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Semerdjieva I, Zheljazkov VD, Dincheva I, Radoukova T, Astatkie T, Maneva V, Atanasova D, Fidan H, Stankov S, Stoyanova A. Chemical profile of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. essential oil within and between populations and its weed seed suppression effect. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294126. [PMID: 38330006 PMCID: PMC10852245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to (1) establish the intrapopulation and seasonal variation of Juniperus excelsа essential oil (EO); (2) compare the J. excelsa concrete and resinoid composition with its EO composition; and (3) investigate the potential herbicidal activity of J. excelsa EO against seeds of Papaver rhoeas L., Consolida orientalis (J.Gay) Schrödinger, Anthemis arvensis L., Avena fatua L., and Agrostemma githago L. Four independent studies were performed to meet these objectives. Twenty-eight individual trees were analyzed from two populations to establish intrapopulation and interpopulation variability of EOs yield and composition. In the seasonal dynamic study of leaf EO, samples from the same three trees and in the same population were collected in January, March, May, July, October, and December and their EO yield and composition determined. The EOs (intrapopulation and seasonal) were extracted by hydrodistillation, while the EO for the herbicidal test was obtained by steam distillation in a semi-commercial (SCom) apparatus. Overall, the EO yield varied significantly from 0.93% to 2.57%. α-Pinene (8.85-35.94%), limonene (11.81-50.08%), and cedrol (3.41-34.29%) were the predominant EO compounds in all samples (intrapopulation variability); however, trans-2,4-decadienol and β-caryophyllene were predominant in some individual trees. Four chemical groups were identified in the samples collected from two natural populations (intrapopulation). This is the first report on the compositions of J. excelsa concrete and resinoid. Cedrol (15.39%), 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-coumarin (17.63%), 1-octacosanol (36.85%), tritriacontane (16.08%), and tiacontanoic acid were the main compounds in the concrete and resinoid. Juniperus excelsa EO suppressed seed germination and seedling growth of P. rhoeas, C. orientalis, A. arvensis, A. fatua, and A. githago, demonstrating its potential to be used for the development of new biopesticides. The highest EO yield with high content of limonene and cedrol was obtained from samples harvested during the winter months (December, January, and March).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, Mendeleev, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Plant Genetic Research Group, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tzenka Radoukova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Canada
| | - Vasilina Maneva
- Plant Protection and Technology Department, Institute of Agriculture, Karnobat, Agricultural Academy, Karnobat, Bulgaria
| | - Dina Atanasova
- Plant Protection and Technology Department, Institute of Agriculture, Karnobat, Agricultural Academy, Karnobat, Bulgaria
| | - Hafize Fidan
- Department of Tourism and Culinary Management, Faculty of Economics, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stanko Stankov
- Department of Tourism and Culinary Management, Faculty of Economics, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Technology of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, Maritza, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Zheljazkov VD, Semerdjieva IB, Borisova D, Yankova-Tsvetkova E, Koleva-Valkova LH, Petrova G, Dincheva I, Stevens F, Wu W, Astatkie T, Ivanova T, Stoyanova A, Dzhurmanski A. Phytochemical and biological investigations on Centranthus kellereri (Stoj., Stef. & T. Georgiev) Stoj. & Stef. and C. ruber (L.) DC. and their potential as new medicinal and ornamental plants. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293877. [PMID: 37934763 PMCID: PMC10629660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Centranthus kellereri is a Bulgarian endemic plant species, found only in two locations in the world: The Balkans Mountains (Stara Planina), above the town of Vratsa, and The Pirin Mountains, above the town of Bansko, Bulgaria. Being endemic and endangered species precluded any significant research on it. The hypothesis of this study was that the populations of C. kellereri may represent genetically, phytochemically, and morphologically distinct forms and these will differentiate from C. ruber. Furthermore, C. kellereri possibly imperfect embryology may preclude its more widespread distribution under natural conditions. RESULTS This study revealed the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, embryology, surface microstructural morphological traits, and genetic differences between the C. kellereri plants from the only two natural populations and compares them to the ones of the related and better-known plant C. ruber. The essential oil (EO) content in aboveground plant parts and in roots was generally low and the EO composition varied significantly as a function of plant part, year of sampling, location, and species. Methylvaleric acid was a major EO constituent in the C. kellereri EO, ranging between 60.2% and 71.7% of the total EO. The EO included monoterpenes, sequiterpenes, long-chain alkanes and fatty acids. Phytochemical analyses of plant tissue revealed the occurrence of 32 compounds that were tentatively identified as 6 simple phenolics, 18 flavonoids, 1 quinone, 1 lipid, 1 alkaloid, 2 diterpenes, and 3 triterpenes. There were differences in detected compounds between the C. kellereri plants at the two locations and between the roots and shoots in both species. The total phenols and flavonoids varied between the two species but were also dissimilar between the plants from the two populations of C. kelleri. Free radical scavenging activity, measured with ABTS and DPPH in aqueous and methanol extracts, had similar values; however, overall, C. kellereri from Vratsa showed the highest antioxidant activity while C. ruber had the lowest activity. Genetic analyses showed a clear differentiation between C. kellereri and C. ruber, and between the two populations of C. kellereri. Embryological studies revealed the peculiarities of the male and female generative spheres of the two species that were defined as being sexually reproducing. The pollen had high viability; however, the low viability of seeds demonstrated possible high sensitivity of C. kellereri to the environmental conditions, perhaps the main factor modifying and restricting the population sizes. The SEM analyses exposed differences in surface microstructural traits between the species (C. kellereri and C. ruber) but also between the two populations of C. kellereri. The observed dissimilarities in genetic makeup, micromorphological characteristics, and phytochemical composition strongly indicate that the two populations can be classified as distinct subspecies or varieties of C. kellereri; var. pirinensis and var. balkanensis. Further research is needed to introduce C. kellereri into culture and develop it as a high-value specialty crop or ornamental in order to conserve C. kellereri natural populations. C. kellereri may be utilized as a source for phytochemicals of interest and as an ornamental plant like C. ruber; however, it may have a greater environmental plasticity and adaptation as evidenced by its current locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Ivanka B. Semerdjieva
- Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity, Division of Flora and Vegetation, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Borisova
- Administration of Vrachanski Balkan Nature Park, Executive Forest Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry, Vratsa, Bulgaria
| | - Elina Yankova-Tsvetkova
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity, Division of Flora and Vegetation, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubka H. Koleva-Valkova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Galya Petrova
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity, Division of Flora and Vegetation, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Department of Agrobiotechnologies, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Fred Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Linus Pauling Institute, Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Linus Pauling Institute, Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Tanya Ivanova
- Department of Technology of Fats, Essential Oils, Perfumery and Cosmetics, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, Perfumery and Cosmetics, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Dushkova M, Dimov M, Lazarov L, Pencheva M, Kostova I, Damyanova S, Menkov N, Stoyanova A, Ercisli S, Assouguem A, Alina Marc R, Ayvaz Sonmez D, Ullah R, Bari A. Physical, chemical, sorption and microbiological characteristics of fennel fruits. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19127. [PMID: 37674851 PMCID: PMC10477444 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fennel (Foeniculum officinale Mill. var. dulce Mill) is an annual aromatic plant of the Lamiaceae family. Its fruits are processed to obtain essential oil for use in the food industry and cosmetics. The physical parameters of the fruits, i.e. length (5.50-8.00 mm), width (1.50-2.00 mm), volume of 100 fruits (1.36 × 10-6 m3), density of 100 fruits (935.82 kg/m3), average volume of one fruit (1.36 × 10-8 m3), average equivalent diameter of one fruit (2.96 mm), angle of repose, stainless steel (from 16 to 22°), angle of repose, black steel (from 19 to 28°), angle of repose, plywood (from 18 to 24°), and their chemical parameters, i.e. moisture (13.49%), ash (6.49%), protein (18.25%), essential oil (8.38%), vegetable oil (10.52%), and total carbohydrates (51.04%) were determined for the fruits. The adsorption and desorption isotherms of the fennel fruits were obtained using the static gravimetric method at two temperatures, 20 and 40 °C. The Halsey model provided a good description of the sorption isotherms, which were of type II according to Brunauer's classification. The increase in the temperature led to a significant decrease in the monolayer moisture. The contamination on the fruit surface at three relative humidities (0.43, 0.59, and 0.76) at 20 °C was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Dushkova
- Department of Process Engineering, University of Food Technologies, 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Milen Dimov
- Department Food Technology, Trakia University, 8600, Yambol, Bulgaria
| | - Lazar Lazarov
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Martina Pencheva
