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Saboor M, Hamali HA, Mobarki AA, Madkhali AM, Dboie G. Exploring antithrombin: insights into its physiological features, clinical implications and analytical techniques. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2024; 35:43-48. [PMID: 38179715 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Antithrombin is an essential protein that acts as a natural anticoagulant in the human body. It is synthesized by the liver and belongs to the serine protease inhibitors, which are commonly referred to as the SERPINS superfamily. The antithrombin molecule comprises 432 amino acids and has a molecular weight of approximately 58 200 D. It consists of three domains, including an amino-terminal domain, a carbohydrate-rich domain, and a carboxyl-terminal domain. The amino-terminal domain binds with heparin, whereas the carboxyl-terminal domain binds with serine protease. Antithrombin is a crucial natural anticoagulant that contributes approximately 60-80% of plasma anticoagulant activities in the human body. Moreover, antithrombin has anti-inflammatory effects that can be divided into coagulation-dependent and coagulation-independent effects. Furthermore, it exhibits antitumor activity and possesses a broad range of antiviral properties. Inherited type I antithrombin deficiency is a quantitative disorder that is characterized by low antithrombin activity due to low plasma levels. On the other hand, inherited type II antithrombin deficiency is a qualitative disorder that is characterized by defects in the antithrombin molecule. Acquired antithrombin deficiencies are more common than hereditary deficiencies and are associated with various clinical conditions due to reduced synthesis, increased loss, or enhanced consumption. The purpose of this review was to provide an update on the structure, functions, clinical implications, and methods of detection of antithrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saboor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen M Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gasim Dboie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Hakami W, Dobie G, Alneami KA, Shaabi M, Essawi K, Saboor M, Madkhali AM, Nahari MH, Almasoudi HH, Akhter MS, Hakami FH, Zarbatan FA, Hakamy A, Chandika RM, Fageehi AA, Mobarki AA, Hamali HA. Assessing Nutritional Anemia Among University Students in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A Public Health Perspective. J Blood Med 2024; 15:51-60. [PMID: 38352049 PMCID: PMC10863464 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s436673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritional anemia is a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly affecting young adults and children in Saudi Arabia, where inadequate nutrition is considered a primary contributing factor. This study aims to (i) examine the levels of serum iron, folate, and vitamin B12 in young adult students, with a focus on identifying any deficiencies and their association with anemia; (ii) explore the prevalence of mixed-deficiency anemia resulting from deficiencies in serum iron, folate, and vitamin B12 (iii) explore how sociodemographic characteristics and dietary habits influence serum iron, folate, and vitamin B12 levels. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study encompassed 158 young adult students at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. Blood samples were collected following a comprehensive questionnaire addressing sociodemographic and health characteristics. These samples were analyzed for complete blood count, serum iron, folate, and vitamin B12 levels. Results The findings of this study revealed a significant decrease in serum iron levels, with 70.6% of males and 88% in females exhibiting reduced level. Additionally, low levels of folate were observed in 4% of the study population, while deficiency in vitamin B12 was found in 2.2% of the study population. However, the simultaneous presence of low serum iron levels along with deficiencies in folate or vitamin B12 was not observed in the study participants. Conclusion The study indicates that there is a high incidence of low serum iron and ferritin levels among university students in Saudi Arabia, which poses a considerable public health concern. Conversely, the prevalence of folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies among the students was comparatively low, and notably, there were no cases where these deficiencies were observed alongside iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Hakami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadija A Alneami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misk Shaabi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Essawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saboor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aymen M Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Nahari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan H Almasoudi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Akhter
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fasial H Hakami
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah A Zarbatan
- Respiratory Care Department, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hakamy
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rama M Chandika
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Fageehi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Essawi K, Dobie G, Shaabi MF, Hakami W, Saboor M, Madkhali AM, Hamami AAH, Allallah WH, Akhter MS, Mobarki AA, Hamali HA. Comparative Analysis of Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelet Count, and Indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Normal Controls: Association and Clinical Implications. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3123-3132. [PMID: 37822802 PMCID: PMC10563775 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s422373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health burden affecting 537 million adults worldwide, characterized by chronic metabolic disorder and various complications. This case control study aimed to assess the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including hyperglycemia levels, on hematological parameters and complete blood count (CBC) derived parameters. Methods A total of 250 known diabetic patients from the Jazan Diabetic Center, Saudi Arabia, between January 2021 and December 2022, along with 175 healthy adult controls were recruited from Jazan Hospital's blood donation center. Demographic characteristics, medical histories, and relevant factors such as gender, age, BMI, treatment, disease duration, and comorbidities were collected with informed consent. Results The results of the red blood cell (RBC) count, RBC indices, and mean platelet volume showed significant differences between patients and controls, while the white cell (WBC) and platelet count were comparable between the two groups. CBC-derived parameters, especially neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet/neutrophil ratio (PNR) exhibited significant differences. Conclusion CBC and derived parameters serve as inexpensive tools for T2DM patients monitoring, indicating early blood cell alterations and potential development of anemia. Further studies are needed to explore their role in predicting T2DM pathogenesis and progression, aiming to reduce severe complications, mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Essawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misk F Shaabi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hakami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saboor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aymen M Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A H Hamami
