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Feleke S, Mengsit A, Kassa A, Dagne M, Getinet T, Kebede N, Guade M, Awoke M, Mulugeta G, Seyoum Z, Amare N. DETERMINANTS OF PRETERM BIRTH AMONG MOTHERS WHO GAVE BIRTH AT A REFERRAL HOSPITAL, NORTHWEST ETHIOPIA: UNMATCHED CASE- CONTROL STUDY. Georgian Med News 2023:133-139. [PMID: 38325312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Preterm birth is described as babies that are born alive before the end of 37 weeks of pregnancy. About 15 million babies are born preterm annually and more than a million died due to complications. In developing nations, like Ethiopia, PTB is underreported and underestimated. Objective - to identify determinates of preterm birth among mothers who gave birth at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Unmatched case-control study design was conducted. The total sample size was 558 mothers 140 cases and 418 controls. Simple random sampling was used to select the study population. Data were coded and entered into Epidata, version 3.2, and was analyzed by using STATA version 14. Mothers with a history of antepartum hemorrhage (AOR 3.53, 95% CI 1.31-9.47), premature rupture of membrane (AOR 8.9, 95% CI 4.51-17.57), pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR 3.65, 95% CI 1.78-7.51), history of multiple pregnancies (AOR 2.49, 95% CI 0.89-6.95), primigravida (AOR 0.16, 95% CI 0.03-0.97) and Primiparity(AOR 0.054, 95% CI 0.05-0.64) had statistically significant association with experiencing preterm birth. The odds of giving preterm birth were higher among women with antepartum hemorrhage, PIH, PROM, and multiple pregnancies, but lower among primigravida and primiparous mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Feleke
- 1Department of Public Health, Collage of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Ethiopia
| | - A Mengsit
- 2Department of Public Health, Collage of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Ethiopia
| | - A Kassa
- 3Department of Public Health, Collage of Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Ethiopia
| | - M Dagne
- 4Department of Nursing, Collage of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Ethiopia
| | - T Getinet
- 2Department of Public Health, Collage of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Ethiopia
| | - N Kebede
- 5School of Medicine, Collage of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Ethiopia
| | - M Guade
- 1Department of Public Health, Collage of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Ethiopia
| | - M Awoke
- 4Department of Nursing, Collage of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Ethiopia
| | - G Mulugeta
- 1Department of Public Health, Collage of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Ethiopia
| | - Z Seyoum
- 5School of Medicine, Collage of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Ethiopia
| | - N Amare
- 5School of Medicine, Collage of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Ethiopia
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Criado MF, Kassa A, Bertran K, Kwon JH, Sá E Silva M, Killmaster L, Ross TM, Mebatsion T, Swayne DE. Efficacy of multivalent recombinant herpesvirus of turkey vaccines against high pathogenicity avian influenza, infectious bursal disease, and Newcastle disease viruses. Vaccine 2023; 41:2893-2904. [PMID: 37012117 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are an essential tool for the control of viral infections in domestic animals. We generated recombinant vector herpesvirus of turkeys (vHVT) vaccines expressing computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) H5 of avian influenza virus (AIV) alone (vHVT-AI) or in combination with virus protein 2 (VP2) of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) (vHVT-IBD-AI) or fusion (F) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) (vHVT-ND-AI). In vaccinated chickens, all three vHVT vaccines provided 90-100% clinical protection against three divergent clades of high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs), and significantly decreased number of birds and oral viral shedding titers at 2 days post-challenge compared to shams. Four weeks after vaccination, most vaccinated birds had H5 hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers, which significantly increased post-challenge. The vHVT-IBD-AI and vHVT-ND-AI vaccines provided 100% clinical protection against IBDVs and NDV, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that multivalent HVT vector vaccines were efficacious for simultaneous control of HPAIV and other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miria F Criado
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center (USNPRC), Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA; Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 166 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Aemro Kassa
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., 1730 Olympic Drive, Athens, GA 30601, USA.
| | - Kateri Bertran
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jung-Hoon Kwon
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center (USNPRC), Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mariana Sá E Silva
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., 1730 Olympic Drive, Athens, GA 30601, USA.
| | - Lindsay Killmaster
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center (USNPRC), Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Teshome Mebatsion
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., 1730 Olympic Drive, Athens, GA 30601, USA.
