1
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El-Arid S, Lenihan JM, Jacobsen A, Beeler AB, Grinstaff MW. Accessing Cyclobutane Polymers: Overcoming Synthetic Challenges via Efficient Continuous Flow [2 + 2] Photopolymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:607-613. [PMID: 38695337 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
We report an improved and efficient method to prepare well-defined, structurally complex truxinate cyclobutane polymers via a thioxanthone sensitized solution state [2 + 2] photopolymerization. Monomers with varying electron density and structure polymerize in good to excellent yields to afford a library of 42 polyesters. Monomers with internal olefin separation distances of greater than 5 Å undergo polymerization via intermolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition readily, as opposed to the intramolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition observed in monomers with olefins in closer proximity. Use of a continuous flow reactor decreases reaction time, increases polymer molecular weight, and decreases dispersity compared to batch reactions. Furthermore, under continuous flow, polymerization is readily scalable beyond what is possible with batch reactions. This advancement ushers truxinate cyclobutane-based polyesters, which have been historically limited to a few examples and only research scale quantities, to the forefront of development as new materials for potential use across industry sectors.
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2
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Mercer RCC, Le NTT, Fraser DG, Houser MCQ, Beeler AB, Harris DA. Sigma Receptor Ligands Are Potent Antiprion Compounds that Act Independently of Sigma Receptor Binding. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38743607 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are invariably fatal neurodegenerative diseases of humans and other animals for which there are no effective treatment options. Previous work from our laboratory identified phenethylpiperidines as a novel class of anti-prion compounds. While working to identify the molecular target(s) of these molecules, we unexpectedly discovered ten novel antiprion compounds based on their known ability to bind to the sigma receptors, σ1R and σ2R, which are currently being tested as therapeutic or diagnostic targets for cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders. Surprisingly, however, knockout of the respective genes encoding σ1R and σ2R (Sigmar1 and Tmem97) in prion-infected N2a cells did not alter the antiprion activity of these compounds, demonstrating that these receptors are not the direct targets responsible for the antiprion effects of their ligands. Further investigation of the most potent molecules established that they are efficacious against multiple prion strains and protect against downstream prion-mediated synaptotoxicity. While the precise details of the mechanism of action of these molecules remain to be determined, the present work forms the basis for further investigation of these compounds in preclinical studies. Given the therapeutic utility of several of the tested compounds, including rimcazole and haloperidol for neuropsychiatric conditions, (+)-pentazocine for neuropathic pain, and the ongoing clinical trials of SA 4503 and ANAVEX2-73 for ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease, respectively, this work has immediate implications for the treatment of human prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C C Mercer
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Nhat T T Le
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Douglas G Fraser
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Mei C Q Houser
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - David A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
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3
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Millimaci AM, Trilles RV, McNeely J, Brown LE, Beeler AB, Porco JA. Synthesis of Neocannabinoids Using Controlled Friedel-Crafts Reactions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13135-13141. [PMID: 37657122 PMCID: PMC10696561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
A one-step transformation to produce 8,9-dihydrocannabidiol (H2CBD) and related "neocannabinoids" via controlled Friedel-Crafts reactions is reported. Experimental and computational studies probing the mechanism of neocannabinoid synthesis from cyclic allylic alcohol and substituted resorcinol reaction partners provide understanding of the kinetic and thermodynamic factors driving regioselectivity for the reaction. Herein, we present the reaction scope for neocannabinoid synthesis including the production of both normal and abnormal isomers under both kinetic and thermodynamic control. Discovery and optimization of this one-step protocol between various allylic alcohols and resorcinol derivatives are discussed and supported with density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard V. Trilles
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - James McNeely
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Lauren E. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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4
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Lenihan JM, Mailloux MJ, Beeler AB. Multigram Scale Synthesis of Piperarborenines C-E. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Lenihan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Matthew J. Mailloux
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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5