- Department of Laboratory & Blood Bank, Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael H Allallah
- Department of Laboratory & Blood Bank, Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Akhter
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Madkhali AM, Mobarki AA, Ghzwani AH, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Zhranei A, Osais A, Sohel A, Othman B, Dobie G, Hamali HA. Elevated Levels of Procoagulant Microvesicles and Tissue-Factor Bearing Microvesicles in Malaria Patients. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1205-1215. [PMID: 37041799 PMCID: PMC10083009 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s402212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Procoagulant microvesicles (MVs) are submicron membrane fragments released from activated cells and cells undergoing apoptosis. The procoagulant activity of MVs is enhanced in the presence of tissue factor (TF). MVs and TF are active mediators that induce pro-inflammatory response and prothrombotic tendency and have been linked to the severity of several disorders, including malaria infection. The current study aimed to measure the levels of circulating procoagulant MVs and TF-bearing MVs in malaria patients and correlate these levels with other hematological parameters and parasitemia. Materials and Methods Levels of MVs and TF-bearing MVs in the plasma of children and adult patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum were measured alongside matched healthy controls. Results Patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection had ~3.8 times MVs (p < 0.0001) and ~13.0 times TF-bearing MVs compared to the matched healthy controls. MVs showed inverse significant correlation with platelet count (p = 0.0055), hemoglobin (p = 0.0004) and parasitemia. Conclusion Elevated levels of MVs and TF-bearing MVs could be useful biomarkers to evaluate the procoagulant activity, inflammatory response and parasitemia levels in malaria infection, aiding in better management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen M Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Ghzwani
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Zhranei
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Osais
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Sohel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim Othman
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Hassan A Hamali, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 1906, Gizan, 45142, Saudi Arabia, Email
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Dobie G, Abutalib S, Sadifi W, Jahfali M, Alghamdi B, Khormi A, Alharbi T, Zaqan M, Baalous ZM, Hakami AR, Nahari MH, Mobarki AA, Saboor M, Akhter MS, Hamadi A, Jackson DE, Hamali HA. The correlation between severe complications and blood group types in COVID-19 patients; with possible role of T polyagglutination in promoting thrombotic tendencies. AIMSMEDS 2023. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2023001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
<abstract><sec>
<title>Introduction</title>
<p>Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still posing detrimental effects on people. An association between contracting COVID-19 and the ABO blood group type has been determined. However, factors that determine the severity of COVID-19 are not yet fully understood. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate whether the ABO blood group type has a role in the severity of complications due to COVID-19.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Materials and methods</title>
<p>Eighty-Six ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients and 80 matched-healthy controls were recruited in the study from Baish general hospital, Saudi Arabia. ABO blood grouping, complete blood count (CBC), CBC-derived inflammatory markers, coagulation profile, D-Dimer and anti-T antigen were reported.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>Our data showed that patients with blood groups O and B are more protective against severe complications from COVID-19, as compared to patients with blood groups A and AB. This could be partially attributed to the presence of anti-T in blood group A individuals, compared to non-blood group A.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The current study reports an association between the ABO blood group and the susceptibility to severe complications from COVID-19, with a possible role of anti-T in driving the mechanism of the thrombotic tendency, as it was also correlated with an elevation in D-dimer levels.</p>
</sec></abstract>
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Affiliation(s)
- Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Abutalib
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Sadifi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mada Jahfali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan Alghamdi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Khormi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taibah Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munyah Zaqan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahra M Baalous
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahim R Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Nahari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saboor
- College of Health Science, Department of Medical Laboratory science, Sharjah University, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mohammad S Akhter
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Hamadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Denise E Jackson
- Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
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Akhter MS, Rashid H, Hamali HA, Alshahrani S, Dobie G, Qadri M, Madkhali AM, Mobarki AA. Hematotoxicity of Co-Administration of Bisphenol A and Acetaminophen in Rats and its Amelioration by Melatonin. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:222-229. [PMID: 35674302 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220607124757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematotoxicity is an underexplored endpoint of toxicity in most of the chemical exposures. An adverse effect on the hematological system arising out of xenobiotic exposure causes impaired hemostasis and coagulation leading to disease. BPA and acetaminophen are widely used synthetic chemicals worldwide and both are known and have numerous toxic effects. Since both can be simultaneously exposed to humans over a period of time, we hypothesized that their exposure can cause hematotoxicity, which may be ameliorated by melatonin. OBJECTIVE In the current study, we aimed to find the effect of single and co-treatment of bisphenol A and acetaminophen on the RBC and coagulation factors in rats, and amelioration of impairment by melatonin. METHODS Oxidative stress in red blood cells, bleeding time, blood clotting time, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen levels were assessed as indicators of hematotoxicity with single and co-exposure to bisphenol A and acetaminophen in rats. The effect of melatonin as a hemato-protective agent was assessed in the co-exposure. RESULTS An increase in RBC oxidative stress and decrease in bleeding time, blood clotting time, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time along with an increase in fibrinogen levels were observed with bisphenol A and acetaminophen treatment, which were further aggravated with cotreatment of the two. Melatonin treatment, however, was seen to decrease the increase in oxidative stress and ameliorate the impairment in coagulation factors. CONCLUSION Bisphenol A and acetaminophen cause an increase in the oxidative stress in the red blood cells, and cause a shift toward pro-coagulation, which is alleviated by treatment with melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Akhter
