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Glass SM, Reddish MJ, Child SA, Wilkey CJ, Stec DF, Guengerich FP. Characterization of human adrenal cytochrome P450 11B2 products of progesterone and androstenedione oxidation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 208:105787. [PMID: 33189850 PMCID: PMC7954869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450) 11B1 and 11B2 both catalyze the 11β-hydroxylation of 11-deoxycorticosterone and the subsequent 18-hydroxylation of the product. P450 11B2, but not P450 11B1, catalyzes a further C-18 oxidation to yield aldosterone. 11-Oxygenated androgens are of interest, and 11-hydroxy progesterone has been reported to be a precursor of these. Oxidation of progesterone by purified recombinant P450 11B2 yielded a mono-hydroxy derivative as the major product, and co-chromatography with commercial standards and 2-D NMR spectroscopy indicated 11β-hydroxylation. 18-Hydroxyprogesterone and a dihydroxyprogesterone were also formed. Similarly, oxidation of androstenedione by P450 11B2 yielded 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, 18-hydroxyandrostenedione, and a dihydroxyandrostenedione. The steady-state kinetic parameters for androstenedione and progesterone 11β-hydroxylation were similar to those reported for the classic substrate 11-deoxycorticosterone. The source of 11α-hydroxyprogesterone in humans remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Glass
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, United States
| | - Michael J Reddish
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, United States; Department of Chemistry and Fermentation Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, 28608, United States
| | - Stella A Child
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, United States
| | - Clayton J Wilkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, United States
| | - Donald F Stec
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37122, United States
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, United States.
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2
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Funabashi M, Grove TL, Wang M, Varma Y, McFadden ME, Brown LC, Guo C, Higginbottom S, Almo SC, Fischbach MA. A metabolic pathway for bile acid dehydroxylation by the gut microbiome. Nature 2020; 582:566-570. [PMID: 32555455 PMCID: PMC7319900 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota synthesize hundreds of molecules, many of which influence host physiology. Among the most abundant metabolites are the secondary bile acids deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), which accumulate at concentrations of around 500 μM and are known to block the growth of Clostridium difficile1, promote hepatocellular carcinoma2 and modulate host metabolism via the G-protein-coupled receptor TGR5 (ref. 3). More broadly, DCA, LCA and their derivatives are major components of the recirculating pool of bile acids4; the size and composition of this pool are a target of therapies for primary biliary cholangitis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nonetheless, despite the clear impact of DCA and LCA on host physiology, an incomplete knowledge of their biosynthetic genes and a lack of genetic tools to enable modification of their native microbial producers limit our ability to modulate secondary bile acid levels in the host. Here we complete the pathway to DCA and LCA by assigning and characterizing enzymes for each of the steps in its reductive arm, revealing a strategy in which the A-B rings of the steroid core are transiently converted into an electron acceptor for two reductive steps carried out by Fe-S flavoenzymes. Using anaerobic in vitro reconstitution, we establish that a set of six enzymes is necessary and sufficient for the eight-step conversion of cholic acid to DCA. We then engineer the pathway into Clostridium sporogenes, conferring production of DCA and LCA on a nonproducing commensal and demonstrating that a microbiome-derived pathway can be expressed and controlled heterologously. These data establish a complete pathway to two central components of the bile acid pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Funabashi
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Translational Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tyler L Grove
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yug Varma
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Molly E McFadden
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Laura C Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Chunjun Guo
