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Hermenau J, Ibañez-Azpiroz J, Hübner C, Sonntag A, Baxevanis B, Ton KT, Steinbrecher M, Khajetoorians AA, Dos Santos Dias M, Blügel S, Wiesendanger R, Lounis S, Wiebe J. A gateway towards non-collinear spin processing using three-atom magnets with strong substrate coupling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:642. [PMID: 28935897 PMCID: PMC5608713 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A cluster of a few magnetic atoms on the surface of a nonmagnetic substrate is one suitable realization of a bit for spin-based information technology. The prevalent approach to achieve magnetic stability is decoupling the cluster spin from substrate conduction electrons in order to suppress destabilizing spin-flips. However, this route entails less flexibility in tailoring the coupling between the bits needed for spin-processing. Here, we use a spin-resolved scanning tunneling microscope to write, read, and store spin information for hours in clusters of three atoms strongly coupled to a substrate featuring a cloud of non-collinearly polarized host atoms, a so-called non-collinear giant moment cluster. The giant moment cluster can be driven into a Kondo screened state by simply moving one of its atoms to a different site. Using the exceptional atomic tunability of the non-collinear substrate mediated Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, we propose a logical scheme for a four-state memory. Information technology based on few atom magnets requires both long spin-energy relaxation times and flexible inter-bit coupling. Here, the authors show routes to manipulate information in three-atom clusters strongly coupled to substrate electrons by exploiting Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hermenau
- Department of Physics, Hamburg University, 20355, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Ibañez-Azpiroz
- Peter Grünberg Institute and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich & JARA, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Chr Hübner
- Department of Physics, Hamburg University, 20355, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Sonntag
- Department of Physics, Hamburg University, 20355, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Baxevanis
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, 2333, CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K T Ton
- Department of Physics, Hamburg University, 20355, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Steinbrecher
- Department of Physics, Hamburg University, 20355, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A A Khajetoorians
- Department of Physics, Hamburg University, 20355, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Dos Santos Dias
- Peter Grünberg Institute and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich & JARA, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - S Blügel
- Peter Grünberg Institute and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich & JARA, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - R Wiesendanger
- Department of Physics, Hamburg University, 20355, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Lounis
- Peter Grünberg Institute and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich & JARA, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - J Wiebe
- Department of Physics, Hamburg University, 20355, Hamburg, Germany.
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Cazzaniga S, Ballmer-Weber B, Gräni N, Spring P, Bircher A, Anliker M, Sonntag A, Piletta P, Huber C, Borradori L, Diepgen T, Apfelbacher C, Simon D. Medical, psychological and socio-economic implications of chronic hand eczema: a cross-sectional study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:628-37. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Cazzaniga
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital; Bern University Hospital; Bern Switzerland
- Centro Studi GISED; Bergamo Italy
| | - B.K. Ballmer-Weber
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - N. Gräni
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - P. Spring
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital of Lausanne CHUV; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - A. Bircher
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - M. Anliker
- Department of Dermatology; Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - A.K. Sonntag
- Department of Dermatology; Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Aarau Switzerland
| | - P. Piletta
- Department of Dermatology; Geneva University Hospitals (HUG); Geneva Switzerland
| | - C. Huber
- Department of Dermatology; Geneva University Hospitals (HUG); Geneva Switzerland
| | - L. Borradori
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital; Bern University Hospital; Bern Switzerland
| | - T. Diepgen
- Department of Clinical Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; University Hospital; Ruprecht Karls University; Heidelberg Germany
| | - C. Apfelbacher
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - D. Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital; Bern University Hospital; Bern Switzerland
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3
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Sonntag A, Hermenau J, Krause S, Wiesendanger R. Thermal stability of an interface-stabilized skyrmion lattice. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:077202. [PMID: 25170729 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.077202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The thermal stability of the magnetic nano-skyrmion lattice in the monolayer Fe/Ir(111) is investigated using temperature dependent spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. Our experiments show that the skyrmion lattice disappears at a temperature of T_{c}=27.8 K, indicating a loss of long-range magnetic order. At second-layer iron islands the lattice is pinned and local order persists at temperatures above T_{c}. The findings are explained in terms of the complex magnetic interactions involved in the formation of the skyrmion lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sonntag
- Institute of Applied Physics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Hamburg, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Hermenau
- Institute of Applied Physics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Hamburg, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Krause
- Institute of Applied Physics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Hamburg, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Wiesendanger
- Institute of Applied Physics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Hamburg, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
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Sonntag A, Hermenau J, Schlenhoff A, Friedlein J, Krause S, Wiesendanger R. Electric-field-induced magnetic anisotropy in a nanomagnet investigated on the atomic scale. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:017204. [PMID: 24483926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.017204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoelectric coupling is studied using the electric field between the tip of a spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope and a nanomagnet. Our experiments show that a negative (positive) electric field stabilizes (destabilizes) in-plane magnetization against thermal agitation, whereas it destabilizes (stabilizes) out-of-plane magnetization. We conclude that the electric field E induces a uniaxial anisotropy that favors in-plane magnetization for E<0 and out-of-plane magnetization for E>0. Our experiments demonstrate magnetic manipulation on the atomic scale without exploiting spin or charge currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sonntag
- Institute of Applied Physics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Hamburg, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Hermenau
- Institute of Applied Physics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Hamburg, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Schlenhoff
- Institute of Applied Physics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Hamburg, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Friedlein
- Institute of Applied Physics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Hamburg, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Krause
- Institute of Applied Physics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Hamburg, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Wiesendanger
- Institute of Applied Physics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Hamburg, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
The paper describes a simple scheme enabling the real-time characterization of fluctuations, e.g., of the conductance in scanning tunneling microscopy. The technique can be used in parallel to other data acquisition, evaluating the rate, the amplitude, and the duty cycle of telegraphic noise in the tunneling current. This kind of scanning probe microscopy allows to evaluate the noise parameters as a function of the average tunneling current, the electron energy, and the lateral position. Images of the noise with Ångstrom spatial resolution are acquired simultaneously to the topographic information providing a direct correlation between the structural information and the noise. The method can be applied to a large variety of systems to monitor dynamics on the nanoscale, e.g., the localization of tunneling current induced switching within a single molecule. Noise spectroscopy may reveal the involved molecular orbitals, even if they cannot be resolved in standard scanning tunneling spectroscopy. As an example we present experimental data of the organic molecule copper phthalocyanine on a Cu(111) surface [J. Schaffert, M. C. Cottin, A. Sonntag, H. Karacuban, C. A. Bobisch, N. Lorente, J.-P. Gauyacq, and R. Möller, Nature Mater. 12, 223-227 (2013)].
