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Águila-Gordo D, Manuel Flores-Barragán J, Ferragut-Lloret F, Portela-Gutierrez J, LaRosa-Salas B, Porras-Leal L, Carlos Villa Guzmán J. Acute myelitis and SARS-CoV-2 infection. A new etiology of myelitis? J Clin Neurosci 2020; 80:280-281. [PMID: 33099361 PMCID: PMC7525324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The etiological agent of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread worldwide leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to recognize it not only as a pandemic but also as an important thread to public health. Beyond respiratory symptoms, new neurological manifestations are being identified such as headache, ageusia, anosmia, encephalitis or acute cerebrovascular disease. Here we report the case of an acute transverse myelitis (TM) in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection detected by the nasopharyngeal swab technique but not in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and varicella-zoster IgM antibodies were not detected in serum samples and spinal and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no abnormal findings. This case remarks that COVID-19 nervous system damage could be caused by immune-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Águila-Gordo
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Obispo Torija s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Mishra N, Ng TFF, Marine RL, Jain K, Ng J, Thakkar R, Caciula A, Price A, Garcia JA, Burns JC, Thakur KT, Hetzler KL, Routh JA, Konopka-Anstadt JL, Nix WA, Tokarz R, Briese T, Oberste MS, Lipkin WI. Antibodies to Enteroviruses in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Acute Flaccid Myelitis. mBio 2019; 10:e01903-19. [PMID: 31409689 PMCID: PMC6692520 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01903-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) has caused motor paralysis in >560 children in the United States since 2014. The temporal association of enterovirus (EV) outbreaks with increases in AFM cases and reports of fever, respiratory, or gastrointestinal illness prior to AFM in >90% of cases suggest a role for infectious agents. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 14 AFM and 5 non-AFM patients with central nervous system (CNS) diseases in 2018 were investigated by viral-capture high-throughput sequencing (VirCapSeq-VERT system). These CSF and serum samples, as well as multiple controls, were tested for antibodies to human EVs using peptide microarrays. EV RNA was confirmed in CSF from only 1 adult AFM case and 1 non-AFM case. In contrast, antibodies to EV peptides were present in CSF of 11 of 14 AFM patients (79%), significantly higher than controls, including non-AFM patients (1/5 [20%]), children with Kawasaki disease (0/10), and adults with non-AFM CNS diseases (2/11 [18%]) (P = 0.023, 0.0001, and 0.0028, respectively). Six of 14 CSF samples (43%) and 8 of 11 sera (73%) from AFM patients were immunoreactive to an EV-D68-specific peptide, whereas the three control groups were not immunoreactive in either CSF (0/5, 0/10, and 0/11; P = 0.008, 0.0003, and 0.035, respectively) or sera (0/2, 0/8, and 0/5; P = 0.139, 0.002, and 0.009, respectively).IMPORTANCE The presence in cerebrospinal fluid of antibodies to EV peptides at higher levels than non-AFM controls supports the plausibility of a link between EV infection and AFM that warrants further investigation and has the potential to lead to strategies for diagnosis and prevention of disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Central Nervous System Viral Diseases/blood
- Central Nervous System Viral Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid
- Child
- Enterovirus D, Human/genetics
- Enterovirus D, Human/immunology
- Enterovirus D, Human/isolation & purification
- Enterovirus Infections/blood
- Enterovirus Infections/cerebrospinal fluid
- Female
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myelitis/blood
- Myelitis/cerebrospinal fluid
- Neuromuscular Diseases/blood
- Neuromuscular Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid
- Protein Array Analysis
- RNA, Viral/blood
- RNA, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Nischay Mishra
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Terry Fei Fan Ng
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rachel L Marine
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Komal Jain
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - James Ng
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Riddhi Thakkar
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adrian Caciula
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam Price
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joel A Garcia
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jane C Burns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kiran T Thakur
- Division of Critical Care and Hospitalist Neurology, Department of Neurology, Columbia Irving University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kimbell L Hetzler
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Janell A Routh
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - W Allan Nix
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rafal Tokarz
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - M Steven Oberste
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Liu Z, Huang Q, Li H, Qiu W, Chen B, Luo J, Yang H, Liu T, Liu S, Xu H, Long Y, Gao C. Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibody in a Patient with Myelitis: A Retrospective Study. Neuroimmunomodulation 2018; 25:68-72. [PMID: 30048975 DOI: 10.1159/000490530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the positive rate of serum glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibody in patients with myelitis and to describe the clinical findings in patients with positive GAD antibody. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 390 patients with myelitis, including 210 patients positive for aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody and 180 patients negative for AQP4. GAD65 antibody was measured by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS Only 1 serum and cerebral spinal fluid sample from 390 patients (0.26%) was positive for anti-GAD antibodies. The patient was a female with relapsing myelitis and a thymic mass. Thymic resection was undertaken, and pathological examination revealed a benign thymic cyst. Extensive infiltration of lymphocytes positive for CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD20 was found. Immunohistochemistry showed positive expression of GAD65 in the cyst. CONCLUSIONS Although serum GAD65 antibodies were present in a patient, it is not recommended to routinely screen for GAD65 antibodies in patients with myelitis because of their rare occurrence. However, screening for GAD65 antibodies should be considered in patients who have been diagnosed with cancer or a thymic abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baikeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Luo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huacai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianni Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiming Xu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youming Long
