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Fredrick J, Berger JJ, Menitove JE. Strategic issues currently facing the US blood system. Transfusion 2020; 60:1093-1096. [PMID: 32339298 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Fredrick
- Former CEO Versiti, Milwaukee, WI and Chair, HHS Advisory Committee on Blood and Tissue Safety and Availability, USA
| | - James J Berger
- Senior Advisor for Blood and Tissue Policy, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jay E Menitove
- Former CEO and Medical Director, Community Blood Center of Greater Kansas City, Kansas City, MO and Clinical Professor, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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2
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Wears RL. Rasmussen number greater than one. Appl Ergon 2017; 59:592-597. [PMID: 26872830 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This essay describes the ramifying influence of Jens Rasmussen, illustrating how his work lives on through people whom he has influenced, even though they may have never directly collaborated. I approach this in three ways: a social network analysis of the 'Rasmussen number' (an analogue of the Erdös number); and two citations network analyses based on different search domains and different network structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Wears
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Clinical Safety Research Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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3
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Auer A, Vande Burgt NH, Abram F, Barry G, Fenton O, Markey BK, Nolan S, Richards K, Bolton D, De Waal T, Gordon SV, O'Flaherty V, Whyte P, Zintl A. Agricultural anaerobic digestion power plants in Ireland and Germany: policy and practice. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:719-723. [PMID: 27553887 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The process of anaerobic digestion (AD) is valued as a carbon-neutral energy source, while simultaneously treating organic waste, making it safer for disposal or use as a fertilizer on agricultural land. The AD process in many European nations, such as Germany, has grown from use of small, localized digesters to the operation of large-scale treatment facilities, which contribute significantly to national renewable energy quotas. However, these large AD plants are costly to run and demand intensive farming of energy crops for feedstock. Current policy in Germany has transitioned to support funding for smaller digesters, while also limiting the use of energy crops. AD within Ireland, as a new technology, is affected by ambiguous governmental policies concerning waste and energy. A clear governmental strategy supporting on-site AD processing of agricultural waste will significantly reduce Ireland's carbon footprint, improve the safety and bioavailability of agricultural waste, and provide an indigenous renewable energy source. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Auer
- University College of Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nathan H Vande Burgt
- University College of Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Florence Abram
- National University of Ireland Galway School of Natural Sciences, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gerald Barry
- University College of Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Owen Fenton
- TEAGASC, Environment Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, County Wexford, Ireland
| | - Bryan K Markey
- University College of Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen Nolan
- National University of Ireland Galway School of Natural Sciences, Galway, Ireland
| | - Karl Richards
- TEAGASC, Environment Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, County Wexford, Ireland
| | - Declan Bolton
- TEAGASC, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Theo De Waal
- University College of Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- University College of Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- National University of Ireland Galway School of Natural Sciences, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul Whyte
- University College of Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Annetta Zintl
- University College of Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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4
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Sarnese PM. Use of K9 units in healthcare: a history. J Healthc Prot Manage 2016; 32:120-124. [PMID: 26978966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of K9 units within healthcare facilities will continue to increase as the violence within healthcare increases. K9s are a wise investment and are cost-effective. K9 units deter and prevent crime and violence at facilities. The typical K9 will be utilized for eight to ten years. The research demonstrates that facilities that have deployed K9 units have seen a reduction in crime and violence. A well trained K9 can not only patrol the exterior of a healthcare facility but also the patient care and service areas. As more hospitals and healthcare facilities look at non-lethal weapons to protect their officers, staff and guests, the use of K9 within healthcare will continue to rise.
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5
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Grist G. Classic Pages of the Journal of Extracorporeal Technology: Does Perfusion Have a Safety Culture? J Extra Corpor Technol 2015; 47:183-191. [PMID: 26543254 PMCID: PMC4631217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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6
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Goode V. Alice Magaw: a model for evidence-based practice. AANA J 2015; 83:50-55. [PMID: 25842634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The model of evidence-based practice (EBP) of Alice Magaw places the practice of nurse anesthesia as an early pioneer in patient safety and is prophetic to the aims of the Institute of Medicine (IOM). In its 2001 report, Crossing the Quality Chasm, the IOM identified 6 aims essential to improving the delivery of care. These aims include safety, effectiveness, patient-centeredness, timeliness, efficiency, and equity. Magaw used her vast expertise in anesthetic administration to develop protocols and a body of knowledge that could be used as a template for practitioners near and far. This early use of EBP principles places nurse anesthesia at the forefront of the model and the movement to provide high-quality care. Practitioners sought her practice model out as she demonstrated her techniques to visiting providers as well as through her published ideal anesthetics in the literature. She wrote, "Pioneers are noted for building upon a body of knowledge, establishing a model for continuous improvement, and exemplifying notable methods of research with subsequent documentation of their findings." Magaw exemplified the EBP model.