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schaffert
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), 47048 Duisburg, Germany
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Sonntag A, Koch HJ. [Quality management in psychiatry: evaluation of an ergotherapeutical questionnaire before and after treatment]. Versicherungsmedizin 2012; 64:66-69. [PMID: 22808642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In analogy to somatic medicine, modern psychiatry strives to measure the outcome of treatment and care. In order to warrant an effective therapy, this request is reasonable from the standpoint of both the therapist and the patient as well as hospitals or insurance companies. However, how can I measure friendliness, empathy or humanity, the "being available for somebody"? For sure, psychiatric DRGs, which connote efficacy based on periods of time, are by no means suitable. The present study analyses routine clinical data of an ergotherapeutic questionnaire, as an aid to estimating treatment quality. The naturalistic character of this data collection during daily routine may be an advantage to assessing the quality of results in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sonntag
- HELIOS Klinikum Aue, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
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Krause S, Herzog G, Schlenhoff A, Sonntag A, Wiesendanger R. Joule heating and spin-transfer torque investigated on the atomic scale using a spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:186601. [PMID: 22107658 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.186601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The influence of a high spin-polarized tunnel current onto the switching behavior of a superparamagnetic nanoisland on a nonmagnetic substrate is investigated by means of spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. A detailed lifetime analysis allows for a quantification of the effective temperature rise of the nanoisland and the modification of the activation energy barrier for magnetization reversal, thereby using the nanoisland as a local thermometer and spin-transfer torque analyzer. Both the Joule heating and spin-transfer torque are found to scale linearly with the tunnel current. The results are compared to experiments performed on lithographically fabricated magneto-tunnel junctions, revealing a very high spin-transfer torque switching efficiency in our experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krause
- Institute of Applied Physics and Microstructure Research Center, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstr 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany.
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8
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Hennings JM, Owashi T, Binder EB, Horstmann S, Menke A, Kloiber S, Messer T, Pollmächer T, Nickel T, Sonntag A, Uhr M, Ising M, Holsboer F, Lucae S. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcome in a representative sample of depressed inpatients – Findings from the Munich Antidepressant Response Signature project. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Sonntag A. Lungenhilus-Tomographie mit einem vielseitig anwendbaren Ausgleichskörper. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1228752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Bickel H, Bürger K, Hampel H, Schreiber Y, Sonntag A, Wiegele B, Förstl H, Kurz A. [Presenile dementia in memory clinics--incidence rates and clinical features]. Nervenarzt 2007; 77:1079-85. [PMID: 15959749 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-005-1949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the clinical features of presenile dementia diagnosed in memory clinics. It further gives an estimate of the declared incidence for the German city of Munich and surrounding counties. Twelve memory clinics in Switzerland and Germany were considered, among them all of the four in Munich. A total of 267 patients with onset of illness under the age of 65 were included. Only 16 patients (6%) were younger than 50. Men and women were affected about equally often. The most common cause of dementia was Alzheimer's disease (67%), followed by frontotemporal degeneration (13.5%) and vascular (5.6%) dementia. The declared incidence was estimated at 8.3 new cases of dementia per year among 100,000 persons in the 50-64 age range, with an incidence rate of Alzheimer's disease at 6.3/100,000. It can be concluded that memory clinics fulfill an important function in the care of patients with presenile dementia, since they are highly utilized by younger patients in early stages of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bickel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Technischen Universität München, Germany.