| | - David E Swayne
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center (USNPRC), Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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Tesema E, Wares F, Bedru A, Negeri C, Molla Y, Gemechu D, Kassa A, Tsegaye F, Taye L. Experiences of introducing new drugs for drug-resistant TB at the ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017-2019. Public Health Action 2021; 11:50-52. [PMID: 34159060 DOI: 10.5588/pha.20.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) remains a major public health concern. DR-TB patient data from ALERT (All Africa Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Centre) Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, who received bedaquiline (BDQ) and/or delamanid (DLM) containing regimens were analysed. RESULTS From 2017 to 2019, 51 DR-TB patients were enrolled. Of 33 patients, 31 (93.9%) had culture converted at 6 months. Of those with final outcomes, 77% (n = 10) were cured. Thirty (58.8%) developed adverse events, the most frequent of which were gastrointestinal disorders (70%), haematological disorders (16.7%) and QTc prolongation (16.7%). Twenty patients discontinued the offending drug permanently. CONCLUSION With close monitoring, introduction of new DR-TB regimens brought good early results, which encouraged wider programmatic implementation in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tesema
- Challenge TB/KNCV TB Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - F Wares
- Challenge TB/KNCV TB Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - A Bedru
- Challenge TB/KNCV TB Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - C Negeri
- Challenge TB/KNCV TB Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Y Molla
- Challenge TB/KNCV TB Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - D Gemechu
- Challenge TB/MSH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - A Kassa
- ABT Associates, Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - F Tsegaye
- ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - L Taye
- National TB Programme, Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Bertran K, Kassa A, Criado MF, Nuñez IA, Lee DH, Killmaster L, Sá E Silva M, Ross TM, Mebatsion T, Pritchard N, Swayne DE. Efficacy of recombinant Marek's disease virus vectored vaccines with computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) hemagglutinin insert against genetically diverse H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Vaccine 2021; 39:1933-1942. [PMID: 33715903 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The genetic and antigenic drift associated with the high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of Goose/Guangdong (Gs/GD) lineage and the emergence of vaccine-resistant field viruses underscores the need for a broadly protective H5 influenza A vaccine. Here, we tested experimental vector herpesvirus of turkey (vHVT)-H5 vaccines containing either wild-type clade 2.3.4.4A-derived H5 inserts or computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) inserts with challenge by homologous and genetically divergent H5 HPAI Gs/GD lineage viruses in chickens. Direct assessment of protection was confirmed for all the tested constructs, which provided clinical protection against the homologous and heterologous H5 HPAI Gs/GD challenge viruses and significantly decreased oropharyngeal shedding titers compared to the sham vaccine. The cross reactivity was assessed by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and focus reduction assay against a panel of phylogenetically and antigenically diverse H5 strains. The COBRA-derived H5 inserts elicited antibody responses against antigenically diverse strains, while the wild-type-derived H5 vaccines elicited protection mostly against close antigenically related clades 2.3.4.4A and 2.3.4.4D viruses. In conclusion, the HVT vector, a widely used replicating vaccine platform in poultry, with H5 insert provides clinical protection and significant reduction of viral shedding against homologous and heterologous challenge. In addition, the COBRA-derived inserts have the potential to be used against antigenically distinct co-circulating viruses and future drift variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateri Bertran
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - Aemro Kassa
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc, 1730 Olympic Drive, Athens, GA 30601, USA.
| | - Miria F Criado
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - Ivette A Nuñez
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pathobiology & Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Lindsay Killmaster
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - Mariana Sá E Silva
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc, 1730 Olympic Drive, Athens, GA 30601, USA.
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Teshome Mebatsion
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc, 1730 Olympic Drive, Athens, GA 30601, USA.
| | - Nikki Pritchard
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc, 1112 Airport Parkway, Gainesville, GA 30503, USA.
