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Li X, Qiao P, Zhang Y, Liu G, Zhu M, Gai J, Wan Y. High performance production process development and scale-up of an anti-TSLP nanobody. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 218:106441. [PMID: 38367654 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Nanobodies (Nbs) represent a class of single-domain antibodies with great potential application value across diverse biotechnology fields, including therapy and diagnostics. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial cell-derived cytokine, playing a crucial role in the regulation of type 2 immune responses at barrier surfaces such as skin and the respiratory/gastrointestinal tract. In this study, a method for the expression and purification of anti-TSLP nanobody (Nb3341) was established at 7 L scale and subsequently scaled up to 100 L scale. Key parameters, including induction temperature, methanol feed and induction pH were identified as key factors by Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and were optimized in 7 L bioreactor, yielding optimal values of 24 °C, 8.5 mL/L/h and 6.5, respectively. Furthermore, Diamond Mix-A and Diamond MMC were demonstrated to be the optimal capture and polishing resins. The expression and purification process of Nb3341 at 100L scale resulted in 22.97 g/L titer, 98.7% SEC-HPLC purity, 95.7% AEX-HPLC purity, 4 ppm of HCP content and 1 pg/mg of HCD residue. The parameters of the scaling-up process were consistent with the results of the optimized process, further demonstrating the feasibility and stability of this method. This study provides a highly promising and competitive approach for transitioning from laboratory-scale to commercial production-scale of nanobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Shanghai Novamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Qiao
- Shanghai Novamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yicai Zhang
- Shanghai Novamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxin Liu
- Shanghai Novamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Shanghai Novamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Junwei Gai
- Shanghai Novamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yakun Wan
- Shanghai Novamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
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Liang Z, Yeung WT, Ma J, Mai KKK, Liu Z, Chong YLF, Cai X, Kang BH. Electron tomography of prolamellar bodies and their transformation into grana thylakoids in cryofixed Arabidopsis cotyledons. Plant Cell 2022; 34:3830-3843. [PMID: 35876816 PMCID: PMC9516191 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The para-crystalline structures of prolamellar bodies (PLBs) and light-induced etioplast-to-chloroplast transformation have been investigated via electron microscopy. However, such studies suffer from chemical fixation artifacts and limited volumes of 3D reconstruction. Here, we examined Arabidopsis thaliana cotyledon cells by electron tomography (ET) to visualize etioplasts and their conversion into chloroplasts. We employed scanning transmission ET to image large volumes and high-pressure freezing to improve sample preservation. PLB tubules were arranged in a zinc blende-type lattice-like carbon atoms in diamonds. Within 2 h after illumination, the lattice collapsed from the PLB exterior and the disorganized tubules merged to form thylakoid sheets (pre-granal thylakoids), which folded and overlapped with each other to create grana stacks. Since the nascent pre-granal thylakoids contained curved membranes in their tips, we examined the expression and localization of CURT1 (CURVATURE THYLAKOID1) proteins. CURT1A transcripts were most abundant in de-etiolating cotyledon samples, and CURT1A was concentrated at the PLB periphery. In curt1a etioplasts, PLB-associated thylakoids were swollen and failed to form grana stacks. In contrast, PLBs had cracks in their lattices in curt1c etioplasts. Our data provide evidence that CURT1A is required for pre-granal thylakoid assembly from PLB tubules during de-etiolation, while CURT1C contributes to cubic crystal growth in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wai-Tsun Yeung
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juncai Ma
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keith Ka Ki Mai
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yau-Lun Felix Chong
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaohao Cai
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, The University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Rowland SJ, Scarlett AG, Jones D, West CE, Frank RA. Diamonds in the rough: identification of individual naphthenic acids in oil sands process water. Environ Sci Technol 2011; 45:3154-9. [PMID: 21391632 DOI: 10.1021/es103721b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Expansion of the oil sands industry of Canada has seen a concomitant increase in the amount of process water produced and stored in large lagoons known as tailings ponds. Concerns have been raised, particularly about the toxic complex mixtures of water-soluble naphthenic acids (NA) in the process water. To date, no individual NA have been identified, despite numerous attempts, and while the toxicity of broad classes of acids is of interest, toxicity is often structure-specific, so identification of individual acids