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12
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Sonntag A, Matschinger H, Angermeyer MC, Riedel-Heller SG. Does the Context Matter? Utilization of Sedative Drugs in Nursing Homes - A Multilevel Analysis. Pharmacopsychiatry 2006; 39:142-9. [PMID: 16871469 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-946704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to assess the utilization of sedative drugs in nursing homes by means of a multilevel approach taking into account individual as well as institutional characteristics. METHODS A retrospective chart review of the drugs consumed in nursing homes in an urban region of Germany was conducted. Individual characteristics were measured by analyzing nursing home files, by staff assessment and by a structured interview conducted by trained psychologists and physicians. Institutional characteristics were assessed by interviewing the management of each facility and ward and by using a staff questionnaire survey. The sample consisted of 1903 residents from 27 nursing homes with a total of 96 wards. Data analysis was carried out by means of a multilevel analysis, a strategy for analyzing hierarchically structured data. RESULTS The utilization of sedative drugs (low potency neuroleptics, anxiolytics, hypnotics) in nursing homes is remarkably high. Thus, 33.3 % of the residents used sedative drugs on a regular basis. PRN prescriptions existed for 13.1 % of the residents, 5.3 % had been using sedative medication prescribed as PRN. Results indicate the influence of individual as well as institutional characteristics on residents' sedative drug utilization. In particular, the use of PRN medicine is determined by characteristics of the ward the individuals are living in. CONCLUSION Methodological implications: The data analysis concerning the drug utilization of residents of nursing homes requires multilevel models and a distinction between regular and PRN medicine. Further research should focus on explaining institutional variance. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Staff training in nonpharmacological strategies to manage disturbing behavior of residents is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sonntag
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 20, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Steiger A, Kuenzel HE, Uhr M, Ackl N, Hatzinger M, Held K, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Ising M, Kaschka W, Kasper S, Konstantinidis A, Sonntag A. Trimipramine is equivalent to combined treatment with amitriptyline and haloperidol in patients with delusional depression. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nickel T, Sonntag A, Backmund M, Pollmächer T. Depression during therapy with interferon alpha--how long should an antidepressant treatment last? Pharmacopsychiatry 2005; 38:102-4. [PMID: 15744637 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-837813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although depressive symptoms are well-known side effects of interferon alpha (IFNalpha), it is uncertain if these symptoms decline with the cessation of IFNalpha therapy. We report on a 47-year-old man who, apart from former drug abuse, never had suffered from a psychiatric disorder. However, he had a family history burdened with the suicide of his mother and his twin sister. After a depressive symptomatology during the IFNalpha therapy, which had been tolerably treated by mirtazapine, he committed a suicide attempt six months after the parallel termination of IFNalpha and antidepressant treatment. Two aspects of this case report should be emphasised. First, patients with an increased risk for psychiatric complications of interferon therapy must be followed closely for a depressive symptomatology and treated aggressively if symptoms arise. Second, this case report shows the relapse of depressive symptoms far beyond the end of the interferon treatment. If an antidepressant treatment is necessary during IFNalpha therapy this should not be stopped prematurely with the termination of the interferon medication.
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Riedel-Heller SG, Sonntag A, Matschinger H, Angermeyer MC. Psychopharmakagebrauch in Alten- und Altenpflegeheimen: individuelle und institutionelle Determinanten. Ergebnisse einer Mehrebenenanalyse. Gesundheitswesen 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-833767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Kuske B, Sonntag A, Riedel-Heller SG, Angermeyer MC. Sind die Alten- und Altenpflegeheime auf die steigende Zahl Demenzkranker vorbereitet? Fortbildungswünsche des Pflegepersonals. Gesundheitswesen 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-833768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Ackl N, Schreiber YA, Ising M, Sonntag A, Auer DP. Evaluation of 1H-MRS as diagnostic marker for mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Pharmacopsychiatry 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-825252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Sonntag A, Bischkopf J, Ritz A, Jakob A, Angermeyer MC. [Wishes of nursing home residents concerning their life situation--results of a qualitative study]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2003; 36:280-6. [PMID: 12937933 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-003-0093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2001] [Accepted: 05/04/2002] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the wishes of nursing home residents concerning their life situation in the nursing home. METHODS Using a qualitative study design, a representative sample of nursing home residents (n = 1656) of 24 nursing homes in a city situated in the eastern part of Germany were interviewed. RESULTS The analyses of residents' wishes lead to major domains such as the quality of care, interpersonal contact, architecture and organization of the house, diversification, financial support, as well as themes like health and death and the wish to leave the nursing home. Residents focus on an individualized approach to care. CONCLUSIONS Nursing home residents' views support the need to improve the psychological and social aspects of the quality of care. Implications of and consequences for the organization of care and concepts of nursing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sonntag
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 20, 04317 Leipzig, Germany.