- Branch-Razgrad, Razgrad, University of Russe “Angel Kanchev”, Bulgaria
| | - Iliana Kostova
- Branch-Razgrad, Razgrad, University of Russe “Angel Kanchev”, Bulgaria
| | - Stanka Damyanova
- Branch-Razgrad, Razgrad, University of Russe “Angel Kanchev”, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Menkov
- Department of Process Engineering, University of Food Technologies, 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
- HGF Agro, Ata Teknokent, TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Amine Assouguem
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Street, Fez P.O. Box 2202, Morocco
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Technological Transfer Center “CTT-BioTech”, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Floreşti Street, No. 64, 400509, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mollova S, Dzhurmanski A, Fidan H, Bojilov D, Manolov S, Dincheva I, Stankov S, Stoyanova A, Ercisli S, Assouguem A, Marc RA, Ullah R, Bari A. Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Nepeta transcaucasica Grossh. and Nepeta cataria L. Cultivated in Bulgaria and Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity. ACS Omega 2023; 8:15441-15449. [PMID: 37151483 PMCID: PMC10157675 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The genus Nepeta, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, includes about 300 species, most of which are used in folk medicine due to their pronounced biological properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the agrobiological characteristics of Nepeta transcaucasica (N. transcaucasica) Grossh. and Nepeta cataria (N. cataria) L., cultivated in Bulgaria, and obtain their essential oils and determine their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The agrobiological characteristics of the two species growing in Kazanlak were analyzed; therefore, high variability in the population of N. transcaucasica and comparative homogeneity in N. cataria was shown. The species N. transcaucasica contained 0.28% essential oil with main components β-citronellol (52.05%), eucalyptol (7.34%), β-citronellal (6.06%), germacrene D (5.45%), (Z)-β-ocimene (5.14%), and β-caryophyllene (3.06%). The species N. cataria consisted of 0.19% essential oil with main components β-citronellol (26.31%), geraniol (15.92%), neral (11.45%), nerol (9.56%), carvacrol (6.04%), and β-citronellal (5.35%). The antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Abony was determined. The essential oils showed antimicrobial activity only against E. coli. The diameters of the inhibition zones were found to be 26 mm for the species N. transcaucasica and 10 mm for the species N. cataria. The antioxidant activity of the two essential oils was also determined by four different methods, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC, with the highest values for the ABTS radical, for the species N. transcaucasica (48.72 μM TE/mL), and the species N. cataria (310 μM TE/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviya Mollova
- Institute
of Roses, Essential and Medical Plants, Agricultural Academy, Kazanlak 6100, Bulgaria
| | - Anatoli Dzhurmanski
- Institute
of Roses, Essential and Medical Plants, Agricultural Academy, Kazanlak 6100, Bulgaria
| | - Hafize Fidan
- University
of Food Technologies, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Bojilov
- Paisii
Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Stanimir Manolov
- Paisii
Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Plant
Genetic Research Group, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department
of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
- HGF
Agro, Ata Teknokent, TR-25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Amine Assouguem
- Laboratory
of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Street, P.O. Box 2202, Fez 2202, Morocco
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food
Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Technological
Transfer Center “CTT-BioTech”, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Floreşti Street, No.
64, 400509 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh Province 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh Province 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Semerdjieva I, Zheljazkov VD, Dincheva I, Piperkova N, Maneva V, Cantrell CL, Astatkie T, Stoyanova A, Ivanova T. Essential Oil Composition of Seven Bulgarian Hypericum Species and Its Potential as a Biopesticide. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:923. [PMID: 36840272 PMCID: PMC9962312 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum species and especially H. perforatum L. are well known for their therapeutic applications. The present study assessed the essential oil (EO) composition, and antifungal and aphid suppression activity of seven Bulgarian Hypericum species. The EOs were analyzed by GC-MS-FID. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, H. perforatum, H. maculatum, and H. hirsutum were used. Additionally, the EO composition of H. perforatum extracted via hydrodistillation (ClevA) and via commercial steam distillation (Com) were compared. The second experiment compared the EOs of H. perforatum, H. cerastoides, H. rumeliacum, H. montbretii, and H. calycinum (flowers and leaves) extracted via hydrodistillation and collected with n-hexane. Overall, the EO constituents belonged to four classes, namely alkanes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and fatty acids. The main class for compounds in H. maculatum and H. perforatum (section Hypericum) were sesquiterpenes for both experiments except for H. perforatum (Com). Hypericum montbretii (section Drosocarpium) EO had monoterpenes (38.09%) and sesquiterpenes (37.09%) as major groups, while H. hirsutum EO (section Taeniocarpium) contained predominately alkanes (67.19%). Hypericum hirsutum EO contained cedrol (5.04%), found for the first time in Hypericum species. Fatty acids were the main compounds in H. cerastoides (section Campylopus), while monoterpenes were the most abundant class in H. rumeliacum and H. calycinum EOs. α-Pinene and germacrene D were the major EO constituents of all analyzed Hypericum species except for H. hirsutum and H. cerastoides. Hypericum perforatum EO (Com) had significant repellent and insecticidal activity against two aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi (Bird Cherry-oat aphid) and Sitobion avenae (English grain aphid) at concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5%, and 5%. The tested EOs did not show significant activity against selected economically important agricultural fungal pathogens Fusarium spp., Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum spp., Rhizoctonia solani, and Aspergillus sp. The EO of the Hypericum species found in the Bulgarian flora could be utilized for the development of new biopesticides for aphid control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1013 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Plant Genetic Research Group, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Neshka Piperkova
- Department of Phytopathology, Agricultural University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vasilina Maneva
- Plant Protection and Technology Department, Institute of Agriculture, Agricultural Academy, 8400 Karnobat, Bulgaria
| | - Charles L. Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Technology of Fats, Essential Oils, Perfumery and Cosmetics, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Ivanova
- Department of Technology of Fats, Essential Oils, Perfumery and Cosmetics, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Iliev I, Nedelchev V, Gandova V, Stoyanova A. Influence of vegetation on the composition of essential oil from (Melissa officinalis L.). BIO Web Conf 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20235801018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) is a perennial plant of the family Lamiaceae, which is used in folk medicine and the food industry, as well as being processed to obtain essential oil. The aim of the special work is to monitor the influence of vegetation on the composition of the essential oil. The chemical composition of essential oils, obtained by steam distillation from lemon balm cultivated in North-eastern Bulgaria, has been determined. The plants were harvested in two periods of vegetation - the first at the end of June and second - at the end of August 2020. The main components in the oil from the first cut are geranial (26.41%), neral (19.55%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (17.46%), germacrene D (7.86%) and β-citronellal (3.24%). In the oil from the second cut, the main components are geranial (37.26%), neral (28.46%), (E)-β- caryophyllene (6.65%), geraniol (4.72%), and β-citronellal (3.04%). The oil from the second harvest has a high content of the main components of geranial, neral and geraniol and a lower content of (E)-β- caryophyllene and germacrene D. Variations in the amounts are also present in other compounds.
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Lazarov A, Stankov S, Fidan H, Gandova V, Stoyanova A. Physicochemical parameters of food emulsion products with summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) essential oil. BIO Web Conf 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20235801019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) is a plant source of essential oil belonging to the Lamiaceae family, widely used in the food industry. The present work aims to determine the physicochemical parameters of food emulsions containing the essential oil. The summer savory essential oil with main components carvacrol (63.71%), γ-terpinene (20.47%), and p-cymene (5.08%) was used in this study. Several model variants of emulsions have been developed with varying amounts of emulsifier (2 and 3% soy protein isolate), oil phase (20 and 40% sunflower oil), and essential oil (0.2 and 0.4%). The following physicochemical parameters of the emulsion were determined: Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy. This parameter was used to determine the thermal effect of the system. The process was determined as exothermic with the negative enthalpy. Emulsions prepared with 2% soybean protein isolate, 40% oil phase, and 0.4% essential oil were characterized by some good results with high equilibrium constants and high Gibbs energies. Model variants of salad diet dressings had also been developed, with 0.2 and 0.3% essential oil, which were qualified by sensory analysis. The overall evaluation of salad dressings showed that the evaluators perceived with best sensory properties in those with 0.2% essential oil.