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7
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Kuz'menko IE. [Anniversary of the medical department of the Federal Office for Safe Storage and Destruction of Chemical Weapons]. Voen Med Zh 2013; 334:83-85. [PMID: 23805632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The article is devoted to the process of formation and development of CW destruction management system and medical support of professional activities of personnel. Founders of Medical department of the Federal Directorate for Safe Storage and Destruction of Chemical Weapons are presented. Main principles and ways of working of medical department in specific conditions are covered.
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8
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Thorley V. Human milk banking to 1985. Breastfeed Rev 2012; 20:17-23. [PMID: 22724309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a literature review of the use of donor human milk by hospitals in Australia and elsewhere from the postwar period through to the early 1980s, and establishes the context for a small study of practices which happened in that period. The latter study will be reported elsewhere. The purpose of this paper is to provide a resource for future comparison when the history of the new hospital milk banks of the 21st century is written. Relevant literature in English and two articles in French were accessed.
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Abstract
X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895. Within one year, benefits of x-rays, such as visualization of fractures, and detriments, such as x-ray dermatitis, were recognized. Nobel Laureates Pierre and Marie Sklodowska Curie discovered the radioactive element radium in 1898, and a year later the application of radiation to cure cancer was reported. A significant price was paid for this: Marie Curie died of aplastic anemia related to her radiation exposure, and her daughter Irene Joliot Curie, Nobelist for radiochemical research, died of radiation-induced leukemia. Internationally developed radiation protection recommendations were formalized starting in the late 1920s. The increasing use of ionizing radiation in medical diagnosis and radiation therapy has brought significant societal benefits. Known risks of therapeutic radiation include coronary artery disease and secondary malignancy. However, recently concerns have been raised of possible very small but incremental increases in malignancies due to diagnostic medical radiation. Patients are largely unaware of, and referring physicians and even radiologists often underestimate, the carcinogenic effects of radiation. There is a need to determine the appropriateness of imaging tests that use ionizing radiation prior to performance; optimize imaging protocols to reduce unnecessary radiation; include patients in the decision process and encourage and enable them to track their radiation exposure; and promote education about medical radiation to patients, referring physicians, radiologists, and members of the public. The basic radiation protection principles of justification, optimization, and application of dose limits still pertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Timins
- Diagnostic Radiology, 20 Footes Lane, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA.
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10
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Warrier S, McGillen B. The evolution of quality improvement. Med Health R I 2011; 94:211-212. [PMID: 21894851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Warrier
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Division of General Internal Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, USA.
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11
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Melanson MA. AFRRI special issue of ORS. Health Phys 2010; 99 Suppl 5:S169-S170. [PMID: 20938226 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e3181f1ffc8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Melanson
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI), Bethesda, MD 20889-5603, USA.
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12
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Glickson J. A view from the cockpit: surgeon and pilot Richard C. Karl, MD, FACS, promotes aviation safety in the OR. Bull Am Coll Surg 2010; 95:6-12. [PMID: 21452656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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13
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Baverstock K, Duggan M, Minski M, Thorne M, Vennart B. Jack Vennart. J Radiol Prot 2010; 30:627-628. [PMID: 20838000 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/30/3/m02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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14
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Wachter R. Patient safety at 10 years: how far have we come? What's next? OR Manager 2010; 26:1-7. [PMID: 20387299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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16
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Abstract
Research has identified several factors that affect fear of crime in public space. However, the extent to which gender moderates the effectiveness of fear-reducing measures has received little attention. Using data from the Chicago Transit Authority Customer Satisfaction Survey of 2003, this study aims to understand whether train transit security practices and service attributes affect men and women differently. Findings indicate that, while the presence of video cameras has a lower effect on women's feelings of safety compared with men, frequent and on-time service matters more to male passengers. Additionally, experience with safety-related problems affects women significantly more than men. Conclusions discuss the implications of the study for theory and gender-specific policies to improve perceptions of transit safety.