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Murck H, Nickel T, Künzel H, Antonijevic IA, Schill J, Zobel A, Steiger A, Sonntag A, Holsboer F. State markers of depression in sleep EEG: dependency on drug and gender in patients treated with tianeptine or paroxetine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003; 28:348-58. [PMID: 12589388 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tianeptine enhances while paroxetine inhibits serotonin reuptake into neurons; however, both show an antidepressive action. A subgroup of 38 depressed patients from a drug trial comparing the efficacy of tianeptine with that of paroxetine was studied with regard to their effects on sleep regulation, especially in relation to treatment response. We recorded sleep EEGs at day 7 and day 42 after the start of treatment with either compound, which allows measurement of changes due to the antidepressive medication in relation to the duration of treatment. Spectral analysis of the non-REM sleep EEG revealed a strong decline in the higher sigma frequency range (14-16 Hz) in male treatment responders independent of medication, whereas nonresponders did not show marked changes in this frequency range independent of gender. The patients receiving paroxetine showed less REM sleep and more intermittent wakefulness compared to the patients receiving tianeptine. REM density after 1 week of treatment was a predictor of treatment response in the whole sample. Psychopathological features with regard to the score in single items of the HAMD revealed predictive markers for response, some of which were opposite in the gender groups, especially those related to somatic anxiety. Changes in REM density were inversely correlated to the changes in HAMD in the paroxetine, but not the tianeptine, group. Our data suggest the importance of taking gender into account in the study of the biological effects of drugs. The study further points to the importance of the higher sigma frequency range in the sleep EEG of non-REM sleep and REM density as a marker of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Murck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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20
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Frieboes RM, Sonntag A, Yassouridis A, Eap CB, Baumann P, Steiger A. Clinical outcome after trimipramine in patients with delusional depression - a pilot study. Pharmacopsychiatry 2003; 36:12-7. [PMID: 12649769 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-38087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of delusional depression is a major challenge in psychopharmacology. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) overdrive may contribute, via increased dopaminergic activity, to the pathophysiology of the disorder. Trimipramine appears to be an interesting potential candidate, since it is an atypical antidepressant that is known to inhibit HPA activity. In a four-week open trial we investigated its effects in 15 inpatients with delusional depression. The dosage was increased within 7 days up to 300 - 400 mg/d and was then maintained for three weeks. Psychometric assessments and safety monitoring were conducted weekly. Assessment of the HPA activity was achieved by a combined dexamethasone suppression/corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation (Dex/CRH) test before and after four weeks of treatment. Therapeutic response was defined as a decrease in the HAMD-score of at least 50 %. Eight out of 13 completers were rated as responders. Therapeutic response was associated with L, D-trimipramine concentrations higher than 160 ng/ml. Intent-to-treat analysis showed significant improvement in psychometric variables. Despite the high dosage, the substance was generally well tolerated, with the exception of one patient who suffered from a hypotensive reaction. Mean +/- SD concentration of L-trimipramine and D-trimipramine were 138 +/- 61 ng/ml and 119 +/- 50 ng/ml at a final dose of 346 +/- 50 mg/d. The ACTH and cortisol area under the curve in the Dex/CRH tests decreased significantly, reflecting a decrease of activity in the HPA system. We suggest that the clinical use of high-dose trimipramine in delusional depression seems to be a promising treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-M Frieboes
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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21
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Stelzner G, Riedel-Heller SG, Sonntag A, Matschinger H, Jakob A, Angermeyer MC. [Determinants of psychotropic drug utilization in homes for the elderly and in nursing homes]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2001; 34:306-12. [PMID: 11584715 DOI: 10.1007/s003910170054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A large proportion of the residential and nursing home population is mentally ill. The causes for increased prescription of psychotropic drugs other than mental disorders have been discussed. This study presents data on the role of the individual's characteristics and institutional conditions on psychotropic drug use in residents of residential and nursing homes. Therefore the psychotropic drug use of 4 old-people's homes in Leipzig (Germany) was reviewed. Sociodemographic characteristics and a number of behavioral patterns of the residents were examined. Regression analysis revealed associations of age, gender and certain behavioral patterns (e.g., agitation, insomnia with nightly disturbances) and psychotropic drug use. Beyond that, psychotropic drug use varied among the 4 institutions' practices. Further research should be aimed at gaining insight into the interplay of these individual and institutional influences on psychotropic drug use in order to develop specific interventions to optimize treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Stelzner
- Klinik für Neurologie, SKH Altscherbitz Leipziger Str. 58 04435 Schkeuditz, Germany
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Zobel AW, Nickel T, Sonntag A, Uhr M, Holsboer F, Ising M. Cortisol response in the combined dexamethasone/CRH test as predictor of relapse in patients with remitted depression. a prospective study. J Psychiatr Res 2001; 35:83-94. [PMID: 11377437 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3956(01)00013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The development and course of depression is causally linked to impairment of central regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system. Previous research documented that the combined dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing hormone (DEX/CRH) test identifies HPA dysfunction with high sensitivity. We evaluated the predictive validity for medium-term outcome of the cortisol response in the combined DEX/CRH test in 74 remitted patients previously suffering from major depressive disorder. Of the 74 patients, 61 remained in stable remission and 13 relapsed during the first 6 months after discharge from the hospital. Although the cortisol and ACTH responses in the DEX/CRH test did not differ between the two groups of patients on admission, the responses differed significantly just before discharge (P< 0.05). We defined two dichotomous variables as prediction rules indicating (1) the change between admission and discharge in the cortisol response to the DEX/CRH test, and (2) the effect of the CRH infusion on cortisol as compared to the baseline level in the DEX/CRH test prior to discharge only. An elevated cortisol response in the DEX/CRH test was correlated with a four- to six-fold higher risk for relapse than in individuals with a normal cortisol response. The two proposed rules for predicting relapse within the first 6 months after discharge could be optimized by including age and gender. Hence, an exaggerated cortisol response in the combined DEX/CRH test predicts the recurrence of depressive psychopathology. The test performance can be further optimized if gender and age are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Zobel
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
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23
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Mönnikes H, Tebbe J, Grote C, Sonntag A, Pluntke K, Sturm K, Arnold R. Involvement of CCK in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the CNS regulation of colonic motility. Digestion 2001; 62:178-84. [PMID: 11025366 DOI: 10.1159/000007811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK(8)), the CCK-A receptor antagonist, MK-329, and the CCK-B receptor antagonist, L-365, 260, microinfused into the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) on colonic motor function was investigated in awake rats, chronically implanted with a microinjection cannula into the PVN and a catheter into the proximal colon. In fasted rats, bilateral microinfusion of CCK(8) at doses of 1.5 and 3.0 microg/rat into the PVN stimulated colonic transit, as shown by a significant increase in the geometric center by 47 and 54%, respectively. This effect of CCK(8) was site-specific to the PVN, since microinjection of the peptide into sites outside of but adjacent to PVN had no effect. In non-fasted rats, L-365,260 bilaterally microinjected into the PVN at a dose of 1.5 microg/rat inhibited propulsive colonic motor function; colonic transit time significantly increased by 73% in comparison to the control condition. Microinfusion of the CCK-A antagonist into in the PVN did not affect colonic transit. These results show that the PVN is a responsive site for the central CCK(8)-induced modulation of colonic motility. The data suggest, that endogenous CCK in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus unfolds a stimulatory effect on colonic transit through action on CCK-B receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mönnikes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg, Germany.
