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Shim DW, Cho HJ, Hwang I, Jung TY, Kim HS, Ryu JH, Yu JW. Intracellular NAD+ Depletion Confers a Priming Signal for NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:765477. [PMID: 34987507 PMCID: PMC8722528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.765477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important cofactor in many redox and non-redox NAD+-consuming enzyme reactions. Intracellular NAD+ level steadily declines with age, but its role in the innate immune potential of myeloid cells remains elusive. In this study, we explored whether NAD+ depletion by FK866, a highly specific inhibitor of the NAD salvage pathway, can affect pattern recognition receptor-mediated responses in macrophages. NAD+-depleted mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) exhibited similar levels of proinflammatory cytokine production in response to LPS or poly (I:C) stimulation compared with untreated cells. Instead, FK866 facilitated robust caspase-1 activation in BMDMs in the presence of NLRP3-activating signals such as ATP and nigericin, a potassium ionophore. However, this FK866-mediated caspase-1 activation was completely abolished in Nlrp3-deficient macrophages. FK866 plus nigericin stimulation caused an NLRP3-dependent assembly of inflammasome complex. In contrast, restoration of NAD+ level by supplementation with nicotinamide mononucleotide abrogated the FK866-mediated caspase-1 cleavage. FK866 did not induce or increase the expression levels of NLRP3 and interleukin (IL)-1β but drove mitochondrial retrograde transport into the perinuclear region. FK866-nigericin-induced mitochondrial transport is critical for caspase-1 cleavage in macrophages. Consistent with the in vitro experiments, intradermal coinjection of FK866 and ATP resulted in robust IL-1β expression and caspase-1 activation in the skin of wild-type, but not Nlrp3-deficient mice. Collectively, our data suggest that NAD+ depletion provides a non-transcriptional priming signal for NLRP3 activation via mitochondrial perinuclear clustering, and aging-associated NAD+ decline can trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation in ATP-rich environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Wan Shim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Joung Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inhwa Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taek-Yeol Jung
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Hee Ryu
- Theragnosis Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Wook Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Je-Wook Yu,
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Heer CD, Sanderson DJ, Voth LS, Alhammad YMO, Schmidt MS, Trammell SAJ, Perlman S, Cohen MS, Fehr AR, Brenner C. Coronavirus infection and PARP expression dysregulate the NAD metabolome: An actionable component of innate immunity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17986-17996. [PMID: 33051211 PMCID: PMC7834058 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) superfamily members covalently link either a single ADP-ribose (ADPR) or a chain of ADPR units to proteins using NAD as the source of ADPR. Although the well-known poly(ADP-ribosylating) (PARylating) PARPs primarily function in the DNA damage response, many noncanonical mono(ADP-ribosylating) (MARylating) PARPs are associated with cellular antiviral responses. We recently demonstrated robust up-regulation of several PARPs following infection with murine hepatitis virus (MHV), a model coronavirus. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection strikingly up-regulates MARylating PARPs and induces the expression of genes encoding enzymes for salvage NAD synthesis from nicotinamide (NAM) and nicotinamide riboside (NR), while down-regulating other NAD biosynthetic pathways. We show that overexpression of PARP10 is sufficient to depress cellular NAD and that the activities of the transcriptionally induced enzymes PARP7, PARP10, PARP12 and PARP14 are limited by cellular NAD and can be enhanced by pharmacological activation of NAD synthesis. We further demonstrate that infection with MHV induces a severe attack on host cell NAD+ and NADP+ Finally, we show that NAMPT activation, NAM, and NR dramatically decrease the replication of an MHV that is sensitive to PARP activity. These data suggest that the antiviral activities of noncanonical PARP isozyme activities are limited by the availability of NAD and that nutritional and pharmacological interventions to enhance NAD levels may boost innate immunity to coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin D Heer
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Daniel J Sanderson
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Lynden S Voth
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Yousef M O Alhammad
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Mark S Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael S Cohen
