1
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Hernández-Morán BA, Taylor G, Lorente-Macías Á, Wood AJ. Degron tagging for rapid protein degradation in mice. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050613. [PMID: 38666498 PMCID: PMC11073515 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Degron tagging allows proteins of interest to be rapidly degraded, in a reversible and tuneable manner, in response to a chemical stimulus. This provides numerous opportunities for understanding disease mechanisms, modelling therapeutic interventions and constructing synthetic gene networks. In recent years, many laboratories have applied degron tagging successfully in cultured mammalian cells, spurred by rapid advances in the fields of genome editing and targeted protein degradation. In this At a Glance article, we focus on recent efforts to apply degron tagging in mouse models, discussing the distinct set of challenges and opportunities posed by the in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianda A. Hernández-Morán
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4, 2XR, UK
| | - Gillian Taylor
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4, 2XR, UK
| | - Álvaro Lorente-Macías
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Andrew J. Wood
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4, 2XR, UK
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2
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Baillache DJ, Valero T, Lorente-Macías Á, Bennett DJ, Elliott RJR, Carragher NO, Unciti-Broceta A. Discovery of pyrazolopyrimidines that selectively inhibit CSF-1R kinase by iterative design, synthesis and screening against glioblastoma cells. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2611-2624. [PMID: 38099057 PMCID: PMC10718585 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00454f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain cancer in adults, with an average life expectancy under treatment of approx. 15 months. GBM is characterised by a complex set of genetic alterations that results in significant disruption of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling. We report here an exploration of the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold in search for antiproliferative compounds directed to GBM treatment. Small compound libraries were synthesised and screened against GBM cells to build up structure-antiproliferative activity-relationships (SAARs) and inform further rounds of design, synthesis and screening. 76 novel compounds were generated through this iterative process that found low micromolar potencies against selected GBM lines, including patient-derived stem cells. Phenomics analysis demonstrated preferential activity against glioma cells of the mesenchymal subtype, whereas kinome screening identified colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) as the lead's target, a RTK implicated in the tumourigenesis and progression of different cancers and the immunoregulation of the GBM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Baillache
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh Crewe Road South Edinburgh EH4 2XR UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre UK
| | - Teresa Valero
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh Crewe Road South Edinburgh EH4 2XR UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre UK
| | - Álvaro Lorente-Macías
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh Crewe Road South Edinburgh EH4 2XR UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre UK
| | | | - Richard J R Elliott
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh Crewe Road South Edinburgh EH4 2XR UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre UK
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh Crewe Road South Edinburgh EH4 2XR UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre UK
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh Crewe Road South Edinburgh EH4 2XR UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre UK
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3
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Klug DM, Tse EG, Silva DG, Cao Y, Charman SA, Chauhan J, Crighton E, Dichiara M, Drake C, Drewry D, da Silva Emery F, Ferrins L, Graves L, Hopkins E, Kresina TAC, Lorente-Macías Á, Perry B, Phipps R, Quiroga B, Quotadamo A, Sabatino GN, Sama A, Schätzlein A, Simpson QJ, Steele J, Shanu-Wilson J, Sjö P, Stapleton P, Swain CJ, Vaideanu A, Xie H, Zuercher W, Todd MH. Open Source Antibiotics: Simple Diarylimidazoles Are Potent against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2423-2435. [PMID: 37991879 PMCID: PMC10714399 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely acknowledged as one of the most serious public health threats facing the world, yet the private sector finds it challenging to generate much-needed medicines. As an alternative discovery approach, a small array of diarylimidazoles was screened against the ESKAPE pathogens, and the results were made publicly available through the Open Source Antibiotics (OSA) consortium (https://github.com/opensourceantibiotics). Of the 18 compounds tested (at 32 μg/mL), 15 showed >90% growth inhibition activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) alone. In the subsequent hit-to-lead optimization of this chemotype, 147 new heterocyclic compounds containing the diarylimidazole and other core motifs were synthesized and tested against MRSA, and their structure-activity relationships were identified. While potent, these compounds have moderate to high intrinsic clearance and some associated toxicity. The best overall balance of parameters was found with OSA_975, a compound with good potency, good solubility, and reduced intrinsic clearance in rat hepatocytes. We have progressed toward the knowledge of the molecular target of these phenotypically active compounds, with proteomic techniques suggesting TGFBR1 is potentially involved in the mechanism of action. Further development of these compounds toward antimicrobial medicines is available to anyone under the licensing terms of the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Klug
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin G. Tse
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G. Silva
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903. Brazil
| | - Yafeng Cao
- WuXi
AppTec (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., 666 Gaoxin Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Susan A. Charman
- Centre
for Drug Candidate Optimization, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Elly Crighton
- Centre
for Drug Candidate Optimization, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chris Drake
- Hypha Discovery, 154b Brook Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4SD, United Kingdom
| | - David Drewry
- UNC Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Flavio da Silva Emery
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903. Brazil
| | - Lori Ferrins
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Lee Graves
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Emily Hopkins
- Hypha Discovery, 154b Brook Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4SD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. C. Kresina
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Álvaro Lorente-Macías
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit
of ‘‘Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment’’,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- A. L-M.
Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Perry
- Drugs
for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 15 Chemin Camille-Vidart, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard Phipps
- Hypha Discovery, 154b Brook Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4SD, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Quiroga
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Antonio Quotadamo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Clinical
and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Giada N. Sabatino
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Sama
- Citizen
scientist, New York, New York 11570, United States
| | - Andreas Schätzlein
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Quillon J. Simpson
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan Steele
- Hypha Discovery, 154b Brook Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4SD, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Shanu-Wilson
- Hypha Discovery, 154b Brook Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4SD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Sjö
- Drugs
for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 15 Chemin Camille-Vidart, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Stapleton
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Swain
- Cambridge
MedChem Consulting, 8
Mangers Lane, Duxford, Cambridge CB22 4RN, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Vaideanu
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Huanxu Xie
- WuXi
AppTec (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., 666 Gaoxin Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430075, People’s Republic of China
| | - William Zuercher
- UNC Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew H. Todd
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University College
London, 29-39 Brunswick
Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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4
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Smer-Barreto V, Quintanilla A, Elliott RJR, Dawson JC, Sun J, Campa VM, Lorente-Macías Á, Unciti-Broceta A, Carragher NO, Acosta JC, Oyarzún DA. Discovery of senolytics using machine learning. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3445. [PMID: 37301862 PMCID: PMC10257182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response involved in ageing and diverse disease processes including cancer, type-2 diabetes, osteoarthritis and viral infection. Despite growing interest in targeted elimination of senescent cells, only few senolytics are known due to the lack of well-characterised molecular targets. Here, we report the discovery of three senolytics using cost-effective machine learning algorithms trained solely on published data. We computationally screened various chemical libraries and validated the senolytic action of ginkgetin, periplocin and oleandrin in human cell lines under various modalities of senescence. The compounds have potency comparable to known senolytics, and we show that oleandrin has improved potency over its target as compared to best-in-class alternatives. Our approach led to several hundred-fold reduction in drug screening costs and demonstrates that artificial intelligence can take maximum advantage of small and heterogeneous drug screening data, paving the way for new open science approaches to early-stage drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Smer-Barreto
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK.
| | - Andrea Quintanilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN. C/ Albert Einstein 22, Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Richard J R Elliott
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - John C Dawson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Jiugeng Sun
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, 10 Crichton St, Edinburgh, EH8 9AB, UK
| | - Víctor M Campa
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN. C/ Albert Einstein 22, Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Álvaro Lorente-Macías
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Juan Carlos Acosta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK.
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN. C/ Albert Einstein 22, Santander, 39011, Spain.
| | - Diego A Oyarzún
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, 10 Crichton St, Edinburgh, EH8 9AB, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
- The Alan Turing Institute, 96 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DB, UK.
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5
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Ayala-Aguilera CC, Valero T, Lorente-Macías Á, Baillache DJ, Croke S, Unciti-Broceta A. Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitor Drugs (1995-2021): Medical Indication, Pharmacology, and Synthesis. J Med Chem 2021; 65:1047-1131. [PMID: 34624192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The central role of dysregulated kinase activity in the etiology of progressive disorders, including cancer, has fostered incremental efforts on drug discovery programs over the past 40 years. As a result, kinase inhibitors are today one of the most important classes of drugs. The FDA approved 73 small molecule kinase inhibitor drugs until September 2021, and additional inhibitors were approved by other regulatory agencies during that time. To complement the published literature on clinical kinase inhibitors, we have prepared a review that recaps this large data set into an accessible format for the medicinal chemistry community. Along with the therapeutic and pharmacological properties of each kinase inhibitor approved across the world until 2020, we provide the synthesis routes originally used during the discovery phase, many of which were only available in patent applications. In the last section, we also provide an update on kinase inhibitor drugs approved in 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia C Ayala-Aguilera