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Popova V, Ivanova T, Stoyanova M, Mazova N, Dimitrova-Dyulgerova I, Stoyanova A, Ercisli S, Assouguem A, Kara M, Topcu H, Farah A, Elossaily GM, Shahat AA, Shazly GA. Phytochemical analysis of leaves and stems of Physalis alkekengi L. (Solanaceae). OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Physalis alkekengi L. (Solanaceae) is encountered in different regions of Bulgaria as a wild growing or ornamental plant. The objective of this work was to characterize the phytochemical composition (macro and micro components) of the leaves and stems of two local phenotypes (PA-SB and PA-NB), with the view of revealing their use potential. The dry leaves contained (DW) protein (16.25 and 19.27%), cellulose (25.16 and 25.31%), and ash (18.28 and 16.16%) and the stems contained protein (6.83 and 7.35%), cellulose (39.34 and 38.25%), and ash (15.01 and 7.48%) for PA-SB and PA-NB, respectively. The dominant amino acids (by HPLC) in the leaves of both phenotypes were arginine (21.3–22.3 mg/g) and aspartic acid (8.8–18.4 mg/g), and those in the stems were proline and aspartic acid for PA-SB (8.8, 7.7 mg/g); isoleucine and tyrosine for PA-NB (12.8, 6.6 mg/g). Mineral elements, determined by AAS (K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cr), also varied between phenotypes and plant parts. The leaves alone were further processed by extraction with n-hexane, for the identification of leaf volatiles (by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). The analysis identified 28 components (97.99%) in the leaf extract of PA-SB and 32 components (97.50%) in that of PA-NB. The volatile profile of PA-SB leaves was dominated by diterpenes (49.96%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (35.61%), while that of PA-NB was dominated by oxygenated aliphatics (40.01%) and diterpenes (35.19%). To the best of our knowledge, the study provides the first data about the phytochemical composition of the leaves and stems of P. alkekengi from Bulgaria, in a direct comparison of phenotypes from two distinct wild populations, which could be of further scientific interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venelina Popova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies , 4002 Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Ivanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies , 4002 Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Stoyanova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, University of Food Technologies , 4002 Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Mazova
- Department of Engineering Ecology, University of Food Technologies , 4002 Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Dimitrova-Dyulgerova
- Department of Botany and Methods of Biology Teaching, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski” , 24 Tzar Assen Str ., 4000 Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies , 4002 Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University , 25240 Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Amine Assouguem
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University , Imouzzer Street , Fez P.O. Box 2202 , Morocco
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University , Imouzzer Street , Fez P.O. Box 2202 , Morocco
| | - Mohammed Kara
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Natural Resources (LBCVNR), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University , Fez 30000 , Morocco
| | - Hayat Topcu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Namik Kemal University , 59030 Tekirdag , Turkey
| | - Abdellah Farah
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University , Imouzzer Street , Fez P.O. Box 2202 , Morocco
| | - Gehan M. Elossaily
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University , P.O. Box 71666 , Riyadh 11597 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaaty A. Shahat
- Department of Pharmacognosy (Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , P.O. Box 2457 , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre , 33 EI-Bohouth st , Dokki , Giza 12622 , Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Shazly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , P.O. Box 2457 , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
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Popova V, Petkova Z, Mazova N, Ivanova T, Petkova N, Stoyanova M, Stoyanova A, Ercisli S, Okcu Z, Skrovankova S, Mlcek J. Chemical Composition Assessment of Structural Parts (Seeds, Peel, Pulp) of Physalis alkekengi L. Fruits. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185787. [PMID: 36144521 PMCID: PMC9501157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years there has been an extensive search for nature-based products with functional potential. All structural parts of Physalis alkekengi (bladder cherry), including fruits, pulp, and less-explored parts, such as seeds and peel, can be considered sources of functional macro- and micronutrients, bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietetic fiber. The chemical composition of all fruit structural parts (seeds, peel, and pulp) of two phenotypes of P. alkekengi were studied. The seeds were found to be a rich source of oil, yielding 14–17%, with abundant amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (over 88%) and tocopherols, or vitamin E (up to 5378 mg/kg dw; dry weight). The predominant fatty acid in the seed oils was linoleic acid, followed by oleic acid. The seeds contained most of the fruit’s protein (16–19% dw) and fiber (6–8% dw). The peel oil differed significantly from the seed oil in fatty acid and tocopherol composition. Seed cakes, the waste after oil extraction, contained arginine and aspartic acid as the main amino acids; valine, phenylalanine, threonine, and isoleucine were present in slightly higher amounts than the other essential amino acids. They were also rich in key minerals, such as K, Mg, Fe, and Zn. From the peel and pulp fractions were extracted fruit concretes, aromatic products with specific fragrance profiles, of which volatile compositions (GC-MS) were identified. The major volatiles in peel and pulp concretes were β-linalool, α-pinene, and γ-terpinene. The results from the investigation substantiated the potential of all the studied fruit structures as new sources of bioactive compounds that could be used as prospective sources in human and animal nutrition, while the aroma-active compounds in the concretes supported the plant’s potential in perfumery and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venelina Popova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zhana Petkova
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Mazova
- Department of Engineering Ecology, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Ivanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Petkova
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Stoyanova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Okcu
- Department of Gastronomy, Faculty of Tourism, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sona Skrovankova
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-57603-1524
| | - Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
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10
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Zhelev I, Petkova Z, Kostova I, Damyanova S, Stoyanova A, Dimitrova-Dyulgerova I, Antova G, Ercisli S, Assouguem A, Kara M, Almeer R, Sayed AA. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Fruits from Vitex agnus-castus L., Growing in Two Regions in Bulgaria. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:896. [PMID: 35406879 PMCID: PMC9002856 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae family) fruits, collected from two regions in Bulgaria (south-central and north-east Bulgaria), was investigated. The content of proteins (5.3-7.4%), carbohydrates (73.9-78.8%), fiber (47.2-49.9%), ash (2.5-3.0%), essential oils (0.5%), and vegetable oil (3.8-5.0%) were identified in the fruits. The composition of the essential oils (EOs) of Vitex fruits from both regions was determined; the main compounds were 1,8-cineole (16.9-18.8%), α-pinene (7.2-16.6%), sabinene (6.7-14.5%), and bicyclogermacrene (7.3-9.0%), but significant differences in the quantitative and qualitative composition of EOs between the regions were found. The EOs of plants from north-east Bulgaria demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic species Salmonella abony, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, but the Gram-negative bacteria Esсherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited resistance to the oil. Linoleic acid predominated in vegetable oil from both regions, followed by oleic acid. β-sitosterol and γ-tocopherol were the main components in the sterol and tocopherol fraction of the lipids. Phosphatidic acids were the main components in the vegetable oil from north-east Bulgaria, while in the vegetable oil from south-central Bulgaria, all phospholipids were found in almost the same quantity. Overall, significant differences were observed in the chemical composition (proteins, carbohydrates, ash and moisture) of the fruits from the two regions of Bulgaria, as well as in the content of the main components of their essential and vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliya Zhelev
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Zhana Petkova
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tsar Asen St., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (Z.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Iliana Kostova
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, “Angel Kanchev” University of Russe, Razgrad Branch, 7200 Razgrad, Bulgaria; (I.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Stanka Damyanova
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, “Angel Kanchev” University of Russe, Razgrad Branch, 7200 Razgrad, Bulgaria; (I.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | | | - Ginka Antova
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tsar Asen St., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (Z.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Amine Assouguem
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Street, Fez 30000, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Kara
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Natural Resources (LBCVNR), Faculty of Sciences, Dhar El Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, BP 1796 Atlas, Fez 30000, Morocco;
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amany A. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
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11
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Popova V, Ivanova T, Petkova Z, Stoyanova M, Stoyanova A, Mazova N, Panayotov N. Effect of maturity on the phytonutrient composition of Cape gooseberry seeds ( Physalis peruviana L.). BIO Web Conf 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224501014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The seeds of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) remain as a by-product from juice production, but they can also be a potential resource of valuable nutrients. The objective of this study was to analyze the phytonutrient composition of the seeds isolated from fruit at two maturity stages unsuitable for regular realization (unripe and under-ripe), with the aim of identifying the possibility for utilization of such non-standard or discarded agricultural production. The results showed about 3-time lower oil content in the unripe seeds than in the under-ripe seeds (6.60% vs. 21.75%), but no significant differences in the content of protein (18.44% and 17.83%) and cellulose (26.63% and 26.14%). The total tocopherol content slightly decreased with the progress of fruit maturity (from 8354 mg/kg to 7118 mg/kg). Significant changes in the amino acid composition were found only with regard to aspartic acid, glutamic acid, tyrosine and methionine. The content of macro and micro minerals was lower in the under-ripe seeds (about 1.5-2-time). The results from this baseline study suggested that the seeds from both unripe and under-ripe fruit could also be considered for nutritive purposes (animal feed, food products).
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Gandova V, Petrova I, Tasheva S, Stoyanova A. Dynamic viscosity, centrifugation test and kinetic investigation in emulsions with pumpkin oil. BIO Web Conf 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224501002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emulsion stability of different pumpkin O/W emulsions was investigated. Preparation of emulsions were performed with oil phase between 10 and 40 percent, water and soybean protein isolate. To determine emulsion properties different methods were used. Density, viscosity, centrifugation tests and spectroscopic measurements were performed for their investigations. The emulsions were stored for two weeks to determine their kinetic. Influence of the oil phase was presented and connected with the stability of them.