| | - David E Swayne
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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Ketema L, Dememew ZG, Assefa D, Gudina T, Kassa A, Letta T, Ayele B, Tadesse Y, Tegegn B, Datiko DG, Negeri C, Bedru A, Klinkenberg E. Evaluating the integration of tuberculosis screening and contact investigation in tuberculosis clinics in Ethiopia: A mixed method study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241977. [PMID: 33211710 PMCID: PMC7676707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aligned with global childhood tuberculosis (TB) road map, Ethiopia developed its own in 2015. The key strategies outlined in the Ethiopian roadmap are incorporating TB screening in Integrated Maternal, Neonatal and Child Illnesses (IMNCI) clinic for children under five years (U5) and intensifying contact investigations at TB clinic. However, these strategies have never been evaluated. Objective To evaluate the integration of tuberculosis (TB) screening and contact investigation into Integrated Maternal, Neonatal and Child Illnesses (IMNCI) and TB clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods The study used mixed methods with stepped-wedge design where 30 randomly selected health care facilities were randomized into three groups of 10 during August 2016-November 2017. The integration of TB screening into IMNCI clinic and contact investigation in TB clinic were introduced by a three-day childhood TB training for health providers. An in-depth interview was used to explore the challenges of the interventions and supplemented data on TB screening and contact investigation. Results Overall, 180896 children attended 30 IMNCI clinics and145444 (80.4%) were screened for TB. A total of 688 (0.4%) children had presumptive TB and 47(0.03%) had TB. During the pre-intervention period, 51873 of the 85278 children (60.8%) were screened for TB as compared to 93570 of the 95618 children (97.9%) in the intervention (p<0.001). This had resulted in 149 (0.30%) and 539 (0.6%) presumptive TB cases in pre-intervention and intervention periods (p<0.001), respectively. Also, nine TB cases (6.0%) in pre-intervention and 38 (7.1%) after intervention were identified (p = 0.72). In TB clinics, 559 under-five (U5) contacts were identified and 419 (80.1%) were screened. In all, 51(9.1%) presumed TB cases and 12 (2.1%) active TB cases were identified from the traced contacts. TB screening was done for 182 of the 275 traced contacts (66.2%) before intervention and for 237 of the 284 of the traced (83.5%) under intervention (p<0.001). Isoniazid prevention therapy (IPT) was initiated for 69 of 163 eligible contacts (42.3%) before intervention and for 159 of 194 eligible children (82.0%) under intervention (p<0.001). Over 95% of health providers indicated that the integration of TB screening into IMNCI and contact investigation in TB clinic is acceptable and practical. Gastric aspiration to collect sputum using nasogastric tube was reported to be difficult. Conclusions Integrating TB screening into IMNCI clinics and intensifying contact investigation in TB clinics is feasible improving TB screening, presumed TB cases, TB cases, contact screening and IPT coverage during the intervention period. Stool specimen could be non-invasive to address the challenge of sputum collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Ketema
- KNVC Tuberculosis Foundation/Management Sciences for Health USAID/Challenge TB Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Z. G. Dememew
- KNVC Tuberculosis Foundation/Management Sciences for Health USAID/Challenge TB Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - D. Assefa
- KNVC Tuberculosis Foundation/Management Sciences for Health USAID/Challenge TB Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - T. Gudina
- Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia, National TB Program and Child Health Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - A. Kassa
- Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia, National TB Program and Child Health Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - T. Letta
- Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia, National TB Program and Child Health Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - B. Ayele
- Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia, National TB Program and Child Health Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Y. Tadesse
- Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia, National TB Program and Child Health Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - B. Tegegn
- Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - D. G. Datiko
- KNVC Tuberculosis Foundation/Management Sciences for Health USAID/Challenge TB Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - C. Negeri
- KNVC Tuberculosis Foundation/Management Sciences for Health USAID/Challenge TB Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - A. Bedru
- KNVC Tuberculosis Foundation/Management Sciences for Health USAID/Challenge TB Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - E. Klinkenberg
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands
- Department of Global Health and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Lapen K, Sabol C, Lynch K, Kassa A, Kantor J, Cha E, Braunstein L, Cahlon O, Sandler K, McCloskey S, Khan A, Gillespie E. Implementation of a Remote Tracking System for Acute Toxicities Using Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients Treated with Radiation for Breast Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tesema E, Wares F, Bedru A, Negeri C, Molla Y, Kassa A, Ayele B, Siraj H, Tsegaye F. Hear this! Audiometry testing saves the hearing of a patient with drug-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 23:378-379. [PMID: 30871670 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Tesema