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hina Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen M Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Mobarki AA, Dobie G, Saboor M, Madkhali AM, Habibullah MM, Nahari MH, Kamli H, Hakamy A, Hamali HA. Prevalence and Correlation of Vitamin D Levels with Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Young Adults. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2022; 52:815-824. [PMID: 36261180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D has a pivotal role in maintaining healthy bones and in the modulation of multiple physiologic processes. Vitamin D deficiency has become a global burden that affects all members of society. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlation of vitamin D deficiency with hematological and biochemical parameters in young adult college students. Hundred and fourteen students (77 men and 37 women) were recruited. MATERIALS AND METHODS The socio-demographic and clinicopathologic features of the students were evaluated using a pre-tested and validated questionnaire, and samples were collected for complete blood count (CBC), vitamin D, calcium, parathyroid hormone, and phosphorus measurements. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in men (53.2%) than in women (48.7%). Calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were within the normal range, and 26% and 22% of male and female participants, respectively, had low phosphorus levels. Vitamin D showed a positive correlation with calcium in men (r=0.3927; P=0.005) and women (r=0.4122; P=0.0566). Although, vitamin D status had no impact on most of CBC parameters, significant positive correlation was observed with eosinophils in women. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is very prevalent among college students, therefore health education and public awareness campaigns on the consequences of vitamin D deficiency on health and well-being are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saboor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen M Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M Habibullah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Nahari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam Kamli
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hakamy
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
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Hamali HA, Madkhali MM, Dobie G, Madkhali AM, Madkhali B, Hummadi Y, Meshi A, Akhter MS, Mobarki AA, Saboor M. Prevalence of Rh and K phenotypes among blood donors from different ethnicities in Samtah (Southwestern Region) Saudi Arabia. Int J Immunogenet 2022; 49:202-208. [PMID: 35513355 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rh and Kell blood group systems are amongst the most important blood group systems; being highly immunogenic after ABO system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequencies of Rh antigens, haplotypes and K antigen among blood donors belonging to various ethnicities in Samtah, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. METHODS This study was conducted during January 2019 and August 2020 at Samtah General Hospital, Samtah. Records of all blood donors recruited during this period were included for data acquisition. A total of 4977 blood donors' records were reviewed and data were analysed. A total of 3863 donors' results were considered in the final analysis. RESULTS In comparison to Saudi blood donors, C antigen was less frequent in Sudanese donors (69.7% and 34.0%), the c antigen was less frequent in Indian (79.2% and 59.3%) and Philippine (79.2% and 40.0%) donors and more frequent in Sudanese (79.2% and 97.9%) donors, the E antigen was less frequent in Yemini (27.0% and 19.5%) and the e antigen was more frequent in Yemini (96.7% and 99.2%) donors. The DcE haplotype was less frequent (3.1% and 0.7%) and the ce haplotype was more frequent (4.3% and 7.6%) in Yemini donors. The K antigen was less frequent in Pakistani (11.9% and 4.1%; p = .041) and Indian (11.9% and 1.9%; p = .023) donors. CONCLUSION Rh and K antigens showed marked variations in their frequencies among blood donors of different ethnicities. Utilization of blood from various ethnicities warrant extended phenotyping of Rh and K antigens to avoid the risk of alloimmunization in multiply transfused patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maymoon M Madkhali
- Samtah General Hospital, Jazan Health, Gizan, Saudi Arabia.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen M Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem Madkhali
- Samtah General Hospital, Jazan Health, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahia Hummadi
- Samtah General Hospital, Jazan Health, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Meshi
- King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan Health, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Akhter
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saboor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
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Halawani AJ, Mobarki AA, Arjan AH, Saboor M, Hamali HA, Dobie G, Alsharif KF. Red Cell Alloimmunization and Autoimmunization Among Sickle Cell Disease and Thalassemia Patients in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:4093-4100. [PMID: 35450032 PMCID: PMC9017690 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s360320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amr J Halawani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Amr J Halawani, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Email
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Arjan
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Fahad Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saboor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Hamali HA, Saboor M, Dobie G, Madkhali AM, Akhter MS, Hakamy A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Jackson DE, Matari YH, Mobarki AA. Procoagulant Microvesicles in COVID-19 Patients: Possible Modulators of Inflammation and Prothrombotic Tendency. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:2359-2368. [PMID: 35517897 PMCID: PMC9064482 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s355395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hypercoagulability and thrombotic tendency in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is multifactorial, driven mainly by inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Elevated levels of procoagulant microvesicles (MVs) and tissue factor–bearing microvesicles (TF-bearing MVs) have been observed in many diseases with thrombotic tendency. The current study aimed to measure the levels of procoagulant MVs and TF-bearing MVs in patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls and to correlate their levels with platelet counts, D-Dimer levels, and other proposed calculated inflammatory markers. Materials and Methods Forty ICU-admitted patients with COVID-19 and 37 healthy controls were recruited in the study. Levels of procoagulant MVs and TF-bearing MVs in the plasma of the study population were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results COVID-19 patients had significantly elevated levels of procoagulant MVs and TF-bearing MVs as compared with healthy controls (P<0.001). Procoagulant MVs significantly correlated with TF-bearing MVs, D-dimer levels, and platelet count, but not with calculated inflammatory markers (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, and platelet/neutrophil ratio). Conclusion Elevated levels of procoagulant MVs and TF-bearing MVs in patients with COVID-19 are suggested to be (i) early potential markers to predict the severity of COVID-19 (ii) a novel circulatory biomarker to evaluate the procoagulant activity and severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Hassan A Hamali, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 1906, Gizan, 45142, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966173295000, Email