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangzhou, China
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Olah I, Fukumori LMI, Montanheiro P, Vergara MP, Smid J, Duarte AJS, Penalva de Oliveira AC, Casseb J. Patterns of In vitro Lymphoproliferative Responses Among HTLV-1-infected Subjects: Upregulation by HTLV-1 During HIV-1 Co-infection. Scand J Immunol 2007; 65:577-80. [PMID: 17523951 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the in vitro response to different mitogens and a candidin antigen (CMA) in Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and co-infected HIV-1/HTLV-1 patients, to identify if this co-infection may modify the spontaneous lymph proliferative response. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 72 healthy seronegative controls, 75 asymptomatic HTLV-1-infected carriers, 42 HAM/TSP cases, 33 solely HIV-1-infected subjects and 24 HIV-1/HTLV-1 patients were assayed in the presence and absence of mitogens (PHA, PWM and OKT3) and CMA. The HAM/TSP group had the highest proliferation rate at 3 and 6 days after culture. HAM/TSP cases showed decreased response to PHA, compared with asymptomatic HTLV-1 subjects, and most important, the co-infected HIV-1/HTLV-1 cases presented a similar response to HTLV-1-infected subjects after 3 days of culture. The singles HIV-1-infected group had decreased in vitro response. It appears that during co-infection, the HTLV-1 regulatory proteins overwhelm the action of HIV-1 regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Olah
- Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - FMUSP, Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A sensitive method to detect intrathecal IgG production is important in diagnosing inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE To compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) electrophoresis with isoelectric focusing (IEF), immunofixation-peroxidase electrophoresis (IFPE) and high-resolution agarose electrophoresis with protein-staining (HRAGE). METHODS Paired serum and CSF samples from 307 consecutive patients attending a general neurology clinic were examined with IEF, IFPE and HRAGE. Clinical diagnosis was based on review of the patients' medical records after an average of 4 years. RESULTS The sensitivity for detecting any inflammatory (autoimmune or infectious) CNS disease (52 patients) was 67% for IEF, 50% for IFPE and 29% for HRAGE. The sensitivity for detecting MS (14 patients) was 93%, 86% and 29% respectively. The sensitivity for detecting clinically isolated syndrome (eight patients) was 75%, 25% and 13% respectively. The number of oligoclonal bands in IEF was higher in inflammatory than in non-inflammatory neurological diseases or symptoms, but similar in MS and other inflammatory diseases. CONCLUSION IEF is the method of choice in diagnosing intrathecal IgG synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mygland
- Department of Neurology, Sørlandet Sykehus, Kristiansand, Norway.
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Ramirez C, de Seze J, Delalande S, Michelin E, Ferriby D, Al Khedr A, Stojkovic T, Destée A, Vermersch P. [Infectious myelopathies: clinical, serological, and prognostic patterns]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2005; 160:1048-58. [PMID: 15602347 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(04)71142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serological confirmation of an infectious acute myelitis injury is difficult to confirm as it is sometimes due to a post-infectious etiology. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to define the clinical, biological and prognostic patterns of infectious myelitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 153 subjects hospitalized in the department of neurology between 1993 and 2002 for treatment of a noncompressive acute myelopathy. Biological confirmation of recent infection was obtained in 12 patients (8 p. 100). RESULTS An infectious syndrome, beginning prior to the neurological symptoms, was found in 67 percent of patients. The clinical symptoms were severe with loss of sensoromotor and sphincter functions and ascending spinal cord dysfunction (acute transverse myelopathy). Spinal cord MRI showed extended centromedullar high intensity signals with rapid and complete regression. CSF analysis cell count was above 30/mm3 with hyperproteinorachia, in 75 percent and 58 percent of patients respectively. CSF electrophoresis did not detect oligoclonal bands. Clinical outcome was good in all patients except one, however sphincter disorders recovered slowly. DISCUSSION Our study illustrates a stereotypical clinical, biological and prognostic pattern for infectious acute myelitis. These findings contribute significantly to therapeutic decision making and establishing prognosis at the initial phase of acute myelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ramirez
- Clinique Neurologique, Hôpital R. Salengro, CHRU, Lille
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7