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17
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Higgins D, Tweedale G. Oil on the water: Government regulation of a carcinogen in the twentieth-century Lancashire cotton spinning industry. Bus Hist 2010; 52:695-712. [PMID: 20734570 DOI: 10.1080/00076791.2010.499430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the Lancashire cotton textile industry, mule spinners were prone to a chronic and sometimes fatal skin cancer (often affecting the groin). The disease had reached epidemic proportions by the 1920s, which necessitated action by the government, employers, and trade unions. In contrast to previous accounts, this article focuses on the government's reaction to mule spinners' cancer. Using official records in the National Archives, the slow introduction of health and safety measures by the government is explored in detail. Although obstructionism by the employers played a key role, one of the reasons for government inaction was the ambiguity of scientific research on engineering oils. On the other hand, prolonged scientific research suited a government policy that was framed around self regulation - a policy that had proved largely ineffective by the 1950s.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Higgins
- The York Management School, University of York, York, UK
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18
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Abstract
With her background in gynaecological oncology, nurse Cathy Hughes is well suited to her job as cancer lead at the National Patient Safety Agency.
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Muldoon P. RSO interview with Patrick Muldoon. Health Phys 2008; 95 Suppl 2:S107-S109. [PMID: 18617792 DOI: 10.1097/01.hp.0000299271.57153.ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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20
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Dixon G. Robin Martin nurses MST to success. MLO Med Lab Obs 2008; 40:30. [PMID: 18630100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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21
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Williams JR. Trusted leader. Living her dream. Interview by Larry Besaw. Tex Med 2008; 104:43-47. [PMID: 18683522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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22
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Abstract
Control banding (CB) strategies offer simplified solutions for controlling worker exposures to constituents often encountered in the workplace. The original CB model was developed within the pharmaceutical industry; however, the modern movement involves models developed for non-experts to input hazard and exposure potential information for bulk chemical processes, receiving control advice as a result. The CB approach utilizes these models for the dissemination of qualitative and semiquantitative risk assessment tools being developed to complement the traditional industrial hygiene model of air sampling and analysis. It is being applied and tested in small- and medium-sized enterprises within developed countries and industrially developing countries; however, large enterprises have also incorporated these strategies within chemical safety programs. Existing research of the components of the most available CB model, the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Essentials, has shown that exposure bands do not always provide adequate margins of safety, that there is a high rate of under-control errors, that it works better with dusts than with vapors, that there is an inherent inaccuracy in estimating variability, and that when taken together the outcomes of this model may lead to potentially inappropriate workplace confidence in chemical exposure reduction in some operations. Alternatively, large-scale comparisons of industry exposure data to this CB model's outcomes have indicated more promising results with a high correlation seen internationally. With the accuracy of the toxicological ratings and hazard band classification currently in question, their proper re-evaluation will be of great benefit to the reliability of existing and future CB models. The need for a more complete analysis of CB model components and, most importantly, a more comprehensive prospective research process remains. This analysis will be important in understanding implications of the model's overall effectiveness. Since the CB approach is now being used worldwide with an even broader implementation in progress, further research toward understanding its strengths and weaknesses will assist in its further refinement and confidence in its ongoing utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Zalk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA.
