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Gender Distribution Associated With the Journal Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. Wilderness Environ Med 2022; 33:267-274. [PMID: 35753901 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Publication and peer review are fundamental to career advancement in science and academic medicine. Studies demonstrate that women are underrepresented in science publishing. We evaluated the gender distribution of contributors to Wilderness & Environmental Medicine (WEM) from 2010 through 2019. METHODS We extracted author data from ScienceDirect, reviewer data from the WEM Editorial Manager database, and editorial board data from journal records. Gender (female and male) was classified using automated probability-based assessment with Genderize.io software. RESULTS A total of 2297 unique authors were published over the 10-y span, generating 3613 authorships, of which gender was classified for 96% (n=3480). Women represented 26% (n=572) of all authors, which breaks down to 22% of all, 19% of first, 28% of second, and 18% of last authorships. Women represented 20% of peer reviewers (508/2517), 20% of reviewers-in-training (19/72), and 16% of editorial board members (7/45). The proportion of female authors, first authors, and reviewers increased over time. Women received fewer invitations per reviewer than men (mean 2.1 [95% CI 2.0-2.3] vs 2.4 [95% CI 2.3-2.5]; P=0.004), accepted reviews at similar rates (mean 73 vs 71%; P=0.214), and returned reviews 1.4 d later (mean 10.4 [CI 9.5-11.3] vs 9.0 d [95% CI 8.5-9.6]; P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS While female representation increased over the study period, women comprise a minority of WEM authors, peer reviewers, and editorial board members. Gender equity could be improved by identifying and eliminating barriers to participation, addressing any potential bias in review processes, implementing strategies to increase female-authored submissions, and increasing mentorship and training.
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Gender Equity in Membership, Leadership, and Award Recognition in the Wilderness Medical Society. Wilderness Environ Med 2022; 33:275-283. [PMID: 35753902 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite near gender parity for women entering medical careers, women remain underrepresented in medical societies. This study evaluated the gender distribution associated with Wilderness Medical Society (WMS) activities. METHODS A retrospective review was performed on the gender breakdown of the following WMS members: a single-day 2020 snapshot, conference attendees 2012 through 2020, conference presenters from winter 2017 through winter 2021, and leadership and awards data from 1984 through 2021. Genderize.io was used to generate probability-based gender categorizations (male/female) based on first names or pronoun associations. RESULTS Gender was assigned in 91% (4043/4461) of 2020 WMS members, 92% (6179/6720) of 2012-2020 conference attendees, and 100% of remaining categories. Women represented 28% (1143/4043) of members, 27% (1679/6179) of conference attendees, 31% (143/465) of all conference presenters, 20% (62/303) of mainstage presenters, 23% (17/75) of all board members, 38% (14/37) of committee chairs, and 10% (2/20) of board presidents. Women received 18% (42/228) of recognition awards and 31% (15/48) of research grants issued. CONCLUSIONS Although women comprise a minority of WMS participants, gender distribution was similar across categories for membership, conference presenters, total board positions, and research grant awards. Relative underrepresentation was seen in the highest leadership levels, in recognition awards, and in mainstage presenters. Ongoing auditing may help to identify and address sources of bias and/or barriers to participation. Although it is only one of many components of equity, identifying successes and future opportunities for gender balance can strengthen the base of the WMS, promote growth, and ensure a strong leadership pipeline.
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Abstract
Prior studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, and magnetoencephalography have observed both structured patterns in resting-state functional connectivity and spontaneous longitudinal variation in connectivity patterns independent of a task. In this first study using electrocorticography (ECoG), we characterized spontaneous, intersession variation in resting-state functional connectivity not linked to a task. We evaluated pairwise connectivity between electrodes using three measures (phase locking value [PLV], amplitude correlation, and coherence) for six canonical frequency bands, capturing different characteristics of time-evolving signals. We grouped electrodes into 10 functional regions and used intraclass correlation (ICC) to estimate pairwise longitudinal stability. We found that stronger PLV (PLV ≥0.4) in theta through gamma bands and strong correlation in all bands (R2's ≥0.6) are linked to substantial stability (ICC ≥0.6), but that stability does not imply strong phase locking or amplitude correlation. There was no notable link between strong coherence and high ICC. All within-region PLVs are markedly stable across frequencies. In addition, we highlight interaction patterns across several regions: parahippocampal/entorhinal cortex is characterized by stable, weak functional connectivity except self-connections. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex connectivity is weak and unstable, except self-connections. Inferior parietal lobule has little stability despite narrow connectivity bounds. We confirm prior studies linking functional connectivity strength and intersession variability, extending into higher frequencies than other modalities, with greater spatial specificity than scalp electrophysiology. We suggest further studies quantitatively compare ECoG to other modalities and/or use these findings as a baseline to capture functional connectivity and dynamics linked to perturbations with a task or disease state.