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Zheljazkov VD, Semerdjieva IB, Stevens JF, Wu W, Cantrell CL, Yankova-Tsvetkova E, Koleva-Valkova LH, Stoyanova A, Astatkie T. Phytochemical Investigation and Reproductive Capacity of the Bulgarian Endemic Plant Species Marrubium friwaldskyanum Boiss. (Lamiaceae). Plants (Basel) 2021; 11:114. [PMID: 35009117 PMCID: PMC8747201 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marrubium friwaldskyanum Boiss (Lamiaceae) is a Bulgarian endemic species. Overall, the essential oil (EO) composition of M. friwaldskyanum was different from that of the other Marrubium species reported in the literature. The main EO constituents of M. friwaldskyanum were (E)-caryophyllene, germacrene D, and caryophyllene oxide. The effect of the harvest stage was significant only on α-copaene, (E)-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, and τ-muurolol. The concentration of α-copaene (1.26-1.83% range of the total oil), (E)-caryophyllene (31-41%), caryophyllene oxide (6.4-11.8%), and τ-muurolol (1.3-2.8%) were the highest at 2-3 pair of leaves or before flowering and lower at flowering. The harvest stage did not significantly affect the concentrations of the other six identified EO compounds β-bourbonene (1.1%), α-humulene (2.8%), germacrene D (23.3%), bicyclogermacrene (2.85%), δ-cadinene (1.1%), and spathulenol (2.8%). In a separate experiment, grinding of the biomass prior to EO extraction had a significant effect only on the concentrations of D-limonene (0.24-3.3%) and bicyclogermacrene (3.6-9.1%). Grinding in water or without water, maceration, and addition of Tween®20 had rather small effects on the EO profile. The identified EO constituents and their mean concentrations in this experiment were (E)-caryophyllene (25.4%), germacrene D (17.6%), caryophyllene oxide (9.1%), spathulenol (6.5%), τ-muurolol (5.0%), carvacrol (3.9%), α-copaene (2.5%), β-bourbonene (2.5%), δ-cadinene (2.4%), α-humulene (1.8%), and Z-β-farnesene (1.3%). Embryological studies observed anther and the development of the male gametophyte and ovule and development of the female gametophyte of M. friwaldskyanum. Furthermore, pollen and seed viability assays were conducted, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis of an extract from shoots revealed the presence of 45 natural products, identified as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and (tri)terpenoids. Overall, the phytochemistry and some of the microscopic analyses distinguished this endemic species from other species in Marrubium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 3050 SW Campus Way, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Ivanka B. Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, Mendeleev 12, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Linus Pauling Institute, Linus Pauling Science Center 435, Oregon State University, SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (J.F.S.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Linus Pauling Institute, Linus Pauling Science Center 435, Oregon State University, SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (J.F.S.); (W.W.)
| | - Charles L. Cantrell
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Elina Yankova-Tsvetkova
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Lyubka H. Koleva-Valkova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Agricultural University, Mendeleev 12, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, Perfumery and Cosmetics, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
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14
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Andonova T, Muhovski Y, Fidan H, Slavov I, Stoyanova A, Dimitrova-Dyulgerova I. Chemical Compounds, Antitumor and Antimicrobial Activities of Dry Ethanol Extracts from Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10122715. [PMID: 34961185 PMCID: PMC8709055 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. is used in traditional medicine and has various established biological activities, however, the species is considered to be a potentially invasive alien tree species for Bulgarian flora. However, there is still much to be studied about the phytochemical and biological characteristics of the species. The present study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the ethanol extracts of aerial plant parts, by GC-MS analysis, and to thereby evaluate their in vitro antitumor and antibacterial properties. All three extracts were tested against the HT-29 and PC3 tumor cell lines using the MTT assay. Fifty-six components were identified from leaf, flower, and stem bark extracts, and over 10% were the following constituents: pyrogallol, α-terpinyl acetate, neryl acetate, and α-terpinyl isobutanoate. The oxygenated monoterpenes predominated in the extracts, followed by the oxygenated aliphatics and phenylpropanoids. Significant antiproliferative activity on the HT-29 cell line (IC50-21.44 µg/mL and 23.63 µg/mL, respectively) was found for the flower and leaf extracts. Antibacterial activity was established for the following bacteria strains: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus NCTC 10320, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 6027, and Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6380. The stem bark and flower extracts showed better antimicrobial potential. K. paniculata could be considered as a potential source of biologically active substances with antitumor and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Andonova
- Department of Botany and Methods of Biology Teaching, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.A.); (I.D.-D.)
| | - Yordan Muhovski
- Life Sciences Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Hafize Fidan
- Department of Tourism and Culinary Management, Faculty of Economics, University of Food Technologies, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Iliya Slavov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, Faculty of Technology, University of Food Technologies, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Ivanka Dimitrova-Dyulgerova
- Department of Botany and Methods of Biology Teaching, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.A.); (I.D.-D.)
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15
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Petkova N, Popova V, Ivanova T, Mazova N, Panayotov N, Stoyanova A. Nutritional composition of different cape gooseberry genotypes (Physalis peruviana L.) – a comparative study. Food Res 2021. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.5(4).123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a South American fruit with high nutrient
content, pleasant taste and antioxidant properties. However, its consumption in some
countries is underеvalued. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional
composition of two genotypes of Cape gooseberry fruit produced in Bulgaria (CG-F and
CG-P) and to compare it with imported Colombian fruits (CG-C). The samples were
assayed for size, diameter, moisture, ash, titratable acidity, pH, protein, lipid,
carbohydrate, natural pigments, and mineral content. Bulgarian genotypes were smaller in
size than the imported Colombian fruits. The protein content (2.54-1.88 g/100 g) was
relatively higher in the imported variety, compared with the locally produced fruit.
Carbohydrate content (10.23-14.13 g/100 g) slightly varied between the genotypes. The
sweetness of the fruit was due to the main detected sugars – sucrose, glucose and fructose.
CG-F and GC-C genotypes had similar sweetness indices, and fruit taste was evaluated as
sweet-sour. Pectin content did not exceed 1.85%; the cellulose content varied between
4.29% and 6.64%. Moreover, all investigated fruit had a low lipid content (below 1.00%).
The total chlorophyll and carotenoids levels were the highest in the local genotype CG-P
(3.62 and 22.36 µg/g). Potassium was the predominant macro-element in all genotypes;
there were numerical differences in the rest of the minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn),
while the heavy metals, Pb, Cd and Cr, were generally absent. Cape gooseberry fruit of
Bulgarian origin was evaluated as a low-calorie nutrient, compatible with the imported
Colombian fruit.
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16
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Popova V, Petkova Z, Ivanova T, Stoyanova M, Mazova N, Stoyanova A. Lipid composition of different parts of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruit and valorization of seed and peel waste. grasasaceites 2021. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.1256192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruit (CG), fresh or processed, is gaining popularity worldwide, due to its nutritional and medicinal benefits. This study was based on the analysis of the lipid fraction of different parts of CG fruit and on further valorization of the resulting CG waste. The content of glyceride oil in CG seeds, peels and seed/peel waste, as well as the individual fatty acid, sterol and tocopherol composition of the oils was determined. CG seeds and seed/peel waste were a rich source of oil (up to 22.93%), which is suitable for nutritional application, due to its high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids (up to 83.77%), sterols (campesterol, Δ5-аvenasterol, β-sitosterol) and tocopherols (β-, δ- and γ-tocopherols). Seed/peel waste and the extracted seed cakes contained macro- and microminerals (K, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) which are important for human and animal nutrition. Seed cakes had relatively high protein (24.32%) and cellulose (42.94%) contents, and an interesting amino acid profile. The results from the study contribute to a deeper understanding of the composition of CG fruit, and might be of practical relevance in the development of functional foods and feeds.