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23
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Dauvin JC. Fifty years of change. Mar Pollut Bull 2007; 54:1673-1676. [PMID: 17961606 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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24
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Morgan T. RSO Interview with Thomas Morgan by René Michel. Health Phys 2007; 93:S152-S154. [PMID: 18049242 DOI: 10.1097/01.hp.0000265307.62305.7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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25
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Downey C. Counting as caring. Can Oper Room Nurs J 2007; 25:6-13. [PMID: 17958054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative nurses have developed specific expert nursing care practices. "Counting as caring" is certainly an approach in keeping with the perioperative nurse's guiding principle of beneficence (to do no harm). This article takes a retrospective look, from the first half of the last century through into the late 1960s, at the practice of counting and the influences that have changed it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Downey
- Perioperative Services, Kingston General Hospital, Ontario
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Sherrard LJ. A life in safety. Occup Health Saf 2007; 76:70, 72. [PMID: 17263139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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28
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Meggitt G. Fission, critical mass and safety--a historical review. J Radiol Prot 2006; 26:141-59. [PMID: 16738413 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/26/2/002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of fission, the notion of a chain reaction in a critical mass releasing massive amounts of energy has haunted physicists. The possibility of a bomb or a reactor prompted much of the early work on determining a critical mass, but the need to avoid an accidental critical excursion during processing or transport of fissile material drove much that took place subsequently. Because of the variety of possible situations that might arise, it took some time to develop adequate theoretical tools for criticality safety and the early assessments were based on direct experiment. Some extension of these experiments to closely similar situations proved possible, but it was not until the 1960s that theoretical methods (and computers to run them) developed enough for them to become reliable assessment tools. Validating such theoretical methods remained a concern, but by the end of the century they formed the backbone of criticality safety assessment. This paper traces the evolution of these methods, principally in the UK and USA, and summarises some related work concerned with the nature of criticality accidents and their radiological consequences. It also indicates how the results have been communicated and used in ensuring nuclear safety.
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Barbeau EM, Kelder G, Ahmed S, Mantuefel V, Balbach ED. From strange bedfellows to natural allies: the shifting allegiance of fire service organisations in the push for federal fire-safe cigarette legislation. Tob Control 2006; 14:338-45. [PMID: 16183985 PMCID: PMC1748100 DOI: 10.1136/tc.2004.010637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarettes are the leading cause of fatal fires in the USA and are associated with one in four fire deaths. Although the technology needed to make fire-safe cigarettes has been available for many years, progress has been slow on legislative and regulatory fronts to require the tobacco industry to manufacture fire-safe cigarettes. METHOD AND RESULTS We conducted a case study, drawing on data from tobacco industry documents, archives, and key informant interviews to investigate tobacco industry strategies for thwarting fire-safe cigarette legislation in the US Congress. We apply a theoretical framework that posits that policymaking is the product of three sets of forces: interests, institutions, and ideas, to examine tobacco industry behaviour, with a special focus on their and others' attempts to court fire service organisations, including firefighters' unions as allies. We discuss the implications of our findings for future policy efforts related to fire-safe cigarettes and other tobacco control issues. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco control advocates ought to: continue efforts to align key interest groups, including the firefighters unions; contest tobacco industry "diversionary" science tactics; and pursue a state based legislative strategy for fire-safe cigarettes, building towards national legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Barbeau
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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30
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Kierzek A. [The dilatation of auditive tube (Bougirage tubaire) by dilators in XIX century]. Ann Acad Med Stetin 2006; 52:105-9; discussion 109-10. [PMID: 17131853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of auditiory tube chronic catarrh in XIX century by pharmagological drugs, by special apparatuses of surprising technical sophistication, by electrisation and faradisation is discussed first of all. The dilatation of auditory tube by dilators was the diagnostical and therapeutical methods, especially preferenced by Victor Urbantschitsch, Hermann Schwartze, Jean P. Bonnafonte, Albert Calmettes and Bronisław Taczanowski, Teodor Heiman and Samuel Meyerson. The dilators were building of celluloid, whale-bone, silver and were absorbed by argentum nitrate, vaseline. The technique, difficulties and effects of dilatation are described in more detail. The complications of this operation is presented finally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kierzek
- Zakład Klinicznych Podstaw Fizjoterapii Wydziału Zdrowia Publicznego Akademii Medycznej im. Piastów Slaskich we Wrocławiu ul. Grunwaldzka 2, 50-355 Wrocław
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31
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32
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Jones CG. A review of the history of U.S. radiation protection regulations, recommendations, and standards. Health Phys 2005; 88:697-716. [PMID: 15891462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Shortly after the discovery of x rays by Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen in 1895, and the isolation of the element radium by Pierre and Marie Curie three years later, the fascination with and potential for an array of uses of ionizing radiation in medicine, science, and technology was born. As with any new technology, there was a need to balance both the beneficial and potential detrimental effects of uses of these new technologies for the advancement of humankind. In the early days, radiation hazards were not well understood. Over the decades increasing concerns in the scientific community and lay population demanded that standardized guidance and recommendations be developed for the use of ionizing radiation. Today, U.S. radiation protection standards and recommendations to protect the occupational worker, members of the general public, and the environment are numerous and complex. This review summarizes the history of the development and application of radiation protection standards and regulations to assure the safe use of radiation and radioactive materials. The evolution and roles of international and national scientific recommending and regulatory organizations that shape U.S. radiation protection policy are described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia G Jones
- U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response, Mail Stop T4-D22A, Washington, DC 20555, USA.