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Clinicopathological correlations in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Brain 2017; 140:3329-3345. [PMID: 29053860 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately predicting the underlying neuropathological diagnosis in patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) poses a daunting challenge for clinicians but will be critical for the success of disease-modifying therapies. We sought to improve pathological prediction by exploring clinicopathological correlations in a large bvFTD cohort. Among 438 patients in whom bvFTD was either the top or an alternative possible clinical diagnosis, 117 had available autopsy data, including 98 with a primary pathological diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), 15 with Alzheimer's disease, and four with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who lacked neurodegenerative disease-related pathology outside of the motor system. Patients with FTLD were distributed between FTLD-tau (34 patients: 10 corticobasal degeneration, nine progressive supranuclear palsy, eight Pick's disease, three frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism associated with chromosome 17, three unclassifiable tauopathy, and one argyrophilic grain disease); FTLD-TDP (55 patients: nine type A including one with motor neuron disease, 27 type B including 21 with motor neuron disease, eight type C with right temporal lobe presentations, and 11 unclassifiable including eight with motor neuron disease), FTLD-FUS (eight patients), and one patient with FTLD-ubiquitin proteasome system positive inclusions (FTLD-UPS) that stained negatively for tau, TDP-43, and FUS. Alzheimer's disease was uncommon (6%) among patients whose only top diagnosis during follow-up was bvFTD. Seventy-nine per cent of FTLD-tau, 86% of FTLD-TDP, and 88% of FTLD-FUS met at least 'possible' bvFTD diagnostic criteria at first presentation. The frequency of the six core bvFTD diagnostic features was similar in FTLD-tau and FTLD-TDP, suggesting that these features alone cannot be used to separate patients by major molecular class. Voxel-based morphometry revealed that nearly all pathological subgroups and even individual patients share atrophy in anterior cingulate, frontoinsula, striatum, and amygdala, indicating that degeneration of these regions is intimately linked to the behavioural syndrome produced by these diverse aetiologies. In addition to these unifying features, symptom profiles also differed among pathological subtypes, suggesting distinct anatomical vulnerabilities and informing a clinician's prediction of pathological diagnosis. Data-driven classification into one of the 10 most common pathological diagnoses was most accurate (up to 60.2%) when using a combination of known predictive factors (genetic mutations, motor features, or striking atrophy patterns) and the results of a discriminant function analysis that incorporated clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological data.
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Network degeneration and dysfunction in presymptomatic C9ORF72 expansion carriers. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 14:286-297. [PMID: 28337409 PMCID: PMC5349617 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9ORF72 are the most common known genetic cause of familial and sporadic frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Previous work has shown that patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia due to C9ORF72 show salience and sensorimotor network disruptions comparable to those seen in sporadic behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, but it remains unknown how early in the lifespan these and other changes in brain structure and function arise. To gain insights into this question, we compared 15 presymptomatic carriers (age 43.7 ± 10.2 years, nine females) to matched healthy controls. We used voxel-based morphometry to assess gray matter, diffusion tensor imaging to interrogate white matter tracts, and task-free functional MRI to probe the salience, sensorimotor, default mode, and medial pulvinar thalamus-seeded networks. We further used a retrospective chart review to ascertain psychiatric histories in carriers and their non-carrier family members. Carriers showed normal cognition and behavior despite gray matter volume and brain connectivity deficits that were apparent as early as the fourth decade of life. Gray matter volume deficits were topographically similar though less severe than those in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia due to C9ORF72, with major foci in cingulate, insula, thalamus, and striatum. Reduced white matter integrity was found in the corpus callosum, cingulum bundles, corticospinal tracts, uncinate fasciculi and inferior longitudinal fasciculi. Intrinsic connectivity deficits were detected in all four networks but most prominent in salience and medial pulvinar thalamus-seeded networks. Carrier and control groups showed comparable relationships between imaging metrics and age, suggesting that deficits emerge during early adulthood. Carriers and non-carrier family members had comparable lifetime histories of psychiatric symptoms. Taken together, the findings suggest that presymptomatic C9ORF72 expansion carriers exhibit functionally compensated brain volume and connectivity deficits that are similar, though less severe, to those reported during the symptomatic phase. The early adulthood emergence of these deficits suggests that they represent aberrant network patterning during development, an early neurodegeneration prodrome, or both. Presymptomatic C9ORF72 expansion carriers have brain connectivity deficits. These deficits may be a developmental lesion rather than early neurodegeneration. Non-carriers and presymptomatic carriers share psychiatric symptomatology.
