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Payros D, Alassane-Kpembi I, Laffitte J, Lencina C, Neves M, Bracarense AP, Pinton P, Ménard S, Oswald IP. Dietary Exposure to the Food Contaminant Deoxynivalenol Triggers Colonic Breakdown by Activating the Mitochondrial and the Death Receptor Pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100191. [PMID: 34626057 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The food contamination by mycotoxins is of increasing public health concerns. Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin contaminating cereals, has been associated with the exacerbation of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), thereby raising the question of its role in the development of IBD. Moreover, the effect of DON on the colon is poorly described. METHODS AND RESULTS Wistar rats exposed (1-4 weeks) to low doses of DON (2 or 9 mg kg-1 feed) show microscopic alterations of colonic tissue (dilated lymphatic vessels, luminal debris, and cubic and flattened enterocytes). Ingestion of DON also alters colonic functions by increasing paracellular permeability while reducing the expression of the tight junction proteins and increased apoptosis in colonic tissue. Pro-apoptotic factors Bax/Bak, cytochrome C, and caspase 9 are upregulated, whereas expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 tends to decrease for the mitochondrial pathway. An increased expression of FasR and caspase-8 is observed for the extrinsic pathway. An increase in the pro-inflammatory markers TNFα, IL-17, and myeloperoxidase is also observed. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the dietary exposure to low levels of DON in food targets the colon inducing a health-threatening breakdown of the colonic barrier, highlighting oral exposure to DON as a potential risk factor in triggering IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Payros
- Research center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, Toxalim, Toulouse, F-31027, France.,Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, IRSD, Toulouse, France
| | - Imourana Alassane-Kpembi
- Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200, Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Joelle Laffitte
- Research center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, Toxalim, Toulouse, F-31027, France
| | - Corine Lencina
- Research center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, Toxalim, Toulouse, F-31027, France
| | - Manon Neves
- Research center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, Toxalim, Toulouse, F-31027, France
| | - Ana Paula Bracarense
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Londrina, Parana, CP 6001, Brazil
| | - Philippe Pinton
- Research center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, Toxalim, Toulouse, F-31027, France
| | - Sandrine Ménard
- Research center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, Toxalim, Toulouse, F-31027, France.,Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, IRSD, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Research center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, Toxalim, Toulouse, F-31027, France
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de Mello Miyasaki AM, Rigobello C, Klein RM, Crespigio J, Flaiban KK, Bracarense AP, Mazzucatto BC, Barbosa DS, Moreira EG. Evaluation of hepatic and renal effects in rat dams and their offspring after exposure to paracetamol during gestation and lactation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 32:1301-1310. [PMID: 33317685 DOI: 10.1071/rd20142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol (PAR) is the analgesic and antipyretic of choice for pregnant and nursing women. PAR may reach the fetus and/or neonate through the placenta and/or milk and effect development. This study evaluated possible hepatic and renal effects in rat dams and their offspring exposed to PAR using a human-relevant route of administration and doses from Gestational Day 6 to Postnatal Day (PND) 21. Dams were gavaged daily with PAR (35 or 350mg kg-1) or water (CON). Dams and pups were killed on PND21 and 22 respectively, and blood was collected for biochemical analysis (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea and creatinine). The kidneys and liver were isolated and processed for histopathological assessment and evaluation of oxidative stress markers. Compared with the CON groups, pups exposed to 350mg kg-1 PAR had increased renal reduced glutathione (GSH), whereas dams exposed to both doses of PAR increased serum AST. PAR administration did not affect parameters of general toxicity or renal and hepatic oxidative stress. In conclusion, maternal exposure to human-relevant doses of PAR by gavage was not associated with hepatic or renal toxicity in the pups or dams, but PAR was not devoid of effects. Exposure to PAR increased renal GSH in pups, which could suggest an adaptive antioxidant response, and affected maternal serum AST activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Morgato de Mello Miyasaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatrics Surgery, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-980, Londrina, PR, Brazil; and Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-980, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila Rigobello
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-980, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Moreno Klein
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-980, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Crespigio
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Karina Keller Flaiban
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Bracarense
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Décio Sabbatini Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-980, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Estefânia Gastaldello Moreira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-980, Londrina, PR, Brazil; and Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil; and Corresponding author.