| | - Muhammad Saboor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen M Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Akhter
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hakamy
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Denise E Jackson
- Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Yahya H Matari
- Laboratory Department, Baish General Hospital, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Akhter MS, Biswas A, Iqbal J, Hamali HA, Mobarki AA, Abdullah SM, Dobie G, Saxena R. Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphisms Increase Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis by Altering Homocysteine Levels. Clin Lab 2022; 68. [PMID: 35254039 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2021.210642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a multicausal disease involving both acquired as well as genetic factors. Nitric oxide is an influential endogenous factor having its role in the development of deep vein thrombosis. It maintains the vascular integrity and any alterations in its levels may lead to a thrombotic event. It may also modulate homocysteine metabolism to cause hyperhomocysteinemia, which is a prominent risk factor for thrombosis. The objective of the study was to study if endothelial nitric oxide gene polymorphisms, 894G/T, and 2479G/A alter the plasma nitric oxide and homocysteine levels which may eventually increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis. METHODS One hundred Doppler ultrasonography and computerized tomography confirmed (for cerebral venous thrombosis), non-related DVT patients (M:F = 58:42; age range = 18 to 61 years) served as the study population. Two hundred hospital staff and their relatives or unrelated attendants of the patients served as the controls. Nitric oxide levels were determined by measuring its metabolites (NOx), and EIA was used to measure homocysteine levels. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for detecting the eNOS polymorphisms 894G/T and 2479G/A. RESULTS In total, DVT subjects have 25% higher plasma levels of homocysteine and 37% lower levels of NOx in their circulation when compared to controls. In tertile analysis of nitric oxide and homocysteine levels, 894G/T and 2479G/A polymorphisms were associated with plasma nitric oxide and homocysteine levels. The increased risk of deep vein thrombosis was associated with endothelial nitric oxide gene polymorphisms and nitric oxide levels, but homocysteine levels were not a risk for deep vein thrombosis. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that 894G/T and 2479G/A polymorphisms interact with lower levels of nitric oxide and higher levels of homocysteine that may possess the risk of deep vein thrombosis.
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Abdalhabib EK, Alzahrani B, Alanazi F, Algarni A, Ibrahim IK, Mohamed HA, Hamali HA, Mobarki AA, Dobie G, Saboor M. Increased Risk of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adult Patients with GSTM1 Null Genetic Polymorphism. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:227-234. [PMID: 35313604 PMCID: PMC8934168 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s356302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glutathione S-transferases (GSTT1 and GSTM1) detoxify various endogenous and exogenous compounds and provide cytoprotective role against reactive species. This study aimed to assess the frequency of GSTT1, and GSTM1 polymorphisms in newly diagnosed Sudanese adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to evaluate the association of these polymorphisms with age, gender and type of ALL. Patients and Methods This case–control study included 128 adult Sudanese, untreated newly diagnosed patients with ALL, aged 18 to 74 years and 128 age-gender matched healthy controls. Deletional polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes were genotyped through a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using β-globin gene as an internal positive control. Results The genotypic frequency of GSTT1 null polymorphism was 22.7% in cases and 14.8% in controls (OR = 1.68, P = 0.111). Statistically significant differences were noted in the frequencies of GSTM1 null polymorphism in cases and controls (OR = 3.7, P = <0.001). Combined GSTT1 null and GSTM1 null gene polymorphisms showed statistically significant difference in patients with ALL as compared to controls (OR = 6.5, CI 95% = 1.42–29.74, P < 0.001). Conclusion Irrespective of age at diagnosis, gender, and phenotype of ALL, GSTM1 null polymorphism either alone or in combination with GSTT1 null polymorphism poses significantly increased risk of developing ALL in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezeldine K Abdalhabib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fehaid Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Algarni
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Borders University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Khider Ibrahim
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hozifa A Mohamed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sudan International University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saboor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Center (MRC), Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Muhammad Saboor, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 54 495 9029, Email
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Saboor M, Khan A, Hamali HA, Mobarki AA, Madkhali AM, Dobie G, Nizamani GS. Correlation of Antithrombin Functional Status and Levels with Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Hepatitis C. Clin Lab 2022; 68. [PMID: 35142192 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2021.210608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal levels of coagulation factors and their inhibitors have shown association with liver diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the qualitative and quantitive status of antithrombin (AT) in patients with chronic liver disease associated hepatitis C infection and their correlation with severity of liver fibrosis. METHODS In this study, 75 (43 male and 32 female) known patients with chronic liver disease associated hepatitis C infection were enrolled. AT activity and quantitative immunoassays were carried out using Stachrom AT reagent kit (Diagnostica Stago, France) and Liatest AT reagent (Diagnostica Stago, France), respectively. Hepatic biopsies were obtained and graded for liver fibrosis from all study participants. RESULTS Of the 75 patients, 45 had normal AT while 30 showed lower activity of AT. Similarly, the quantitative assay showed reduced levels of AT in 30 patients and normal levels in 45 patients. CONCLUSIONS In the early stages of liver fibrosis, AT activity and antigenic levels were found to be normal or minimally affected. While advanced stages of the disease showed markedly reduced levels of AT and activity. Hence, it can be concluded that the degree of fibrosis affects the status of AT.