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Key Words
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating scale
- DMN, default mode network
- Diffusion tensor imaging
- FA, fractional anisotropy
- FTD, frontotemporal dementia
- FWE, familywise error
- Frontotemporal dementia
- Functional MRI
- Genetics
- HC, healthy control
- ICN, intrinsic connectivity network
- IRI, Interpersonal Reactivity Index
- MMSE, Mini-Mental State Exam
- MND, motor neuron disease
- NPI, Neuropsychiatric Inventory
- ROI, region of interest
- SMN, sensorimotor network
- TIV, total intracranial volume
- VBM, voxel-based morphometry
- bvFTD, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
- fMRI, functional MRI
- preSxC9, presymptomatic C9ORF72 expansion carriers
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Tales from the grave: Opposing autopsy reports from a body exhumed. J Forensic Leg Med 2012; 19:297-301. [PMID: 22687773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report an autopsy case of a 42-year-old woman who, when discovered, had been dead in her apartment for approximately 1 week under circumstances involving treachery, assault and possible drug overdose. This case is unique as it involved two autopsies of the deceased by two different medical examiners who reached opposing conclusions. The first autopsy was performed about 10 days after death. The second autopsy was performed after an exhumation approximately 2 years after burial. Evidence collected at the crime scene included blood samples from which DNA was extracted and analysed, fingerprints and clothing containing dried body fluids. The conclusion of the first autopsy was accidental death due to cocaine toxicity; the conclusion of the second autopsy was death due to homicide given the totality of evidence. Suspects 1 and 2 were linked to the death of the victim by physical evidence and suspect 3 was linked by testimony. Suspect 1 received life in prison, and suspects 2 and 3 received 45 and 20 years in prison, respectively. This case indicates that cocaine toxicity is difficult to determine in putrefied tissue and that exhumations can be important in collecting forensic information. It further reveals that the combined findings of medical examiners, even though contradictory, are useful in determining the circumstances leading to death in criminal justice. Thus, this report demonstrates that such criminal circumstances require comparative forensic review and, in such cases, scientific conclusions can be difficult.
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Pumping of water with ac electric fields applied to asymmetric pairs of microelectrodes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 63:016305. [PMID: 11304351 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.016305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2000] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Bulk fluid flow induced by an ac electric potential with a peak voltage below the ionization potential of water is described. The potential is applied to an ionic solution with a planar array of electrodes arranged in pairs so that one edge of a large electrode is close to an opposing narrow electrode. During half the cycle, the double layer on the surface of the electrodes charges as current flows between the electrodes. The electrodes charge in a nonuniform manner producing a gradient in potential parallel to the surface of the electrodes. This gradient drives the ions in the double layer across the surface of the electrode and this in turn drags the fluid across the electrode surface. The anisotropic nature of the pairs of electrodes is used to produce a net flow of fluid. The flow produced is approximately uniform at a distance from the electrodes that is greater than the periodicity of the electrode array. The potential and frequency dependence of this flow is reported and compared to a simple model. This method of producing fluid flow differs from electrical and thermal traveling-wave techniques as only a low voltage is required and the electrode construction is much simpler.