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Terciolo C, Bracarense AP, Souto PCMC, Cossalter AM, Dopavogui L, Loiseau N, Oliveira CAF, Pinton P, Oswald IP. Fumonisins at Doses below EU Regulatory Limits Induce Histological Alterations in Piglets. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E548. [PMID: 31546931 PMCID: PMC6784023 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11090548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fumonisins (FBs) are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species that can contaminate human food and animal feed. Due to the harmful effects of FBs on animals, the European Union (EU) defined a recommendation of a maximum of 5 mg FBs (B1 + B2)/kg for complete feed for swine and 1 µg FBs/kg body weight per day as the tolerable daily intake for humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of dietary exposure to low doses of FBs, including a dose below the EU regulatory limits. Four groups of 24 weaned castrated male piglets were exposed to feed containing 0, 3.7, 8.1, and 12.2 mg/kg of FBs for 28 days; the impact was measured by biochemical analysis and histopathological observations. Dietary exposure to FBs at a low dose (3.7 mg/kg of feed) significantly increased the plasma sphinganine-to-sphingosine ratio. FBs-contaminated diets led to histological modifications in the intestine, heart, lung, lymphoid organs, kidney, and liver. The histological alterations in the heart and the intestine appeared at the lowest dose of FBs-contaminated diet (3.7 mg/kg feed) and in the kidney at the intermediate dose (8.1 mg/kg feed). At the highest dose tested (12.2 mg/kg feed), all the organs displayed histological alterations. This dose also induced biochemical modifications indicative of kidney and liver alterations. In conclusion, our data indicate that FBs-contaminated diets at doses below the EU regulatory limit cause histological lesions in several organs. This study suggests that EU recommendations for the concentration of FBs in animal feed, especially for swine, are not sufficiently protective and that regulatory doses should be modified for better protection of animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Terciolo
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - Ana Paula Bracarense
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Pollyana C M C Souto
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil.
| | - Anne-Marie Cossalter
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - Léonie Dopavogui
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - Carlos A F Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil.
| | - Philippe Pinton
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France.
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Gerez J, Buck L, Marutani VH, Calliari CM, Bracarense AP. Low Levels of Chito-Oligosaccharides Are Not Effective in Reducing Deoxynivalenol Toxicity in Swine Jejunal Explants. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E276. [PMID: 29973482 PMCID: PMC6071133 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10070276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin that affects the intestinal morphology of animals, impairing nutrient intake and growth. On the other hand, dietary supplementation with functional oligosaccharides as chito-oligosaccharides (COS) has shown positive effects on the intestinal health of piglets. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of low doses of COS in preventing DON-induced intestinal histological changes, using a swine jejunal explant technique. The intestinal explants were incubated at 37 °C in culture medium for 4 h and exposed to the following treatments: (a) control (only culture medium), (b) DON (10 µM), (c) 25COS (0.025 mg·mL−1 of COS); (d) 50COS (0.05 mg·mL−1 of COS); (e) 25COS plus DON (25COS + DON); (f) 50COS plus DON (50COS + DON). Explants exposed to COS presented intestinal morphology similar to control samples. DON induced a significant decrease in the histological score as a consequence of moderate to severe histological changes (apical necrosis, villi atrophy, and fusion) and a significant decrease in morphometric parameters (villi height, crypt depth, villi height:crypt depth ratio, and goblet cells density). The intestinal morphology of samples exposed to COS + DON remained similar to DON treatment. In conclusion, low levels of COS did not counteract DON-induced intestinal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Gerez
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Buck
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Victor Hugo Marutani
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Maria Calliari
- Academic Department of Food, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Avenida dos Pioneiros, 3131, Londrina, Paraná 86036-370, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Bracarense
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil.