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven Higginbottom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Michael A Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Zwick CR, Sosa MB, Renata H. Characterization of a Citrulline 4-Hydroxylase from Nonribosomal Peptide GE81112 Biosynthesis and Engineering of Its Substrate Specificity for the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Enduracididine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18854-18858. [PMID: 31610076 PMCID: PMC6917913 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The GE81112 tetrapeptides are a small family of unusual nonribosomal peptide congeners with potent inhibitory activity against prokaryotic translation initiation. With the exception of the 3-hydroxy-l-pipecolic acid unit, little is known about the biosynthetic origins of the non-proteinogenic amino acid monomers of the natural product family. Here, we elucidate the biogenesis of the 4-hydroxy-l-citrulline unit and establish the role of an iron- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent enzyme (Fe/αKG) in the pathway. Homology modelling and sequence alignment analysis further facilitate the rational engineering of this enzyme to become a specific 4-arginine hydroxylase. We subsequently demonstrate the utility of this engineered enzyme in the synthesis of a dipeptide fragment of the antibiotic enduracidin. This work highlights the value of applying a bioinformatics-guided approach in the discovery of novel enzymes and engineering of new catalytic activity into existing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R. Zwick
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Max B. Sosa
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
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Wang Y, Mei X, Liu Z, Li J, Zhang X, Lang S, Dai L, Zhang J. Drug Metabolite Cluster-Based Data-Mining Method for Comprehensive Metabolism Study of 5-hydroxy-6,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone in Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183278. [PMID: 31505804 PMCID: PMC6767304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The screening of drug metabolites in biological matrixes and structural characterization based on product ion spectra is among the most important, but also the most challenging due to the significant interferences from endogenous species. Traditionally, metabolite detection is accomplished primarily on the basis of predicted molecular masses or fragmentation patterns of prototype drug metabolites using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Although classical techniques are well-suited for achieving the partial characterization of prototype drug metabolites, there is a pressing need for a strategy to enable comprehensive drug metabolism depiction. Therefore, we present drug metabolite clusters (DMCs), different from, but complementary to, traditional approaches for mining the information regarding drugs and their metabolites on the basis of raw, processed, or identified tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data. In this paper, we describe a DMC-based data-mining method for the metabolite identification of 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone (HTF), a typical hydroxylated-polymethoxyflavonoid (OH-PMF), which addressed the challenge of creating a thorough metabolic profile. Consequently, eight primary metabolism clusters, sixteen secondary metabolism clusters, and five tertiary metabolism clusters were proposed and 106 metabolites (19 potential metabolites included) were detected and identified positively and tentatively. These metabolites were presumed to generate through oxidation (mono-oxidation, di-oxidation), methylation, demethylation, methoxylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, ring cleavage, and their composite reactions. In conclusion, our study expounded drug metabolites in rats and provided a reference for further research on therapeutic material basis and the mechanism of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaodan Mei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zihan Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jie Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shuang Lang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Long Dai
- School of Pharmacy, BIN ZHOU Medical University, Yantai 260040, China.
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
- School of Pharmacy, BIN ZHOU Medical University, Yantai 260040, China.
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Sevilla E, Yuste L, Moreno R, Rojo F. Differential expression of the three Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 genes coding for the P450 cytochromes involved in the assimilation of hydrocarbons. Environ Microbiol Rep 2017; 9:797-808. [PMID: 29052944 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcanivorax borkumensis, a marine bacterium highly specialized in degrading linear and branched alkanes, plays a key ecological role in the removal of marine oil spills. It contains several alternative enzyme systems for terminal hydroxylation of alkanes, including three P450 cytochromes (P450-1, P450-2 and P450-3). The present work shows cytochrome P450-1 to be expressed from the promoter of the upstream gene fdx. Promoter Pfdx was more active when C8 -C18 n-alkanes or pristane were assimilated than when pyruvate was available. The product of ABO_0199 (named CypR) was identified as a transcriptional activator of Pfdx . The inactivation of