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Akhter MS, Hamali HA, Iqbal J, Mobarki AA, Rashid H, Dobie G, Madkhali AM, Arishi BYH, Ageeli EOO, Laghbi OSH. Iron Deficiency Anemia as a Factor in Male Infertility: Awareness in Health College Students in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182412866. [PMID: 34948476 PMCID: PMC8701172 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Male contribution towards couple infertility is increasing but is less discussed. We aimed to assess the knowledge about iron deficiency anemia (IDA) as a contributor to male infertility in students at health colleges of Jazan University. A multicentric, cross-sectional survey included 910 participants and 768 participants qualified as per our inclusion criteria. The questions were categorized as: Model 1—knowledge about IDA-induced male infertility; Model 2—knowledge about IDA. The average knowledge of IDA causing male infertility is very low among students. The 18–20 years age group had a lesser score for either knowledge of IDA (M2; p-value = 0.047) or total (p-value < 0.0001) compared to the older group. In addition, female students were significantly more likely to be better in achieving higher total scores (p-value = 0.023) as well as M2 scores (p-value < 0.0001) when compared to the respective male category. On the other hand, males were significantly better in scoring for M1 (p-value = 0.004) compared to females. Awareness about iron deficiency anemia as a factor in male infertility may reduce the infertility burden, arising from a preventable factor, in the Jazan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Akhter
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.H.); (A.A.M.); (G.D.); (A.M.M.); (B.Y.H.A.); (E.O.O.A.); (O.S.H.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hassan A. Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.H.); (A.A.M.); (G.D.); (A.M.M.); (B.Y.H.A.); (E.O.O.A.); (O.S.H.L.)
| | - Johar Iqbal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah A. Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.H.); (A.A.M.); (G.D.); (A.M.M.); (B.Y.H.A.); (E.O.O.A.); (O.S.H.L.)
| | - Hina Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.H.); (A.A.M.); (G.D.); (A.M.M.); (B.Y.H.A.); (E.O.O.A.); (O.S.H.L.)
| | - Aymen M. Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.H.); (A.A.M.); (G.D.); (A.M.M.); (B.Y.H.A.); (E.O.O.A.); (O.S.H.L.)
| | - Bader Y. H Arishi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.H.); (A.A.M.); (G.D.); (A.M.M.); (B.Y.H.A.); (E.O.O.A.); (O.S.H.L.)
| | - Emad O. O. Ageeli
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.H.); (A.A.M.); (G.D.); (A.M.M.); (B.Y.H.A.); (E.O.O.A.); (O.S.H.L.)
| | - Osama S. H. Laghbi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.H.); (A.A.M.); (G.D.); (A.M.M.); (B.Y.H.A.); (E.O.O.A.); (O.S.H.L.)
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15
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Mobarki AA, Dobie G, Saboor M, Madkhali AM, Akhter MS, Hakamy A, Humran A, Hamali Y, Jackson DE, Hamali HA. MPR and NLR as Prognostic Markers in ICU-Admitted Patients with COVID-19 in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4859-4864. [PMID: 34848978 PMCID: PMC8627266 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s342259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aims of the current study were to evaluate the importance of MPR and NLR as prognostic markers in ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients and to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on hematological and coagulation parameters in patients from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Methods This retrospective study was conducted between October 2020 and January 2021 at King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan region. Medical files, which included the results of complete blood count (CBC), calculated mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio (MPR) and neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) parameters, coagulation profile and D-dimer test, of 96 (64 male and 32 female) COVID-19-infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit were reviewed. Associations between the test results and COVID-19 infection outcomes (discharged [DC] or passed away [PA]) were measured. Results The results of the current study demonstrate overall significant differences in CBC parameters between PA group as compared to DC group (P < 0.05). The PA group had a significantly elevated MPR (10.15±12.16 vs 4.04±1.5; P < 0.01) and NLR (18.29±19.82 vs 7.35±9.68; P < 0.01) as compared to the DC group, suggesting an association between these parameters and mortality. Odds ratios analysis also showed that adjustment for demographic variables and comorbidities did not weaken the observed association. Conclusion Elevated MPR and NLR are associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients and could be useful as therapy management indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saboor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen M Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Akhter
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hakamy
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Humran
- Respiratory Care Department, King Fahad Central Hospital, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousof Hamali
- Radiodiagnostics and Medical Imaging Department, Prince Sultan Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Denise E Jackson
- Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Madkhali AM, Abdulhaq AA, Atroosh WM, Ghzwani AH, Zain KA, Ghailan KY, Hamali HA, Mobarki AA, Eisa ZM, Lau YL, Al-Mekhlafi HM. The return of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia over a decade after the adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapy: analysis of genetic mutations in the pfcrt gene. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3771-3781. [PMID: 34561749 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the polymorphism in the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) gene 11 years after chloroquine (CQ) cessation in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Two hundred and thirty-five P. falciparum isolates were amplified to detect mutations in the pfcrt gene. The pfcrt 76 T molecular marker for CQ resistance was detected in 66.4% (156/235) of the isolates, while the K76 CQ-sensitive wild type was detected in 33.6%. The pfcrt 74I and pfcrt 75E point mutations were each found to be present in 56.2% of isolates, while only four isolates (1.7%) were found to carry the pfcrt 72S mutation. Moreover, four pfcrt haplotypes were identified as follows: the CVIET triple-allele (56.2%), SVMET double-allele (1.7%) and CVMNT single-allele (8.5%) mutant haplotypes and the CVMNK wild haplotype (33.6%). The analysis also revealed significant associations between the prevalence of mutant pfcrt alleles and haplotypes and the age group, governorate and nationality of the patients as well as the parasitaemia level (p < 0.05). The findings provide evidence of the potential re-emergence of CQ-susceptible P. falciparum strains in Jazan region over a decade after CQ discontinuation, with about one third of the isolates analysed carrying the pfcrt K76 CQ-sensitive wild allele and the CVMNK ancestral wild haplotype. Although the reintroduction of CQ cannot be recommended at present in Saudi Arabia, these findings support the rationale for a potential future role for CQ in malaria treatment. Therefore, continuous molecular and in vitro monitoring mutations of pfcrt polymorphism in Jazan region is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen M Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Abdulhaq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wahib M Atroosh
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen
| | | | - Khalid Ammash Zain
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Y Ghailan
- Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaki M Eisa
- Saudi Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yee-Ling Lau
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
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Akhter MS, Mobarki AA, Hamali HA, Saboor M, Madkhali AM, Dobie G, Hobani YH, Eisa ZM. Prevalence of β-S Globin Haplotypes in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia. Clin Lab 2021; 67. [PMID: 34383420 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2020.201205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common hematological genetic disorder in Saudi Arabia, Africa, the Mediterranean region, and India. The present study aimed to characterize βS haplotypes found in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. METHODS One hundred sickle cell trait (SCT) individuals, diagnosed during their visit to the premarital screening clinic at King Fahad Central Hospital, were included in the study. Molecular analysis was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and six polymorphic sites of the β-globin gene were analyzed using restriction endonucleases Hind II, Xmn-I, Hind III, and Ava II. RESULTS The results of the current study revealed the presence of five typical haplotypes in which Benin, Bantu, and Senegal were found in homozygous state with 29%, 3% and 1% frequencies, respectively. Interestingly, 29% of the studied population showed atypical haplotypes in heterozygous state and 2% in homozygous state for the first time in Jazan region. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the typical haplotypes, high frequency of atypical haplotypes in this study indicates a diverse genetic mechanism that might have a crucial effect on the severity of SCD in this region. Therefore, considering this study in a cohort population with SCD in Jazan region may provide more indepth details about the correlation between haplotypes and the clinical manifestation of the disease.
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Theyab A, Algahtani M, Dobie *G, Hamali HA, Mobarki AA, Saboor M, Halawani AJ, Nahari MH, Hakami AR, Hamadi A, Alsharif KH, Jackson DE. A Rare Pediatric Case Report With Review of Literature for the Diagnosis of Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (FAB M7). Recent Adv Biol Med 2021. [DOI: 10.18639/rabm.2021.1443014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounting for 3%–10% of primary AML in childhood. Clinical manifestations of AML patients can include low grade of fever, diarrhea, easy bruising, failure to growth, and life-threatening clinical manifestations. Laboratory tests are very crucial to make a definitive diagnosis and treatment. We report here an uncommon case of AMKL in a 12-month-old boy who presented with general paleness and fatigue. Based on blood film investigation, bone marrow examination report, and immunophenotyping, he was diagnosed as a case of AMKL without Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Theyab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Algahtani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - *Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Saboor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr J Halawani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Nahari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahim R Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Hamadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf H Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Denise E Jackson
- Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Kamli H, Zaman GS, Shaikh A, Mobarki AA, Rajagopalan P. A combined Chemical, Computational and invitro approach identifies SBL 105 as novel DHODH inhibitor in Acute Myeloid Leukemia cells. Oncol Res 2021; 28:899-911. [PMID: 34353411 PMCID: PMC8790134 DOI: 10.3727/096504021x16281573507558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) has been successful at the preclinical level in controlling myeloid leukemia. However, poor clinical trials warrant the search for new potent DHODH inhibitors. Herein we present a novel DHODH inhibitor SBL-105 effective against myeloid leukemia. Chemical characteristics were identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Virtual docking and molecular dynamic simulation analysis were performed using the automated protocol with AutoDock-VINA, GROMACS program. Human-recombinant (rh) DHODH was used for enzyme inhibition study. THP-1, TF-1, HL-60, and SKM-1 cell lines were used. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability. Flow cytometry was employed for cell cycle, apoptosis, and differentiation analysis. Chemical analysis identified the compound to be 3-benzylidene-6,7-benz-chroman-4-one (SBL-105). The compound showed high binding efficacy toward DHODH with a ΔGbinding score of −10.9 kcal/mol. Trajectory analysis indicated conserved interactions of SBL-105–DHODH to be stable throughout the 200-ns simulation. SBL-105 inhibited rh DHODH with an IC50 value of 48.48 nM. The GI50 values of SBL-105 in controlling THP-1, TF-1, HL-60, and SKM-1 cell proliferations were 60.66, 45.33, 73.98, and 86.01 nM, respectively. A dose-dependent increase in S-phase cell cycle arrest and total apoptosis was observed by SBL-105 treatment in both cell types, which were reversed in the presence of uridine. The compound also increased the differentiation marker CD11b-positive populations in both THP-1 and TF-1 cells, which were decreased under uridine influence. SBL-105, a novel DHODH inhibitor, identified using computational and in vitro analysis, was effective in controlling AML cells and needs attention for further preclinical developments.