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Stefanova G, Girova T, Gochev V, Stoyanova M, Petkova Z, Stoyanova A, Zheljazkov VD. Comparative study on the chemical composition of laurel ( Laurus nobilis L.) leaves from Greece and Georgia and the antibacterial activity of their essential oil. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05491. [PMID: 33385077 PMCID: PMC7770545 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) is a plant species from Lauraceae family, and is native to the Mediterranean region. The goal of this study was to compare chemical composition of laurel leaves and antibacterial activity of its essential oil (EO) from wild-grown trees in Greece and Georgia. The laurel leaves from the two native habitats had dissimilar concentrations of phenolic acids. Of the conjugated flavonols and flavons, kaempferol (1981.3 μg/g) and apigenin (1433.6 μg/g) were the major representatives in the leaves from Greece, while luteolin (839.1 μg/g) and kaempferol (688.1 μg/g) were the major ones in the leaves from Georgia, respectively. The EO content was 1.42% and 4.54% in the leaves from Greece and Georgia, respectively. The main EO constituents of the Greek laurel plants were 1,8-cineole (30.8%), α-terpinyl acetate (14.9%), α-terpineol (8.0%), sabinene (7.9%), and terpinen-4-ol (6.0%). The main EO constituents of the Georgian laurel plants were 1,8-cineole (29.2%), α-terpinyl acetate (22.6%), sabinene (12.2%), and methyleugenol (8.1%). The EO antimicrobial activities against 20 microorganisms were determined. Among the Gram-positive bacteria, the Enterococcus faecalis strain was the most sensitive, followed by Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. Among the Candida species, C. albicans ATCC 10231 was the most sensitive to the laurel leaf EOs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanya Girova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and Department of Chemical Technology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 24 Tzar Asen St., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Velizar Gochev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and Department of Chemical Technology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 24 Tzar Asen St., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Stoyanova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oil Technology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zhana Petkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and Department of Chemical Technology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 24 Tzar Asen St., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oil Technology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Valtcho D Zheljazkov
- Oregon State University, Department of Crop and Soil Science, 109 Crop Science Building, 3050 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Stankov S, Fidan H, Petkova N, Stoyanova A, Dincheva I, Dogan H, Senkal B, Uskutoglu T, Bas H, Yilmaz G. Phytochemical composition of Нelichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench essential oil (aerial parts) from Turkey. Ukr food j 2020. [DOI: 10.24263/2304-974x-2020-9-3-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Stankov S, Fidan H, Petkova Z, Stoyanova M, Petkova N, Stoyanova A, Semerdjieva I, Radoukova T, Zheljazkov VD. Comparative Study on the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Grecian Juniper ( Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb) Unripe and Ripe Galbuli. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9091207. [PMID: 32942594 PMCID: PMC7570073 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Grecian juniper (Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb.) is an evergreen tree and a rare plant found in very few locations in southern Bulgaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical content and antioxidant potential of J. excelsa unripe and ripe galbuli from three different locations in Bulgaria. The essential oil content ranged between 1.9% and 5.1%, while the lipid fraction yield was between 4.5% and 9.1%. The content of total chlorophyll was 185.4-273.4 μg/g dw. The total carotenoid content ranged between 41.7 and 50.4 μg/g dw of ripe galbuli, and protein content was between 13.6% and 16.4%. Histidine (5.5 and 8.0 mg/g content range) and lysine (4.0 and 6.1 mg/g) were the major essential amino acids. The antioxidant potential of the 95% and 70% ethanol extracts was analyzed using four different methods. A positive correlation between the antioxidant potential and phenolic content of the galbuli was found. The results obtained in this study demonstrated the differences in phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of J. excelsa galbuli as a function of maturity stage and collection locality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanko Stankov
- Department of Nutrition and Tourism, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Hafize Fidan
- Department of Nutrition and Tourism, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Zhana Petkova
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tzar Asen, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Magdalena Stoyanova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physicochemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Nadezhda Petkova
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Technology of Fats, Essential Oils, Perfumery and Cosmetics, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Ivanka Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, 12 Mendleev12, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Tzenka Radoukova
- Department of Botany and Methods of Biology Teaching, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tzar Asen, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, 3050 SW Campus Way, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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20
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Popova V, Ivanova T, Stoyanova A, Nikolova V, Hristeva T, Zheljazkov VD. GC-MS Composition and Olfactory Profile of Concretes from the Flowers of Four Nicotiana Species. Molecules 2020; 25:E2617. [PMID: 32512824 PMCID: PMC7321308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Nicotiana (Solanaceae) includes over 70 species, with a long history of traditional use; many of them are nowadays used in bioengineering, biosynthesis, molecular biology, and other studies, while common tobacco, N. tabacum L., is one of the most economically important industrial crops worldwide. Although Nicotiana species have been extensively investigated, relatively less research has focused on flowers, especially research related to obtaining aromatic products for cosmetic and perfumery use. On the other hand, there is evidence that Nicotiana flowers accumulate various secondary metabolites with a distinct aroma and biological activities, and the flowers represent a biomass available in sufficient quantities. Therefore, this study aimed to determinate the chemical composition (by GC-MS) and the olfactory profiles of a specific type of natural aromatic product (concrete), obtained from the flowers of four Nicotiana species, in a direct comparison between them. The yields of extracted concrete were sufficiently high, varying between the species, 1.4% (N. rustica L.), 2.5% (N. glutinosa L.), 1.6% (N. alata Link&Otto genotype with white flowers), 2.7% (N. alata genotype with pink flowers), 3.2% (N. tabacum, Oriental type), and 5.2% (N. tabacum, Virginia type). The major components of the obtained concretes belonged to different chemical classes: N. rustica and N. tabacum (OR), the hydrocarbons n-tetratriacontane (14.5%; 15.0%) and n-triacontane (12.1%; 13.3%), and 3-methyl-pentanoic acid (11.1%; 12.2%); N. glutinosa, the diterpenes sclareol (25.9%), 3-α-hydroxy-manool (16.3%), and 13-epimanool (14.9%); N. alata (WF), the phenylpropanoid terephthalic acid and di(2-ethylhexyl) ester (42.9%); N. alata (PF), the diterpene tributyl acetylcitrate (30.7%); and N. tabacum (FCV), the hydrocarbons n-hexacosane (12.9%) and n-pentacosane (12.9%). Each of the flower concretes revealed a characteristic odor profile. This is the first report about Nicotiana species as a source for obtaining flower concretes; these initial results about the concrete yield, olfactory profile, and chemical composition are a prerequisite for the possible processing of Nicotiana flowers into new aromatic products for use in perfumery and cosmetics. The study provides new data in favor of the potential of the four Nicotiana species as aromatic plants, as well as a possible alternative use of flowers, a valuable, but discarded, plant material in other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venelina Popova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (T.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Tanya Ivanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (T.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (T.I.); (A.S.)
| | - Violeta Nikolova
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute–Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Tsveta Hristeva
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute–Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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21
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Ivanova M, Teneva O, Dushkova M, Vlaseva R, Stoyanova A. Effect of canola oil and natural antioxidant of basil on chemical and sensory properties of fresh cheese. Ukr food j 2020. [DOI: 10.24263/2304-974x-2020-9-2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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22
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Kostova I, Lasheva V, Fidan H, Georgieva D, Damyanova S, Stoyanova A. Effect of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) essential oil on paper packaging materials. Ukr food j 2020. [DOI: 10.24263/2304-974x-2020-9-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
The main objective of this mini-review was to synthesize recent data about the phytochemical composition, the nutritional properties, and the biological and pharmacological activities of a now cosmopolitan genus, Physalis (Solanaceae), being in the focus of intensive research over the last two decades. Six Physalis species with nutritional and pharmacological promise are considered in particular – P. peruviana L., P. philadelphica Lam., P. ixocarpa Brot. ex Horm., P. angulata L., P. pubescens L., and P. alkekengi L. Summarized contemporary data on the metabolite profile and the biological activities of Physalis species support their century-long use in traditional medicine and human nutrition. The fruit represent a rich source of minerals, vitamins, fibers, carotenoids, proteins, fructose, sucrose esters, pectins, flavonoids, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols and many other beneficial nutrients. Individual phytochemicals and complex fractions isolated from Physalis plants demonstrate various biological and pharmacological activities, the most promising of which include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, hepato-renoprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and others. Most of these activities are associated with the presence of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, physalins, withanolides, and other bioactive compounds. The accumulated data disclose the potential of Physalis spp. as highly functional foods, as profitable crops for many regions over the world, and as sources of valuable secondary metabolites for phytopharmacy, novel medicine and cosmetics. Information provided by this review is also important for a more intensive promotion of Physalis species in Bulgaria and for future studies on their composition and benefits.