cypR impaired growth on tetradecane, showing the importance of the fdx-P450-1 and/or cypR genes. P450-2 expression was low-level and constitutive under all conditions tested, while that of P450-3 from promoter P450-3 was much higher when cells assimilated pristane than when n-alkanes or pyruvate were available. However, the inactivation of P450-3 had no visible impact on pristane assimilation. Cyo terminal oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain, was found to stimulate promoter PP450-3 activity, but it did not affect promoters Pfdx or PP450-2 . A. borkumensis, therefore, appears to carefully coordinate the expression of its multiple hydrocarbon degradation genes using both specific and global regulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sevilla
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Yuste
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Renata Moreno
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rojo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Sunnadeniya R, Bean A, Brown M, Akhavan N, Hatlestad G, Gonzalez A, Symonds VV, Lloyd A. Tyrosine Hydroxylation in Betalain Pigment Biosynthesis Is Performed by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Beets (Beta vulgaris). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149417. [PMID: 26890886 PMCID: PMC4758722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow and red-violet betalain plant pigments are restricted to several families in the order Caryophyllales, where betacyanins play analogous biological roles to anthocyanins. The initial step in betalain biosynthesis is the hydroxylation of tyrosine to form L-DOPA. Using gene expression experiments in beets, yeast, and Arabidopsis, along with HPLC/MS analysis, the present study shows that two novel cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, CYP76AD6 and CYP76AD5, and the previously described CYP76AD1 can perform this initial step. Co-expressing these CYP450s with DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase in yeast, and overexpression of these CYP450s in yellow beets show that CYP76AD1 efficiently uses L-DOPA leading to red betacyanins while CYP76AD6 and CYP76AD5 lack this activity. Furthermore, CYP76AD1 can complement yellow beetroots to red while CYP76AD6 and CYP76AD5 cannot. Therefore CYP76AD1 uniquely performs the beet R locus function and beets appear to be genetically redundant for tyrosine hydroxylation. These new functional data and ancestral character state reconstructions indicate that tyrosine hydroxylation alone was the most likely ancestral function of the CYP76AD alpha and beta groups and the ability to convert L-DOPA to cyclo-DOPA evolved later in the alpha group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Sunnadeniya
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander Bean
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matthew Brown
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Neda Akhavan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gregory Hatlestad
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - V. Vaughan Symonds
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Alan Lloyd
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Homan EP, Lietman C, Grafe I, Lennington J, Morello R, Napierala D, Jiang MM, Munivez EM, Dawson B, Bertin TK, Chen Y, Lua R, Lichtarge O, Hicks J, Weis MA, Eyre D, Lee BHL. Differential effects of collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation on skeletal tissues. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004121. [PMID: 24465224 PMCID: PMC3900401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the genes encoding cartilage associated protein (CRTAP) and prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 (P3H1 encoded by LEPRE1) were the first identified causes of recessive Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI). These proteins, together with cyclophilin B (encoded by PPIB), form a complex that 3-hydroxylates a single proline residue on the α1(I) chain (Pro986) and has cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) activity essential for proper collagen folding. Recent data suggest that prolyl 3-hydroxylation of Pro986 is not required for the structural stability of collagen; however, the absence of this post-translational modification may disrupt protein-protein interactions integral for proper collagen folding and lead to collagen over-modification. P3H1 and CRTAP stabilize each other and absence of one results in degradation of the other. Hence, hypomorphic or loss of function mutations of either gene cause loss of the whole complex and its associated functions. The relative contribution of losing this complex's 3-hydroxylation versus PPIase and collagen chaperone activities to the phenotype of recessive OI is unknown. To distinguish between these functions, we generated knock-in mice carrying a single amino acid substitution in the catalytic site of P3h1 (Lepre1H662A). This substitution abolished P3h1 activity but retained ability to form a complex with Crtap and thus the collagen