may also be very important. Here we describe the chromatographic resolution and mass spectral identification of some individual NA from oil sands process water. We conclude that the presence of tricyclic diamondoid acids, never before even considered as NA, suggests an unprecedented degree of biodegradation of some of the oil in the oil sands. The identifications reported should now be followed by quantitative studies, and these used to direct toxicity assays of relevant NA and the method used to identify further NA to establish which, or whether all NA, are toxic. The two-dimensional comprehensive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method described may also be important for helping to better focus reclamation/remediation strategies for NA as well as in facilitating the identification of the sources of NA in contaminated surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Rowland
- Petroleum and Environmental Geochemistry Group, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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Abstract
When raw diamond nanoparticles (Dnp, 7 nm average particle size) obtained from detonation are submitted to harsh Fenton-treatment, the resulting material becomes free of amorphous soot matter and the process maintains the crystallinity, reduces the particle size (4 nm average particle size), increases the surface OH population, and increases water solubility. All these changes are beneficial for subsequent Dnp covalent functionalization and for the ability of Dnp to cross cell membranes. Fenton-treated Dnps have been functionalized with thionine and the resulting sample has been observed in HeLa cell nuclei. A triethylammonium-functionalized Dnp pairs electrostatically with a plasmid having the green fluorescent protein gene and acts as gene delivery system permitting the plasmid to cross HeLa cell membrane, something that does not occur for the plasmid alone without assistance of polycationic Dnp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Martín
- Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica CSIC-UPV and Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Av de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Gene therapy holds great promise for treating diseases ranging from inherited disorders to acquired conditions and cancers. Nonetheless, because a method of gene delivery that is both effective and safe has remained elusive, these successes were limited. Functional nanodiamonds (NDs) are rapidly emerging as promising carriers for next-generation therapeutics with demonstrated potential. Here we introduce NDs as vectors for in vitro gene delivery via surface-immobilization with 800 Da polyethyleneimine (PEI800) and covalent conjugation with amine groups. We designed PEI800-modified NDs exhibiting the high transfection efficiency of high molecular weight PEI (PEI25K), but without the high cytotoxicity inherent to PEI25K. Additionally, we demonstrated that the enhanced delivery properties were exclusively mediated by the hybrid ND-PEI800 material and not exhibited by any of the materials alone. This platform approach represents an efficient avenue toward gene delivery via DNA-functionalized NDs, and serves as a rapid, scalable, and broadly applicable gene therapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Clem WC, Chowdhury S, Catledge SA, Weimer JJ, Shaikh FM, Hennessy KM, Konovalov VV, Hill MR, Waterfeld A, Bellis SL, Vohra YK. Mesenchymal stem cell interaction with ultra-smooth nanostructured diamond for wear-resistant orthopaedic implants. Biomaterials 2008; 29:3461-8. [PMID: 18490051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-smooth nanostructured diamond (USND) can be applied to greatly increase the wear resistance of orthopaedic implants over conventional designs. Herein we describe surface modification techniques and cytocompatibility studies performed on this new material. We report that hydrogen (H)-terminated USND surfaces supported robust mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adhesion and survival, while oxygen- (O) and fluorine (F)-terminated surfaces resisted cell adhesion, indicating that USND can be modified to either promote or prevent cell/biomaterial interactions. Given the favorable cell response to H-terminated USND, this material was further compared with two commonly used biocompatible metals, titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and cobalt chrome (CoCrMo). MSC adhesion and proliferation were significantly improved on USND compared with CoCrMo, although cell adhesion was greatest on Ti-6Al-4V. Comparable amounts of the pro-adhesive protein, fibronectin, were deposited from serum on the three substrates. Finally, MSCs were induced to undergo osteoblastic differentiation on the three materials, and deposition of a mineralized matrix was quantified. Similar amounts of mineral were deposited onto USND and CoCrMo, whereas mineral deposition was slightly higher on Ti-6Al-4V. When coupled with recently published wear studies, these in vitro results suggest that USND has the potential to reduce debris particle release from orthopaedic implants without compromising osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Clem
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, United States