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24
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Abstract
Bodily misperceptions are a frequent symptom in major depressive disorder. A reduced ability to deflect attention from somatosensory stimuli may contribute to the generation of unpleasant bodily sensations and co-occur with altered habituation of the brain electric reactions to somatosensory stimuli. The aim of the present study was to explore whether attention-related components of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) and the habituation of these components are altered in major depression. Fifteen patients with major depressive disorder were compared to an age- and gender-matched group of 15 healthy controls. A series of identical, intrusive but not painful electric stimuli were applied to the left index finger for 48 min. Averaged SSEP were computed from multichannel EEG recordings for consecutive recording blocks of the experiment, each block containing 162 stimuli. Based on these data the habituation process of late components of the SSEP was analysed in two latency intervals (50-150, 170-370 ms). Patients showed significantly enhanced reactions throughout the entire experiment. The persistence of enhanced SSEP components throughout the habituation process may be caused by a deficit in reducing the activity of attention-related brain processes concerned with intrusive, yet behaviourally irrelevant, continued stimulation in the state of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dietl
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 10, D-80804, Munich, Germany.
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25
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Zobel AW, Nickel T, Künzel HE, Ackl N, Sonntag A, Ising M, Holsboer F. Effects of the high-affinity corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 antagonist R121919 in major depression: the first 20 patients treated. J Psychiatr Res 2000; 34:171-81. [PMID: 10867111 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3956(00)00016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical data suggest that unrestrained secretion of corticoctropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the CNS produces several signs and symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders through continuous activation of CRH(1) receptors. This led to the development of drugs that selectively antagonize CRH(1) receptors suppressing anxiety-like behavior in rats and also in monkey models of anxiety. These findings led to a clinical development program exploring the antidepressive potential of R121919, a water-soluble pyrrolopyrimidine that binds with high affinity to human CRH(1) receptors and is well absorbed in humans. This compound was administered to 24 patients with a major depressive episode primarily in order to investigate whether its endocrine mode of action compromises the stress-hormone system or whether other safety and tolerability issues exist. The patients were enrolled in two dose-escalation panels: one group (n=10) where the dose range increased from 5-40 mg and another group (n=10) where the dose escalated from 40 to 80 mg within 30 days each. Four patients dropped out because of withdrawal of consent to participate (three cases) or worsening of depressive symptomatoloy in one case. We found that R121919 was safe and well tolerated by the patients during the observation period. Moreover, the data suggested that CRH(1)-receptor blockade does not impair the corticotropin and cortisol secretory activity either at baseline or following an exogenous CRH challenge. We also observed significant reductions in depression and anxiety scores using both, patient and clinician ratings. These findings, along with the observed worsening of affective symptomatology after drug discontinuation, suggests that the pharmacological principle of CRH(1)-receptor antagonism has considerable therapeutic potential in the treatment and the prevention of diseases where exaggerated central CRH activity is present at baseline or following stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Zobel
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, D-80804 Munich, Germany
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26
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27
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Abstract
With the introduction of the non-benzodiazepine hypnotics zopiclone and zolpidem it was expected to have hypnotics without side effects and risks characteristically seen with benzodiazepines. We report two cases with high-dose usage and dependency of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. Both patients were prescribed the drugs to treat sleep disturbances occurring during a depressive episode. While one patient had a polysubstance abuse there was no evidence for an abuse history in the other patient. To reduce withdrawal symptoms long-acting benzodiazepines were given to both patients. Thus, it seems that not only patients with a history of substance abuse but also patients with a psychiatric disorder are at risk for abuse of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. Considering the increasing number of case reports with abuse and dependence of zopiclone and zolpidem it seems necessary to reevaluate the dependency risk of the currently available non-benzodiazepine hypnotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ströhle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, München
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28
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Sonntag A. [Determinations of MAG3 clearance according to the whole-body principle and to related methods]. Nuklearmedizin 1996; 35:132-9. [PMID: 9005407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To answer the question for the most effective use of all usually available information, the MAG3 clearance was determined by different methods: firstly in an optimated whole-body technique for reference, further for comparison by means of a camera background-curve and a dedicated evaluating procedure, and in addition according to the compartmental principle (Sapirstein), by the latter method also simultaneously together with the hippurate clearance. Two simplified methods were applied as well, a non-invasive one and a single-sample method. The results revealed the relatively unpretentious camera technique to be nearly equivalent to more expensive procedures, but qualitatively superior to those methods, which are unnecessarily oversimplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sonntag
- Abt. Nuklearmedizin, Städt, Krankenhaus München-Harlaching, Deutschland
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29