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Chatterjee S, Yabaji SM, Rukhlenko OS, Bhattacharya B, Waligurski E, Vallavoju N, Ray S, Kholodenko BN, Brown LE, Beeler AB, Ivanov AR, Kobzik L, Porco JA, Kramnik I. Channeling macrophage polarization by rocaglates increases macrophage resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. iScience 2021; 24:102845. [PMID: 34381970 PMCID: PMC8333345 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages contribute to host immunity and tissue homeostasis via alternative activation programs. M1-like macrophages control intracellular bacterial pathogens and tumor progression. In contrast, M2-like macrophages shape reparative microenvironments that can be conducive for pathogen survival or tumor growth. An imbalance of these macrophages phenotypes may perpetuate sites of chronic unresolved inflammation, such as infectious granulomas and solid tumors. We have found that plant-derived and synthetic rocaglates sensitize macrophages to low concentrations of the M1-inducing cytokine IFN-gamma and inhibit their responsiveness to IL-4, a prototypical activator of the M2-like phenotype. Treatment of primary macrophages with rocaglates enhanced phagosome-lysosome fusion and control of intracellular mycobacteria. Thus, rocaglates represent a novel class of immunomodulators that can direct macrophage polarization toward the M1-like phenotype in complex microenvironments associated with hypofunction of type 1 and/or hyperactivation of type 2 immunity, e.g., chronic bacterial infections, allergies, and, possibly, certain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Chatterjee
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shivraj M. Yabaji
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Oleksii S. Rukhlenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Bidisha Bhattacharya
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Emily Waligurski
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nandini Vallavoju
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Somak Ray
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Boris N. Kholodenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Lauren E. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alexander R. Ivanov
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Igor Kramnik
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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6
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Ortet PC, Muellers SN, Viarengo-Baker LA, Streu K, Szymczyna BR, Beeler AB, Allen KN, Whitty A. Recapitulating the Binding Affinity of Nrf2 for KEAP1 in a Cyclic Heptapeptide, Guided by NMR, X-ray Crystallography, and Machine Learning. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3779-3793. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Mailloux MJ, Fleming GS, Kumta SS, Beeler AB. Unified Synthesis of Azepines by Visible-Light-Mediated Dearomative Ring Expansion of Aromatic N-Ylides. Org Lett 2021; 23:525-529. [PMID: 33395312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a unified approach to azepines by dearomative photochemical rearrangement of aromatic N-ylides. Deprotonation of quaternary aromatic salts with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) or N,N,N',N'-tetramethylquanidine (TMG) under visible light irradiation provides mono- and polycyclic azepines in yields up to 98%. This ring-expansion presents a new mode of access to functionalized azepines from N-heteroarenes using two straightforward steps and simple starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Mailloux
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Gabrielle S Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Shruti S Kumta
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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8
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Elinburg JK, Carter SL, Nelson JJM, Fraser DG, Crockett MP, Beeler AB, Nordlander E, Rheingold AL, Doerrer LH. Reversible PCET and Ambient Catalytic Oxidative Alcohol Dehydrogenation by {V=O} Perfluoropinacolate Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16500-16513. [PMID: 33119300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new air-stable catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of benzylic alcohols under ambient conditions has been developed. The synthesis and characterization of this compound and the related monomeric and dimeric V(IV)- and V(V)-pinF (pinF = perfluoropinacolate) complexes are reported herein. Monomeric V(IV) complex (Me4N)2[V(O)(pinF)2] (1) and dimeric (μ-O)2-bridged V(V) complex (Me4N)2[V2(O)2(μ-O)2(pinF)2] (3a) are prepared in water under ambient conditions. Monomeric V(V) complex (Me4N)[V(O)(pinF)2] (2) may be generated via chemical oxidation of 1 under an inert atmosphere, but dimerizes to 3a upon exposure to air. Complexes 1 and 2 display a perfectly reversible VIV/V couple at 20 mV (vs Ag/AgNO3), whereas a quasi-reversible VIV/V couple at -865 mV is found for 3a. Stoichiometric reactions of 3a with both fluorenol and TEMPOH result in the formation of (Me4N)2[V2(O)2(μ-OH)2(pinF)2] (4a), which contains two V(IV) centers that display antiferromagnetic coupling. In order to structurally characterize the dinuclear anion of 4a, {K(18C6)}+ countercations were employed, which formed stabilizing K···O interactions between the counterion and each terminal oxo moiety and H-bonding between the oxygen atoms of the crown ether and μ-OH bridges of the dimer, resulting in {K(18C6)}2[V2(O)2(μ-OH)2(pinF)2] (4b). The formal storage of H2 in 4a is reversible and proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) from crystals of 4a regenerates 3a upon exposure to air over the course of several days. Furthermore, the reaction of 3a (2%) under ambient conditions with excess fluorenol, cinnamyl alcohol, or benzyl alcohol resulted in the selective formation of fluorenone (82% conversion), cinnamaldehyde (40%), or benzaldehyde (7%), respectively, reproducing oxidative alcohol dehydrogenation (OAD) chemistry known for VOx surfaces and demonstrating, in air, the thermodynamically challenging selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes/ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Elinburg
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Samantha L Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Joshua J M Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Douglas G Fraser
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Michael P Crockett
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ebbe Nordlander
- Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0332, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Linda H Doerrer
