospora farinosa f.sp. chenopodii, the causal agent of downy mildew of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is reported for the first time. Downy mildew is the most important disease of this crop in the Andean region. Eight single-lesion isolates from different regions in Peru and Bolivia were crossed in all possible combinations using a detached leaf assay, to determine the mating system of the downy mildew pathogen. The presence of two mating types, P1 and P2, was revealed showing that P. farinosa f.sp. chenopodii is heterothallic. It is suggested that frequent sexual reproduction is an important evolutionary force in this pathogen in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Danielsen
- Department of Crop Protection, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru.
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