- Challenge TB/KNCV TB Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - F Wares
- Challenge TB/KNCV TB Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - A Bedru
- Challenge TB/KNCV TB Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - C Negeri
- Challenge TB/KNCV TB Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Y Molla
- Challenge TB/KNCV TB Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - A Kassa
- Abt Associates, Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa
| | - B Ayele
- National TB Programme, Addis Ababa
| | - H Siraj
- Challenge TB/KNCV TB Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - F Tsegaye
- ALERT (All Africa Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Centre), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Emawayish Tesema, Challenge TB/KNCV TB Foundation, ALERT, P O Box 165, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., ,
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Dey AK, Kassa A, Nandi A, Sun Y, Labranche C, Hartog K, Montefiori D, Carfi A, Srivastava I, Barnett SW. Rationally designed HIV envelope glycoproteins delivered in a novel adjuvant elicited more broadly reactive antigen-specific antibody responses. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441868 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kurkura K, Aynalem Z, Bheemalingeswara K, Kinfe A, Solomon G, Kassa A. Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization of Clay and Lacustrine Deposits of Lake Ashenge Basin, Northern Ethiopia: Implication for Industrial Applications. mejs 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/mejs.v4i2.80120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Haim H, Strack B, Kassa A, Madani N, Wang L, Courter JR, Princiotto A, McGee K, Pacheco B, Seaman MS, Smith AB, Sodroski J. Contribution of intrinsic reactivity of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins to CD4-independent infection and global inhibitor sensitivity. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002101. [PMID: 21731494 PMCID: PMC3121797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) enters cells following sequential activation of the high-potential-energy viral envelope glycoprotein trimer by target cell CD4 and coreceptor. HIV-1 variants differ in their requirements for CD4; viruses that can infect coreceptor-expressing cells that lack CD4 have been generated in the laboratory. These CD4-independent HIV-1 variants are sensitive to neutralization by multiple antibodies that recognize different envelope glycoprotein epitopes. The mechanisms underlying CD4 independence, global sensitivity to neutralization and the association between them are still unclear. By studying HIV-1 variants that differ in requirements for CD4, we investigated the contribution of CD4 binding to virus entry. CD4 engagement exposes the coreceptor-binding site and increases the "intrinsic reactivity" of the envelope glycoproteins; intrinsic reactivity describes the propensity of the envelope glycoproteins to negotiate transitions to lower-energy states upon stimulation. Coreceptor-binding site exposure and increased intrinsic reactivity promote formation/exposure of the HR1 coiled coil on the gp41 transmembrane glycoprotein and allow virus entry upon coreceptor binding. Intrinsic reactivity also dictates the global sensitivity of HIV-1 to perturbations such as exposure to cold and the binding of antibodies and small molecules. Accordingly, CD4 independence of HIV-1 was accompanied by increased susceptibility to inactivation by these factors. We investigated the role of intrinsic reactivity in determining the sensitivity of primary HIV-1 isolates to inhibition. Relative to the more common neutralization-resistant ("Tier 2-like") viruses, globally sensitive ("Tier 1") viruses exhibited increased intrinsic reactivity, i.e., were inactivated more efficiently by cold exposure or by a given level of antibody binding to the envelope glycoprotein trimer. Virus sensitivity to neutralization was dictated both by the efficiency of inhibitor/antibody binding to the envelope glycoprotein trimer and by envelope glycoprotein reactivity to the inhibitor/antibody binding event. Quantitative differences in intrinsic reactivity contribute to HIV-1 strain variability in global susceptibility to neutralization and explain the long-observed relationship between increased inhibitor sensitivity and decreased entry requirements for target cell CD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillel Haim
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bettina Strack
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aemro Kassa
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Navid Madani
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joel R. Courter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amy Princiotto
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kathleen McGee
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Beatriz Pacheco
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Seaman
- Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, Unites States of America
- * E-mail:
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Schellinger JG, Danan-Leon LM, Hoch JA, Kassa A, Srivastava I, Davis D, Gervay-Hague J. Synthesis of a trimeric gp120 epitope mimic conjugated to a T-helper peptide to improve antigenicity. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3230-3. [PMID: 21341746 DOI: 10.1021/ja1083915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A fully synthetic trivalent mimotope of gp120 conjugated to pan allelic HLA DR binding epitope was prepared using solid-phase peptide synthesis and optimized copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The methodology efficiently provides chemically uniform heteromultimeric peptide constructs with enhanced binding, avidity, and specificity toward an established HIV-neutralizing human antibody, MAb b12. The versatile synthetic strategy serves as a powerful platform for the development of synthetic peptides as potential HIV-1 vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan G Schellinger
