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Ferreira CD, Silva-Cardoso IMDA, Ferreira JCB, Costa FHDS, Scherwinski-Pereira JE. Morphostructural and histochemical dynamics of Euterpe precatoria (Arecaceae) germination. J Plant Res 2020; 133:693-713. [PMID: 32767021 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fruits of Euterpe precatoria, popularly known as açaí palm, have been commercially exploited for use in food and beverages because of their medicinal and energetic properties. However, despite the growing demand, little is known about the seeds germination, until now, its main form of propagation. In this context, we have characterized the structure of the zygotic embryo and described temporally the germination process of E. precatoria with emphasis on the morpho-anatomical and histochemical aspects. For this end, we have collected and analyzed zygotic embryo and seedlings samples before sowing and at different periods after sowing-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days. The embryo has an oblique embryonic axis and mainly protein reserves. Seed germination is classified as cryptocotyledonar, hypogeal, and adjacent ligular and we observed seedlings at 20 days after sowing (33.3%), although anatomical evidence of the beginning of the germination process have been observed at 15 days. The day-20 was histologically marked by the expansion of the ligule, beginning of second eophyll differentiation, and complete root protrusion. This stage was characterized by the total consumption of protein reserves and increased starch grains. The occurrence of 100% of root and ligula emission was verified at day-60, which characterizes a slow and heterogeneous process. The morphological marker of the E. precatoria germination is the exit of the proximal region (cotyledonary petiole) of the embryo from within the seed by the lifting of the operculum and the species has some peculiarities, such as the presence of high concentrations of phenolic compounds and idioblasts before and throughout the germination process, and starch grains located on the embryonic axis. We can verify that the consumption of protein reserves of the embryo is related to the energy supply necessary for root protrusion.
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Nascimento JRS, Neto DF, Coutinho ÍC, Domont GB, Nogueira FCS, Campos FAP. Proteome dynamics of the cotyledonary haustorium and endosperm in the course of germination of Euterpe oleracea seeds. Plant Sci 2020; 298:110569. [PMID: 32771170 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of the cotyledonary haustorium (CH) in the mobilization of nutrient reserves in the endosperm of species of the palm family Arecaceae is a moot question. To shed light on this matter, we present here an analysis of the quantitative proteome changes associated with four developmental stages of CH and three of endosperm during germination. Together, a total of 1965 proteins were identified, being 1538 in the CH and 960 in the endosperm. Both in the CH and endosperm proteomes, we observed an increase in the diversity of hydrolases as the CH and endosperm develops. Qualitative proteomics analysis of four CH developmental stages indicated that each stage is populated by a unique set of proteins and the quantitative analysis showed an increase in the relative abundance of hydrolases, particularly mannan degrading enzymes, as development progresses. These results add weight to the hypothesis that the CH in the seeds of E. oleraceaacts both as a conduit of carbon and nitrogen sources generated by the hydrolysis of the reserves in the endosperm and as a source of hydrolases that will contribute to the mobilization of these reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R S Nascimento
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Domingos F Neto
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ítalo C Coutinho
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Unidade Proteômica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio C S Nogueira
- Unidade Proteômica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Proteômica/LADETEC, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Francisco A P Campos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Bezerra LA, Campbell AJ, Brito TF, Menezes C, Maués MM. Pollen Loads of Flower Visitors to Açaí Palm (Euterpe oleracea) and Implications for Management of Pollination Services. Neotrop Entomol 2020; 49:482-490. [PMID: 32720064 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the functional roles of different pollinator species is crucial to the development of sustainable farming practices in pollinator-dependent crops. However, this can be challenging for crop plants in tropical regions with hyper-diverse pollinator communities. Here, we assess pollen loads of different insect visitors to inflorescences of açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea), the most important native crop in the Amazon estuary region. Flower-visiting insects were collected from pistillate (female) inflorescences at eight sites, including four managed floodplain forests and four plantations. Pollinator Importance Value Index (PIVI) and Relative Importance (RI) scores were calculated for common visitor taxa (≥ 10 individuals) using sum visit frequencies and median pollen loads. Pollen load analyses revealed that over seventy insect taxa, including bees, flies, beetles, wasps and ants, were effective vectors of E. oleracea pollen. Native bees, including both solitary and eusocial taxa, were the most efficient pollen vectors, with median pollen loads at least eight times higher than those of the next best insect group (flies). Insect pollen loads were at their highest between 0800 and 1300 hours, and four insect taxa had RI scores > 0.05, including two meliponine bees belonging to the Trigona genus (Trigona branneri Cockerell and Trigona pallens Fabricius) and two halictid bee genera (Augochloropsis and Dialictus). Our results suggest that native bees play an important role in açaí pollination and should be the primary focus of pollinator management in açaí production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Bezerra
- Univ. Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - A J Campbell
- Lab. de Entomologia, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, Brasil.