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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9
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Alfonzo E, Millimaci AM, Beeler AB. Photoredox Generated Carbonyl Ylides Enable a Modular Approach to Aryltetralin, Dihydronaphthalene, and Arylnaphthalene Lignans. Org Lett 2020; 22:6489-6493. [PMID: 32806135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot synthesis of dihydronaphthalenes and arylnaphthalenes from epoxides and common dipolarophiles is described. The reaction proceeds through photoredox activation of epoxides to carbonyl ylides, which undergo concerted [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition with dipolarophiles to provide tetrahydrofurans or 2,5-dihydrofurans. In the same flask, acid promoted rearrangement affords densely functionalized dihydronaphthalenes and arylnaphthalenes, respectively, in an overall redox-neutral sequence of transformations. Succinct total synthesis (4-6 steps) of pycnanthulignene B and C and justicidin E are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Alfonzo
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Alexandra M Millimaci
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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10
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Alfonzo E, Beeler AB. A sterically encumbered photoredox catalyst enables the unified synthesis of the classical lignan family of natural products. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7746-7754. [PMID: 31588322 PMCID: PMC6761868 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02682g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we detail a unified synthetic approach to the classical lignan family of natural products that hinges on divergence from a common intermediate that was strategically identified from nature's biosynthetic blueprints.
Herein, we detail a unified synthetic approach to the classical lignan family of natural products that hinges on divergence from a common intermediate that was strategically identified from nature's biosynthetic blueprints. Efforts toward accessing the common intermediate through a convergent and modular approach resulted in the discovery of a sterically encumbered photoredox catalyst that can selectively generate carbonyl ylides from electron-rich epoxides. These can undergo concerted [3 + 2] dipolar cycloadditions to afford tetrahydrofurans, which were advanced (2–4 steps) to at least one representative natural product or natural product scaffold within all six subtypes in classical lignans. The application of those synthetic blueprints to the synthesis of heterolignans bearing unnatural functionality was demonstrated, which establishes the potential of this strategy to accelerate structure–activity-relationship studies of these natural product frameworks and their rich biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Alfonzo
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , USA .
| | - Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , USA .
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11
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Telmesani R, White JAH, Beeler AB. Liquid–Liquid Slug‐Flow‐Accelerated [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Cinnamates. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Telmesani
- Department of Chemistry Boston University 590 Commonwealth Ave Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Jada A. H. White
- Department of Chemistry Boston University 590 Commonwealth Ave Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry Boston University 590 Commonwealth Ave Boston, MA 02215 USA
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12
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Telmesani R, White JAH, Beeler AB. Front Cover: Liquid‐Liquid Slug‐Flow‐Accelerated [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Cinnamates (ChemPhotoChem 10/2018). CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Telmesani
- Department of Chemistry Boston University 590 Commonwealth Ave Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Jada A. H. White
- Department of Chemistry Boston University 590 Commonwealth Ave Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry Boston University 590 Commonwealth Ave Boston, MA 02215 USA
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13
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Alfonzo E, Mendoza JWL, Beeler AB. One-pot synthesis of epoxides from benzyl alcohols and aldehydes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2308-2312. [PMID: 30254694 PMCID: PMC6142752 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-pot synthesis of epoxides from commercially available benzyl alcohols and aldehydes is described. The reaction proceeds through in situ generation of sulfonium salts from benzyl alcohols and their subsequent deprotonation for use in Corey–Chaykovsky epoxidation of aldehydes. The generality of the method is exemplified by the synthesis of 34 epoxides that were made from an array of electronically and sterically varied alcohols and aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Alfonzo
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jesse W L Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Long V. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Telmesani
- Department of Chemistry Boston University 590 Commonwealth Ave Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Jada A. H. White
- Department of Chemistry Boston University 590 Commonwealth Ave Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry Boston University 590 Commonwealth Ave Boston, MA 02215 USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle S. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590
Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590
Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle S. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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18