- Chemistry Department, Campus Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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12
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Kassa A, Ojeda M, Pellicer A, Garcia-Velasco J, Garrido N, Munoz E. Do endometriomas affect the oocyte quality and embryo cleavage? Fertil Steril 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Finzi A, Xiang SH, Pacheco B, Wang L, Haight J, Kassa A, Danek B, Pancera M, Kwong PD, Sodroski J. Topological layers in the HIV-1 gp120 inner domain regulate gp41 interaction and CD4-triggered conformational transitions. Mol Cell 2010; 37:656-67. [PMID: 20227370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) into cells is initiated by binding of the gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein to the receptor, CD4. How does CD4 binding trigger conformational changes in gp120 that allow the gp41 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein to mediate viral-cell membrane fusion? The transition from the unliganded to the CD4-bound state is regulated by two potentially flexible topological layers (layers 1 and 2) in the gp120 inner domain. Both layers apparently contribute to the noncovalent association of unliganded gp120 with gp41. After CD4 makes initial contact with the gp120 outer domain, layer 1-layer 2 interactions strengthen gp120-CD4 binding by reducing the off rate. Layer 1-layer 2 interactions also destabilize the activated state induced on HIV-1 by treatment with soluble CD4. Thus, despite lack of contact with CD4, the gp120 inner-domain layers govern CD4 triggering by participating in conformational transitions within gp120 and regulating the interaction with gp41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Finzi
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Haim H, Si Z, Madani N, Wang L, Courter JR, Princiotto A, Kassa A, DeGrace M, McGee-Estrada K, Mefford M, Gabuzda D, Smith AB, Sodroski J. Soluble CD4 and CD4-mimetic compounds inhibit HIV-1 infection by induction of a short-lived activated state. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000360. [PMID: 19343205 PMCID: PMC2655723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding to the CD4 receptor induces conformational changes in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein. These changes allow gp120 to bind the coreceptor, either CCR5 or CXCR4, and prime the gp41 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein to mediate virus–cell membrane fusion and virus entry. Soluble forms of CD4 (sCD4) and small-molecule CD4 mimics (here exemplified by JRC-II-191) also induce these conformational changes in the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins, but typically inhibit HIV-1 entry into CD4-expressing cells. To investigate the mechanism of inhibition, we monitored at high temporal resolution inhibitor-induced changes in the conformation and functional competence of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins that immediately follow engagement of the soluble CD4 mimics. Both sCD4 and JRC-II-191 efficiently activated the envelope glycoproteins to mediate infection of cells lacking CD4, in a manner dependent on coreceptor affinity and density. This activated state, however, was transient and was followed by spontaneous and apparently irreversible changes of conformation and by loss of functional competence. The longevity of the activated intermediate depended on temperature and the particular HIV-1 strain, but was indistinguishable for sCD4 and JRC-II-191; by contrast, the activated intermediate induced by cell-surface CD4 was relatively long-lived. The inactivating effects of these activation-based inhibitors predominantly affected cell-free virus, whereas virus that was prebound to the target cell surface was mainly activated, infecting the cells even at high concentrations of the CD4 analogue. These results demonstrate the ability of soluble CD4 mimics to inactivate HIV-1 by prematurely triggering active but transient intermediate states of the envelope glycoproteins. This novel strategy for inhibition may be generally applicable to high–potential-energy viral entry machines that are normally activated by receptor binding. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the cause of the global AIDS epidemic. HIV-1 gains entry into its target cells by fusing with the cell membrane, a process that begins with the interaction of the viral envelope glycoproteins with cell-surface receptors. HIV-1 uses two receptors on the target cell: CD4 and CCR5/CXCR4. Binding of the virus to the primary receptor, CD4, primes the viral envelope glycoproteins to mediate the fusion of the viral membrane and the membrane of the target cell. Soluble forms of the CD4 receptor and small molecules that mimic the effects of CD4 can inhibit virus infection; however, how this inhibition occurs is still unknown. In this report, we show that soluble mimics of CD4 inhibit HIV-1 infection by prematurely triggering the viral envelope glycoproteins. The unstable activated state of the virus lasts only a few minutes, after which the virus loses the ability to infect cells. This novel strategy for inhibition may be generally applicable to other viruses besides HIV-1, some of which are also activated by binding to their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillel Haim
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhihai Si
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Navid Madani
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joel R. Courter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amy Princiotto
