1
|
Roberts TP, Bloy L, Miller JS, Blaskey L, Ross J. Decreased levels of γ-aminobutyric acid in temporal lobe of children with 47,XYY syndrome. Neuroreport 2021; 32:541-547. [PMID: 33850088 PMCID: PMC8051840 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 47,XYY syndrome (XYY) is a male sex chromosome disorder where subjects have one X chromosome and two copies of the Y chromosome. XYY is associated with a physical phenotype and carries increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Imbalance of excitation and inhibition has been proposed as a putative biological basis of disorders such as ASD [1-3] and several studies have reported atypical brain γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in this population. Given the male preponderance in the prevalence of ASD, the unique presence of the Y chromosome in males leads to the intriguing possibility of investigating boys with XYY syndrome as a model of excess Y-chromosome genes. METHOD In this study, we investigated the associations of genotype and clinical phenotype with levels of GABA, estimated by regionally localized edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy in boys with 47, XYY syndrome compared to age-matched typically developing (XY) peers. RESULTS Overall, we observed a decrease in GABA levels in XYY vs. XY, which appeared more significant in the left compared to the right hemisphere. There was no additional significant modulation of GABA levels in XYY according to presence/absence of ASD diagnosis. Interestingly, a positive correlation between bilateral GABA levels and testosterone levels was observed in pubescent XY boys that was not observed in XYY. CONCLUSION The inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA appears to be reduced in boys with 47,XYY, especially in the left hemisphere. Further, the typical association between GABA and testosterone levels, observed in older typically developing control boys was not evident in boys with 47,XYY.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P.L. Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Judith S. Miller
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Judith Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, Nemours DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Davis SM, Bloy L, Roberts TP, Kowal K, Alston A, Tahsin A, Truxon A, Ross JL. Testicular function in boys with 47,XYY and relationship to phenotype. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2020; 184:371-385. [PMID: 32544298 PMCID: PMC7413633 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An additional Y chromosome occurs in ~1 in 1,000 males, resulting in the karyotype 47,XYY. The phenotype includes tall stature, hypotonia, neuropsychiatric comorbidities, and an increased risk of infertility in adulthood. Little is known about testicular function in childhood and adolescence in 47,XYY. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess testicular function serum biomarkers, including total testosterone, inhibin B, and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), in 82 boys with XYY (11.3 ± 3.8 years) compared with 66 male controls (11.6 ± 3.8 years). The association of testicular hormones with physical features, neuropsychological phenotype, and magnetoencephalography (MEG) was assessed with multiple linear regression models. Results indicate males with XYY have significantly lower inhibin B (median 84 pg/ml vs. 109 pg/ml, p = .004) and higher AMH (median 41 ng/ml vs. 29 ng/ml, p = .011); however, testosterone, testicular volume, and stretched penile length were not different from controls. In the exploratory analysis of relationships between hormone concentrations and phenotypic assessments, higher inhibin B concentrations were positively correlated with lower BMI and better cognitive, academic, and behavioral outcomes in the XYY group. Testosterone concentrations were positively associated with better behavioral outcomes in boys with XYY. Higher testosterone and inhibin B concentrations were also associated with shorter auditory latencies measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in XYY. With a few exceptions, testicular hormones were not associated with phenotypic outcomes in controls. In conclusion, there is evidence of subtle impaired testicular function in boys with XYY and a newly described relationship between measures of testicular function and some aspects of the XYY phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanlee M Davis
- eXtraordinarY Kids Clinic and Research Program, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy P.L. Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karen Kowal
- eXtraordinarY Kids Clinic, DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Amanda Alston
- eXtraordinarY Kids Clinic, DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Aysha Tahsin
- eXtraordinarY Kids Clinic, DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Alyssa Truxon
- eXtraordinarY Kids Clinic, DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Judith L Ross
- eXtraordinarY Kids Clinic, DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin CY, Wang PH, Yang MJ, Chen CY. A case of 45,X/47,XYY mosaicism in a male fetus with a hypoplastic nasal bone. J Ultrasound Med 2015; 34:353-354. [PMID: 25614411 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.34.2.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yao Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.L., P.-H.W., M.-J.Y., C.-Y.C.), National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (P.-H.W., M.-J.Y., C.-Y.C.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.L., P.-H.W., M.-J.Y., C.-Y.C.), National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (P.-H.W., M.-J.Y., C.-Y.C.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Ming-Jie Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.L., P.-H.W., M.-J.Y., C.-Y.C.), National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (P.-H.W., M.-J.Y., C.-Y.C.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chih-Yao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.L., P.-H.W., M.-J.Y., C.-Y.C.), National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (P.-H.W., M.-J.Y., C.-Y.C.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-Y.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
James C, Robson L, Jackson J, Smith A. 46,XY/47,XYY/48,XYYY karyotype in a 3-year-old boy ascertained because of radioulnar synostosis. Am J Med Genet 1995; 56:389-92. [PMID: 7604847 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320560408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome analysis was performed on a 3-year-old boy because of bilateral radioulnar synostosis and demonstrated a mosaic karyotype 46,XY/47,XYY/48,XYYY. He had minor facial anomalies and mild intellectual delay. He appears to be the youngest patient reported with this rare chromosome complement. His father, mother, and brother had normal chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on the propositus and his father with the Y chromosome heterochromatic probe (pHY3.4) to add to the evaluation of mosaicism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C James
- Pediatrician Unit, Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
In order to approach the hitherto unknown brain involvement in the XYY syndrome five adult patients with this syndrome were studied clinically and pneumoencephalographically. Clinical manifestations included delayed difficulties of speech and learning, clumsiness, mild intention tremor, muscular hypotonia, convulsions, hyperactivity, distractibility, impulsiveness, weak mental control, psychosexual disturbances and a slight defect of intelligence. All five had committed crimes. Pneumoencephalograms showed general ventricular enlargement of mild or moderate degree. The enlargement of lateral ventricles was unilateral or asymmetrically bilateral. The suprapineal recess of the third ventricle was uniformly enlarged. Small cerebellum and enlarged fourth ventricle were the abnormal findings in the posterior fossa. No cortical abnormalities were found. The clinical and pneumoencephalographic findings suggest a slight non-progressive developmental disorder of the brain resembling the so-called minimal brain dysfunction syndrome. The XYY syndrome appears to be one cause of the male preponderance in minimal brain dysfunction syndrome and criminal psychopathy.
Collapse
|