| | - T F Brito
- Lab. de Entomologia, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, Brasil
- Univ. Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - C Menezes
- Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Jaguariúna, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - M M Maués
- Lab. de Entomologia, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, Brasil
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de Oliveira HO, de Castro GLS, Correa LO, Silvestre WVD, do Nascimento SV, da Silva Valadares RB, de Oliveira GC, Santos RIN, Festucci-Buselli RA, Pinheiro HA. Coupling physiological analysis with proteomic profile to understand the photosynthetic responses of young Euterpe oleracea palms to drought. Photosynth Res 2019; 140:189-205. [PMID: 30357677 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether drought sensitivity in açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is associated with reductions in photosynthesis and increasing oxidative stress in response to down-regulation of proteins related to photosynthetic reactions, photorespiration, and antioxidant system. Well-watered (Control) and drought-stressed plants were compared when leaf water potential in stressed plants reached around - 1.5 and - 3.0 MPa, representing moderate and severe drought. Drought caused 84 and 96% decreases in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance. Stress-mediated changes in maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry were unobserved, but drought decreased photochemical quenching, actual quantum yield of PSII electron transport, and apparent electron transport rate (ETR). Moderate and severe drought induced, respectively, decreases and increases in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and 74 and 273% increases in ETR/Pn. Moderate drought down-regulated PSII protein D2, chlorophyll a-b binding protein 8, photosystem I reaction center subunit N, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase, and transketolase; while severe drought down-regulated LHC II proteins, ferredoxin-NADP reductase, ATP synthase subunits ε and ß, and carbonic anhydrase isoform X2. The glutamate-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 and glycine dehydrogenase were down-regulated upon moderate drought, while catalase 2 and glycine cleavage system H protein 3 were up-regulated. Severe drought up-regulated glycolate oxidase, glycine cleavage system H protein 3, and aminomethyl transferase, but most of photorespiration-related proteins were only found in control plants. Down-regulation of chaperones and antioxidant enzymes and increased lipid peroxidation in stressed plants were observed upon both stress severities. Therefore, the decreases in Pn and failure in preventing oxidative damages through adjustments in NPQ and photorespiration- and antioxidant-related proteins accounted for drought sensitivity in açaí.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Oliveira de Oliveira
- Instituto Sócioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, 66077-530, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Oliveira Correa
- Instituto Sócioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, 66077-530, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodolfo Inacio Nunes Santos
- Instituto Sócioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, 66077-530, Brazil
| | | | - Hugo Alves Pinheiro
- Instituto Sócioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, 66077-530, Brazil.
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Soares LASS, Faria D, Vélez-Garcia F, Vieira EM, Talora DC, Cazetta E. Implications of Habitat Loss on Seed Predation and Early Recruitment of a Keystone Palm in Anthropogenic Landscapes in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133540. [PMID: 26186339 PMCID: PMC4505908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss is the main driver of the loss of global biodiversity. Knowledge on this subject, however, is highly concentrated on species richness and composition patterns, with little discussion on the consequences of habitat loss for ecological interactions. Therefore, a systemic approach is necessary to maximize the success of conservation efforts by providing more realistic information about the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on natural environmental processes. We investigated the implications of habitat loss for the early recruitment of Euterpe edulis Martius, a keystone palm in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, in nine sampling sites located in landscapes with different percentages of forest cover (9%-83%). We conducted a paired experiment using E. Edulis seeds set up in experimental stations composed of a vertebrate exclosure versus an open treatment. We used ANCOVA models with treatments as factors to assess the influence of habitat loss on the number of germinated seeds, predation by vertebrates and invertebrates, infestation by fungi, and number of seedlings established. Habitat loss did not affect the probability of transition from a dispersed to a germinated seed. However, when seeds were protected from vertebrate removal, seedling recruitment showed a positive relationship with the amount of forest cover. Seed infestation by fungi was not significant, and seed predation was the main factor limiting seed recruitment. The loss of forest cover antagonistically affected the patterns of seed predation by vertebrates and invertebrates; predation by invertebrates was higher in less forested areas, and predation by vertebrates was higher in forested areas. When seeds were exposed to the action of all biotic mortality factors, the number of recruited seedlings was very low and unrelated to habitat loss. This result indicates that the opposite effects of seed predation by vertebrates and invertebrates mask a differential response of E. edulis recruitment to habitat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiza Aparecida S. S. Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Deborah Faria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Felipe Vélez-Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Emerson M. Vieira