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A novel genetic pathway for sudden cardiac death via defects in the transition between ventricular and conduction system cell lineages. Cell 2000; 102:671-82. [PMID: 11007485 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
HF-1 b, an SP1 -related transcription factor, is preferentially expressed in the cardiac conduction system and ventricular myocytes in the heart. Mice deficient for HF-1 b survive to term and exhibit normal cardiac structure and function but display sudden cardiac death and a complete penetrance of conduction system defects, including spontaneous ventricular tachycardia and a high incidence of AV block. Continuous electrocardiographic recordings clearly documented cardiac arrhythmogenesis as the cause of death. Single-cell analysis revealed an anatomic substrate for arrhythmogenesis, including a decrease and mislocalization of connexins and a marked increase in action potential heterogeneity. Two independent markers reveal defects in the formation of ventricular Purkinje fibers. These studies identify a novel genetic pathway for sudden cardiac death via defects in the transition between ventricular and conduction system cell lineages.
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Monodisperse colloidal plates under shear. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 62:851-862. [PMID: 11088543 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/1999] [Revised: 12/06/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The structure of a dispersion of monodispersed, plate-shaped colloidal particles has been investigated under shear. The dispersion displays a columnar phase when at rest, and if subjected to shear at low rates (0.1-1 s(-1)), this structure aligns with the axis of the columns in the flow direction. At low shear rates, the plates within these columns are tilted, with their normals in the compressional quadrant, at 20 degrees to the flow direction in the flow-gradient plane. At high shear rates ( approximately 100 s(-1)), the dispersion forms a different structure that consists of layers of particles with their plate normals in the gradient direction. The transition between these two shear-induced "phases" is described. Evidence is presented that suggests that at intermediate shear rates there is coexistence between the two phases, implying that there is a shear-induced "phase separation." As the shear rate is further increased evidence for shear-induced disorder is found. All the shear-induced structures that have been observed relax back to the equilibrium columnar phase over a period of a few hours. At rest after shear at low rates (0.1-1 s(-1)), the amount of orientational order present in the aligned columnar phase increases, while there is no measurable positional rearrangement. After shear at high rates (67-1000 s(-1)), the layer phase relaxes into a columnar phase. The structure changes via an intermediate state consisting of planes of particles normal to the vorticity direction. The positional rearrangement occurs at the expense of the orientational order, which increases again after the positional rearrangement is complete. The final orientation of the columnar phase is such that the direction of alignment of the plates does not change upon relaxation.
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Fabricating colloidal particles with photolithography and their interactions at an air-water interface. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 2000; 62:951-960. [PMID: 11088552 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A technique for fabricating nonspherical colloidal particles using photolithography has been developed. The particles are plate shaped and their profile within the plane of the plate is defined by a lithography mask and so can be any form desired. The thickness of the particles can also be controlled by varying the amount of material in the particle, and also by using the stresses induced during the evaporation of materials to distort the particles out of the plane. The particle-particle interactions can be tailored and made anisotropic by coating different faces of the particles with different chemicals or by making them of different materials. This technique is used to produce curved disks that are hydrophobic on their convex face and hydrophilic on their concave face. These particles are studied at an air-water interface, where the majority lie with their hydrophobic face uppermost. The curvature of the particles distorts the water surface in a manner that can be described by a series expansion. The symmetry of this function is used to explain the interactions of the particles and the resulting ordered flocculated structures observed. Such anisotropic forces in two dimensions have not been studied previously on a colloidal length scale to our knowledge and extend the field of control of particles at interfaces.
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The Bridge Program evaluation process. THE ABNF JOURNAL : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF BLACK NURSING FACULTY IN HIGHER EDUCATION, INC 1997; 8:20-3. [PMID: 9095722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Bridge Program was designed to enrich the undergraduate nursing experience of students from underrepresented groups at three schools of nursing in the Baltimore area. An evaluation of the Program was conducted in the Spring of 1996 using data from a variety of sources. Data were collected using student, faculty and mentor surveys, and student interviews. The evaluation demonstrated that students were enthusiastic about the Bridge Program despite the heavy work load. Students identified the connection with the faculty mentor as the Program's greatest benefit. Faculty and mentors generally viewed the Program as satisfactory. The strengths of the Program as seen by faculty and mentors were in the areas of students' personal and professional growth, faculty-student relationships, learning resources, and preparation for graduate study.