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Yueh H, Gao Q, Porco JA, Beeler AB. A photochemical flow reactor for large scale syntheses of aglain and rocaglate natural product analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6197-6202. [PMID: 28666859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the development of continuous flow photoreactors for large scale ESIPT-mediated [3+2]-photocycloaddition of 2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxyflavone and cinnamate-derived dipolarophiles. These reactors can be efficiently numbered up to increase throughput two orders of magnitude greater than the corresponding batch reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yueh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Qiwen Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - John A Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Alfonzo
- Department
of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Felix Steven Alfonso
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department
of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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20
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Imberdis T, Heeres JT, Yueh H, Fang C, Zhen J, Rich CB, Glicksman M, Beeler AB, Harris DA. Identification of Anti-prion Compounds using a Novel Cellular Assay. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26164-26176. [PMID: 27803163 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.745612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are devastating neurodegenerative disorders with no known cure. One strategy for developing therapies for these diseases is to identify compounds that block conversion of the cellular form of the prion protein (PrPC) into the infectious isoform (PrPSc). Most previous efforts to discover such molecules by high-throughput screening methods have utilized, as a read-out, a single kind of cellular assay system: neuroblastoma cells that are persistently infected with scrapie prions. Here, we describe the use of an alternative cellular assay based on suppressing the spontaneous cytotoxicity of a mutant form of PrP (Δ105-125). Using this assay, we screened 75,000 compounds, and identified a group of phenethyl piperidines (exemplified by LD7), which reduces the accumulation of PrPSc in infected neuroblastoma cells by >90% at low micromolar doses, and inhibits PrPSc-induced synaptotoxicity in hippocampal neurons. By analyzing the structure-activity relationships of 35 chemical derivatives, we defined the pharmacophore of LD7, and identified a more potent derivative. Active compounds do not alter total or cell-surface levels of PrPC, and do not bind to recombinant PrP in surface plasmon resonance experiments, although at high concentrations they inhibit PrPSc-seeded conversion of recombinant PrP to a misfolded state in an in vitro reaction (RT-QuIC). This class of small molecules may provide valuable therapeutic leads, as well as chemical biological tools to identify cellular pathways underlying PrPSc metabolism and PrPC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Imberdis
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - James T Heeres
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Han Yueh
- the Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - Cheng Fang
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Jessie Zhen
- the Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - Celeste B Rich
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Marcie Glicksman
- the Laboratory for Drug Discovery in Neurodegeneration, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Aaron B Beeler
- the Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - David A Harris
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,
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21
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Ingham OJ, Paranal RM, Smith WB, Escobar RA, Yueh H, Snyder T, Porco JA, Bradner JE, Beeler AB. Development of a Potent and Selective HDAC8 Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:929-932. [PMID: 27774131 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, isoform-selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) has been discovered by the repurposing of a diverse compound collection. Medicinal chemistry optimization led to the identification of a highly potent (0.8 nM) and selective inhibitor of HDAC8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J. Ingham
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ronald M. Paranal
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - William B. Smith
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Randolph A. Escobar
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Han Yueh
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Tracy Snyder
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - James E. Bradner
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department
of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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22
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23
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Bhattacharya B, Chatterjee S, Devine WG, Kobzik L, Beeler AB, Porco JA, Kramnik I. Fine-tuning of macrophage activation using synthetic rocaglate derivatives. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24409. [PMID: 27086720 PMCID: PMC4834551 DOI: 10.1038/srep24409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant bacteria represent a significant global threat. Given the dearth of new antibiotics, host-directed therapies (HDTs) are especially desirable. As IFN-gamma (IFNγ) plays a central role in host resistance to intracellular bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we searched for small molecules to augment the IFNγ response in macrophages. Using an interferon-inducible nuclear protein Ipr1 as a biomarker of macrophage activation, we performed a high-throughput screen and identified molecules that synergized with low concentration of IFNγ. Several active compounds belonged to the flavagline (rocaglate) family. In primary macrophages a subset of rocaglates 1) synergized with low concentrations of IFNγ in stimulating expression of a subset of IFN-inducible genes, including a key regulator of the IFNγ network, Irf1; 2) suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and type I IFN and 3) induced autophagy. These compounds may represent a basis for macrophage-directed therapies that fine-tune macrophage effector functions to combat intracellular pathogens and reduce inflammatory tissue damage. These therapies would be especially relevant to fighting drug-resistant pathogens, where improving host immunity may prove to be the ultimate resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Bhattacharya
