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Singh VK, Singh S, Nandhini PB, Bhatia AK, Dixit SP, Ganguly I. Comparative genomic diversity analysis of copy number variations (CNV) in indicine and taurine cattle thriving in Europe and Indian subcontinent. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3483-3494. [PMID: 36592947 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2162910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) include deletions, duplications, and insertions that are larger than 50 bp in size causing structural variation responsible for diversity, adaptation, and breed development. Indian cattle breeds are highly diverse from the taurine breeds. The pattern of CNVRs in 191 animals belonging to 39 cattle breeds (four Indicine and 35 Taurine) was studied based on Illumina 777K BovineHD chip data. The Indicine breeds revealed 2590 CNVs and 335 copy number variation regions (CNVRs) in autosomes. Out of the identified CNVs, 50 were found to be novel. Structure analysis revealed admixed nature of Siri. Neighbor joining tree from CNVR data showed that hot (Kankrej and Hallikar) and cold (Ladakhi and Siri) adapted cattle breeds clustered separately. CNVR of Indian and European breeds revealed that Balkan and Italian breeds of Podolian group are admixed with Indian cattle breeds corroborating indicine introgression (6.1-13.5%). CNVRs spanning the regions of olfactory receptors and immune system genes were identified. AMOVA revealed 9% variation among populations which is 2% greater than SNP based studies showing higher inclusion of variation by CNVR. Detailed analysis of CNVs/CNVRs in Indian cattle adapted to hot and cold climate, and their diversity among worldwide cattle is presented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Singh
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - S Singh
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - P B Nandhini
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - A K Bhatia
- Animal Genetic Resources Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - S P Dixit
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - I Ganguly
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
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Wiegman A, Ruzza A, Hovingh GK, Santos RD, Mach F, Stefanutti C, Luirink I, Bridges I, Wang B, Bhatia AK, Raal FJ, Kastelein JJP, Gaudet D. Evolocumab treatment reduces carotid intima-media thickness in paediatric patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterised by high plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Previous studies show that carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is increased in children with FH, an indicator of early ASCVD. Add-on treatment with the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor, evolocumab, substantially reduced atherosclerotic lipid levels in children with heterozygous FH (HeFH) and was safe and well tolerated. The effect of evolocumab on cIMT in paediatric patients (pts) has not been investigated.
Purpose
To investigate the effect of evolocumab treatment on cIMT progression in paediatric pts with HeFH.
Methods
HAUSER-RCT was a multicenter, randomised, placebo-controlled study in which paediatric FH pts (ages 10–17 years) received monthly subcutaneous injections of evolocumab 420 mg or placebo. Of 157 pts, 150 continued to an open-label extension study (HAUSER-OLE) during which all received up to 80 weeks of monthly evolocumab 420 mg on top of stable background statin therapy. cIMT was measured by B-mode ultrasound scanning at baseline, week 24 of the RCT, and weeks 24, 48, and 80 of the OLE. cIMT was measured on anterior, lateral, and posterior imaging angles of the right and left common carotid artery. Mean thickness at each visit and mean changes from baseline were summarised by treatment received during the RCT and artery location. In addition, the largest measurements (anterior, lateral, or posterior) from a patient's left and right carotid artery were averaged to calculate a summary score.
Results
Mean baseline cIMT summary score was 0.568 mm (SD=0.06) for 46 placebo pts and 0.586 mm (SD=0.06) for 82 evolocumab pts. During the RCT, 37 placebo pts had a mean increase of 0.006 mm (SD=0.05) from baseline to week 24; in contrast, 76 evolocumab pts had a mean decrease of 0.003 mm (SD=0.05). Although this treatment group difference was not statistically significant (P=0.403), the pattern of increased cIMT for placebo and decreased cIMT for evolocumab was consistent across artery locations (Table). During the OLE, for pts who initially received placebo, mean cIMT summary score decreased by 0.019 mm (SD=0.04, n=34) from baseline to week 80 (P=0.007) (Figure). Pts who received evolocumab in both the RCT and OLE showed continued improvement during the OLE; at week 80, mean cIMT summary score decreased by 0.012 mm (SD=0.05, n=59) from baseline (P=0.067). For all pts at week 80 (n=128), the mean decrease in LDL-C from baseline was 35.3% (SD=28.0).