chaperone function. Knock-in mice showed absence of prolyl 3-hydroxylation at Pro986 of the α1(I) and α1(II) collagen chains but no significant over-modification at other collagen residues. They were normal in appearance, had no growth defects and normal cartilage growth plate histology but showed decreased trabecular bone mass. This new mouse model recapitulates elements of the bone phenotype of OI but not the cartilage and growth phenotypes caused by loss of the prolyl 3-hydroxylation complex. Our observations suggest differential tissue consequences due to selective inactivation of P3H1 hydroxylase activity versus complete ablation of the prolyl 3-hydroxylation complex. The prolyl 3-hydroxylase complex serves to hydroxylate a single residue in type I collagen and also serves as a collagen chaperone. The complex is comprised of prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1, cartilage associated protein, and cyclophilin B. Mutations have been identified in the genes encoding the complex members in patients with recessive Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Recent data suggest that prolyl 3-hydroxylation of collagen does not alter the stability of collagen but may rather mediate protein-protein interactions. Additionally, the collagen chaperoning function of the complex is an important rate limiting step in the modification of type I collagen. Irrespective of whether patients with mutations in the genes encoding the members of the prolyl 3-hydroxylase complex have hypomorphic or complete loss of function alleles, either circumstance leads to the loss of both functions of the prolyl 3-hydroxylase complex. Thus, it is unknown how collagen chaperoning and/or hydroxylation affect bone and cartilage homeostasis. In this study, we generated a mouse model lacking the prolyl 3-hydroxylation activity of the complex while maintaining the chaperoning function. We found that the hydroxylase mutant mice have normal cartilage and normal cortical bone but decreased trabecular bone, suggesting that there is a differential requirement for hydroxylation in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica P. Homan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Caressa Lietman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ingo Grafe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Lennington
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roy Morello
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Dobrawa Napierala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elda M. Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brian Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Terry K. Bertin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rhonald Lua
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Olivier Lichtarge
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mary Ann Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brendan H. L. Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gao L, He Y, Tang J, Yin J, Huang Z, Liu F, Ouyang D, Chen X, Zhang W, Liu Z, Zhou H. Genetic Variants of Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) and CYP2B6 Affect the Induction of Bupropion Hydroxylation by Sodium Ferulate. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62489. [PMID: 23840296 PMCID: PMC3686783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study investigated the effects of pregnane X receptor (PXR/NR1I2) and CYP2B6 genetic variants on sodium ferulate (SF)-mediated induction of bupropion hydroxylation. The pharmacokinetics of bupropion and hydroxybupropion were evaluated after an oral dose of bupropion (150 mg) administered with and without SF pretreatment for 14 days in 33 healthy subjects. The area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) ratio of AUC_hyd (AUC(0-∞) of hydroxybupropion)/AUC_bup (AUC(0-∞) of bupropion) represents the CYP2B6 hydroxylation activity, which was significantly lower in CYP2B6*6 carriers (NR1I2 TGT noncarriers or carriers) than in noncarriers in both the basal and SF-induced states (p-value<0.05). AUC ratio and AUC_hyd of NR1I2 -24113AA variant were markedly lower than GA and GG genotypes (7.5±2.1 versus 14.5±3.3 and 20.6±1.1, and 8873±1431 versus 14,504±2218 and 17,586±1046) in the induced states. However, -24020(-)/(-) variant didn't show significant difference in the induction of CYP2B6 hydroxylation activity by SF compared with other -24020[GAGAAG]/(-) genotypes. NR1I2 TGT haplotype (-25385T+g.7635G+g.8055T) carriers exhibited a significantly decreased AUC ratio, compared with TGT noncarriers, in the basal states (7.6±1.0 versus 9.7±1.0), while this result wasn't observed in CYP2B6*6 noncarriers. Moreover, individuals with complete mutation-type [CYP2B6*6/*6+NR1I2 TGT+ -24113AA+ -24020 (-)/(-)] showed even lower percent difference of AUC ratio (8.7±1.2 versus 39.5±8.2) than those with complete wild-type. In conclusion, it is suggested that NR1I2 variants decrease the bupropion hydroxylation induced by SF treatment, particularly in CYP2B6*6 carriers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR.org ChiCTR-TRC-11001285.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Gao