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Anthony R Fehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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Zhang J, Tao J, Ling Y, Li F, Zhu X, Xu L, Wang M, Zhang S, McCall CE, Liu TF. Switch of NAD Salvage to de novo Biosynthesis Sustains SIRT1-RelB-Dependent Inflammatory Tolerance. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2358. [PMID: 31681271 PMCID: PMC6797595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A typical inflammatory response sequentially progresses from pro-inflammatory, immune suppressive to inflammatory repairing phases. Although the physiological inflammatory response resolves in time, severe acute inflammation usually sustains immune tolerance and leads to high mortality, yet the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Here, using the leukemia-derived THP-1 human monocytes, healthy and septic human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), we report that endotoxin dose-dependent switch of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis pathways sustain immune tolerant status. Low dose endotoxin triggered nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)-dependent NAD salvage activity to adapt pro-inflammation. In contrast, high dose endotoxin drove a shift of NAD synthesis pathway from early NAMPT-dependent NAD salvage to late indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1)-dependent NAD de novo biosynthesis, leading to persistent immune suppression. This is resulted from the IDO1-dependent expansion of nuclear NAD pool and nuclear NAD-dependent prolongation of sirtuin1 (SIRT1)-directed epigenetics of immune tolerance. Inhibition of IDO1 activity predominantly decreased nuclear NAD level, which promoted sequential dissociations of immunosuppressive SIRT1 and RelB from the promoter of pro-inflammatory TNF-α gene and broke endotoxin tolerance. Thus, NAMPT-NAD-SIRT1 axis adapts pro-inflammation, but IDO1-NAD-SIRT1-RelB axis sustains endotoxin tolerance during acute inflammatory response. Remarkably, in contrast to the prevention of sepsis death of animal model by IDO1 inhibition before sepsis initiation, we demonstrated that the combination therapy of IDO1 inhibition by 1-methyl-D-tryptophan (1-MT) and tryptophan supplementation rather than 1-MT administration alone after sepsis onset rescued sepsis animals, highlighting the translational significance of tryptophan restoration in IDO1 targeting therapy of severe inflammatory diseases like sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpu Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Infection Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Critical Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Li Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Critical Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Charles E. McCall
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Tie Fu Liu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Nakano T, Goto S, Takaoka Y, Tseng HP, Fujimura T, Kawamoto S, Ono K, Chen CL. A novel moonlight function of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) for immunomodulation. Biofactors 2018; 44:597-608. [PMID: 28753256 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an energy metabolism-related enzyme, which generates NADH in glycolysis. Our previous study revealed a novel role of exogenous GAPDH in the amelioration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis-related, severe acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Here, we show the effect of extracellular GAPDH on the physiological functions of macrophages, which play an important role in the onset of sepsis and ALI. GAPDH has no effect on cell viability, while it strongly suppressed cell adhesion, spreading, and phagocytic function of LPS-stimulated macrophages. GAPDH treatment significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, while it induced interleukin (IL)-10 production from LPS-stimulated macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. It is noteworthy that heat inactivation of GAPDH lost its immunomodulatory activity. Correspondingly, NADH significantly inhibited TNF-α and enhanced IL-10 production with elevation of both M1/M2 macrophage markers. These data suggest that extracellular GAPDH induces intermediate M1/M2 macrophages for termination of inflammation, partly through its enzyme activity for generation of NADH. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(6):597-608, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Nakano
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Liver Transplantation Center and Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Immunology, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Shigeru Goto
- Liver Transplantation Center and Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Immunology, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Nobeoka Medical Check Center, Fukuoka Institution of Occupational Health, 2-1-5 Atagomachi, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-0872, Japan
- Basic Medical Science of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Nursing, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba 283-8555, Japan
| | - Yuki Takaoka
- Liver Transplantation Center and Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Immunology, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Peng Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Liver Transplantation Center and Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Immunology, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Fujimura
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Kawamoto
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ono
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chao-Long Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center and Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Immunology, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Gogna N, Sharma R, Gupta V, Dorai K, Prasad NG. Evolution of the metabolome in response to selection for increased immunity in populations of Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188089. [PMID: 29149207 PMCID: PMC5693281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We used NMR-based metabolomics to test two hypotheses–(i) there will be evolved differences in the metabolome of selected and control populations even under un-infected conditions and (ii) post infection, the metabolomes of the selected and control populations will respond differently. We selected replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster for increased survivorship (I) against a