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Liu C, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Wang S, Abel EW. Reduction of bacterial adhesion on modified DLC coatings. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2007; 61:182-7. [PMID: 17897814 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of infections caused by the use of implanted biomedical devices, including catheters, bone fracture fixation pins and heart valves, etc. has a severe impact on human health and health care costs. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films as biomaterial for medical devices have been attracting great interest due to their excellent properties such as low friction and chemical inertness. It has been demonstrated that the properties of DLC films can be further improved by the addition of selective elements into DLC films. In this paper Si- and N-doped DLC coatings with various silicon and nitrogen contents on 316 stainless steel substrates were prepared by a magnetron sputtering technique. Bacterial adhesion to the modified DLC coatings was evaluated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 33347) which frequently cause medical device infections. The results showed that the addition of N or Si in DLC coatings had a significant influence on bacterial adhesion. In general the modified DLC coatings with N or Si performed better than the pure DLC coatings in inhibiting bacterial adhesion. The bacterial adhesion mechanism on the modified DLC coatings was explained with thermodynamic theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
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Abstract
Owing to its superior tribological and mechanical properties with corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and hemocompatibility, diamond-like carbon (DLC) has emerged as a promising material for biomedical applications. DLC films with various atomic bond structures and compositions are finding places in orthopedic, cardiovascular, and dental applications. Cells grew on to DLC coating without any cytotoxity and inflammation. DLC coatings in orthopedic applications reduced wear, corrosion, and debris formation. DLC coating also reduced thrombogenicity by minimizing the platelet adhesion and activation. However, some contradictory results (Airoldi et al., Am J Cardiol 2004;93:474-477, Taeger et al., Mat-wiss u Werkstofftech 2003;34:1094-1100) were also reported that no significant improvement was observed in the performance of DLC-coated stainless stent or DLC-coated femoral head. This controversy should be discussed based on the detailed information of the coating such as atomic bond structure, composition, and/or electronic structure. In addition, instability of the DLC coating caused by its high level of residual stress and poor adhesion in aqueous environment should be carefully considered. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are thus required to confirm its use for medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwik Kumar Roy
- Future Technology Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea
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Aspenberg P, Anttila A, Konttinen YT, Lappalainen R, Goodman SB, Nordsletten L, Santavirta S. Benign response to particles of diamond and SiC: bone chamber studies of new joint replacement coating materials in rabbits. Biomaterials 1996; 17:807-12. [PMID: 8730965 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(96)81418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Wear particles from total joint replacements are thought to accelerate prosthetic loosening. Diamond coating may improve the smoothness and wear characteristics of the femoral head component of total hip replacements, and thus increase their longevity. The brittleness of a thin diamond coat may be overcome by using an SiC-whisker diamond composite. This study describes the reactions of regenerating bone tissue to phagocytosable particles of diamond and SiC, using implanted bone harvest chambers in rabbits. The particles were dispersed in hyaluronan and introduced into a canal transversing the implant. The tissue that entered the canal during the following 3 weeks was then harvested. In previous studies using this model, particles of high density polyethylene, bone cement and chromium-cobalt all caused an inflammatory reaction and a marked decrease in the amount of ingrown bone. In the present study, neither the diamond nor the SiC particles caused any decrease in bone formation. It appears that particles of diamond and SiC are comparatively harmless.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aspenberg
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
The biocompatibility of chemical-vapour-deposited (CVD) diamond surfaces has been assessed. Our results indicate that CVD diamond is as biocompatible as titanium (Ti) and 316 stainless steel (SS). First, the amount of adsorbed and 'denatured' fibrinogen on CVD diamond was very close to that of Ti and SS. Second, both in vitro and in vivo there appears to be less cellular adhesion and activation on the surface of CVD diamond surfaces compared to Ti and SS. This evident biocompatibility, coupled with the corrosion resistance and notable mechanical integrity of CVD diamond, suggests that diamond-coated surfaces may be highly desirable in a number of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tang
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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