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Sujoy Chatterjee
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - William G Devine
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - John A Porco
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Igor Kramnik
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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24
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25
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Telmesani R, Park SH, Lynch-Colameta T, Beeler AB. [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Cinnamates in Flow and Development of a Thiourea Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Telmesani R, Park SH, Lynch-Colameta T, Beeler AB. [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Cinnamates in Flow and Development of a Thiourea Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11521-5. [PMID: 26136253 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cyclobutanes derived from the dimerization of cinnamic acids are the core scaffolds of many molecules with potentially interesting biological activities. By utilizing a powerful flow photochemistry platform developed in our laboratory, we have evaluated the effects of flow on the dimerization of a range of cinnamate substrates. During the course of the study we also identified a bis(thiourea) catalyst that facilitates better reactivity and moderate diastereoselectivity in the reaction. Overall, we show that carrying out the reaction in flow in the presence of the catalyst affords consistent formation of predictable cyclobutane diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Telmesani
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215 (USA)
| | - Sung H Park
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215 (USA)
| | - Tessa Lynch-Colameta
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215 (USA)
| | - Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215 (USA).
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27
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Martin V, Goodell JR, Ingham OJ, Porco JA, Beeler AB. Multidimensional reaction screening for photochemical transformations as a tool for discovering new chemotypes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3838-46. [PMID: 24697145 PMCID: PMC4017617 DOI: 10.1021/jo500190b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an automated photochemical microfluidics platform that integrates a 1 kW high-pressure Hg vapor lamp and allows for analytical pulse flow or preparative continuous flow reactions. Herein, we will discuss the use of this platform toward the discovery of new chemotypes through multidimensional reaction screening. We will highlight the ability to discretely control wavelengths with optical filters, allowing for control of reaction outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique
I. Martin
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John R. Goodell
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Oscar J. Ingham
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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28
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Leng B, Chichetti S, Su S, Beeler AB, Porco JA. Synthesis of a novel chemotype via sequential metal-catalyzed cycloisomerizations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1338-43. [PMID: 23019468 PMCID: PMC3458758 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequential cycloisomerizations of diynyl o-benzaldehyde substrates to access novel polycyclic cyclopropanes are reported. The reaction sequence involves initial Cu(I)-mediated cycloisomerization/nucleophilic addition to an isochromene followed by diastereoselective Pt(II)-catalyzed enyne cycloisomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Leng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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29
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Abstract
The synthesis of azaphilone scaffolds that have been further diversified by cross coupling acylation and amine addition is reported. Methodology development also led to novel modifications including C5 acetoxylation and condensations producing isoquinolin-6(7H) structures. Overall, the library synthesis afforded three azaphilone sublibraries, including vinylogous pyridones which project diversity elements in four sectors of the azaphilone core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Achard
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology
and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth
Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology
and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth
Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology
and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth
Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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30
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Abstract
In the search for new biologically active molecules, diversity-oriented synthetic strategies break through the limitation of traditional library synthesis by sampling new chemical space. Many natural products can be regarded as intriguing starting points for diversity-oriented synthesis, wherein stereochemically rich core structures may be reorganized into chemotypes that are distinctly different from the parent structure. Ideally, to be suited to library applications, such transformations should be general and involve few steps. With this objective in mind, the highly oxygenated natural product fumagillol has been successfully remodelled in several ways using a reaction-discovery-based approach. In reactions with amines, excellent regiocontrol in a bis-epoxide opening/cyclization sequence can be obtained by size-dependent interaction of an appropriate catalyst with the parent molecule, forming either perhydroisoindole or perhydroisoquinoline products. Perhydroisoindoles can be further remodelled by cascade processes to afford either morpholinone or bridged 4,1-benzoxazepine-containing structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley R Balthaser