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the commonest clinical scenarios especially in children, women of childbearing age, and elders. The crux of this review was revisiting iron homeostasis, mechanism of iron absorption, causes, laboratory diagnosis, and management of IDA. METHODS This narrative review is compiled after a relevant literature search from electronic databases including, but not limited to, Google, Google Scholar, PMC, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus. The key words used for searching relevant literature include iron, iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, iron metabolism, hepcidin, transferrin, causes of iron deficiency anemia, and laboratory diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia. Reference hema-tology books were also consulted. RESULTS According to the published literature, about one mg of iron is required daily which equals its loss, although the iron requirement increases in pregnancy and lactating mothers. Dietary non heme iron (oxidized Fe3+) is reduced to the ferrous (Fe2+) form by ferrireductase present in the brush border of duodenal enterocytes. Ferrous iron is absorbed in the brush border of duodenal enterocytes through a carrier protein, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1). Heme iron is absorbed by the duodenal enterocytes through a mechanism that is not well understood or a receptor yet to be discovered. Transferrin receptor helps in the internalization of iron in the cells. Hepcidin acts as a gatekeeper and controls iron absorption by enterocytes and macrophages. IDA may be caused by decreased intake of iron, increased iron requirements or loss of iron from the body. CONCLUSIONS Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional anemia that affects large numbers of people in developed as well as in developing countries. It is estimated that approximately 2 billion people around the world have IDA. Microcytosis with marked reduction in serum iron, decreased % saturation of transferrin, low ferritin, and reduced or even undetectable hepcidin are the laboratory features of IDA. In addition, total iron binding capacity and soluble transferrin receptors increase significantly in IDA. Management of IDA is incomplete if the underlying cause is not ruled out and left untreated.
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Akhter MS, Hamali HA, Mobarki AA, Rashid H, Oldenburg J, Biswas A. SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Modulator of Pulmonary Embolism Paradigm. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1064. [PMID: 33806540 PMCID: PMC7961449 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening complication arising from venous thromboembolism with a difficult diagnosis and treatment and is often associated with increased mortality and morbidity. PE had a significantly low incidence prior to the COVID-19 epidemic. This condition saw a sharp surge during the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating an evident viral influence on PE's pathophysiology in COVID-19 patients. The hypercoagulable state induced by the viral load seems to be the major contributor, and the classical causative factors seem to play a lesser role. PE in COVID-19 infection has become a mammoth challenge since the diagnosis is quite challenging due to overlapping symptoms, lack of prior-known predisposing risk factors, limited resources, and viral transmittance risk. Numerous factors arising out of the viral load or treatment lead to an increased risk for PE in COVID-19 patients, besides the fact that certain unknown risk factors may also contribute to the incidence of PE in COVID-19 patients. The management of PE in COVID-19 infection mainly comprises thromboprophylaxis and anticoagulant therapy with mechanical ventilation, depending on the risk stratification of the patient, with a post-COVID-19 management that prevents recurrent PE and complications. This review aims to discuss various aspects of COVID-19-infection-associated PE and major differential aspects from non-COVID-19 PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Suhail Akhter
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (H.A.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Hassan A. Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (H.A.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Abdullah A. Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (H.A.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Hina Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
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Hamali HA, Mobarki AA, Saboor M, Alfeel A, Madkhali AM, Akhter MS, Dobie G. Prevalence of Anemia Among Jazan University Students. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:765-770. [PMID: 33116767 PMCID: PMC7547133 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s275702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Anemia is one of the most common disorders affecting the population in both low-income and developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in apparently normal male and female students of Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia. One hundred thirty-four (85 males and 49 females) healthy students with no outward signs of illness were recruited. A specific questionnaire related to sociodemographic and health characteristics was designed and validated. The collected samples were analyzed for complete blood count, serum iron, and serum ferritin. Results In the male group, 81 participants (95.3%) were nonanemic with normal hemoglobin (14.99 ± 1.11g/dl), whereas only 4 males were anemic (hemoglobin <13.0 g/dl). On the other hand, anemia was more prevalent in female students, as 67.35% had hemoglobin values less than 12.0 g/dl. In addition, 26.54% of the anemic females had low serum iron and serum ferritin, indicating iron-deficiency anemia. Although the majority of male participants had normal hemoglobin levels, 37.6% of them had low mean cell volume (MCV), low mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), low mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and high red blood cell (RBC) counts, suggesting thalassemia. Conclusion Anemia, in particular iron-deficiency anemia, was found to be highly prevalent in females, whereas more than one-third of the male participants might be carriers of alpha or beta thalassemia. Additionally, low dietary iron intake and irregular meal consumption could be two of the possible causes of anemia in the study population. Conducting this study on a large scale of male and female students from different faculties of Jazan University will provide in-depth details about the prevalence and types of anemia among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saboor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen Alfeel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen M Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Akhter