Conclusions
Open-label evolocumab treatment for up to 80 weeks led to reductions in mean cIMT. In this small sample of pts with FH, the data suggest that the addition of PCSK9 inhibition to background lipid-lowering therapy has the potential to reduce the risk of ASCVD progression and future cardiovascular events in this vulnerable paediatric population.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Amgen, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wiegman
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Paediatrics, Location AMC , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - A Ruzza
- Amgen , Thousand Oaks , United States of America
| | - G K Hovingh
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Vascular Medicine, Location AMC , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - R D Santos
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital and Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Lipid Clinic at the Heart Institute (InCor) , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - F Mach
- Geneva University Hospitals, Cardiology Department , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - C Stefanutti
- Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Molecular Medicine , Rome , Italy
| | - I Luirink
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Paediatrics, Location AMC , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - I Bridges
- Amgen Ltd, Biostatistics Department , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - B Wang
- Amgen , Thousand Oaks , United States of America
| | - A K Bhatia
- Amgen , Thousand Oaks , United States of America
| | - F J Raal
- University of the Witwatersrand, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Faculty of Health Sciences , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - J J P Kastelein
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Vascular Medicine , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - D Gaudet
- Universite de Montreal, Clinical Lipidology and Rare Lipid Disorders Unit, Community Genomic Medicine Centre and ECOGENE-21 , Quebec , Canada
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Dixit SP, Bhatia AK, Ganguly I, Singh S, Dash S, Sharma A, Anandkumar N, Dang AK, Jayakumar S. Genome analyses revealed genetic admixture and selection signatures in Bos indicus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21924. [PMID: 34753978 PMCID: PMC8578574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic diversity and relationship among seven diverse cattle breeds viz. Sahiwal, Tharparkar, Gir, Vechur, Ongole, Kangayam and Hariana were investigated in 132 random samples based on high density SNP array comprising > 777 K SNPs. A total of 1993 SNPs (0.25% of the total) having greater power (FST ≥ 0.20) to differentiate these cattle populations were identified, and utilized to partition genome of each animal into a predefined number of clusters. The structure of these cattle indicated shared ancestry of dairy breeds viz. Gir, Tharparkar and Sahiwal. Most of the animals (> 76%) of different populations under study except Vechur clustered into their own group of animals called breed. Vechur population retained highest rate of admixture, consistent with its crossing with other breeds. Ongole, Kangayam and Hariana shared comparatively less of their genome (≤ 15%) with other breeds. The study indicated that all seven breeds evolved from their independent ancestry but there was intermixing of these breeds in the recent past. The selection signatures identified between draft (Kangayam) and dairy breeds included several genes like FAM19A2, RAB31P, BEST3, DGKA, AHCY, PIGU and PFKP which are involved in immune response, metabolic pathway, transportation of glucose and sugars, signaling pathways, cellular processes, cell division and glycolysis regulation, respectively. Moreover, these genomic regions also harbour QTLs affecting milk performance traits. The signatures were also identified even between the dairy breeds. In comparison to large-sized cattle, there were significant differences in the number of QTLs affecting production (body weight, growth rate etc.) and morphological traits (height) in short-statured Vechur breed. The presence of HMGA2 gene in the selection signature on chromosome 5 may explain the variations in stature between these cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Dixit
- ICAR - National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - A K Bhatia
- ICAR - National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Indrajit Ganguly
- ICAR - National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Sanjeev Singh
- ICAR - National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Soumya Dash
- ICAR - National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Anurodh Sharma
- ICAR - National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - N Anandkumar
- ICAR - National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - A K Dang
- ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - S Jayakumar
- ICAR - National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
