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Wilking C, Moukalled S, Polacsek M. Reducing Student Exposure to Digital Food and Beverage Marketing: Policy and Practice Recommendations. J Sch Health 2023; 93:638-643. [PMID: 36861751 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Digital marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages to children and adolescents is pervasive, highly effective, undermines healthy eating, and contributes to health inequities. Expanded use of electronic devices and remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the urgency for policy interventions to limit digital food marketing in schools and on school-issued devices. The US Department of Agriculture provides little guidance to schools for how to address digital food marketing. Federal and state privacy protections for children are inadequate. Considering these policy gaps, state and local education authorities can incorporate strategies to reduce digital food marketing into school policies for: content filtering on school networks and on school-issued devices; digital instructional materials; student-owned device use during lunch; and school use of social media to communicate with parents and students. Model policy language is provided. These policy approaches can leverage existing policy mechanisms to address digital food marketing from a variety of sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Summer Moukalled
- Center for Excellence in Public Health, University of New England, 716 Stevens Avenue, Portland, ME, 04103
| | - Michele Polacsek
- Center for Excellence in Public Health, University of New England, 716 Stevens Avenue, Portland, ME, 04103
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Matin RN, Dinnes J. AI-based smartphone apps for risk assessment of skin cancer need more evaluation and better regulation. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1749-1750. [PMID: 33742148 PMCID: PMC8144419 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Smartphone applications ("apps") with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are increasingly used in healthcare. Widespread adoption of these apps must be supported by a robust evidence-base and app manufacturers' claims appropriately regulated. Current CE marking assessment processes inadequately protect the public against the risks created by using smartphone diagnostic apps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubeta N Matin
- Department of Dermatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Dinnes
- Test Evaluation Research Group, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Kaviani F, Young KL, Robards B, Koppel S. Understanding the deterrent impact formal and informal sanctions have on illegal smartphone use while driving. Accid Anal Prev 2020; 145:105706. [PMID: 32768605 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The illegal use of a smartphone while driving increases the risk of crashes. As such, road authorities rely on countermeasures to reduce illegal smartphone use. Deterrence-based methods dominate road safety, however, perceptions and impact of formal (legal) and informal (non-legal) methods to deter illegal smartphone use in Australia have not yet been explored. The current study reports on a survey of 2774 drivers (47.0 % males) that own and regularly use a smartphone. The survey analysed the self-reported frequency of illegal smartphone use while driving, perceptions of formal and informal deterrence mechanisms, differences between perceived and informed deterrence, and deterrent predictors of illegal use. The findings revealed that illegal smartphone use is increasing in Victoria, Australia. Drivers that break the law perceive deterrent mechanisms significantly different from drivers that abide by the law, however, both groups view the prospect of hurting oneself as most impactful. Additionally, drivers tend to underestimate the consequences of illegal use, yet overestimate the certainty of apprehension. A binary logistic regression analysis revealed that only age, gender and informal sanctions such as social loss (stigma/peer disapproval), internal loss (shame/guilt/embarrassment), and physical loss (injury/property damage) were significant predictors of illegal use. None of the formal mechanisms were significant. Based on these findings, road safety interventions and future research should consider exploring the psychological characteristics of young people's perceptions of informal sanctions such as social loss (shame/embarrassment) and internal loss (guilt).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kaviani
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Australia.
| | - K L Young
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Australia
| | - B Robards
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - S Koppel
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Australia
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King F, Klonoff DC, Kerr D, Hu J, Lyles C, Quinn C, Adi S, Chen K, Hood K, Salber P, de Clercq C, Hu J, Gabbay R. Digital Diabetes Congress 2018. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2018; 12:1231-1238. [PMID: 30376739 PMCID: PMC6232737 DOI: 10.1177/1932296818805632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Digital health is capturing the attention of the healthcare community. This paradigm whereby healthcare meets the internet uses sensors that communicate wirelessly along with software residing on smartphones to deliver data, information, treatment recommendations, and in some cases control over an effector device. As artificial intelligence becomes more widely used, this approach to creating individualized treatment plans will increase the opportunities for patients, even if they are in remote settings, to communicate with and learn from healthcare professionals. Simple design is needed to promote use of these tools, especially for the purpose of increased adherence to treatment. Widespread adoption by the healthcare industry will require better outcomes data, which will most likely be in the form of safety and effectiveness results from robust randomized controlled trials, as well as evidence of privacy and security. Such data will be needed to convince investors to direct resources into and regulators to clear new digital health tools. Diabetes Technology Society and William Sansum Diabetes Center launched the Digital Diabetes Congress in 2017 because of great interest in determining the potential benefits, metrics of success, and appropriate components of mobile applications for diabetes. The second annual meeting in this series took place on May 22-23, 2018 in San Francisco. This report contains summaries of the meeting's 4 plenary lectures and 10 sessions. This meeting report presents a summary of how 55 panelists, speakers, and moderators, who are leaders in healthcare technology, see the current and future landscape of digital health tools applied to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraya King
- Diabetes Technology Society, Burlingame,
CA, USA
- Fraya King, Diabetes Technology Society, 845
Malcolm Rd, Ste 5, Burlingame, CA 94010, USA.
| | | | - David Kerr
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute,
Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Courtney Lyles
- University of California, San Francisco,
San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charlene Quinn
- University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saleh Adi
- University of California, San Francisco,
San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kong Chen
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,
MD, USA
| | - Korey Hood
- Stanford University School of Medicine,
Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Bonafide
- Division of General Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David T. Jamison
- Health Devices Group, ECRI Institute, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth E. Foglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Neonatology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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