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniela C. Talora
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Eliana Cazetta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Gatti MG, Campanello PI, Villagra M, Montti L, Goldstein G. Hydraulic architecture and photoinhibition influence spatial distribution of the arborescent palm Euterpe edulis in subtropical forests. Tree Physiol 2014; 34:630-639. [PMID: 24898220 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Physiological characteristics of saplings can be considered one of the most basic constraints on species distribution. The shade-tolerant arborescent palm Euterpe edulis Mart. is endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. At a local scale, saplings of this species growing in native forests are absent in gaps. We tested the hypothesis whether sensitivity to photoinhibition or hydraulic architecture constrains the distribution of E. edulis saplings in sun-exposed forest environments. Using shade houses and field studies, we evaluated growth, survival, hydraulic traits and the susceptibility of Photosystem II to photoinhibition in E. edulis saplings under different growth irradiances. Survival rates in exposed sites in the field were very low (a median of 7%). All saplings exhibited photoinhibition when exposed to high radiation levels, but acclimation to a high radiation environment increased the rate of recovery. Petiole hydraulic conductivity was similar across treatments regardless of whether it was expressed per petiole cross-sectional area or per leaf area. At the plant level, investment in conductive tissues relative to leaf area (Huber values) increased with increasing irradiance. Under high irradiance conditions, plants experienced leaf water potentials close to the turgor-loss point, and leaf hydraulic conductance decreased by 79% relative to its maximum value. Euterpe edulis saplings were able to adjust their photosynthetic traits to different irradiance conditions, whereas hydraulic characteristics at the leaf level did not change across irradiance treatments. Our results indicate that uncoupling between water demand and supply to leaves apparently associated with high resistances to water flow at leaf insertion points, in addition to small stems with low water storage capacity, weak stomatal control and high vulnerability of leaves to hydraulic dysfunction, are the main ecophysiological constraints that prevent the growth and survival of E. edulis saplings in gaps in the native forest where native lianas and bamboos show aggressive growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Genoveva Gatti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Dept Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Present address: IBS-Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Bertoni 85, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Paula I Campanello
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Dept Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Present address: IBS-Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Bertoni 85, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Mariana Villagra
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Dept Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Present address: IBS-Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Bertoni 85, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Lía Montti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Dept Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Present address: Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, CC 34, 4107 Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Goldstein
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Dept Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Biology, University of Miami, PO Box 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
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Bicudo MOP, Ribani RH, Beta T. Anthocyanins, phenolic acids and antioxidant properties of Juçara fruits (Euterpe edulis M.) along the on-tree ripening process. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2014; 69:142-147. [PMID: 24570272 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-014-0406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Juçara (Euterpe edulis M.) fruits are an interesting source of phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins, making them valuable to the food and pharmaceutical industries. Juçara fruits were harvested along the on-tree ripening process between March and June as practiced in Paraná state, Brazil and examined for their total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), total phenolic acid (TPA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAA). Overall, TAC increased (91.52-236.19 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent/100 g dm) whereas TPC (81.69-49.09 mg GAE/g dm) and TPA (44.27-30.95 mg/100 g dm) decreased during ripening of juçara fruits. Use of tandem mass spectrometry allowed the identification of cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-rutinoside for the first time in juçara fruits. The analysis of the phenolic acids by HPLC-MS/MS indicated the presence of gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, chlorogenic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, sinapinic and ferulic acids. The high antioxidant capacity using DPPH radical scavenging capacity (655.89-745.32 μmol TE/g dm) and ORAC assays (1088.10-2071.55 μmol TE/g dm) showed that juçara fruits have potential as a source of novel natural antioxidants for disease prevention and health promotion, and also as natural food additives for developing new functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Oliveira Pereira Bicudo
- Graduate Program in Food Engineer, Chemical Engineering Department, Paraná Federal University, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil,
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