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Boerner AJ, Kathren RL. The Health Physics Society: a 50-year chronology. Health Phys 2005; 88:733-53. [PMID: 15891464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In 2005, the Health Physics Society celebrates its 50th anniversary. During its half century of existence, the Society has evolved from a small group of operationally oriented radiation protection scientists into an organization of several thousand with a recognized and respected peer reviewed journal. The bold decision to form an organization devoted to radiation safety in the United States spurred the formation of such societies in other countries and led to the formation of an international confederation of national societies, which has facilitated scientific communication and exchange worldwide. It also led to the formation of a separate body for the certification of health physicists, which in turn has grown into an academy with more than 1,000 members, and was instrumental in providing basic information establishing the need for a registry of radiation protection technologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Boerner
- ORISE, P.O. Box 117, MS-19, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0117, USA.
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34
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Abstract
The science of safety is well established in such disciplines as the automotive and aviation industry. In this brief history of safety science as it pertains to patient care, we review remote and recent publications that have guided the maturation of this field that has particular relevance to the complex structure of systems, personnel, and therapies involved in caring for the critically ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Ilan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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35
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Jones CG. A review of the history of U.S. radiation protection regulations, recommendations, and standards. Health Phys 2005; 88:105-124. [PMID: 15650586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Shortly after the discovery of x rays by Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen in 1895, and the isolation of the element radium by Pierre and Marie Curie three years later, the fascination with and potential for an array of uses of ionizing radiation in medicine, science, and technology was born. As with any new technology, there was a need to balance both the beneficial and potential detrimental effects of uses of these new technologies for the advancement of humankind. In the early days, radiation hazards were not well understood. Over the decades increasing concerns in the scientific community and lay population demanded that standardized guidance and recommendations be developed for the use of ionizing radiation. Today, U.S. radiation protection standards and recommendations to protect the occupational worker, members of the general public, and the environment are numerous and complex. This review summarizes the history of the development and application of radiation protection standards and regulations to assure the safe use of radiation and radioactive materials. The evolution and roles of international and national scientific recommending and regulatory organizations that shape U.S. radiation protection policy are described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Gillian Jones
- US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response, Mail Stop T4-D22A, Washington, DC 20555, USA.
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Belkin NL. Contaminated operating room boots. Am J Infect Control 2003; 31:61-2. [PMID: 12548262 DOI: 10.1067/mic.2003.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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John M. Eisenberg Patient Safety Awards. Individual lifetime achievement: Julianne M. Morath, RN, MS. Jt Comm J Qual Improv 2002; 28:637-45. [PMID: 12481597 DOI: 10.1016/s1070-3241(02)28068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article provides a brief biography of Julianne M. Morath, describes the scope and impact of her patient safety initiatives at Children's Hospitals and Clinics in Minneapolis and St Paul, and includes an interview in which Morath responds to questions about challenges to patient safety and medical accident reduction. BIOGRAPHY IN BRIEF With a 25-year career spanning the spectrum of health care, Morath has served in leadership positions in health care organizations in Minnesota, Rhode Island, Ohio, and Georgia. LEADERSHIP AT THE FRONT LINE Morath joined Children's Hospitals and Clinics in 1999 and launched a major patient safety initiative that put Children's on the map. Elements of the initiative included a culture of learning, patient safety action teams, open discussion of medical accidents and error, blameless reporting, and a full accident disclosure policy. AN INTERVIEW WITH JULIE MORATH As the greatest challenge to leadership ownership of the patient safety initiative, Morath cites the need to confront the myths of the medical system and to develop the awareness of the issues of patient safety. She believes that clinicians on the front lines will be convinced that patient safety isn't "just another fad of the month" when leadership action is disciplined and aligns with what is being espoused. She advises other leaders of health care organizations interested in establishing a culture of safety to start with a personal and passionate belief that harm-free care is possible, to commit to informed action, and to identify and develop champions throughout the organization and medical staff.