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Sonntag A, Rothe B, Guldner J, Yassouridis A, Holsboer F, Steiger A. Trimipramine and imipramine exert different effects on the sleep EEG and on nocturnal hormone secretion during treatment of major depression. Depression 1996; 4:1-13. [PMID: 9160649 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7162(1996)4:1<1::aid-depr1>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In a 4-week double-blind clinical trial we compared the effects of the tricyclic antidepressants trimipramine and imipramine on the sleep EEG and on nocturnal bormone secretion in 20 male inpatients with major depression. Both treatments produced rapid significant clinical improvement in depression without severe adverse effects. However, the two drugs had markedly different neurobiologic profiles. Trimipramine enhanced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow wave sleep, whereas imipramine suppressed REM sleep and showed no effect on slow wave sleep. Total sleep time and the sleep efficiency index increased under trimipramine but not under imipramine. Nocturnal cortisol secretion decreased with trimipramine but remained unchanged with imipramine. In contrast to imipramine, trimipramine induced an increase in prolactin secretion compatible with its known antagonism at dopamine (D2) receptors. Imipramine induced a decrease in growth hormone secretion during the first half of the night. Neither of the drugs induced significant changes in plasma testosterone concentration. We conclude that trimipramine is an antidepressant with sleep-improving qualities that possibly acts through inhibition of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system activity by a yet unknown mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sonntag
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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30
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Sonntag A. Bestimmung der MAG3-Clearance nach dem Ganzkörperprinzip und nach verwandten Methoden. Nuklearmedizin 1996. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1629827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungZur Klärung der Frage, wie die gesamte im Regelfall vorhandene Information optimal genutzt werden kann, wurde die MAG3-Clearance nach verschiedenen Methoden bestimmt: zum ersten als Referenz in optimierter Ganzkörpertechnik, weiter zum Vergleich mittels Kamera-Untergrundkurve und eigens dafür entwickeltem Auswerteverfahren, außerdem nach dem Kompartimentprinzip (Sapirstein), dabei auch simultan mit der Hippuranclearance. Schließlich kamen noch zwei vereinfachte Methoden zur Anwendung, eine »unblutige« und eine Single-Sample-Methode. Das keine besonderen Anforderungen stellende Kameraverfahren erwies sich dabei den aufwendigeren Methoden gegenüber als nahezu gleichwertig, den unnötig stark vereinfachten Verfahren gegenüber aber als qualitativ überlegen.
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31
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Wingenfeld P, Michalk DV, Sonntag A, Paas S, Minor T, Isselhard W. Protective effect of taurine on hypoxia and reoxygenation-induced damage of human colon cells (HT 29). Adv Exp Med Biol 1996; 403:213-22. [PMID: 8915358 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0182-8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this experimental model, taurine administered during hypoxia markedly reduced the cell damage due to O2 deficiency, and the beneficial effect outlasted the period of reoxygenation. The mechanisms for the improved survival rates are postulated to be a reduced osmoregulatory disturbance of cellular integrity, improved Ca2+ homeostasis and induction of accelerated cellular growth processes. In our simplified cell culture model the UW solution seems to be the most appropriate solution for the cold (hypoxic) preservation of human colon cells. We conclude, that within this experimental model and under these experimental conditions, taurine supplementation of the conventionally used preservation solutions improved the solutions markedly. Considering our previous studies, taurine seems to be a potent endogenous protective agent against cellular deterioration due to hypoxia and reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wingenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany
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32
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Steiger A, Guldner J, Colla-Müller M, Friess E, Sonntag A, Schier T. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-induced effects on sleep EEG and nocturnal secretion of growth hormone, cortisol and ACTH in patients with major depression. J Psychiatr Res 1994; 28:225-38. [PMID: 7932284 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(94)90008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Studies in normal human subjects and animals suggest that the neuropeptide growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a common regulator of the sleep EEG and nocturnal hormone secretion. In healthy volunteers GHRH prompts an increase in the amount of slow wave sleep (SWS) and in growth hormone (GH) secretion and blunting of cortisol release. Inhibition of GHRH may contribute to sleep-endocrine aberrances during depression. We tested the effects of pulsatile application of 4 x 50 micrograms GHRH on the sleep EEG and simultaneously investigated nocturnal hormone secretion in 10 inpatients (four females, six males) with the acute episode of major depression. In contrast to the effects of placebo, GH secretion increased distinctly and rapid-eye-movement (REM) density decreased during the second half of night. No other significant changes in sleep-endocrine activity, including SWS, cortisol and ACTH secretion, could be observed. We assume that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system activity and slow wave sleep are inert to the influence of GHRH during acute depression. Cortisol and ACTH remained unchanged even in a subsample of five younger (aged 19-28 years) patients. This observation is in contrast to our recent finding that cortisol secretion is blunted in young normal volunteers after GHRH. But on the other hand, GHRH is capable of stimulating GH and inducing a decrease in REM density in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Steiger
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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33
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Abstract