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Fidan H, Stankov S, Petkova N, Petkova Z, Iliev A, Stoyanova M, Ivanova T, Zhelyazkov N, Ibrahim S, Stoyanova A, Ercisli S. Evaluation of chemical composition, antioxidant potential and functional properties of carob ( Ceratonia siliqua L.) seeds. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:2404-2413. [PMID: 32549590 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The interest in carob pod as an ingredient of functional foods is constantly increasing due to its beneficial health effect and functional properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of carob seeds, as well as the functional properties of its isolated galactomannan fraction. The lipid, protein, carbohydrate and phenolic composition were analysed. The obtained results demonstrated that the main detected fatty acids were oleic (45.0%), linoleic (32.4%), and palmitic (16.6%) acid. The primary tocopherol in the tested tocopherol fraction was γ-tocopherol (53.1%). It was established that β-sitosterol (74.2%) and stigmasterol (12.8%) predominated in the sterol fraction. Carob seed was characterized by high protein (25.7%) content, while mannose and galactose were the dominating monosaccharides. Moreover, the isolated galactomannan from carob seed demonstrated good swelling properties-30.1 ml per g sample and oil-holding capacity (27.9 g/g sample). The total polyphenolic and flavonoids content of carob seeds was 1.76 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight and 0.30 mg quercetin equivalents/g dry weight, respectively. The carob seeds showed the highest antioxidant potential by cupper reduction assay-15.71 mM Trolox® equivalent/g dry weight. The mineral composition was also defined as the macroelements Ca and Mg were the predominant minerals in the seed. The obtained results showed that carob seeds were a valuable source not only of phenolic compounds and antioxidants, but also of proteins, lipids, galactomannan with functional properties that could improve the nutritional value of foods in which are incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafize Fidan
- University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Zhana Petkova
- Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Angel Iliev
- Institude of Food Preservation and Quality, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | - Salam Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC USA
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Popova V, Ivanova T, Stoyanova A, Nikolova V, Hristeva T, Gochev V, Yonchev Y, Nikolov N, Zheljazkov VD. Terpenoids in the Essential Oil and Concentrated Aromatic Products Obtained from Nicotiana glutinosa L. Leaves. Molecules 2019; 25:E30. [PMID: 31861797 PMCID: PMC6983188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
N. glutinosa L. is a relatively less studied Nicotiana species (Solanaceae), although there are data about its importance as a model plant in viral control studies, as a gene donor in tobacco hybridization and as a source of agents with insecticidal or fungicidal effects. The biological activities of the species were associated mostly with the presence of leaf surface metabolites, in particular diterpenes and sucrose esters. The aim of this study was to identify the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) and two aromatic extraction products (concrete and resinoid) obtained from N. glutinosa L. leaves. GC-MS analysis identified 26 components in the EO (representing 97.3% of total oil content), which contained mostly diterpene compounds with major components manool (14.2%), sclarene (8.4%) and manoyl oxide (8.1%). The number of compounds identified in the concrete was 37 (95.5% of the total content) and the major component was the diterpene alcohol sclareol (14.2%). In the resinoid, 30 volatile components (representing 95.1% of resinoid content) were identified, with major components nicotine (32.9%), α-tocopherol (8.2%), tridecanoin (6.9%), sclareol (6.9%), and solanone (6.9%). The group of bicyclic diterpenes had the largest share in the diterpene fraction of the products (57.3%, 91.7%, and 86.3%, respectively for the EO, concrete, and resinoid). Considering the abundance of sclareol in the aromatic products, the antimicrobial activity of the pure substance was determined. Sclareol was highly effective against a set of medicinally important yeasts; Candida albicans АТСС 10231, C. glabrata ATCC 90030, C. parapsilosis clinical isolate, and C. tropicalis NBIMCC 23, while being less effective against the studied Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Data from the study on N. glutinosa aromatic products composition may be of interest to the aroma industries for their possible use in perfumery and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venelina Popova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Ivanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta Nikolova
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute—Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria
| | - Tsveta Hristeva
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute—Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria
| | - Velizar Gochev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yonko Yonchev
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute—Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Nikolov
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute—Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Popova V, Ivanova T, Prokopov T, Nikolova M, Stoyanova A, Zheljazkov VD. Carotenoid-Related Volatile Compounds of Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) Essential Oils. Molecules 2019; 24:E3446. [PMID: 31547525 PMCID: PMC6804150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) aroma is an important attribute of tobacco quality and is influenced by a variety of minor chemical components, including carotenoid degradation products. The objectives of this work were to determine the content of the most important fragrance-shaping carotenoid degradation products in the essential oils (EOs) of the three types of Bulgarian tobacco-Oriental (OR), flue-cured Virginia (FCV), and Burley (BU)-and to compare them with other aromatic products from tobacco. The content of total carotenoids and β-carotene was highest in BU tobacco (22.23 and 20.34 mg/100 g DW, respectively), followed by OR (13.60 and 12.09 mg/100 g DW in variety "Plovdiv 7" (Pd7); 6.27 and 5.45 mg/100 g DW in "Krumovgrad" (Kr), and FCV (5.93 and 3.73 mg/100 g DW). EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation in an acidified medium, and the main aroma-impact compounds from carotenoid degradation (identified by GC-MS) were as follows: FCV-α-ionone (0.61 mg/100 g DW), dihydro-β-ionone (0.96 mg/100 g DW), β-damascenone (1.26 mg/100 g DW); BU-α-ionone (0.73 mg/100 g DW), dihydro-β-ionone (1.19 mg/100 g DW), β-damascenone (1.35 mg/100 g DW); OR(Kr)-α-ionone (0.20 mg/100 g DW), β-ionone (1.08 mg/100 g DW), dihydro-β-ionone (1.34 mg/100 g DW), β-damascenone (0.36 mg/100 g DW); OR(Pd7)-α-ionone (1.43 mg/100 g DW), dihydro-β-ionone (1.73 mg/100 g DW), β-damascenone (1.23 mg/100 g DW). Ionone and its derivatives were not identified in the aroma extraction products concrete, resinoid, or absolute. The results suggest that temperature, pH of the medium, process duration, and possibly other unknown factors affect carotenoid transformation. The study provides insight into the composition of tobacco EOs and may be of interest to the fragrance industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venelina Popova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Tanya Ivanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Tsvetko Prokopov
- Department of Engineering Ecology, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Milena Nikolova
- Department of Engineering Ecology, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Valtcho D Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, 3050 SW Campus Way, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Hadjikinova R, Stankov S, Popova V, Ivanova T, Stoyanova A, Mazova N, Marudova M, Damyanova S. Рhysicochemical and textural properties of reduced sugar jellies from Physalisperuviana L. fruit. Ukr food j 2019. [DOI: 10.24263/2304-974x-2019-8-3-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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28
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Petkova Z, Stefanova G, Girova T, Antova G, Stoyanova M, Damianova S, Gochev V, Stoyanova A, Zheljazkov VD. Phytochemical Investigations of Laurel Fruits ( Laurus nobilis). Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19868876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bay laurel ( Laurus nobilis L.) is an evergreen tree. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition (polyphenols, essential oil [EO], lipid fraction, cellulose, and protein content) of laurel fruits collected from Greece (Mount Athos) and Georgia (the village of Meria), and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of laurel fruit EOs. The major phenolic acids in the fruits from Greece were p-coumaric acid (free 261.6 µg/g) and vanillic acid (free 253.1 µg/g and conjugated 925.8 µg/g). The major phenolic acids in fruits from Georgia were vanillic acid (free 105.6 µg/g and caffeic acid [conjugated 439.2 µg/g], and syringic acid [conjugated 390.7 µg/g]). The laurel fruit EOs from Greece (1.4% content) and Georgia (1.6%) had distinct composition. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the dominant group of compounds in the EOs, with 49.7% in the EO from Greece and 68.7% in the EO from Georgia. The major constituents of the fruit EO from Greece were 1,8-cineole (18.2%), α-phellandrene (15.0 %), β-pinene (9.4%), and α -pinene (9.1%), whereas the ones from Georgia were trans-β-ocimene (59.4%) and 1,8-cineole (7.6%). Laurel fruit EO from Greece and Georgia demonstrated low to moderate antimicrobial activity against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms and the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. The main fatty acids (FAs) in the lipid fractions were oleic, palmitic, and linoleic; there were differences in FA composition between the shells and the seeds of the fruits from the two countries. γ-Тocopherol predominated in the tocopherol fraction of the lipids from fruits shells and seeds from Greece (65.3% and 54.4%, respectively), whereas β-tocopherol predominated in fruits shells and seeds from Georgia (93.7% and 45.6%, respectively). Currently underutilized, the laurel fruits from both Greece and Georgia contain various valuable compounds that may potentially be used for perfumery, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tania Girova
- University of Plovdiv, Paisii Hilendarski, Bulgaria
| | - Ginka Antova
- University of Plovdiv, Paisii Hilendarski, Bulgaria
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Yankova R, Dimov M, Dobreva K, Stoyanova A. Electronic structure, reactivity, and Hirshfeld surface analysis of carvone. Journal of Chemical Research 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819863957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The density functional theory (at the B3LYP level using 6-311++G(2d,2p) basis set) was used for the investigation of the geometry and electronic properties of the carvone. The electronic properties and chemical activity of the titled compound were investigated by means of several theoretical approaches, molecular electrostatic potential surface, natural bond orbital, and frontier molecular orbital analyses. It was established that the oxygen atom in the structure characterized the electrophilic reactivity; the positive regions are localized on the hydrogen atoms, which can be considered as possible sites for nucleophilic attack. A detailed analysis of the intermolecular interactions via Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots revealed that the carvone structure is stabilized mainly by the formation of O. . .H/H. . .O hydrogen bonds. However, close contacts were established between C. . .H/H. . .C and H. . .H contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milen Dimov
