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Walther AR, Ditzel N, Kassem M, Andersen MØ, Hedegaard MAB. In vivo non-invasive monitoring of tissue development in 3D printed subcutaneous bone scaffolds using fibre-optic Raman spectroscopy. Biomater Biosyst 2022; 7:100059. [PMID: 36824488 PMCID: PMC9934492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2022.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel biomaterials for regenerative therapy relies on the ability to assess tissue development, quality, and similarity with native tissue types in in vivo experiments. Non-invasive imaging modalities such as X-ray computed tomography offer high spatial resolution but limited biochemical information while histology and biochemical assays are destructive. Raman spectroscopy is a non-invasive, label-free and non-destructive technique widely applied for biochemical characterization. Here we demonstrate the use of fibre-optic Raman spectroscopy for in vivo quantitative monitoring of tissue development in subcutaneous calcium phosphate scaffolds in mice over 16 weeks. Raman spectroscopy was able to quantify the time dependency of different tissue components related to the presence, absence, and quantity of mesenchymal stem cells. Scaffolds seeded with stem cells produced 3-5 times higher amount of collagen-rich extracellular matrix after 16 weeks implantation compared to scaffolds without. These however, showed a 2.5 times higher amount of lipid-rich tissue compared to implants with stem cells. Ex vivo micro-computed tomography and histology showed stem cell mediated collagen and bone development. Histological measures of collagen correlated well with Raman derived quantifications (correlation coefficient in vivo 0.74, ex vivo 0.93). In the absence of stem cells, the scaffolds were largely occupied by adipocytes. The technique developed here could potentially be adapted for a range of small animal experiments for assessing tissue engineering strategies at the biochemical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Runge Walther
- SDU Biotechnology, Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Østergaard Andersen
- SDU Biotechnology, Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Aage Barsøe Hedegaard
- SDU Biotechnology, Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
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Andersen CB, Runge Walther A, Pipó-Ollé E, Notabi MK, Juul S, Eriksen MH, Lovatt AL, Cowie R, Linnet J, Kobaek-Larsen M, El-Houri R, Andersen MØ, Hedegaard MAB, Christensen LP, Arnspang EC. Falcarindiol Purified From Carrots Leads to Elevated Levels of Lipid Droplets and Upregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Gene Expression in Cellular Models. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:565524. [PMID: 32982759 PMCID: PMC7485416 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.565524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Falcarindiol (FaDOH) is a cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory polyacetylenic oxylipin found in food plants of the carrot family (Apiaceae). FaDOH has been shown to activate PPARγ and to increase the expression of the cholesterol transporter ABCA1 in cells, both of which play an important role in lipid metabolism. Thus, a common mechanism of action of the anticancer and antidiabetic properties of FaDOH may be due to a possible effect on lipid metabolism. In this study, the effect of sub-toxic concentration (5 μM) of FaDOH inside human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was studied using white light microscopy and Raman imaging. Our results show that FaDOH increases lipid content in the hMSCs cells as well as the number of lipid droplets (LDs) and that this can be explained by increased expression of PPARγ2 as shown in human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Activation of PPARγ can lead to increased expression of ABCA1. We demonstrate that ABCA1 is upregulated in colorectal neoplastic rat tissue, which indicates a possible role of this transporter in the redistribution of lipids and increased formation of LDs in cancer cells that may lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress and cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bertel Andersen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Runge Walther
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Emma Pipó-Ollé
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martine K Notabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Juul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mathias Hessellund Eriksen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Adam Leslie Lovatt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Richard Cowie
- The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jes Linnet
- The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Kobaek-Larsen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rime El-Houri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Østergaard Andersen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Aage Barsøe Hedegaard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Porskjær Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Eva Christensen Arnspang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Zaugg LK, Banu A, Walther AR, Chandrasekaran D, Babb RC, Salzlechner C, Hedegaard MAB, Gentleman E, Sharpe PT. Translation Approach for Dentine Regeneration Using GSK-3 Antagonists. J Dent Res 2020; 99:544-551. [PMID: 32156176 PMCID: PMC7534023 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520908593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is crucial for reparative dentinogenesis following tooth damage, and the modulation of this pathway affects the rate and extent of reparative dentine formation in damaged mice molars by triggering the natural process of dentinogenesis. Pharmacological stimulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity by small-molecule GSK-3 inhibitor drugs following pulp exposure in mouse molars results in reparative dentinogenesis. The creation of similar but larger lesions in rat molars shows that the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–competitive GSK-3 inhibitor, CHIR99021 (CHIR), and the ATP noncompetitive inhibitor, Tideglusib (TG), can equally enhance reparative dentine formation to fully repair an area of dentine damage up to 10 times larger, mimicking the size of small lesions in humans. To assess the chemical composition of this newly formed dentine and to compare its structure with surrounding native dentine and alveolar bone, Raman microspectroscopy analysis is used. We show that the newly formed dentine comprises equal carbonate to phosphate ratios and mineral to matrix ratios to that of native dentine, both being significantly different from bone. For an effective dentine repair, the activity of the drugs needs to be restricted to the region of damage. To investigate the range of drug-induced Wnt-activity within the dental pulp, RNA of short-term induced (24-h) molars is extracted from separated roots and crowns, and quantitative Axin2 expression is assayed. We show that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is highly restricted to pulp cells in the immediate location of the damage in the coronal pulp tissue with no drug action detected in the root pulp. These results provide further evidence that this simple method of enhancement of natural reparative dentinogenesis has the potential to be translated into a clinical direct capping approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Zaugg