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Gupta S, Singh SV, Singh M, Chaubey KK, Karthik K, Bhatia AK, Kumar N, Dhama K. Vaccine approaches for the 'therapeutic management' of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in domestic livestock. Vet Q 2020; 39:143-152. [PMID: 31524561 PMCID: PMC6831026 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2019.1667042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High endemicity of Johne’s disease (JD) in herds adversely affects heavy milk yielding breeds by reducing the per animal productivity and ‘productive life-span’. This review evaluates different vaccines used for its control and summarizes the benefits of ‘global vaccine’ in the four major domestic livestock species, namely goat, sheep, buffalo and cattle. Vaccines developed by using ‘native strains’ revealed both 'therapeutic' and preventive effects in domestic livestock. The 'therapeutic' role of vaccine in animals suffering from clinical JD turned out to be valuable in some cases by reversing the disease process and animals returning back to health and production. Good herd management, improved hygiene, ‘test and cull’ methodology, proper disposal of animal excreta and monitoring of MAP bio-load were also regarded as crucial in the 'therapeutic' management of JD. Vaccine approaches have been widely adopted in JD control programs and may be considered as a valuable adjunct in order to utilize huge populations of otherwise un-productive livestock. It has been shown that vaccination was the preeminent strategy to control JD, because it yielded approximately 3–4 times better benefit-to-cost ratios than other strategies. Internationally, 146 vaccine trials/studies have been conducted in different countries for the control of JD and have shown remarkable reduction in its national prevalence. It is concluded that for JD, there cannot be global vaccines or diagnostic kits as solutions have to come from locally prevalent strains of MAP. Despite some limitations, vaccines might still be an effective strategy to reduce or eradicate JD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University , Mathura , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Shoor Vir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University , Mathura , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Manju Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University , Mathura , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | | | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - A K Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University , Mathura , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Veterinary Type Culture Collection, NRC on Equines, Indian Council of Agricultural Research , Hisar , Haryana, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar, Bareilly , Uttar Pradesh , India
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Dash S, Singh A, Bhatia AK, Jayakumar S, Sharma A, Singh S, Ganguly I, Dixit SP. Evaluation of Bovine High-Density SNP Genotyping Array in Indigenous Dairy Cattle Breeds. Anim Biotechnol 2017. [PMID: 28636460 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2017.1329150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In total 52 samples of Sahiwal ( 19 ), Tharparkar ( 17 ), and Gir ( 16 ) were genotyped by using BovineHD SNP chip to analyze minor allele frequency (MAF), genetic diversity, and linkage disequilibrium among these cattle. The common SNPs of BovineHD and 54K SNP Chips were also extracted and evaluated for their performance. Only 40%-50% SNPs of these arrays was found informative for genetic analysis in these cattle breeds. The overall mean of MAF for SNPs of BovineHD SNPChip was 0.248 ± 0.006, 0.241 ± 0.007, and 0.242 ± 0.009 in Sahiwal, Tharparkar and Gir, respectively, while that for 54K SNPs was on lower side. The average Reynold's genetic distance between breeds ranged from 0.042 to 0.055 based on BovineHD Beadchip, and from 0.052 to 0.084 based on 54K SNP Chip. The estimates of genetic diversity based on HD and 54K chips were almost same and, hence, low density chip seems to be good enough to decipher genetic diversity of these cattle breeds. The linkage disequilibrium started decaying (r2 < 0.2) at 140 kb inter-marker distance and, hence, a 20K low density customized SNP array from HD chip could be designed for genomic selection in these cattle else the 54K Bead Chip as such will be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dash
- a ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal , Haryana , India
| | - A Singh
- a ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal , Haryana , India
| | - A K Bhatia
- b ICAR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , Haryana , India
| | - S Jayakumar
- b ICAR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , Haryana , India
| | - A Sharma
- b ICAR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , Haryana , India
| | - S Singh
- b ICAR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , Haryana , India
| | - I Ganguly
- b ICAR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , Haryana , India
| | - S P Dixit
- b ICAR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , Haryana , India
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Bharshiv CK, Garg SK, Bhatia AK. Immunomodulatory activity of aqueous extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flowers with particular reference to splenocytes proliferation and cytokines induction. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 48:412-417. [PMID: 27756953 PMCID: PMC4980930 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.186210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the immunomodulatory activity of aqueous extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flowers (NAFE) with particular reference to splenocytes proliferation and induction of cytokines. Materials and Methods: Antibody titer was determined by tube agglutination and indirect ELISA assay in four groups of mice-control, antigen alone, and NAFE-treated (400 and 800 mg/kg for 21 days) after immunization with Salmonella antigen while cellular immunity was studied in three groups of rats (control and NAFE-treated - 400 and 800 mg/kg) following DNCB application. Splenocytes from untreated and NAFE-treated rats were stimulated using concanavalin-A (Con-A) and optical density (OD) and stimulation index were determined. Splenocytes from control rats were also treated in vitro with NAFE (50–1600 μg/ml) and Con-A to determine the effect on splenocytes proliferation. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 levels in splenocytes supernatant from control and NAFE-treated rats and following in vitro treatment of splenocytes with NAFE (50–1600 μg/ml) were determined using ELISA kits. Results: Marked to a significant increase in antibody titer by both the methods in NAFE-treated mice and a significant increase in skin thickness in rats after challenge with DNCB, respectively suggested humoral and cell-mediated immunostimulant potential of NAFE. Significant increase in OD and stimulation index following e x vivo and in vitro exposure of splenocytes and sensitization with Con-A and significant elevation in IL-2 and IL-6 levels in splenocytes supernantant was also observed after their ex vivo and in vitro exposure to NAFE. Conclusion: Humoral and cell-mediated immunostimulant activity of NAFE seems to be mediated through splenocytes proliferation and increased production of cytokines, especially IL-2 and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabhan Kumar Bharshiv
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayaya Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satish Kumar Garg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayaya Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Bhatia
- Department of Microbiology, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayaya Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Jayanthi M, Garg SK, Yadav P, Bhatia AK, Goel A. Some newer marker phytoconstituents in methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves and evaluation of its immunomodulatory and splenocytes proliferation potential in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2016; 47:518-23. [PMID: 26600641 PMCID: PMC4621673 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.165199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The present study was undertaken to unravel the newer marker phytoconstituents in methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLE) and evaluation of its immunomodulatory and splenocytes proliferation potential in rats. Materials and Methods: Hot methanolic extract of MOLE was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Immunomodulatory potential was studied in four groups of rats following administration of MOLE at 62.5 and 125 mg/kg for 21 days, followed by immunization with Salmonella typhimurium “O” antigen and antibody titer determined using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Total lymphocytes and T- and B-lymphocytes count were determined in control and after MOLE administration (62.5 and 125 mg/kg) to rats for 42 days. Splenocytes (2 × 106 spleen cells/ml) from MOLE treated rats were harvested and stimulated using concanavalin A and optical density (OD) and stimulation index were determined. Splenocytes from healthy control rats were also collected and treated in vitro with different concentrations of MOLE (5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 µg/ml) and concanavalin A to determine effect of MOLE on OD and stimulation index. Results: GC-MS analysis revealed presence of 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid ethyl ester, 6-octadecenoic acid, cis-vaccenic acid and 2-octyl-cyclopropaneoctanal in MOLE. MOLE at 125 mg/kg increased the antibody titer by 50%. Although there was slight decline in lymphocytes count (total, B- and T-lymphocytes) in MOLE treated rats, percentage of T-lymphocytes was increased nonsignificantly. Ex vivo and in vitro studies revealed marked increase in OD and stimulation index indicating MOLE-induced splenocytes proliferation. Conclusion: GC-MS study revealed four new compounds in MOLE apart from promising its immunomodulatory potential based on humoral immune response, percentage increase in T-lymphocytes count, and induction of splenocytes proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jayanthi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayaya Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satish K Garg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayaya Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayaya Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Bhatia
- Department of Microbiology, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayaya Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjana Goel
- Department of Microbiology, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayaya Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Singh SV, Singh PK, Singh AV, Sohal JS, Kumar N, Chaubey KK, Gupta S, Rawat KD, Kumar A, Bhatia AK, Srivastav AK, Dhama K. 