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Murai H, Arahata H, Osoegawa M, Ochi H, Minohara M, Taniwaki T, Tobimatsu S, Mihara F, Tsuruta Y, Inaba S, Kira JI. Effect of immunotherapy in myelitis with atopic diathesis. J Neurol Sci 2005; 227:39-47. [PMID: 15546590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2004.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2004] [Revised: 08/06/2004] [Accepted: 08/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A recent nationwide survey of myelitis with atopic diathesis in Japan disclosed that the disease frequently shows a chronic persistent course. A neuropathological study of the spinal cord also revealed chronic active inflammation. Since the effects of various immunotherapies have not been studied extensively in this condition, we evaluated the efficacies of various immunotherapies in patients with myelitis with atopic diathesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-two treatments in 26 patients with myelitis with atopic diathesis were retrospectively analyzed. One of the following therapies was administered: (1) corticosteroids (CS) (pulse therapy followed by oral administration with gradual tapering); (2) intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (400 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days); (3) plasma exchanges (PE); or (4) PE followed by IVIG or CS (PE+IVIG/CS). The therapeutic efficacies were evaluated by thorough neurological examination and laboratory tests including MRI, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs). RESULTS Objective neurological findings improved in 89% of the PE group and 90% of the PE+IVIG/CS group, compared with only 72% of the CS and 60% of the IVIG groups. Improvement determined by laboratory tests was seen in 57% of the PE and 57% of the PE+IVIG/CS groups, compared with only 15% of the CS and none of the IVIG groups. Thus, the improvement rate determined by laboratory tests was significantly greater for therapies including PE than for those without PE (p=0.0187). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that immunotherapy is effective in myelitis with atopic diathesis despite a chronic persistent course, and that PE is the most beneficial immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Murai
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Abstract
We report a rare case of mumps myelitis in which parotid swelling appeared 3 days after the symptoms of myelitis. A 10-year-old boy presented with acute paraplegia of grade I-II on MRC (Medical Research Council) scale and retention of urine with normal sensations. Central motor conduction to tibialis anterior (CMCT-TA) on the right side was 32 ms and 24 ms on the left side. Spinal MRI revealed hyperintense signal changes extending from C3 to T12. After 5 days of methylprednisolone therapy, there was marked improvement in weakness, micturition normalized and CMCT-TA also returned to normal. MRI repeated after 1 month was also normal. This response seems to be due to antiedema and to the antiinflammatory effect of methylprednisolone, because of a temporal relationship between MPS and clinical improvement. However, the possibility of natural recovery cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bansal
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Thiele J, Holgado S, Choritz H, Georgii A. Density distribution and size of megakaryocytes in inflammatory reactions of the bone marrow (myelitis) and chronic myeloproliferative diseases. Scand J Haematol 1983; 31:329-41. [PMID: 6578591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1983.tb00661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Morphometric evaluation was performed on semi-thin sections of core biopsies of the bone marrow and included 20 cases of each group of diseases besides control specimens. (i) Hyperergic myelitis of rheumatic origin. (ii) Chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL). (iii) Polycythaemia vera (P. vera). (iv) Chronic megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis (CMGM). (v) Myelofibrosis or osteomyelosclerosis (MF/OMS). The following classification of megakaryopoiesis was applied: normal megakaryocytes; giant forms; microforms; intussusceptions; cytoplasmic fragments; naked nuclei. The density distribution shows an increase of megakaryocyte number in those 5 different marrow disorders, ranging from about 13/mm2 in the normal sample up to 65 cells/mm2 in MF/OMS. Microforms are most frequently encountered in CGL, whereas giant megakaryocytes, intussusceptions and many cytoplasmic fragments characterize P. vera, CMGM and MF/OMS. Our measurements suggests 3 distinct categories of bone marrow lesions with corresponding alterations of the megakaryopoiesis: (i) myelitis and CGL; (ii) P. vera; (iii) CMGM and MF/OMS.
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Dische S, Martin WM, Anderson P. Radiation myelopathy in patients treated for carcinoma of bronchus using a six fraction regime of radiotherapy. Br J Radiol 1981; 54:29-35. [PMID: 7448497 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-54-637-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The adoption of a six-fraction regime of radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced carcinoma of the bronchus was followed by the appearance of radiation myelitis in eight cases. These were among a group of 130 patients given radiotherapy with anterior and posterior treatment fields, without shielding of the spinal cord. Radiation myelitis was found only in those where the calculated spinal-cord dose exceeded 3350 cGy (rad). The possible precipitating factors in the eight patients who suffered myelopathy were compared with those in the remaining 62 patients who also received spinal-cord doses calculated to be greater than 3350 cGy (rad). Only one difference was found--the haemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in those who suffered neuropathy compared with those who did not (P = 0.05).
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Tamura Z, Yoshioka M, Imanari T, Fukaya J, Kusaka J. Identification of green pigment and analysis of clioquinol in specimens from patients with subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy. Clin Chim Acta 1973; 47:13-20. [PMID: 4270607 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(73)90052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Craig CP, Nahmias AJ. Different patterns of neurologic involvement with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2: isolation of herpes simplex virus type 2 from the buffy coat of two adults with meningitis. J Infect Dis 1973; 127:365-72. [PMID: 4348495 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/127.4.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Kawano K, Kaniwa S, Kawai T, Tsuchiya T, Kataoka K. [Mass spectrographic analysis of micro-constituents of the serum in SMON patient]. Rinsho Byori 1971; 19:Suppl:202-3. [PMID: 5167923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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