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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31
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K. Snyder J, C. Benson S, Lee L, Wei W, Ni F, David Janna Olmos J, R. Strom K, B. Beeler A, Chih-Chien Cheng K, Inglese J, Kota S, Takahashi V, Donny Strosberg A, H. Connor J, Guy Bushkin G. Truncated Aspidosperma Alkaloid-Like Scaffolds: Unique Structures for the Discovery of New, Bioactive Compounds. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-11-sr(p)4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Pimparkar K, Yen B, Goodell JR, Martin VI, Lee WH, Porco JA, Beeler AB, Jensen KF. Development of a Photochemical Microfluidics Platform. J Flow Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jfchem.2011.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Abstract
Photochemical oxa-di-π-methane rearrangement of bicyclo[3.2.1]octanoid scaffolds affords multifunctional, donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. A related photochemical reaction of an iminium ether substrate uncovered an unprecedented aza-di-π-methane rearrangement of a β,γ-unsaturated iminium. Donor-acceptor cyclopropanes have been evaluated as substrates for reactions generating several new chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Goodell
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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34
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Qi J, Beeler AB, Zhang Q, Porco JA. Catalytic enantioselective alkylative dearomatization-annulation: total synthesis and absolute configuration assignment of hyperibone K. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 132:13642-4. [PMID: 20831187 DOI: 10.1021/ja1057828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric total synthesis of the polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol hyperibone K has been achieved using an enantioselective alkylative dearomatization-annulation process. NMR and computational studies were employed to probe the mode of action of a chiral phase-transfer (ion pair) catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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35
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Goodell JR, Leng B, Snyder TK, Beeler AB, Porco JA. Multidimensional Screening and Methodology Development for Condensations Involving Complex 1,2-Diketones. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2010; 2010:2254-2270. [PMID: 25132691 PMCID: PMC4132846 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1218813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Multidimensional reaction screening employing complex 1,2-cycloheptanediones is described. The studies have enabled the discovery of regioselective, Lewis acid-mediated condensations with substituted ureas and a diastereoselective hydrogenation process which proceeds via an interesting allylpalladium hydride isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Goodell
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU) Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
| | - Bo Leng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU) Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
| | - Tracy K. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU) Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU) Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU) Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
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36
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Kinoshita H, Ingham OJ, Ong WW, Beeler AB, Porco JA. Tandem processes identified from reaction screening: nucleophilic addition to aryl N-phosphinylimines employing La(III)-TFAA activation. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6412-8. [PMID: 20394364 PMCID: PMC2881420 DOI: 10.1021/ja100346w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reaction screening of nucleophilic reaction partners for addition to N-diphenylphosphinylimines employing lanthanum(III) triflate as a catalyst and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) as an activator is reported. A number of tandem processes leading to novel chemotypes including aza-Prins/intramolecular Friedel-Crafts annulations have been identified, and both reaction scope and mechanism further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,
| | - Oscar J. Ingham
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,
| | - Winnie W. Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,
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37
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Kota S, Scampavia L, Spicer T, Beeler AB, Takahashi V, Snyder JK, Porco JA, Hodder P, Strosberg AD. A time-resolved fluorescence-resonance energy transfer assay for identifying inhibitors of hepatitis C virus core dimerization. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2010; 8:96-105. [PMID: 20035614 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2009.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA to core, the capsid protein, results in the formation of the nucleocapsid, the first step in the assembly of the viral particle. A novel assay was developed to discover small molecule inhibitors of core dimerization. This assay is based on time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) between anti-tag antibodies labeled with either europium cryptate (Eu) or allophycocyanin (XL-665). The N-terminal 106-residue portion of core protein (core106) was tagged with either glutathione-S-transferase (GST) or a Flag peptide. Tag-free core106 was selected as the reference inhibitor. The assay was used to screen the library of pharmacologically active compounds (LOPAC) consisting of 1,280 compounds and a 2,240-compound library from the Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development at Boston University (CMLD-BU). Ten of the 28 hits from the primary TR-FRET run were confirmed in a secondary amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (ALPHA screen). One hit was further characterized by dose-response analysis yielding an IC(50) of 9.3 microM. This 513 Da compound was shown to inhibit HCV production in cultured hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Kota