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Inverted conversions: reading the Bible and writing the lesbian subject in Oranges are not the only fruit. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 1997; 33:233-252. [PMID: 9378940 DOI: 10.1300/j082v33n03_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The prominence of the Bible as intertext in Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit, both a coming-of-age and a coming-out story, has puzzled readers. This paper argues that Winterson's articulation of a lesbian subject is actually inseparable from her revisionary engagement of the Bible. By repeatedly turning and re-turning several types of narrative about the origins of identity and story-making. Winterson reconstructs both some biblical texts and a hallmark of the gay and lesbian literary tradition as precursors for the prophetic voice of the main character.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether mRNA for thyroid hormone receptors alpha and beta is present in human granulosa cells in nonstimulated ovaries. DESIGN Paraffin-embedded sections of ovaries from normally cycling women were analyzed by in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes for thyroid hormone receptors alpha and beta. The sense strand oligonucleotide was used as a control for each of the probes. RESULTS Granulosa cells from the preovulatory antral follicles examined showed positive staining for both the thyroid hormone receptor alpha and beta probes. Positive staining of ovarian stromal cells also was observed for both probes. CONCLUSION Thyroid hormone receptor mRNAs are expressed in both granulosa cells and ovarian stromal cells found in nonstimulated ovaries. It is, therefore, conceivable that thyroid hormone may play a direct role in human ovarian physiology.
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A novel, tissue-restricted zinc finger protein (HF-1b) binds to the cardiac regulatory element (HF-1b/MEF-2) in the rat myosin light-chain 2 gene. Mol Cell Biol 1993; 13:4432-44. [PMID: 8321243 PMCID: PMC360013 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.13.7.4432-4444.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The AT-rich element MEF-2 plays an important role in the maintenance of the muscle-specific expression of a number of cardiac and skeletal muscle genes. In the MLC-2 gene, an AT-rich element (HF-1b) which contains a consensus MEF-2 site is required for cardiac tissue-specific expression. The present study reports the isolation and characterization of a cDNA which encodes a novel C2H2 zinc finger (HF-1b) that binds in a sequence-specific manner to the HF-1b/MEF-2 site in the MLC-2 promoter. A number of independent criteria suggest that this HF-1b zinc finger protein is a component of the endogenous HF-1b/MEF-2 binding activity in cardiac muscle cells and that it can serve as a transcriptional activator of the MLC-2 promoter in transient assays. These studies suggest that, in addition to the previously reported RSRF proteins, structurally divergent transcriptional factors can bind to MEF-2-like sites in muscle promoters. These results underscore the complexity of the regulation of the muscle gene program via these AT-rich elements in cardiac and skeletal muscle.
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Abstract
PC12 cells possess specific receptors for both nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor, and by an unknown mechanism, nerve growth factor is able to attenuate the propagation of a mitogenic response to epidermal growth factor. The differentiation response of PC12 cells to nerve growth factor, therefore, predominates over the proliferative response to epidermal growth factor. We have observed that the addition of nerve growth factor to PC12 cells rapidly produces a decrease in surface 125I-epidermal growth factor binding capacity. Unlike previously described nerve growth factor effects on 125I-epidermal growth factor binding capacity, which required several days of nerve growth factor exposure, the decreases we report occur within minutes of nerve growth factor addition: A 50% decrease in 125I-epidermal growth factor binding capacity is evident at 10 min. This rapid nerve growth factor response is concentration dependent; inhibition of 125I-epidermal growth factor binding is detectable at nerve growth factor levels as low as 0.2 ng/ml and is maximal at approximately 50 ng/ml, consistent with known ranges of biological activity. No demonstrable differences in the rate of epidermal growth factor receptor synthesis or degradation were observed in cells acutely exposed to nerve growth factor. Scatchard analysis revealed that acute nerve growth factor treatment decreased the number of both high- and low-affinity 125I-epidermal growth factor binding sites, while the receptor affinity remained unchanged. We have also investigated the involvement of various potential intracellular mediators of nerve growth factor action and of known intracellular modulatory systems of the epidermal growth factor receptor for their capacity to participate in this nerve growth factor activity.
