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Lau SK, Che XY, Woo PC, Wong BH, Cheng VC, Woo GK, Hung IF, Poon RW, Chan KH, Peiris JM, Yuen KY. SARS coronavirus detection methods. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11:1108-11. [PMID: 16022791 PMCID: PMC3371792 DOI: 10.3201/eid1107.041045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using clinical samples from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome, we showed that the sensitivities of a quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (80% for fecal samples and 25% for urine samples) were higher than those of the polyclonal (50% and 5%) and monoclonal (35% and 8%) antibody-based nucleocapsid antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K.P. Lau
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Che
- First Military Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Patrick C.Y. Woo
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Beatrice H.L. Wong
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Vincent C.C. Cheng
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Gibson K.S. Woo
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivan F.N. Hung
- Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Rosana W.S. Poon
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - J.S. Malik Peiris
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
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Xu D, Zhang Z, Jin L, Chu F, Mao Y, Wang H, Liu M, Wang M, Zhang L, Gao GF, Wang FS. Persistent shedding of viable SARS-CoV in urine and stool of SARS patients during the convalescent phase. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2005; 24:165-71. [PMID: 15789222 PMCID: PMC7088045 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-005-1299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to further the present knowledge of the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), 486 different specimens from 54 patients with a clinical diagnosis of SARS were investigated for the presence of viral RNA, and 314 plasma specimens of 73 patients were examined for IgM and IgG antibodies specific against SARS-CoV using an indirect ELISA. Viral RNA was detectable in 28 of the 54 patients tested. Cumulative data showed that 67 of the 73 SARS patients demonstrated seroconversion by week 5 of illness. In contrast, only 1 of 278 healthy subjects enrolled in the study was found to be positive for the IgG antibody. Coexistence of viral RNA in plasma and specific antibodies was simultaneously observed over three consecutive weeks in two critical cases. In three convalescent patients in particular, cultivable SARS-CoV was detected in stool or urine specimens for longer than 4 weeks (29-36 days). These findings suggest that SARS-CoV may remain viable in the excretions of convalescent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Xu
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Z. Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - L. Jin
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - F. Chu
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Y. Mao
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - H. Wang
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - M. Liu
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - M. Wang
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - L. Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - G. F. Gao
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - F. S. Wang
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
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Hung I, Cheng V, Wu A, Tang B, Chan K, Chu C, Wong M, Hui W, Poon L, Tse D, Chan K, Woo P, Lau S, Peiris J, Yuen K. Viral loads in clinical specimens and SARS manifestations. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10:1550-7. [PMID: 15498155 PMCID: PMC3320271 DOI: 10.3201/eid1009.040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective viral load study was performed on clinical specimens from 154 patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS); the specimens were prospectively collected during patients' illness. Viral load in nasopharyngeal aspirates (n = 142) from day 10 to day 15 after onset of symptoms was associated with oxygen desaturation, mechanical ventilation, diarrhea, hepatic dysfunction, and death. Serum viral load (n = 53) was associated with oxygen desaturation, mechanical ventilation, and death. Stool viral load (n = 94) was associated with diarrhea, and urine viral load (n = 111) was associated with abnormal urinalysis results. Viral replications at different sites are important in the pathogenesis of clinical and laboratory abnormalities of SARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.F.N. Hung
- Queen Mary Hospital at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - V.C.C. Cheng
- Queen Mary Hospital at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - A.K.L. Wu
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - B.S.F. Tang
- Queen Mary Hospital at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - K.H. Chan
- Queen Mary Hospital at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - C.M. Chu
- United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - M.M.L. Wong
- Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - W.T. Hui
- Queen Mary Hospital at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - L.L.M. Poon
- Queen Mary Hospital at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - D.M.W. Tse
- Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - K.S. Chan
- United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - P.C.Y. Woo
- Queen Mary Hospital at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - S.K.P. Lau
- Queen Mary Hospital at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - J.S.M. Peiris
- Queen Mary Hospital at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - K.Y. Yuen
- Queen Mary Hospital at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People's Republic of China
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