'Bio-load' and bio-type profiles of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in the domestic livestock population endemic for Johne's disease: a survey of 28 years (1985-2013) in India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 61 Suppl 1:43-55. [PMID: 25135463 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bio-load and bio-profile of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis was studied in the domestic livestock population of the country. Of the 23,429 farm and farmer's animals screened, average bio-load was 23.3% (Period of study; 28 years for goats; 13 years for sheep, cattle and buffaloes). Species-wise, bio-load was 20.1, 32.7, 39.3 and 28.3% in goats, sheep, cattle and buffaloes, respectively. Bio-load was significantly lower in time period A (P < 0.001) and B (P < 0.03), compared with period C. Geographical zone-wise, bio-load of MAP was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Central zone compared with South, West, East and North zones. Bio-load in 11 states ranged from 16.2 to 87.8%. Of 8450, 5643, 8185 and 1151 samples screened by microscopy, culture, indigenous ELISA and IS900 blood PCR, 20.0, 10.6, 35.1 and 26.6% samples were positive, respectively. Bio-load was 32.8 and 31.6% in farm and farmer's goats and sheep, respectively, and 62.1% in farmer's cattle. MAP bio-load was also monitored in four farm units (three goats and one sheep) for breed improvement and three farm goats units for experimental purposes at Central Institute for Research on Goats in Mathura district. Of the 8025 goats and 1525 sheep that died from 1988 to 2013, 10.9 and 3.0% deaths were due to JD, respectively. On the basis of JD and suspected JD, 10.0 and 28.4% goats and 2.2 and 40.9% sheep, respectively were culled from the farm units in 25 years. Microscopic examination of 214 tissues (mesenteric lymph nodes and intestines) of 107 animals, it was observed that bio-load of MAP was high (25.0-60.0%) in farm animals. 'Indian Bison Type' was the dominant biotype, irrespective of domestic livestock species and the geographical zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Singh
- Microbiology Lab, Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Mathura, India
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Dash SK, Kumar K, Tewari A, Varshney P, Goel A, Bhatia AK. Detection of rotavirus from hospitalized diarrheic children in uttar pradesh, India. Indian J Microbiol 2013; 52:472-7. [PMID: 23997341 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-012-0279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study 220 stool samples collected from diarrheic children admitted to different hospitals and nursing homes of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand were screened for rotavirus. Of 220 diarrheic samples screened 46 samples were found to be positive for rotavirus by RNA PAGE. All the isolates exhibited 4-2-3-2 migration pattern suggesting group A rotavirus. Both long and short electropherotypes were prevalent in these regions. Six different electropherotypes were detected in this study period. Male diarrheic children were found to be more susceptible to rotavirus infection (22.96 %) than that of the female ones (17.64 %). Viral RNA isolated from stool samples again subjected to VP4 gene amplification by RT-PCR using con2 and con3 primer which resulted 876 bp product suggesting group A rotavirus. Besides virus isolation was successfully done using MA104 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Dash
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, 281001 Uttar Pradesh India ; Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122 India
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Parashar D, Srivastava RK, Chauhan DS, Sharma VD, Singh M, Lavania M, Chauhan A, Bhatia AK, Katoch VM. Characterization of mycobacteria isolated from bovines by PRA-targetting hsp 65 gene region. J Commun Dis 2006; 38:263-8. [PMID: 17373358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis is a major infectious disease of animals and has zoonotic importance for humans. Even though the incidence is believed to be very low in India, human tuberculosis caused by M. bovis has been increasingly recognized in many other countries of the world. As differentiation of mycobacterial species take long time, a method for the rapid identification of mycobacteria isolated from bovine samples to the species level was used, which is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the gene encoding for the 65-kD protein followed by restriction analysis. The method involves restriction enzyme analysis of PCR products obtained with primers common to all mycobacteria and generate M. tuberculosis complex specific pattern. PRA was performed on 33 bovine isolates of which 90.9% (30/33) isolates were identified clearly as M. tuberculosis complex, M. fortuitum, M. phlei and M. smegmatis using restriction enzyme Hae III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Parashar
- Deptt of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra 282001
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Sakha BM, Bhatia AK, Batra VK, Chaudhary VK, Batra P, Khurana SC. In vitro microtuberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars. Indian J Exp Biol 2004; 42:1245-7. [PMID: 15623240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Mechanism of microtuberization in three elite cultivars kufri badhsha (KB), kufri chandramukhi (KCM) and kufri jawahar (KJ) of potato was studied. Sprouts of all the three cultivars were used to obtain in vitro shoot cultures. MS medium supplemented with chlorocholine chloride was found to be most suitable for all the cultivars. Maximum tuberization was obtained under incubation conditions of continuous darkness at 20 degrees +/- 1 degrees C. The highest number of micro-tubers per plant basis was produced under continuous darkness and KCM recorded the highest yield of micro-tubers and was found significantly superior to KJ and KB.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Sakha
- Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India
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Abstract
The phase-amplitude method for solving the Schrödinger equation is implemented for free-free absorption in a hot, dense plasma. The method is benchmarked against two independent direct Schrödinger calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burke Ritchie