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Pneumococcal septicemia and meningitis in an infant with Hb S/D-Los Angeles disease: a failure of neonatal hemoglobinopathy screening. Hemoglobin 1991; 15:119-23. [PMID: 1717404 DOI: 10.3109/03630269109072492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Activation of a membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol kinase through tyrosine-protein phosphorylation by naphthoquinones and orthovanadate. Arch Biochem Biophys 1990; 283:184-92. [PMID: 1700668 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(90)90629-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that several naphthoquinones stimulated tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation in isolated rat liver membranes. Our more recent study demonstrated a similar effect by orthovanadate, which concomitantly stimulated phosphorylation of protein-tyrosine and phosphatidylinositol (Ptd-Ins). Results presented here show a simultaneous increase in PtdIns phosphorylation along with stimulation of tyrosine-protein phosphorylation by naphthoquinones. This PtdIns kinase resembles the type I PtdIns kinase in that it was insensitive to adenosine inhibition. The product, nevertheless, comigrated with a PtdIns-4-phosphate standard in TLC using three different solvent systems. Stimulation of PtdIns phosphorylation by vanadate or naphthoquinones could be achieved in the following preparations: intact rat liver membranes, Triton X-100-solubilized membranes, solubilized membranes partially purified by Sephacryl chromatography, solubilized membranes purified by wheat germ agglutinin chromatography. The naphthoquinone or vanadate-activated PtdIns kinase activity could be isolated by antiphosphotyrosine antibody-agarose affinity chromatography. The relative potencies of a series of ring-substituted naphthoquinones in the stimulation of tyrosine-protein phosphorylation, PtdIns kinase activity, dithiothreitol-dependent oxygen consumption, and cytochrome c reduction were highly correlated. We conclude that oxidant(s) produced by redox cycling of naphthoquinones stimulated an adenosine-insensitive PtdIns kinase through tyrosine phosphorylation of the enzyme.
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Abstract
Maximal weight-lifting performance, isometric strength, isokinetic torque, whole muscle and individual fiber cross-sectional areas, and muscle evoked contractile properties were assessed in 14 elderly males before and after 12 wk of weight-lifting training. Dynamic elbow flexion training of one arm resulted in a significant 48% mean increase in the maximal load that could be lifted once (1 RM) and a smaller improvement in isokinetic torque (8.8%) but no change in isometric strength. In the contralateral control arm, 1 RM and isokinetic torque increased by 12.7 and 6.5%, respectively, but isometric strength did not change. The interpolated twitch technique confirmed complete motor unit activation during a maximal isometric contraction of the elbow flexors before and after the training. Bilateral leg press training effected mean increases of 17 and 23% in isokinetic torque and dynamic lifting capacity, respectively. The mean maximal cross-sectional area of the elbow flexors (biceps brachii and brachialis) increased by 17.4% in the trained arm but did not change the control arm. The increase in the mean area of type II fibers in the biceps brachii muscle in the trained arm (30.2%) was greater than the corresponding change in the control arm (10.7%, P less than 0.05). The most significant change in the evoked contractile properties of the trained elbow flexors was the increase in twitch half-relaxation time. It is concluded that older individuals retain the potential for significant increases in strength performance and upper limb muscle hypertrophy in response to overload training.
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Feedback regulation of phospholipase C-beta by protein kinase C. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:17941-5. [PMID: 2211670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of a variety of cells and tissues with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC) results in the inhibition of receptor-coupled inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC) activity. To determine whether or not the targets of TPA-activated PKC include one or more isozymes of PLC, studies were carried out with PC12, C6Bu1, and NIH 3T3 cells, which contain at least three PLC isozymes, PLC-beta, PLC-gamma, and PLC-delta. Treatment of the cells with TPA stimulated the phosphorylation of serine residues in PLC-beta, but the phosphorylation state of PLC-gamma and PLC-delta was not changed significantly. Phosphorylation of bovine brain PLC-beta by PKC in vitro resulted in a stoichiometric incorporation of phosphate at serine 887, without any concomitant effect on PLC-beta activity. We propose, therefore, that rather than having a direct effect on enzyme activity, the phosphorylation of PLC-beta by PKC may alter its interaction with a putative guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein and thereby prevent its activation.