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aemro Kassa
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marciella DeGrace
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kathleen McGee-Estrada
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Megan Mefford
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dana Gabuzda
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yang X, Mahony E, Holm GH, Kassa A, Sodroski J. Role of the gp120 inner domain beta-sandwich in the interaction between the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein subunits. Virology 2003; 313:117-25. [PMID: 12951026 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The inner domain of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) gp120 glycoprotein has been proposed to mediate the noncovalent interaction with the gp41 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein. We used mutagenesis to investigate the functional importance of a conserved beta-sandwich located within the gp120 inner domain. Changes in aliphatic residues lining a hydrophobic groove on the surface of the beta-sandwich decreased the association of the gp120 and gp41 glycoproteins. Other changes in the base of the hydrophobic groove resulted in envelope glycoproteins that were structurally intact and able to bind receptors, but were inefficient in mediating either syncytium formation or virus entry. These results support a model in which the beta-sandwich in the gp120 inner domain contributes to gp120-gp41 contacts, thereby maintaining the integrity of the envelope glycoprotein complex and allowing adjustments in the gp120-gp41 interaction required for membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhen Yang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
The distribution of retinal blood vessels in the eye of buffalo was studied macroscopically and microscopically in twenty-two eyes of healthy animals. After macroscopic observation, 12 of 22 eyes were used for histological study. Ten eyes were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and two eyes with PAS stain. The present findings revealed that the eye of the buffalo was characterized by the complex network of retinal blood vessels (holangiotic or euangiotic). The central retinal artery and vein pierced the eye through the optic disc and gave off several branches. There were four pairs of primary vessels that were named dorsal, ventral, nasal and temporal retinal arteries and veins. The veins anastmosed with each other at the optic disc to form a somewhat circle. Three patterns of the distribution of blood vessels were described. The distribution of the arteries and veins was the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kassa
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University-Benha Branch, Moshtohor, Kaluobyia, Egypt
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Matteelli A, Kassa A, Gerbase A, Farina C, Ghidinelli M, Chatel G, Beltrame A, Feleke W, Carosi G. Passive sentinel surveillance system for sexually transmitted diseases in primary healthcare sites in Ethiopia, 1991-3. Sex Transm Infect 2000; 76:131-3. [PMID: 10858716 PMCID: PMC1758299 DOI: 10.1136/sti.76.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1989 the ministry of health of Ethiopia launched an STD control programme to strengthen the STD case management capabilities at public health centres and hospitals. The programme included the introduction of a syndrome based system for notification of STD cases. We here report the data originated by the syndromic case reporting system under programme conditions. METHODS 35 (17%) of the total 225 hospitals and public health centres of Ethiopia were included in the programme. Information relevant to the years 1991 to 1993 was analysed at mid 1994. RESULTS 32 clinical sites (91% of the total) provided at least one monthly report. The proportion of monthly reports received was 65% of those due, ranging from 51% in 1991 to 73% in 1992 and 42% in 1993. A total of 77,294 consultations for STD related symptoms were recorded, including 70,200 new cases, 6588 repeated consultations, and 506 partners of STD patients. Among first attendant patients 38,459 (52.7%) were males with a male to female ratio of 1:1. Urethral discharge and vaginal discharge were the leading cause of consultation among males (58%) and females (64%) respectively. The frequency of genital ulcer diseases was 26% among males and 15% among females. Inguinal adenopathy in the absence of genital ulcers was also frequent, accounting for 10% of consulting males and 5% of females. Based on Gram stain, gonorrhoea was identified in 64% of the cases of urethral discharge, while trichomoniasis and candidiasis were identified by wet mount in 28% and 16% of the cases of vaginal discharge respectively. CONCLUSIONS STDs are a common cause of consultation at public health centre sites in Ethiopia. A syndromic case reporting system proved to be efficient and produced valuable information to initiate assessment of the problem and to set up bases for monitoring trends of STD morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matteelli
- Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, Italy.
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Kassa A, Handrick W, Spencker FB. [Pneumococcal cellulitis]. Kinderarztl Prax 1992; 60:285-7. [PMID: 1289647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae as a cause of cellulitis is rarely reported in children and adults. We report on an infant with facial cellulitis due to pneumococci and review already described cases since 1975. The main features of this infection, underlying diseases and problems of diagnostics and therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kassa
- Kinderklinik des Bereiches Medizin der Universität Leipzig
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