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
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Saboor M, Zehra A, Hamali HA, Halawani AJ, Mobarki AA, Madkhali AM, Abdullah S. Prevalence of A 2 and A 2B Subgroups and Anti-A 1 Antibody in Blood Donors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:787-790. [PMID: 33116770 PMCID: PMC7548237 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s272698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A2 and A2B are rare phenotypes of the ABO blood group system. Some individuals with A2 and A2B may have anti-A1 antibodies that may be clinically significant or insignificant. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of A2, A2B phenotypes and anti-A1 antibodies in blood donors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. This study also evaluated the reactivity potential of anti-A1 antibodies. Materials and Methods Blood samples collected from 446 blood donors were typed for ABO (cell and serum grouping) and Rh D. Individuals with blood group A and AB were further subtyped by testing with anti-A1 lectin. In addition to the serum grouping using A1 red cells, A2 and A2B individuals were screened for the presence of anti-A1 in their sera against A1 red cells at 4°C, 22°C and 37°C to determine the thermal amplitude of the reacting anti-A1 antibody (if present). Results Among A and AB, A1 was the commonest phenotype (20.2%, n=90 out of 446) while A1B was found to be 1.8% (n=8) among AB phenotype. A2 and A2B were found to be 2.2% (n=10) and 0.9% (n=4), respectively. Only one individual with A2B blood type showed cold reactive anti-A1 antibody, the strength of which was 32. Conclusion A2 and A2B were the rarest among ABO phenotypes in the studied population. Although rare, anti-A1 antibody is not so uncommon. Care shall be taken during routine ABO grouping especially in cases of mix-field or weak positive reactions in A and AB phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saboor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Research Centre (MRC), Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amtuz Zehra
- Basic Science Department, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Ahasa Branch, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Jamal Halawani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen M Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Abdullah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Hamali HA, Mobarki AA, Akhter MS, Saboor M, Madkhali AM, Halawani AJ, Hakami AM, Eisa ZM, Dobie G, Hobani Y. Elevated levels of procoagulant microvesicles in patients with dengue fever. Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: The levels of procoagulant microvesicles (MVs) and tissue factor (TF)-bearing MVs may be increased in many conditions, including dengue fever (DF). This study aimed to measure the levels of MVs and TF-bearing MVs in patients with DF and matched healthy controls. Materials & methods: Levels of MVs and TF-bearing MVs in the plasma of patients with DF and matched healthy controls were measured using functional assay. Results: The patient group had significantly elevated levels of MVs (p < 0.001) and slightly increased levels of TF-bearing MVs (p = 0.454) compared with the matched healthy controls. Conclusion: Elevated levels of MVs and TF-bearing MVs could be used as biomarkers to evaluate the hemostatic function of patients with DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Akhter
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saboor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen M Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr J Halawani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Zaki M Eisa
- Saudi Centre for Disease prevention & Control, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Hobani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
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Taha MME, Mohan S, Khediash H, Farasani A, Abdelwahab SI, Hamali HA, Mobarki AA. Amelioration of Carbon Tetrachloride - Induced Liver Injury by p-Coumaric Acid. CURR TOP NUTRACEUT R 2019. [DOI: 10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.18:337-342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the protective and in vivo antioxidant effects of p-coumaric acid on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were orally pre-treated with p-coumaric acid (at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) for 15 days before the subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (1.5 mL/kg). Silymarin served as a positive control for hepatoprotection. Blood and tissue samples were obtained and used to assess the effects of p-coumaric acid using quantitative and qualitative histological evaluation, glutathione levels, protein determination, and liver enzymes. p-Coumaric acid treatment did not demonstrate any toxicological abnormalities in mice. p-Coumaric acid and silymarin reduced the extent of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage and preserved normal hepatic enzymes (P < 0.05). p-Coumaric acid pre-treatment led to a diminution in increased malondialdehyde and decreased glutathione following carbon tetrachloride administration (P < 0.05). Furthermore, p-coumaric acid restored changes in superoxide dismutase and caspase-3 gene expression as a result of carbon tetrachloride exposure. In conclusion, p-coumaric acid helps restore toxicant-induced liver injury in rats via avoidance of lipid peroxidation, inhibition of cell death and preservation of antioxidant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussien Khediash
- Biomedical Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Farasani
- Biomedical Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hassan A. Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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