- University “Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov,” Burgas, Bulgaria
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Fidan H, Stankov S, Ivanova T, Stoyanova A, Damyanova S, Ercisli S. Characterization of aromatic compounds and antimicrobial properties of four spice essential oils from family Lamiaceae. Ukr food j 2019. [DOI: 10.24263/2304-974x-2019-8-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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31
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Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Schweiger T, Denkova Z, Slavchev A, Stoyanova A, Schmidt E, Geissler M. Chemical Composition, Olfactory Evaluation and Antimicrobial Activities of Jasminum grandiflorum L. Absolute from India. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of a sample of Jasminum grandiflorum L. absolute from India was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major compounds identified were benzyl acetate (23.7%), benzyl benzoate (20.7%), phytol (10.9%), linalool (8.2%), isophytol (5.5%), geranyl linalool (3.0%), methyl linoleate (2.8%) and eugenol (2.5%). The odor of this absolute sample was olfactorically evaluated as intense and heavy floral-flowery, with penetrant-animalic and fruity side-notes. Some main and minor compounds were found to be responsible for the aroma impression of this sample. The antimicrobial activities of the J. grandiflorum sample and of some of its main and minor compounds were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as against the yeast Candida albicans, using agar dilution and agar diffusion methods. The jasmine absolute showed medium to high activity (reference compounds: eugenol and three synthetic antibiotics) against the Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis, against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella sp., as well as against the yeast Candida albicans. A comparison of these biological data with those of some constituents of the jasmine absolute is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Jirovetz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Pharmacy-Center, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Buchbauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Pharmacy-Center, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schweiger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Pharmacy-Center, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zapriana Denkova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Slavchev
- Department of Microbiology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Erich Schmidt
- Kurt Kitzing Co., Hinterm Alten Schloss 21, D-86757 Wallerstein, Germany
| | - Margit Geissler
- Shimadzu-Germany, Department of GC and GC-MS, Albert-Hahn-Strasse 6-10, D-47269 Duisburg, Germany
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Jirovetz L, Bail S, Buchbauer G, Stoilova I, Krastanov A, Stoyanova A, Stanchev V, Schmidt E. Chemical Composition, Olfactory Evaluation and Antioxidant Effects of the Leaf Essential Oil of Corymbia citriodora (Hook) from China. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of a sample of lemon eucalyptus essential oil ( Corymbia citriodora) from China was determined by GC/FID and GC/MS. Citronellal (76.3%), citronellol (5.7%) and neo-isopulegol (5.5%) were the major components. The odor of the sample was evaluated as fresh, citrus-like and mildly fruity, with a pleasant woody background note. Lemon eucalyptus oil was found to exhibit antiradical activity with respect to DPPH and hydroxyl (OH•) radicals. The effect exercised on OH• radicals significantly exceeded that observed for the DPPH radical – the respective concentrations for 50% inhibition of the radicals were 0.38 μg/mL for OH• and 344.0 μg/mL for DPPH. Furthermore, the essential oil revealed antioxidant activities in a model system comprised of a linoleic acid emulsion. At a concentration of 0.1%, inhibition of conjugated dienes-formation by 59.8% was observed and the formation of secondary oxidized products of linoleic acid by 84.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Jirovetz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Pharmacy-Center, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Bail
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Pharmacy-Center, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Buchbauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Pharmacy-Center, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivanka Stoilova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albert Krastanov
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vesselin Stanchev
- Department of Automation, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Erich Schmidt
- Kurt Kitzing Co., Hinterm Alten Schloss 21, D-86757 Wallerstein, Germany
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Ivanova T, Popova V, Mazova N, Stoyanova A, Damyanova S. Extracts from physalis leaves (Physalis peruviana L.) for prospective application in medicine and cosmetics. Ukr food j 2019. [DOI: 10.24263/2304-974x-2019-8-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Fidan H, Stefanova G, Kostova I, Stankov S, Damyanova S, Stoyanova A, Zheljazkov VD. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Laurus nobilis L. Essential Oils from Bulgaria. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040804. [PMID: 30813368 PMCID: PMC6412751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Laurel, Laurus nobilis L. is an evergreen plant belonging to the Lauraceae family, native to Southern Europe and the Mediterranean area. This is the first report on the composition and bioactivity of laurel essential oil (EO) from Bulgaria. The oil yield was 0.78%, 0.80%, and 3.25% in the fruits, twigs, and leaves, respectively. The main constituents in the fruit EO were 1,8-cineole (33.3%), α-terpinyl acetate (10.3%), α-pinene (11.0%), β-elemene (7.5%), sabinene (6.3%), β-phellandrene (5.2%), bornyl acetate (4.4%), and camphene (4.3%); those in the twig EO were 1,8-cineole (48.5%), α-terpinyl acetate (13.1%), methyl eugenol (6.6%), β-linalool (3.8%), β-pinene (3.4%), sabinene (3.3%) and terpinene-4-ol (3.3%); and the ones in the leaf EO were 1,8-cineole (41.0%), α-terpinyl acetate (14.4%), sabinene (8.8%), methyl eugenole (6.0%), β-linalool (4.9%), and α-terpineol (3.1%). The antibacterial and antifungal properties of laurel EOs were examined according to the agar well diffusion method. The leaf EO showed antibacterial and antifungal activities against almost all strains of the microorganisms tested, whereas the twig EO was only able to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 were the bacterial strains that showed the highest resistance to the laurel EO. The results can benefit the EO industry and biopesticide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafize Fidan
- Department of Catering and Tourism, University of Food Technologies, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | | | - Iliana Kostova
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, "Angel Kanchev" University of Russe, Razgrad Branch, 7200 Razgrad, Bulgaria.
| | - Stanko Stankov
- Department of Catering and Tourism, University of Food Technologies, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Stanka Damyanova
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, "Angel Kanchev" University of Russe, Razgrad Branch, 7200 Razgrad, Bulgaria.
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Catering and Tourism, University of Food Technologies, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Valtcho D Zheljazkov
- Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Stankov S, Fidan H, Ivanova T, Stoyanova A, Damyanova S, Desyk M. Chemical composition and application of flowers of false acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Ukr 2018. [DOI: 10.24263/2304-974x-2018-7-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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36
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Soserov L, Stoyanova A, Boyadzhieva T, Koleva V, Kalapsazova M, Stoyanova R. Nickel-manganese structured and multiphase composites as electrodes for hybrid supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dinev T, Beev G, Tzanova M, Denev S, Dermendzhieva D, Stoyanova A. Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum against pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms: A review. BJVM 2018. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Nikovska K, Stefanova G, Stefanov L, Damyanova S, Stoyanova A, Gubenia O. Influence of adding of laurel essential oil extracts on salad dressings properties. Ukr food j 2017. [DOI: 10.24263/2304-974x-2017-6-3-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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39
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Soserov L, Boyadzhieva T, Koleva V, Girginov C, Stoyanova A, Stoyanova R. Effect of the Electrolyte Alkaline Ions on the Electrochemical Performance of α-Ni(OH) 2
/Activated Carbon Composites in the Hybrid Supercapacitor Cell. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Soserov
- Department: Nanoscale Material; Institute of Electrochemistry and Energy Systems-Bulgarian Academy of Sciences BG-1113 Sofia; G. Bonchev Str. 10
| | - T. Boyadzhieva
- Department: Laboratory of Intermetallics and Intercalation Materials; Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry-Bulgarian Academy of Sciences BG-1113 Sofia; G. Bonchev Str. 11
| | - V. Koleva
- Department: Laboratory of Intermetallics and Intercalation Materials; Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry-Bulgarian Academy of Sciences BG-1113 Sofia; G. Bonchev Str. 11
| | - Ch. Girginov
- Department: Physical Chemistry; University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy - Sofia, BG-1756 Sofia, 8, Kliment Ohridski, Blvd
| | - A. Stoyanova
- Department: Nanoscale Material; Institute of Electrochemistry and Energy Systems-Bulgarian Academy of Sciences BG-1113 Sofia; G. Bonchev Str. 10
| | - R. Stoyanova
- Department: Laboratory of Intermetallics and Intercalation Materials; Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry-Bulgarian Academy of Sciences BG-1113 Sofia; G. Bonchev Str. 11
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Atanasova T, Kakalova M, Stefanof L, Petkova M, Stoyanova A, Damyanova S, Desyk M. Chemical composition of essential oil from Rosa Damascena mill., growing in new region of Bulgaria. Ukr food j 2016. [DOI: 10.24263/2304-974x-2016-5-3-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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42
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Stappen I, Wanner J, Tabanca N, Wedge DE, Ali A, Khan IA, Kaul VK, Lal B, Jaitak V, Gochev V, Girova T, Stoyanova A, Schmidt E, Jirovetz L. Chemical composition and biological effects of Artemisia maritima and Artemisia nilagirica essential oils from wild plants of western Himalaya. Planta Med 2014; 80:1079-1087. [PMID: 25127023 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1382957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia species possess pharmacological properties that are used for medical purposes worldwide. In this paper, the essential oils from the aerial parts of Artemisia nilagirica and Artemisia maritima from the western Indian Himalaya region are described. The main compounds analyzed by simultaneous GC/MS and GC/FID were camphor and 1,8-cineole from A. maritima, and camphor and artemisia ketone from A. nilagirica. Additionally, the oils were evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal, mosquito biting deterrent, and larvicidal activities. A. nilagirica essential oil demonstrated nonselective antifungal activity against plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum fragariae, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, whereas A. maritima did not show antifungal activity. Both Artemisia spp. exhibited considerable mosquito biting deterrence, whereas only A. nilagirica showed larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Antibacterial effects assessed by an agar dilution assay demonstrated greater activity of A. maritima essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to A. nilagirica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Stappen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - David E Wedge