- University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Bhalla CP, Grabbe SR, Bhatia AK. Differential cross sections for the electron-impact excitation of hydrogenlike carbon. Phys Rev A 1995; 52:2109-2119. [PMID: 9912470 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Baliyan KS, Bhatia AK. Oscillator strengths for the transitions in Ca XIII. Phys Rev A 1993; 48:250-257. [PMID: 9909594 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Chung KT, Bhatia AK. Importance of parametrizing constraints in quantum-mechanical variational calculations. Phys Rev A 1992; 45:1449-1453. [PMID: 9907125 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.45.1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Katiyar SK, Agarwal R, Wang ZY, Bhatia AK, Mukhtar H. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in Camellia sinensis leaves from Himalayan region of Sikkim: inhibitory effects against biochemical events and tumor initiation in Sencar mouse skin. Nutr Cancer 1992; 18:73-83. [PMID: 1408948 DOI: 10.1080/01635589209514207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we and others showed that the components of green tea may be useful cancer chemopreventive agents. It has been suggested that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major constituent in green tea, may possess antitumor-promoting and/or anticarcinogenic effects in rodent tumor bioassay systems. During the chemical analysis of various green tea products, we found a traditionally preserved preparation of green tea used by tribes in the Himalayan region of Sikkim, India that was rich in EGCG. EGCG was isolated from this tea product, and its inhibitory effects were evaluated against the binding of topically applied 3H-labeled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to epidermal DNA and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) caused induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in Sencar mice, the short-term markers of tumor initiation and tumor promotion, respectively. Preapplication of EGCG resulted in significant inhibition (p less than 0.05) in the binding of [3H]PAH to epidermal DNA. Similarly, the topical application of EGCG resulted in significant inhibition (p less than 0.005) in TPA-caused induction of epidermal ODC activity. In further studies, we assessed the anti-skin tumor-initiating effect of EGCG in Sencar mice in an initiation-promotion protocol. The application of EGCG before challenge with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene as tumor initiator resulted in significant reduction both in percentage of mice with tumors and number of tumors per mouse compared with a non-EGCG-pretreated group of animals. The results of the present study suggest that the green tea preparation from Sikkim may be a good source for the isolation of EGCG and that this compound may have significant potential as a cancer chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Katiyar
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, OH
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Doschek GA, Feldman U, Bhatia AK. Intensities of the neonlike iron (Fe16+) 2p53s-2p53p and 2p53p-2p53d transitions in solar-flare spectra. Phys Rev A 1991; 43:2565-2568. [PMID: 9905312 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.43.2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Datla RU, Roberts JR, Bhatia AK. Relative populations of excited levels within the ground configuration of Si-like Cu, Zn, Ge, and Se ions. Phys Rev A 1991; 43:1110-1113. [PMID: 9905130 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.43.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Drachman RJ, Bhatia AK, Shabazz AA. Two-photon transitions in hydrogen: A test of pseudostate summation. Phys Rev A 1990; 42:6333-6335. [PMID: 9903930 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.42.6333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Bhatia AK, Ho YK. Complex-coordinate calculation of 1De resonances using Hylleraas functions. Phys Rev A 1990; 41:504-507. [PMID: 9902895 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.41.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Elton RC, Datla RU, Roberts JR, Bhatia AK. Neonlike Ar and Cl 3p-3s emission from a theta -pinch plasma. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1989; 40:4142-4144. [PMID: 9902648 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.40.4142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Temkin A, Bhatia AK. Polarization asymmetry in two-electron photodetachment: A cogent test of the ionization threshold law. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1988; 38:494-496. [PMID: 9900190 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.38.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Kastner SO, Bhatia AK. Discrete fluorescent saturation regimes in multilevel systems. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1988; 37:1003-1006. [PMID: 9899751 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.37.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Huang LK, Lippmann S, Yu TL, Stratton BC, Moos HW, Finkenthal M, Hodge WL, Rowan WL, Richards B, Phillips PE, Bhatia AK. Experimental determination of line-intensity ratios of transitions within the n=2 complex of Be. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1987; 35:2919-2927. [PMID: 9898492 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.35.2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Berk A, Bhatia AK, Junker BR, Temkin A. Projection-operator calculations of the lowest e--He resonance. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1986; 34:4591-4597. [PMID: 9897839 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.34.4591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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