- Department of Infectology, The Scripps Research Institute-Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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38
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Goodell JR, McMullen JP, Zaborenko N, Maloney JR, Ho CX, Jensen KF, Porco JA, Beeler AB. Development of an automated microfluidic reaction platform for multidimensional screening: reaction discovery employing bicyclo[3.2.1]octanoid scaffolds. J Org Chem 2009; 74:6169-80. [PMID: 20560568 PMCID: PMC2976622 DOI: 10.1021/jo901073v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An automated, silicon-based microreactor system has been developed for rapid, low-volume, multidimensional reaction screening. Use of the microfluidic platform to identify transformations of densely functionalized bicyclo[3.2.1]octanoid scaffolds will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Goodell
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Jonathan P. McMullen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-342, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Nikolay Zaborenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-342, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jason R. Maloney
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Chuan-Xing Ho
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-342, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - John A. Porco
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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39
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Han C, Rangarajan S, Voukides AC, Beeler AB, Johnson R, Porco JA. Reaction discovery employing macrocycles: transannular cyclizations of macrocyclic bis-lactams. Org Lett 2009; 11:413-6. [PMID: 19102683 DOI: 10.1021/ol802729f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic bis-lactams have been synthesized by cyclodimerization of homoallylic amino esters employing a Zr(IV)-catalyzed ester-amide exchange protocol. Base-mediated transannular cyclizations have been identified to access both bicyclic [5-11] and tricyclic [5-8-5] frameworks in good yield and diastereoselectivity. Preliminary mechanistic studies support an olefin isomerization-intramolecular conjugate addition pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Han
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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40
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Zhou Y, Beeler AB, Cho S, Wang Y, Franzblau SG, Snyder JK. Library Synthesis Using 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-1,6-naphthyridines as Scaffolds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:534-40. [DOI: 10.1021/cc800038r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, 833 South Wood Street, MC964, Room 412, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, 833 South Wood Street, MC964, Room 412, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Sanghyun Cho
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, 833 South Wood Street, MC964, Room 412, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, 833 South Wood Street, MC964, Room 412, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, 833 South Wood Street, MC964, Room 412, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - John K. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, 833 South Wood Street, MC964, Room 412, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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41
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Ong WW, Beeler AB, Kesavan S, Panek JS, Porco JA. Nucleophilic addition to N-phosphinylimines by rare-earth-metal triflate/trifluoroacetic anhydride activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:7470-2. [PMID: 17722135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Winnie W Ong
- Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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42
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Peng LF, Kim SS, Matchacheep S, Lei X, Su S, Lin W, Runguphan W, Choe WH, Sakamoto N, Ikeda M, Kato N, Beeler AB, Porco JA, Schreiber SL, Chung RT. Identification of novel epoxide inhibitors of hepatitis C virus replication using a high-throughput screen. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:3756-9. [PMID: 17682098 PMCID: PMC2043288 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00233-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using our high-throughput hepatitis C replicon assay to screen a library of over 8,000 novel diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) compounds, we identified several novel compounds that regulate hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication, including two libraries of epoxides that inhibit HCV replication (best 50% effective concentration, < 0.5 microM). We then synthesized an analog of these compounds with optimized activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee F Peng
- GI Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Woo GHC, Beeler AB, Snyder JK. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,5-naphthyridines and related heterocyclic scaffolds: Exploration of suitable chemistry for library development. Tetrahedron 2007; 63:5649-5655. [PMID: 19112520 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,5-naphthyridines and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,2-b]azepines has been explored with the goal of discovering reactions at N1 suitable for library development. Epoxide openings, palladium-catalyzed N-arylations, DEPBT-promoted acylations, and urea formation through the reaction with isocyanates were all successful. The epoxide opening chemistry using homochiral epichlorohydrin, with epoxide reclosure and a second nucleophilic opening led to the preparation of a small 24-membered library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H C Woo