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yijing He
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jie Tang
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiye Yin
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengyu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fangqun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dongsheng Ouyang
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
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9
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Kaufmann M, Prosser DE, Jones G. Bioengineering anabolic vitamin D-25-hydroxylase activity into the human vitamin D catabolic enzyme, cytochrome P450 CYP24A1, by a V391L mutation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:28729-28737. [PMID: 21697097 PMCID: PMC3190681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.236679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP24A1 is a mitochondrial cytochrome P450 (CYP) that catabolizes 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1α,25-(OH)(2)D(3)) to different products: calcitroic acid or 1α,25-(OH)(2)D(3)-26,23-lactone via multistep pathways commencing with C24 and C23 hydroxylation, respectively. Despite the ability of CYP24A1 to catabolize a wide range of 25-hydroxylated analogs including 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3), the enzyme is unable to metabolize the synthetic prodrug, 1α-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (1α-OH-D(3)), presumably because it lacks a C25-hydroxyl. In the current study we show that a single V391L amino acid substitution in the β3a-strand of human CYP24A1 converts this enzyme from a catabolic 1α,25-(OH)(2)D(3)-24-hydroxylase into an anabolic 1α-OH-D(3)-25-hydroxylase, thereby forming the hormone, 1α,25-(OH)(2)D(3). Furthermore, because the mutant enzyme retains its basal ability to catabolize 1α,25-(OH)(2)D(3) via C24 hydroxylation, it can also make calcitroic acid. Previous work has shown that an A326G mutation is responsible for the regioselectivity differences observed between human (primarily C24-hydroxylating) and opossum (C23-hydroxylating) CYP24A1. When the V391L and A326G mutations were combined (V391L/A326G), the mutant enzyme continued to form 1α,25-(OH)(2)D(3) from 1α-OH-D(3), but this initial product was diverted via the C23 hydroxylation pathway into the 26,23-lactone. The relative position of Val-391 in the β3a-strand of a homology model and the crystal structure of rat CYP24A1 is consistent with hydrophobic contact of Val-391 and the substrate side chain near C21. We interpret that the substrate specificity of V391L-modified human CYP24A1 toward 1α-OH-D(3) is enabled by an altered contact with the substrate side chain that optimally positions C25 of the 1α-OH-D(3) above the heme for hydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaufmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - David E Prosser
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Glenville Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6.
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Varela NM, Quiñones LA, Orellana M, Poniachik J, Csendes A, Smok G, Rodrigo R, Cáceres DD, Videla LA. Study of cytochrome P450 2E1 and its allele variants in liver injury of nondiabetic, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis obese women. Biol Res 2008; 41:81-92. [PMID: 18769766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP2E1 enzyme is related to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) due to its ability for reactive oxygen species production, which can be influenced by polymorphisms in the gene. The aim of this study was to investigate hepatic levels, activity, and polymorphisms of the CYP2E1 gene to correlate it with clinical and histological features in 48 female obese NASH patients. Subjects were divided into three groups: (i) normal; (ii) steatosis; and (iii) steatohepatitis. CYP2E1 protein level was assayed in microsomes from liver biopsies, and in vivo chlorzoxazone hydroxylation was determined by HPLC. Genomic DNA was isolated for genotype analysis through PCR. The results showed that liver CYP2E1 content was significantly higher in the steatohepatitis (45%; p=0.024) and steatosis (22%; p=0.032) group compared with normal group. Chlorzoxazone hydroxylase activity showed significant enhancement in the steatohepatitis group (15%, p=0.027) compared with the normal group. c2 rare allele of RsallPstl polymorphisms but no C allele of Dral polymorphism was positively associated with CHZ hydroxylation, which in turn is correlated with liver CYP2E1 content (r=0.59; p=0.026). In conclusion, c2 allele is positively associated with liver injury in NASH. This allele may determine a higher transcriptional activity of the gene, with consequent enhancement in pro-oxidant activity of CYP2E1 thus affording liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson M Varela
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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