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Banu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A R Walther
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - D Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R C Babb
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Salzlechner
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M A B Hedegaard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - E Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
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Salzlechner C, Haghighi T, Huebscher I, Walther AR, Schell S, Gardner A, Undt G, da Silva RM, Dreiss CA, Fan K, Gentleman E. Adhesive Hydrogels for Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration Using Minimally Invasive Procedures. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901134. [PMID: 31943865 PMCID: PMC7041972 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Minimally invasive surgical procedures aiming to repair damaged maxillofacial tissues are hampered by its small, complex structures and difficult surgical access. Indeed, while arthroscopic procedures that deliver regenerative materials and/or cells are common in articulating joints such as the knee, there are currently no treatments that surgically place cells, regenerative factors or materials into maxillofacial tissues to foster bone, cartilage or muscle repair. Here, hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels are developed, which are suitable for use in minimally invasive procedures, that can adhere to the surrounding tissue, and deliver cells and potentially drugs. By modifying HA with both methacrylate (MA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa) groups using a completely aqueous synthesis route, it is shown that MA-HA-Dopa hydrogels can be applied under aqueous conditions, gel quickly using a standard surgical light, and adhere to tissue. Moreover, upon oxidation of the Dopa, human marrow stromal cells attach to hydrogels and survive when encapsulated within them. These observations show that when incorporated into HA-based hydrogels, Dopa moieties can foster cell and tissue interactions, ensuring surgical placement and potentially enabling delivery/recruitment of regenerative cells. The findings suggest that MA-HA-Dopa hydrogels may find use in minimally invasive procedures to foster maxillofacial tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Salzlechner
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Tabasom Haghighi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Isabella Huebscher
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Runge Walther
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Sophie Schell
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Centre of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Gardner
- Department of Mucosal and Salivary Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard Undt
- University Clinic of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ricardo M.P. da Silva
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200 - 135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cécile A. Dreiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Kathleen Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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Walther AR, Andersen MØ, Dam CK, Karlsson F, Hedegaard MAB. Simple Defocused Fiber Optic Volume Probe for Subsurface Raman Spectroscopy in Turbid Media. Appl Spectrosc 2020; 74:88-96. [PMID: 31510785 DOI: 10.1177/0003702819873933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the ability to perform deep subsurface Raman spectroscopy in turbid media using a simple fiber optic volume probe. Being able to collect Raman signals from regions deep within a biological sample provides the ability to noninvasively study underlying living tissue and tissue engineered constructs with high chemical specificity. Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy has shown great potential for obtaining subsurface Raman signals in biological samples. The applicability of the method for in vivo studies depends on the system complexity and small size probes are often desirable. Most real-time studies on human patients utilizing Raman spectroscopy have been performed with easy-to-handle miniaturized probes. Here we show both experimentally and theoretically that the sampling depth from a simple volume probe can be controlled by changing the probe to sample distance effectively suppressing Raman and fluorescence contributions from shallow sample layers while favoring the collection of signals from deeper layers. Relative spectral intensities as function of probe to sample distance were investigated for layered phantoms of poly(methyl methacrylate) and trans-stilbene and compared with theory. The volume probe was then utilized for the collection of spectra from phantoms mimicking in vivo transcutaneous measurement configurations of bone and engineered scaffold as well as from an ex vivo sample of bone and soft tissue. Together the results show that Raman fiber optic volume probes can be utilized for subsurface Raman spectroscopy in turbid media, providing a simple alternative to spatially offset Raman systems for, e.g., noninvasive monitoring and studying mineralized tissue and implanted scaffolds in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Runge Walther
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Østergaard Andersen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Martin Aage Barsøe Hedegaard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Walther AR, Augsten R, Walther HR. Ergebnisqualität bei 1305 unselektierten IVOM von 2008 - 2013. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1357784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Walther AR, Strobel J, Walther HR, Dawczynski J. Perioperatives Blutdruckverhalten bei ambulanten Augen-OP. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1327131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Walther AR, Romberger I, Walther BM. Anästhesieoptimierung bei der ambulanten Cataract-Chirurgie. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1267597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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