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Beyea SC, Killen AR, Berlandi JL. Lessons about patient safety from Jean Reeder. AORN J 2002; 76:318-21. [PMID: 12194659 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-2092(06)61072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the social, economic, and legal influences on siderail use in 20th century American hospitals and how use of siderails became embedded in nursing practice. DESIGN Social historical research. METHODS Numerous primary and secondary sources were collected and interpreted to illustrate the pattern of siderail use, the value attached to siderails, and attitudes about using siderails. FINDINGS The persistent use of siderails in American hospitals indicates a gradual consensus between law and medicine rather than an empirically driven nursing intervention. Use of siderails became embedded in nursing practice as nurses assumed increasing responsibility for their actions as institutional employees. CONCLUSIONS New federal guidelines, based on reports of adverse consequences associated with siderails, are limiting siderail use in hospitals and nursing homes across the United States. Lowering siderails and using alternatives will depend on new norms among health care providers, hospital administrators, bed manufacturers, insurers, attorneys, regulators, and patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Brush
- Boston College School of Nursing, Cushing Hall, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 0216-3812, USA.
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50 years of progress in health care quality and safety. Jt Comm Perspect 2001; 21:1, 4-5. [PMID: 11727605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
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Gould SJ. A tale of two worksites. Nat Hist 2001; 106:18-29, 62-8 passim. [PMID: 11619508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Cooper JB. Accidents and mishaps in anesthesia: how they occur; how to prevent them. Minerva Anestesiol 2001; 67:310-3. [PMID: 11376531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The problem of safety and accidents prevention is a primary issue in modern anesthesia. Throughout the last twenty years, much effort has been made to assess the causes of mishaps, introducing new technology and safer drugs. The author presents a well known model to describe factors affecting accidents causality, proposing old and new strategies to ensure safety during the everyday practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Cooper
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, 55 Fruit Street, CLN 250, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Whitehead K. Post-suffrage factory inspectors in New South Wales. Labour Hist 2001:157-172. [PMID: 18303599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- D Booth
- University of Otago, New Zealand
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Lelieveld HL, Boon B, Bennett A, Brunius G, Cantley M, Chmiel A, Collins CH, Crooy P, Doblhoff-Dier O, Economidis I, Elmqvist A, Frontali-Botti C, Havenaar R, Haymerle H, Käppeli O, Leaver G, Lex M, Lund S, Mahler JL, Marris R, Martinez JL, Mosgaard C, Normand-Plessier C, Romantschuk M, Werner RG. Safe biotechnology. 7. Classification of microorganisms on the basis of hazard. Working Party "Safety in Biotechnology" of the European Federation Biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1996; 45:723-9. [PMID: 8987466 DOI: 10.1007/s002530050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The current systems for classifying human pathogens on the basis of hazard are well developed and their basic criteria are in general agreement one with another. Of more importance, the safety practices based on these classifications have generally been successful. They have enabled extensive research activities, medical practice and industrial production to be conducted on an ever-increasing scale, involving dangerous microorganisms (e.g. in vaccine production and treatment of infected patients) with a very low incidence of adverse effects on the workers involved and the general public. Although the EU has adopted a harmonised list of agents in groups 1-4 there is as yet no complete agreement among member states and individual microbiologists. The purpose of this paper is to present a historical survey and to discuss the current processes for identifying and classifying the hazards posed by the use of microorganisms in research and technology. This is essential in the design of appropriate methods of counteracting potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Lelieveld
- Institute for Applied Microbiology, University for Agriculture, Wien, Austria
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CHEM profile: Frank Mozdy, HEM. Healthc Hazard Mater Manage 1995; 9:5. [PMID: 10161260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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