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Stimulation of tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation by orthovanadate in rat liver plasma membrane. Arch Biochem Biophys 1989; 274:659-62. [PMID: 2802635 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(89)90481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Orthovanadate stimulated the incorporation of 32P from [gamma-32P]ATP by Triton X-100-solubilized rat liver plasma membrane into endogenous, trichloroacetic acid-precipitable materials as well as added (Glu4:Tyr1) copolymers. Extraction of incubation mixture with chloroform-methanol-HCl revealed that the increase in 32P incorporation by vanadate was predominantly into endogenous phospholipids. [32P]Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns-4-P) was identified by thin-layer chromatography as the major phosphorylated product of vanadate stimulation, which also resulted in elevated 32P, predominantly in P-Tyr in endogenous membrane proteins. Vanadate effects on protein tyrosine and phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation were concomitant and exhibited similar sensitivity. These effects of vanadate were enhanced by the presence of either dithiothreitol or NAD(P)H. Phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation could also be stimulated by a substrate of and inhibited by a synthetic inhibitory copolymer of tyrosine kinase. These results suggest that vanadate, an oxygen radical producer, stimulates a tyrosine kinase-PtdIns kinase coupled system much like those described for a number of growth factors and oncogene encoded products.
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Abstract
The effects of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) were studied in superfused rat posterior pituitary gland. ANF (10(-6)M, 10(-10)M) significantly inhibited basal as well as KC1 (50 mM) or angiotensin II-stimulated immunoreactive arginine vasopressin secretion. The magnitude of inhibition was greater at 10(-6)M than at 10(-10)M. ANF also decreased cAMP secretion and increased cGMP secretion from the posterior pituitary. These results suggest that ANF directly acts on the posterior pituitary to inhibit arginine vasopressin secretion and that this effect is, at least, partly mediated by the changes in cyclic nucleotide production.
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The Meharry Way: Program of Guided Studies: RN to BSN*. J Contin Educ Nurs 1980; 11:15-24. [PMID: 6901735 DOI: 10.3928/0022-0124-19800701-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A progress report: the Michigan community health services study. MICHIGAN MEDICINE 1968; 67:616-20. [PMID: 5648588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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An unsaturated phosphonic acid analogue of phosphatidylethanolamine and its activity in blood-clotting systems. Lipids 1968; 3:234-8. [PMID: 17805862 DOI: 10.1007/bf02531193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/1967] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An unsaturated phosphonolipid analogous to phosphatidylethanolamine,rac-dioleoylglyceryl(2-aminoethyl)phosphonate, was synthesized by a general method introduced by Baer for similar saturated substances. An improvement was made in the preparation of the phthalimidoethyl-phosphonic acid precursor.The phosphonolipid was purified by DEAE cellulose and silicic acid chromatography. It was tested by comparison with synthetic phosphatidyl (dioleoyl) ethanolamine and phosphatidyl(dilinoleoyl) ethanolamine in the Hicks-Pitney test and in a test for prothrombin conversion by using purified blood coagulation factors. In both tests it had more acceleratory activity than the synthetic phosphatidylethanolamines.
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Derivatives of 1-hydroxybenzimidazoles and 1-hydroxyindoles and their central depressant effects. J Med Chem 1967; 10:211-4. [PMID: 4962806 DOI: 10.1021/jm00314a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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An unusual complication of intrauterine transfusion. CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 1966; 94:1274-1277. [PMID: 20328567 PMCID: PMC1936683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Influence of Environmental Temperature on Survival of Premature Animals. CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 1961; 84:491-493. [PMID: 20326653 PMCID: PMC1939309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Cortisone and Antibiotic Therapy in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 1957; 77:967. [PMID: 20325585 PMCID: PMC1824204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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COALESCENCE OF PARTS OF A COMPLEX. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1930; 16:401-6. [PMID: 16587590 PMCID: PMC526659 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.16.6.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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