The psychopathological status of 25 inpatients suffering from clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) according to Poser criteria was assessed by using standardized methods (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale, Hamilton and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scales and the Structured Interview for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer Dementia and Dementias of other Aetiology (SIDAM). Magnetic resonance (MRT) (0.5 T; T2-weighted sequence) of the brain was analysed by measuring the ventricular brain ration (VBR), the area of the corpus callosum (CC) and the extension of hyperintense lesions of the brainstem, the temporal lobes and the brain at all. Six of 25 (24%) of these moderately disabled patients (mean Extended Disability Score (EDSS) 3.3) were diagnosed to suffer from depressive mood disorder (major depression or dysthymia); 2 were demented. In correlation analysis, depression was unrelated to age, gender, duration of illness, status of disability (EDSS) or the results of cognitive assessment. No relationship between the depression scores and the different MRT measures could be identified. The presence or absence of gadolinium enhancement was also uncorrelated to depressive symptoms. Fatigue as measured by the Fatigue Severity Scale was unrelated to depression or subcortical brain atrophy (increased VBR) but significantly correlated to the area of hyperintense MRT changes in brainstem and midbrain. Cognitive impairment (decreased SIDAM scores) was correlated to the total area of hyperintense MRT changes of the brain parenchyma. The type of clinical course (relapsing-remitting vs chronic progredient) was not found to influence the affective or cognitive state in our MS patient's sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Möller
- Clinical Institute, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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34
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35
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Abstract
No single ICD-9 category corresponds to panic disorder (DSM-III). To investigate whether patients with panic attacks can be identified by means of ICD-9, 97 patients with three panic attacks within 3 weeks were recruited from various medical centers, and were classified independently according to DSM-III and ICD-9. The ICD-9 diagnoses were scattered over a broad range of categories, and it was impossible to identify patients with panic disorder in this manner. Anxiety state, affective psychosis, and depressive neurosis were the most frequent ICD-9 diagnoses. The boundary between affective psychosis on the one hand and anxiety state and depressive neurosis on the other hand was validated by present and previous symptomatology and by cluster analysis. The boundary between anxiety state and depressive neurosis could not be validated in this way. Correspondingly, modifications of the ICD-9 classifications are proposed.
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36
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Sonntag A. [Comparison of simple nuclear medical methods of determining renal clearance]. Nuklearmedizin 1984; 23:155-60. [PMID: 6384936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Comparative clearance determinations with a partially shielded whole-body counter, a shoulder probe, a gamma camera and also exclusively by use of the plasma activity concentration at 45 min p.i. revealed the following results: The partially shielded whole-body counter can be substituted by the shoulder probe without major loss of quality, provided that this is taken into consideration in the subsequent calculations. However, values below 250 ml/min may possibly be wrong, i.e. too high, when the camera background-curve is used for clearance determination. The very simple 45-min-clearance is recommended mostly as a method in addition or in reserve.
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37
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Sonntag A. Einfache nuklearmedizinische Nierenclearancemethoden im Vergleich. Nuklearmedizin 1984. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1624212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungVergleichende Clearancebestimmungen mit Ganzkörpermeßstand, Schultersonde, Gammakamera sowie auch allein mit Hilfe der Plasmaaktivitätskonzentration 45 min p.i. brachten folgende Ergebnisse: Der Ganzkörpermeßstand läßt sich ohne größere Qualitätseinbußen durch eine Schultersonde ersetzen, wenn dies bei der weiteren Auswertung in geeigneter Weise berücksichtigt wird. Hingegen können bei der Clearancebestimmung mittels Kamerauntergrundkurve schon Werte unterhalb von 250 ml/min unter Umständen eindeutig falsch, d.h. zu hoch, sein. Die sehr einfache 45-min-Clearance empfiehlt sich vor allem als Zusatz- oder Reservemethode.
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38
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39
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Sonntag A. [Determination of kidney clearance by reconstruction of the whole-body retention curves from later measurements]. Nuklearmedizin 1983; 22:31-8. [PMID: 6408613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Starting from routine renal clearance measurements in a partially shielded whole-body counter, generally applicable algorithms were developed empirically which permit the reconstruction of the total course of retention up to 28 min p.i. from e.g. the 12 min and 24 min values only. By formal differentiation the instantaneous slope of the decline in retention and thus the renal clearance can be calculated employing the whole-body counting principle. Integration yields the possibility of subtracting background from renograms to calculate single renal clearances. The method offers advantages in cases of reduced measurement geometry and/or low count rates.
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40
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Sonntag A. Bestimmung der Nierenclearance durch Rekonstruktion der Ganzkörperretentionskurve aus späteren Meßwerten. Nuklearmedizin 1983. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1620596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ausgehend von routinemäßigen Nierenclearancebestimmungen am teilabgeschirmten Ganzkörpermeßstand, wurden auf empirischem Wege allgemeingültige Algorithmen entwickelt, mit denen der gesamte Retentionsverlauf bis über 28 min p.i. beispielsweise lediglich aus dem 12-min- und dem 24-min-Wert rekonstruiert werden kann. Durch formale Differentiation läßt sich hieraus die momentane Steigung des Retentionsgefälles und damit auch die Nierenclearance nach dem Ganzkörperprinzip bestimmen. Durch Integration ergeben sich Möglichkeiten zur Untergrundsubtraktion der Nephrogramme für die Berechnung der seitengetrennten Clearance. Das Verfahren bietet vor allem Vorteile bei reduzierter Meßgeometrie und/oder bei niedrigen Zählraten.