gram-negative pathogen. We subjected the selected (I) and their control populations (S) to three different treatments: (1) infected with heat-killed bacteria (i), (2) sham infected (s), and (3) untreated (u). We performed 1D and 2D NMR experiments to identify the metabolic differences. Multivariate analysis of the metabolic profiles of the untreated (Iu and Su) flies yielded higher concentrations of lipids, organic acids, sugars, amino acids, NAD and AMP in the Iu treatment as compared to the Su treatment, showing that even in the absence of infection, the metabolome of the I and S regimes was different. In the S and I regimes, post infection/injury, concentration of metabolites directly or indirectly associated with energy related pathways (lipids, organic acids, sugars) declined while the concentration of metabolites that are probably associated with immune response (amino acids) increased. However, in most cases, the I regime flies had a higher concentration of such metabolites even under un-infected conditions. The change in the metabolite concentration upon infection/injury was not always comparable between I and S regimes (in case of lactate, alanine, leucine, lysine, threonine) indicating that the I and S regimes had evolved to respond differentially to infection and to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Gogna
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research IISER, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research IISER, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Vanika Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research IISER, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kavita Dorai
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research IISER, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - N. G. Prasad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research IISER, Mohali, Punjab, India
- * E-mail:
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Buelow B, Song Y, Scharenberg AM. The Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP-1 is required for oxidative stress-induced TRPM2 activation in lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:24571-83. [PMID: 18599483 PMCID: PMC3259813 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802673200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPM2 cation channels are widely expressed in the immune system and are thought to play a role in immune cell responses to oxidative stress. Patch clamp analyses suggest that TRPM2 channel activation can occur through a direct action of oxidants on TRPM2 channels or indirectly through the actions of a related group of adenine nucleotide 2nd messengers. However, the contribution of each gating mechanism to oxidative stress-induced TRPM2 activation in lymphocytes remains undefined. To better understand the molecular events leading to TRPM2 activation in lymphocytes, we analyzed oxidative stress-induced turnover of intracellular NAD, the metabolic precursor of adenine nucleotide 2nd messengers implicated in TRPM2 gating, and oxidative stress-induced TRPM2-mediated currents and Ca2+ transients in DT40 B cells. TRPM2-dependent Ca2+ entry did not influence the extent or time course of oxidative stress-induced turnover of NAD. Furthermore, expression of oxidative stress-activated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) was required for oxidative stress-induced NAD turnover, TRPM2 currents, and TRPM2-dependent Ca2+ transients; no oxidant-induced activation of TRPM2 channels could be detected in PARP-deficient cells. Together, our results suggest that during conditions of oxidative stress in lymphocytes, TRPM2 acts as a downstream effector of the PARP/poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase pathway through PARP-dependent formation of ADP-ribose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Buelow
- Department of Pediatrics and Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98103, USA
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Abstract
Cells at the maternal-fetal interface express indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) to consume all local tryptophan for the express purpose of starving adjacent maternal T cells of this most limiting and essential amino acid. This stops local T cell proliferation to ultimately result in the most dramatic example of immune tolerance, acceptance of the fetus. By contrast, inhibition of IDO using 1-methyl-tryptophan causes a sudden catastrophic rejection of the mammalian fetus. Immunomodulatory factors including IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL-1, and LPS use IDO induction in responsive antigen presenting cells (APCs) also to transmit tolerogenic signals to T cells. Thus it makes sense to consider IDO induction towards tolerance for autoimmune diseases in general. Approaches to cell specific therapeutic IDO induction with NAD precursor supplementation to prevent the collateral non-T cell pathogenesis due to chronic TNFalpha-IDO activated tryptophan depletion in autoimmune diseases are reviewed. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid most immediately because it is the only precursor for the endogenous biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Both autoimmune disease and the NAD deficiency disease pellagra occur in women at greater than twice the frequency of occurrence in men. The importance of IDO dysregulation manifest as autoimmune pellagric dementia is genetically illustrated for Nasu-Hakola Disease (or PLOSL), which is caused by a mutation in the IDO antagonizing genes TYROBP/DAP12 or TREM2. Loss of function leads to psychotic symptoms rapidly progressing to presenile dementia likely due to unchecked increases in microglial IDO expression, which depletes neurons of tryptophan causing neurodegeneration. Administration of NAD precursors rescued entire mental hospitals of dementia patients literally overnight in the 1930's and NAD precursors should help Nasu-Hakola patients as well. NAD depletion mediated by peroxynitrate PARP1 activation is one of the few established mechanisms of necrosis. Chronic elevation of TNFalpha leading to necrotic events by NAD depletion in autoimmune disease likely occurs via combination of persistent IDO activation and iNOS-peroxynitrate activation of PARP1 both of which deplete NAD. Pharmacological doses of NAD precursors repeatedly provide dramatic therapeutic benefit for rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, colitis, other autoimmune diseases, and schizophrenia in either the clinic or animal models. Collectively these observations support the idea that autoimmune disease may in part be considered as localized pellagra manifesting symptoms particular to the inflamed target tissues. Thus pharmacological doses of NAD precursors (nicotinic acid/niacin, nicotinamide/niacinamide, or nicotinamide riboside) should be considered as potentially essential to the therapeutic success of any IDO-inducing regimen for treating autoimmune diseases. Distinct among the NAD precursors, nicotinic acid specifically activates the g-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR109a to produce the IDO-inducing tolerogenic prostaglandins PGE(2) and PGD(2). Next, PGD(2) is converted to the anti-inflammatory prostaglandin, 15d-PGJ(2). These prostaglandins exert potent anti-inflammatory activities through endogenous signaling mechanisms involving the GPCRs EP2, EP4, and DP1 along with PPARgamma respectively. Nicotinamide prevents type 1 diabetes and ameliorates multiple sclerosis in animal models, while nothing is known about the therapeutic potential of nicotinamide riboside. Alternatively the direct targeting of the non-redox NAD-dependent proteins using resveratrol to activate SIRT1 or PJ34 in order to inhibit PARP1 and prevent autoimmune pathogenesis are also given consideration.
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Koch-Nolte F, Adriouch S, Bannas P, Krebs C, Scheuplein F, Seman M, Haag F. ADP-ribosylation of membrane proteins: unveiling the secrets of a crucial regulatory mechanism in mammalian cells. Ann Med 2006; 38:188-99. [PMID: 16720433 DOI: 10.1080/07853890600655499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial toxins kill animal cells by adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylating intracellular target proteins. Mammalian cells express toxin-related cell surface ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) that transfer ADP-ribose from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) onto arginine residues of other membrane proteins. The association of these glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored ectoenzymes with glycolipid rafts focuses them onto components of the signal transduction machinery. Exposing murine T cells to NAD, the ART substrate, induces a cascade of reactions that culminates in cell death by apoptosis. This mechanism, dubbed 'NAD-induced cell death' or NICD, is initiated when ART2 ADP-ribosylates the cytolytic P2X7 purinergic receptor, inducing formation of a cation channel, opening of a nonselective pore, shedding of CD62L from the cell surface, exposure of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, breakdown of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA-fragmentation. The ART substrate NAD is produced in large amounts inside the cell and can be released from damaged cells during inflammation and tissue injury. In the extracellular environment, the signaling function of NAD is terminated by NAD-degrading ectoenzymes such as CD38. We propose that ART2-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of P2X7 represents the paradigm of a regulatory mechanism by which ART-expressing cells can sense and respond to the release of NAD from damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital, Hamburg, Germany.
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Okuyama M, Nakajima K, Okuda K. [Study of serum AHD and ANAD titers in healthy children and patients with streptococcal infectious disease]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1983; 57:1095-107. [PMID: 6425432 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.57.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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McDonald HC, Simon PA, Takeguchi MM, Odstrchel G, Weetall HH, Felman YM. Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by ultraviolet illumination of NADH generated by an immobilized antibody-gonococcal enzyme complex. Immunol Lett 1981; 3:377-80. [PMID: 6802748 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(81)90070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Frozen, cervical swabs were placed in a lysis buffer containing an immobilized antibody to the gonococcal enzyme, 1,2-propanediol oxidoreductase. The immobilized antibody--enzyme complex that formed was active after the addition of substrate (1,2-propanediol and NAD) and this activity could be detected by visual inspection of NADH fluorescence under ultraviolet illumination.
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Corvese JS, Levy EM, Bennett M, Cooperband SR. Inhibition of an in vitro antibody response by a suppressor cell in normal bone marrow. Cell Immunol 1980; 49:293-306. [PMID: 6444369 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(80)90031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Biundo JJ, Osterberger JS, Harnish M. Proceedings: Comparison of Streptozyme test and other streptococcal antibodies in acute rheumatic fever. Arthritis Rheum 1975; 18:527-8. [PMID: 172093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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