- Department of Chemistry, and the Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215
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44
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Choi SR, Beeler AB, Pradhan A, Watkins EB, Rimoldi JM, Tekwani B, Avery MA. Generation of Oxamic Acid Libraries: Antimalarials and Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum Lactate Dehydrogenase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:292-300. [PMID: 17316052 DOI: 10.1021/cc060110n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway of Plasmodium falciparum (pf) and has several unique amino acids, related to other LDHs, at the active site, making it an attractive target for antimalarial agents. Oxamate, a competitive inhibitor, shows high substrate affinity for pfLDH. This class of compounds has been viewed as potential antimalarial agents. Thus, we have developed an effective automated synthetic strategy for the rapid synthesis of oxamic acid and ester libraries to screen for potential lead inhibitors. One hundred sixty-seven oxamic acids were synthesized using a "catch and release" method with overall yields of 20-70%. Most of the compounds synthesized had some inhibitory effects, but compounds 5 and 6 were the most active against both chloroquine- and mefloquine-resistant strains with IC50 values of 15.4 and 9.41 microM and 20.4 and 8.40 microM, respectively. Some oxamic acids showed activities against pfLDH and mammalian LDH (mLDH) at the micromolar range. These oxamic acids selectively inhibited pfLDH 2-5 fold over mLDH. Oxamic acid 21 was the most active against pfLDH at IC50 = 14 and mLDH at IC50 = 25 microM, suggesting that oxamic acid derivatives are potential inhibitors of pfLDH and that further study is required to develop selective inhibitors of pfLDH over mLDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung-ryoung Choi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677-1848, USA
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45
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Abstract
Multidimensional reaction screening of ortho-alkynyl benzaldehydes with a variety of catalysts and reaction partners was conducted in an effort to identify new chemical reactions. Reactions affording unique products were selected for investigation of preliminary scope and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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46
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Dandapani S, Lan P, Beeler AB, Beischel S, Abbas A, Roth BL, Porco JA, Panek JS. Convergent Synthesis of Complex Diketopiperazines Derived from Pipecolic Acid Scaffolds and Parallel Screening against GPCR Targets. J Org Chem 2006; 71:8934-45. [PMID: 17081025 DOI: 10.1021/jo061758p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A convergent approach to highly functionalized diketopiperazines (DKPs) using enantioenriched pipecolic acids is described. Scandium triflate-catalyzed [4 + 2] aza-annulation was employed to produce stereochemically well-defined building blocks. A resin "catch and release" strategy was devised to convert annulation products to pipecolic acid monomers. Complex diketopiperazines were efficiently assembled utilizing one-pot cyclodimerization of pipecolic acids. Massively parallel screening of the complex DKPs against a panel of molecular targets identified novel ligands for a number of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraman Dandapani
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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47
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Gerard B, Ryan J, Beeler AB, Porco JA. Synthesis of 1,4,5-trisubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles by copper-catalyzed cycloaddition-coupling of azides and terminal alkynes. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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48
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Abstract
New strategies are continuously being developed in combinatorial and diversity-oriented synthesis. Convergent design in target-oriented synthesis is commonly employed for construction of complex molecules. In this mini-review, we describe examples of convergent library design and synthesis as well as potential areas for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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49
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Beeler AB, Acquilano DE, Su Q, Yan F, Roth BL, Panek JS, Porco JA. Synthesis of a Library of Complex Macrodiolides Employing Cyclodimerization of Hydroxy Esters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 7:673-81. [PMID: 16153061 DOI: 10.1021/cc050064b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of complex macrodiolides involving microwave-accelerated transesterification of chiral, nonracemic, hydroxy esters is described. Methodology development studies indicate that both microwave power and reaction temperature play an important role in the efficiency of cyclodimerizations. Hydroxy ester monomer pairs were evaluated using an analytical rehearsal leading to the preparation of a 127-member library of highly diverse and stereochemically well-defined macrodiolides. Preliminary assays identified a novel macrodiolide antagonist of the kappa opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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50
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Su S, Acquilano DE, Arumugasamy J, Beeler AB, Eastwood EL, Giguere JR, Lan P, Lei X, Min GK, Yeager AR, Zhou Y, Panek JS, Snyder JK, Schaus SE, Porco JA. Convergent Synthesis of a Complex Oxime Library Using Chemical Domain Shuffling. Org Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ol051425z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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