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Pinton P, Tsybulskyy D, Lucioli J, Laffitte J, Callu P, Lyazhri F, Grosjean F, Bracarense AP, Kolf-Clauw M, Oswald IP. Toxicity of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated derivatives on the intestine: differential effects on morphology, barrier function, tight junction proteins, and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Toxicol Sci 2012; 130:180-90. [PMID: 22859312 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is the first barrier against food contaminants and is highly sensitive to mycotoxins, especially de oxynivalenol (DON). Consumption of DON-contaminated food is associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis. In cereals and their byproducts, DON is present together with two acetylated derivatives, 3-ADON and 15-ADON. The aim of this study was to compare the intestinal toxicity of DON and A-DONs, using noncytotoxic doses. The toxicity was assessed using in vitro (intestinal epithelial cell line), ex vivo (intestinal explants), and in vivo (animals exposed to mycotoxin-contaminated diets) models. The effects were studied on cell proliferation, barrier function, and intestinal structure. The mechanism of toxicity was investigated by measuring the expression of the tight junction proteins and of phosphorylated ERK1/2, p38, and JNK, which are effectors of signaling pathway involved in cellular programs including embryogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. On proliferating cells, 3-ADON was less toxic than DON, which was less toxic than 15-ADON. On differentiated cells, 15-ADON impaired the barrier function, whereas DON and 3-ADON did not have a significant effect. Similarly, ex vivo and in vivo, 15-ADON caused more histological lesions than DON or 3-ADON. At the molecular level, the 15-ADON activated the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) ERK1/2, p38, and JNK in the intestinal cell line, explants, and the jejunum from exposed animals at lower dose than DON and 3-ADON. Our results show that the higher toxicity of 15-DON is due to its ability to activate the MAPK. Given that cereal-based foods are contaminated with DON and acetylated-DON, the higher toxicity of 15-ADON should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Pinton
- INRA, UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France
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Headley SA, Bracarense AP, Nakagawa T, Moreno K, Pereira PM, Reis ACFD. Aortic body tumors in dogs from Northern Paraná, Brazil. Cienc Rural 2009; 39:1908-1912. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-84782009005000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the occurrence of aortic body tumors in four dogs from Southern Brazil. All dogs were males, more than 9 year of age; most of these were from the Boxer breed of dogs. The animals had large neoplastic growths at the base of the heart, which demonstrated histologic characteristics consistent with that of aortic body tumor. By immunohistochemistry, tissue sections from all dogs reacted positively to neuron specific enolase. These cases might represent the first description of this tumor in dogs from Brazil, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry.
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Buim MR, Bracarense AP, Guimarães IG, Kawamura O, Ueno Y, Hirooka EY. Immunohistochemistry of fumonisin in poultry using avidin-biotin-peroxidase system. Nat Toxins 2002; 7:279-82. [PMID: 11122519 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7189(199911/12)7:6<279::aid-nt74>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using monoclonal anti-fumonisin B1 antibody (anti-FB1) and avidin-biotin-peroxidase system, liver and kidneys of broiler chicks were evaluated for the detection and distribution of fumonisins (FBs). One hundred and fifty micrograms of FB1 or culture extract of Fusarium moniliforme str. 113F containing 150 microg of FB1 and 4 microg of FB2 were administered into the vitelline sac of 1-day old, specific pathogen-free chicks. The animals were killed 24 h after injection, and renal and hepatic tissues submitted for immunohistochemical analysis. FBs were detected in the epithelial cells of convoluted distal and proximal tubules of the kidneys, as well as in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. This novel immunohistochemical method developed is expected to be an efficient way for monitoring the target of the FB toxins in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Buim
- Department of Food and Drug Technology, Center of Agricultural Sciences, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
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Abstract
Sera from 305 dogs were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine presence of the antibody anti-gp43, which reacts to a specific antigen of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. The dogs were divided into three groups according to their origin: urban dogs (animals with little or no contact with rural areas); suburban dogs (from the urban outskirts); and rural dogs. There was a significant difference between groups (P < 0.05). Rural dogs reacted positively in 89.5% of cases, followed by suburban (48.8%) and urban dogs (14.8%). There were no differences between male and female dogs. In an attempt to verify the feasibility of skin testing with gp43 to determine sensitization against P. brasiliensis in dogs, suburban (n = 61) and rural (n = 21) dogs were tested, showing positivity of 13.1 and 38.1%, respectively. Six dogs that had higher ELISA titers and also showed strong reactions in skin testing were killed in an attempt to isolate P. brasiliensis. The fungus was not detected by culture or histopathological analysis in these dogs, suggesting that dogs have a natural resistance or that they encounter an inoculum level that is insufficient to cause disease. These results indicate that ELISA and skin testing can be useful in the epidemiological study of paracoccidioidomycosis in dogs and that encounter with the fungus in nature is a frequent event.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ono
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Disciplina de Biologia Celular, Brazil
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Abstract
The present paper describes tuberculosis in a family whose dog also presented the disease. The importance of animal epidemiological investigation in cases of tuberculosis in man is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Megid
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brasil
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