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Valero
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Álvaro Lorente-Macías
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Baillache
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Croke
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
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6
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Martinez-Peinado N, Lorente-Macías Á, García-Salguero A, Cortes-Serra N, Fenollar-Collado Á, Ros-Lucas A, Gascon J, Pinazo MJ, Molina IJ, Unciti-Broceta A, Díaz-Mochón JJ, Pineda de las Infantas y Villatoro MJ, Izquierdo L, Alonso-Padilla J. Novel Purine Chemotypes with Activity against Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma cruzi. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070638. [PMID: 34358064 PMCID: PMC8308784 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria and Chagas disease, caused by Plasmodium spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi parasites, remain important global health problems. Available treatments for those diseases present several limitations, such as lack of efficacy, toxic side effects, and drug resistance. Thus, new drugs are urgently needed. The discovery of new drugs may be benefited by considering the significant biological differences between hosts and parasites. One of the most striking differences is found in the purine metabolism, because most of the parasites are incapable of de novo purine biosynthesis. Herein, we have analyzed the in vitro anti-P. falciparum and anti-T. cruzi activity of a collection of 81 purine derivatives and pyrimidine analogs. We firstly used a primary screening at three fixed concentrations (100, 10, and 1 µM) and progressed those compounds that kept the growth of the parasites < 30% at 100 µM to dose–response assays. Then, we performed two different cytotoxicity assays on Vero cells and human HepG2 cells. Finally, compounds specifically active against T. cruzi were tested against intracellular amastigote forms. Purines 33 (IC50 = 19.19 µM) and 76 (IC50 = 18.27 µM) were the most potent against P. falciparum. On the other hand, 6D (IC50 = 3.78 µM) and 34 (IC50 = 4.24 µM) were identified as hit purines against T. cruzi amastigotes. Moreover, an in silico docking study revealed that P. falciparum and T. cruzi hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase enzymes could be the potential targets of those compounds. Our study identified two novel, purine-based chemotypes that could be further optimized to generate potent and diversified anti-parasitic drugs against both parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Martinez-Peinado
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-P.); (A.G.-S.); (N.C.-S.); (Á.F.-C.); (A.R.-L.); (J.G.); (M.-J.P.)
| | - Álvaro Lorente-Macías
- Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of “Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.L.-M.); (J.J.D.-M.)
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain;
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK;
| | - Alejandro García-Salguero
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-P.); (A.G.-S.); (N.C.-S.); (Á.F.-C.); (A.R.-L.); (J.G.); (M.-J.P.)
| | - Nuria Cortes-Serra
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-P.); (A.G.-S.); (N.C.-S.); (Á.F.-C.); (A.R.-L.); (J.G.); (M.-J.P.)
| | - Ángel Fenollar-Collado
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-P.); (A.G.-S.); (N.C.-S.); (Á.F.-C.); (A.R.-L.); (J.G.); (M.-J.P.)
| | - Albert Ros-Lucas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-P.); (A.G.-S.); (N.C.-S.); (Á.F.-C.); (A.R.-L.); (J.G.); (M.-J.P.)
| | - Joaquim Gascon
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-P.); (A.G.-S.); (N.C.-S.); (Á.F.-C.); (A.R.-L.); (J.G.); (M.-J.P.)
| | - Maria-Jesus Pinazo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-P.); (A.G.-S.); (N.C.-S.); (Á.F.-C.); (A.R.-L.); (J.G.); (M.-J.P.)
| | - Ignacio J. Molina
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain;
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK;
| | - Juan J. Díaz-Mochón
- Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of “Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.L.-M.); (J.J.D.-M.)
| | - María J. Pineda de las Infantas y Villatoro
- Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of “Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.L.-M.); (J.J.D.-M.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.P.d.l.I.y.V.); (L.I.); (J.A.-P.); Tel.: +34-958249360 (M.J.P.d.l.I.y.V.); +34-932275400 (ext. 4569) (L.I.); +34-932275400 (ext. 4569) (J.A.-P.)
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-P.); (A.G.-S.); (N.C.-S.); (Á.F.-C.); (A.R.-L.); (J.G.); (M.-J.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.P.d.l.I.y.V.); (L.I.); (J.A.-P.); Tel.: +34-958249360 (M.J.P.d.l.I.y.V.); +34-932275400 (ext. 4569) (L.I.); +34-932275400 (ext. 4569) (J.A.-P.)
| | - Julio Alonso-Padilla
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-P.); (A.G.-S.); (N.C.-S.); (Á.F.-C.); (A.R.-L.); (J.G.); (M.-J.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.P.d.l.I.y.V.); (L.I.); (J.A.-P.); Tel.: +34-958249360 (M.J.P.d.l.I.y.V.); +34-932275400 (ext. 4569) (L.I.); +34-932275400 (ext. 4569) (J.A.-P.)