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41
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Paula R, Sonntag A, Martin G, Kaiser E. [Serum cholesterol. Comparative studies on the reliability of various analytic methods]. Med Lab (Stuttg) 1977; 30:250-60. [PMID: 916965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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42
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Sonntag A. [A way to spatial irradiation planning. IV. Examples of radiotherapeutic practice and conclusions]. Strahlentherapie 1976; 151:26-46. [PMID: 1258074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The method described in detail in part III of this paper aims at an optimization of dose distributions with regard to homogeneity within the common area of intersection of the ray beams concerned; now, practical planning is achieved with good results. Common clinical examples are treated, but of such a kind that dose homogeneity is not to be obtained without difficulty, either because of the chosen arrangement of fields within different planes of incidence or on other grounds. Finally, the advantages, practical possibilities and limits of the method indicated are thoroughly discussed.
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43
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Sonntag A. [A way to spatial irradiation planning. III. Further information on the procedure for obtaining dose homogeneity in noncoplanar ray beams and its experimental verification]. Strahlentherapie 1976; 151:10-25. [PMID: 1258073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The method is based on the following principle: Single, initally unsettled parameters of irradiation are determined by explicit calculation in such a way that the dose gradient resulting from the dose gradients of the single ray beams in the point of intersection of their axes becomes zero. The separation or addition of components of the gradients is performed by use of co-ordinates for the ray beam as well as for the body. The following parameters can be determined explicitly: First, the weights of the partial doses which are to form the total dose in the point of intersection and/or second, the angles of the wedges and/or third, the rotational angles of the wedge filters, i. e. the angles of rotation of the wedge filters about an axis corresponding to the central ray. In the course of the following experimental verification of the method, maximally possible dose homogeneity results within the area of the crossing ray beams. Moreover, the advantages of field arrangements with different planes of incidence are coming into view.
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44
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Sonntag A. [A way to spatial irradiation planning. II. Vectorial demonstration of spatial dose distribution within a single-ray beam and 1st consequences for the practice]. Strahlentherapie 1975; 150:569-78. [PMID: 1209679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Spatial irradiation planning among other things demands spatial consideration of the dose distribution within the single useful ray beam. From this point of view, the vectorial dose quantities introduced in part I of this paper are reviewed, their correlations are examined as well as their dependences on different influencing quantities e.g. on the rotational position of the wedge filter with the central ray as an axis of rotation. The vectorial description of dose distribution used in this paper, additionally offers information on the total effect upon the inclination of isodose surfaces or curves respectively, caused either simultaneously by different influences (simultaneous effect) or in temporal succession by separate influences (succession effect). The correlations observed can be verified diagrammatically or dosimetrically using simple practical examples. Thus, it is possible for instance to obtain a continuous defined variation of the isodose inclination by varying the weights of the partial doses with successive irradiation with or without a wedge filter.
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45
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Sonntag A. [A path to spatial irradiation planning. I. The problem of dose homogeneity within the area of crossing ray beams with different planes of incidence; basic examinations leading to an optimization procedure]. Strahlentherapie 1975; 150:507-20. [PMID: 1216255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Under certain circumstances, foci within distinct regions of the body are optimally included by irradiation from different directions of the space. In practice, such plannings mostly fail from the difficulty to produce a sufficiently homogenous dose distribution within the target volume. The present considerations disclose the possibility to determine certain parameters or irradiation in an explicit form, based on a vectorial view of the dose distribution, thus obtaining homogeneity of the radiation dose. Part I of this paper is presenting the foundations of a procedure which aims at dose homogeneity in cross-fire techniques with different planes of incidence, utilizing simple mathematical correlations among the vectorial dose quantities.
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46
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Hohenegger M, Sonntag A, Szemeredi I. Bilateral resection of superficial rat kidney cortex: effect on sodium balance. Experientia 1975; 31:812-4. [PMID: 1140321 DOI: 10.1007/bf01938479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bilateral resection of the whole superficial kidney cortex (approximately 75% of glomeruli) was carried out in rats. These animals needed some 2 days longer to restore their sodium balance when placed from low to high sodium intake in comparison with rats subjected to other types of partial nephrectomy.
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47
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Sonntag A, Klemm J, Braun D. [Radiotherapy of brain tumors especially using pendulum irradiation with ultra-hard x-rays]. Strahlentherapie 1972; 143:126-36. [PMID: 4340169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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48
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Sonntag A. [Pulmonary hilus tomography using a versatile compensating filter. Aspects of clinical practice and picture quality]. Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Nuklearmed 1969; 111:787-94. [PMID: 5393409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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49
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Sonntag A. [Studies on the influence of wedge filters and angle of incidence on the course of steady field isodose curves in Co60 teletherapy]. Strahlentherapie 1969; 137:142-151. [PMID: 5822221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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50
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Schmidt W, Sonntag A. [On the remote effect of short waves of various wave lengths within the animal skull]. Arch Phys Ther (Leipz) 1968; 20:433-9. [PMID: 5721442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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