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Abbas Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Vijay K Kaul
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Brij Lal
- Biodiversity Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Biodiversity Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Velizar Gochev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, "Paisii Hilendarski" - University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tania Girova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, "Paisii Hilendarski" - University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Erich Schmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Jirovetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Girova T, Gochev V, Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Schmidt E, Stoyanova A. Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Spices Against Psychrotrophic Food Spoilage Microorganisms. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2010.10817895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Schmidt E, Wanner J, Höferl M, Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Gochev V, Girova T, Stoyanova A, Geissler M. Chemical Composition, Olfactory Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Thymus vulgaris Chemotypes Geraniol, 4-Thujanol/Terpinen-4-ol, Thymol and Linalool Cultivated in Southern France. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oils of four chemotypes of Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) were analyzed for their composition and antibacterial activity to assess their different properties. GC-MS and GC-FID analyses revealed that the essentials oils can be classified into the chemotypes thymol (41.0% thymol), geraniol (26.4% geraniol), linalool (72.5% linalool) and 4-thujanol/terpinen-4-ol (42.2% cis- and 7.3% trans-sabinene hydrate, 6.5 % terpinen-4-ol). The olfactory examination confirmed the explicit differences between these chemotypes. Furthermore, antibacterial activity was investigated against several strains of two Gram-positive ( Brochothrix thermosphacta and Staphylococcus aureus) and four Gram-negative food-borne bacteria ( Escherichia coli, Salmonella abony, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. fragi). All essential oil samples were demonstrated to be highly effective against Gram-positive strains, whereas the impact on Gramnegative microorganisms was significantly smaller, but still considerable. The results obtained indicate that, despite their different properties, the essential oils of selected T. vulgaris chemotypes are potent antimicrobials to be employed as useful additives in food products as well as for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Wanner
- Kurt Kitzing Co., Hinterm Alten Schloss 21, D-86757 Wallerstein, Germany
| | - Martina Höferl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Jirovetz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Buchbauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Velizar Gochev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, “Paisii. Hilendarski” University of Plovdiv, 24 Tzar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tania Girova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, “Paisii. Hilendarski” University of Plovdiv, 24 Tzar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Margit Geissler
- Department of GC and GC-MS, Shimadzu Germany, Albert-Hahn-Strasse 6-10, D-47269 Duisburg, Germany
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Schmidt E, Wanner J, Hiiferl M, Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Gochev V, Girova T, Stoyanova A, Geissler M. Chemical composition, olfactory analysis and antibacterial activity of Thymus vulgaris chemotypes geraniol, 4-thujanol/terpinen-4-ol, thymol and linalool cultivated in southern France. Nat Prod Commun 2012; 7:1095-1098. [PMID: 22978238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential oils of four chemotypes of Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) were analyzed for their composition and antibacterial activity to assess their different properties. GC-MS and GC-FID analyses revealed that the essentials oils can be classified into the chemotypes thymol (41.0% thymol), geraniol (26.4% geraniol), linalool (72.5% linalool) and 4-thujanol/terpinen-4-ol (42.2% cis- and 7.3% trans-sabinene hydrate, 6.5 % terpinen-4-ol). The olfactory examination confirmed the explicit differences between these chemotypes. Furthermore, antibacterial activity was investigated against several strains of two Gram-positive (Brochothrix thermosphacta and Staphylococcus aureus) and four Gram-negative food-borne bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella abony, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. fragi). All essential oil samples were demonstrated to be highly effective against Gram-positive strains, whereas the impact on Gram-negative microorganisms was significantly smaller, but still considerable. The results obtained indicate that, despite their different properties, the essential oils of selected T. vulgaris chemotypes are potent antimicrobials to be employed as useful additives in food products as well as for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Stoyanova A, Ivanov S, Tsakova V, Bund A. Au nanoparticle–polyaniline nanocomposite layers obtained through layer-by-layer adsorption for the simultaneous determination of dopamine and uric acid. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wanner J, Schmidt E, Bail S, Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Gochev V, Girova T, Atanasova T, Stoyanova A. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of selected essential oils and some of their main compounds. Nat Prod Commun 2010; 5:1359-1364. [PMID: 20922991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of essential oils of cabreuva (Myrocarpus fastigiatus Allemao, Fabaceae) from Brazil, cedarwood (Juniperus ashei, Cupressaceae) from Texas, Juniper berries (Juniperus communis L., Cupressaceae) and myrrh (Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl., Burseraceae) were analyzed using GC/FID and GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of these essential oils and some of their main compounds were tested against eleven different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by using agar diffusion and agar serial dilution methods. Animal and plant pathogens, food poisoning and spoilage bacteria were selected. The volatile oils exhibited considerable inhibitory effects against all tested organisms, except Pseudomonas, using both test methods. Higher activity was observed against Gram-positive strains in comparison with Gram-negative bacteria. Cabreuva oil from Brazil showed similar results, but in comparison with the other oils tested, only when higher concentrations of oil were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Wanner
- Kurt Kitzing Co., Hinterm Alten Schloss 21, D-86757 Wallerstein, Germany.
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49
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Wanner J, Schmidt E, Bail S, Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Gochev V, Girova T, Atanasova T, Stoyanova A. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Selected Essential Oils and Some of Their Main compounds. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of essential oils of cabreuva ( Myrocarpus Fastigiatus Allemao, Fabaceae) from Brazil, cedarwood ( Juniperus ashei, Cupressaceae) from Texas, Juniper berries ( Juniperus communis L., Cupressaceae) and myrrh ( Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl., Burseraceae) were analyzed using GC/FID and GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of these essential oils and some of their main compounds were tested against eleven different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by using agar diffusion and agar serial dilution methods. Animal and plant pathogens, food poisoning and spoilage bacteria were selected. The volatile oils exhibited considerable inhibitory effects against all tested organisms, except Pseudomonas, using both test methods. Higher activity was observed against Gram-positive strains in comparison with Gram-negative bacteria. Cabreuva oil from Brazil showed similar results, but in comparison with the other oils tested, only when higher concentrations of oil were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Wanner
- Kurt Kitzing Co., Hinterm Alten Schloss 21, D-86757 Wallerstein, Germany
| | - Erich Schmidt
- Gottfried Keller Strasse 8, D-86720 Nördlingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bail
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Jirovetz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Buchbauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Velizar Gochev
- “Paisiy Hilendarski” - University of Plovdiv, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biological Faculty, 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Girova
- “Paisiy Hilendarski” - University of Plovdiv, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biological Faculty, 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Teodora Atanasova
- University of Food Technology, Department of Essential Oils, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- University of Food Technology, Department of Essential Oils, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Wanner J, Schmidt E, Bail S, Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Gochev V, Girova T, Atanasova T, Stoyanova A. Chemical Composition, Olfactory Evaluation and Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Essential Oils and Absolutes from Morocco. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical compositions of selected essential oils from North Africa, especially Morocco, of geranium, wild Moroccan chamomile and rosemary as well as absolutes of rose and geranium were determined using GC/FID and GC/MS. These oils and absolutes were tested concerning their antimicrobial activity against some food spoilage strains obtained from fresh milk and minced meat products, like sausages and pork fillet, in accordance with ISO testing procedures. Gram-positive ( Bacillus Cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative ( Escherichia coli, Salmonella abony and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) strains were used, as well as the yeast Candida albicans. Using a serial broth dilution method, all samples demonstrated weak antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast, compared with the activity towards the Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Wanner
- Kurt Kitzing Co., Hinterm Alten Schloss 21, D-86757 Wallerstein, Germany
| | - Erich Schmidt
- Kurt Kitzing Co., Hinterm Alten Schloss 21, D-86757 Wallerstein, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bail
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Jirovetz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Buchbauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Velizar Gochev
- “Paisiy Hilendarski”- University of Plovdiv, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biological Faculty, 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Girova
- “Paisiy Hilendarski”- University of Plovdiv, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biological Faculty, 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Teodora Atanasova
- University of Food Technology, Department of Essential Oils, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- University of Food Technology, Department of Essential Oils, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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