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7
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Lorente-Macías Á, Iañez I, Jiménez-López MC, Benítez-Quesada M, Torres-Rusillo S, Díaz-Mochón JJ, Molina IJ, Pineda de Las Infantas MJ. Synthesis and screening of 6-alkoxy purine analogs as cell type-selective apoptotic inducers in Jurkat cells. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100095. [PMID: 34128249 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Purines are ubiquitous structures in cell biology involved in a multitude of cellular processes, because of which substituted purines and analogs are considered excellent scaffolds in drug design. In this study, we explored the key structural features of a purine-based proapoptotic hit, 8-tert-butyl-9-phenyl-6-benzyloxy-9H-purine (1), by setting up a library of 6-alkoxy purines with the aim of elucidating the structural requirements that govern its biological activity and to study the cell selectivity of this chemotype. This was done by a phenotypic screening approach based on cell cycle analysis of a panel of six human cancer cell lines, including T cell leukemia Jurkat cells. From this study, two derivatives (12 and 13) were identified as Jurkat-selective proapoptotic compounds, displaying superior potency and cell selectivity than hit 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Lorente-Macías
- Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of "Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Iañez
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Carmen Jiménez-López
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Benítez-Quesada
- Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of "Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sara Torres-Rusillo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan J Díaz-Mochón
- Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of "Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio J Molina
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María J Pineda de Las Infantas
- Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of "Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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8
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Wang CB, Lorente-Macías Á, Wells C, Pickett JE, Picado A, Zuercher WJ, Axtman AD. Towards a RIOK2 chemical probe: cellular potency improvement of a selective 2-(acylamino)pyridine series. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:129-136. [PMID: 34046605 PMCID: PMC8130602 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00292e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RIOK2 is an understudied kinase associated with a variety of human cancers including non-small cell lung cancer and glioblastoma. No potent, selective, and cell-active chemical probe currently exists for RIOK2. Such a reagent would expedite re-search into the biological functions of RIOK2 and validate it as a therapeutic target. Herein, we describe the synthesis of naphthyl-pyridine based compounds that have improved cellular activity while maintaining selectivity for RIOK2. While our compounds do not represent RIOK2 chemical probes, they are the best available tool molecules to begin to characterize RIOK2 function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Wang
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Álvaro Lorente-Macías
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, University of Granada Granada 18071 Spain
| | - Carrow Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Julie E Pickett
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Alfredo Picado
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - William J Zuercher
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Alison D Axtman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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9
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Caplan T, Lorente-Macías Á, Stogios PJ, Evdokimova E, Hyde S, Wellington MA, Liston S, Iyer KR, Puumala E, Shekhar-Guturja T, Robbins N, Savchenko A, Krysan DJ, Whitesell L, Zuercher WJ, Cowen LE. Overcoming Fungal Echinocandin Resistance through Inhibition of the Non-essential Stress Kinase Yck2. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:269-282.e5. [PMID: 31924499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
New strategies are urgently needed to counter the threat to human health posed by drug-resistant fungi. To explore an as-yet unexploited target space for antifungals, we screened a library of protein kinase inhibitors for the ability to reverse resistance of the most common human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, to caspofungin, a widely used antifungal. This screen identified multiple 2,3-aryl-pyrazolopyridine scaffold compounds capable of restoring caspofungin sensitivity. Using chemical genomic, biochemical, and structural approaches, we established the target for our most potent compound as Yck2, a casein kinase 1 family member. Combination of this compound with caspofungin eradicated drug-resistant C. albicans infection while sparing co-cultured human cells. In mice, genetic depletion of YCK2 caused an ∼3-log10 decline in fungal burden in a model of systemic caspofungin-resistant C. albicans infection. Structural insights and our tool compound's profile in culture support targeting the Yck2 kinase function as a broadly active antifungal strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavia Caplan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Álvaro Lorente-Macías
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of "Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Peter J Stogios
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID), Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Elena Evdokimova
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID), Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Sabrina Hyde
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Melanie A Wellington
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology/Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sean Liston
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Kali R Iyer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Emily Puumala
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Tanvi Shekhar-Guturja
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Nicole Robbins
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Alexei Savchenko
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID), Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Damian J Krysan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology/Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - William J Zuercher
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Leah E Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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Lorente-Macías Á, Benítez-Quesada M, Molina IJ, Unciti-Broceta A, Díaz-Mochón JJ, Pineda de Las Infantas Villatoro MJ. 1 H and 13 C assignments of 6-, 8-, 9- substituted purines. Magn Reson Chem 2018; 56:852-859. [PMID: 29677390 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Lorente-Macías
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomedica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Benítez-Quesada
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio J Molina
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomedica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada University Hospitals and University of Granada, Spain
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Ediburgh Cancer Research UK Centre MBC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4, 2XR, UK
| | - Juan José Díaz-Mochón
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Avenida de la Ilustración 114, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía de Genómica e Investigación Oncológica (GENYO), 18016, Granada, Spain
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