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Viotto-Souza W, Santos ALQ, Abidu-Figueiredo M, Kasper CB, de Carvalho AD, de Souza-Junior P. Coronary anatomy in neotropical carnivores: A comparative analysis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2149-2161. [PMID: 38058234 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the anatomy of coronary arteries and their primary branches in neotropical carnivores, given the functional significance of coronary circulation and the limited existing descriptions in this order. For this purpose, coronary arteries were dissected, and their branches were counted in 74 hearts from 20 species belonging to five families: Canidae, Mustelidae, Procyonidae, Mephitidae, and Felidae. In all specimens of the suborder Caniformia, the subsinuosal interventricular branch originated at the end of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery (LCA). In contrast, in all hearts of Felidae specimens, the subsinuosal branch was derived from the right coronary artery. Among the 50 neotropical specimens of the suborder Caniformia, 13.1 ± 5.2 ventricular branches originated from the LCA and only 4.6 ± 1.4 from the right (p < 0.0001), characterizing a consistent left dominance. However, in the 24 specimens of the Felidae family, 10.5 ± 4.0 ventricular branches were found originating from the LCA and 10.4 ± 3.4 from the right, with no difference between the means (p = 0.82), defining a balanced pattern. It is suggested that the type of coronary circulation may correlate with the phylogeny of carnivorans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Viotto-Souza
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Fundação Presidente Antonio Carlos (UNIPAC), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Hirano LQL, de Oliveira ALR, de Barros RF, Veloso DFMC, Lima EM, Santos ALQ, Moreno JCD. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dextroketamine alone or combined with midazolam in Caiman crocodilus. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024. [PMID: 38655611 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics studies of anesthetic agents are important for understanding of the pharmacology and metabolism of anesthetic agents in reptilians. This study was designed to examine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of intravenous dextroketamine alone or combined with midazolam in Caiman crocodilus. Eight caimans were anesthetized with dextroketamine (10 mg/kg; group D) or dextroketamine and midazolam (10 and 0.5 mg/kg respectively; group DM) into the occipital venous sinus. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by HPLC using a non-compartmental modeling. Serial blood samples were collected at baseline and within 15 and 30 min, and 11.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h of drug administration. Sedation status over time differed between groups. All animals in group D (8/8; 100%) showed signs of light sedation at t10. Half (4/8; 50%) of these caimans did not progress to deeper levels of sedation. In spite of light sedation at t10, animals in group DM were deeply sedated within 13.13 ± 7.04 min of anesthetic agent injection. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-48) and half-life of dextroketamine changed significantly after combination with midazolam. Even without significant changes in clearance, the almost two-fold increase in the half-life of dextroketamine suggests a slower rate of elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eliana Martins Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Mendonça JDS, de Almeida JCN, Vieira LG, Hirano LQL, Santos ALQ, Andrade DV, Malafaia G, de Oliveira Júnior RJ, Beletti ME. Mutagenicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity of glyphosate and fipronil commercial formulations in Amazon turtles neonates (Podocnemis expansa). Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:165529. [PMID: 37453711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are considered one of the main causes of the population decline of reptiles worldwide, with freshwater turtles being particularly susceptible to aquatic contamination. In this context, we investigated the potential mutagenic, hepatotoxic, and neurotoxic effects in neonates of Podocnemis expansa exposed to substrate contaminated with different concentrations of glyphosate and/or fipronil during embryonic development. Eggs collected from the natural environment were artificially incubated in sand moistened with pure water, water added with glyphosate Atar 48® at concentrations of 65 and 6500 μg/L (groups G1 and G2, respectively), water added with fipronil Regent® 800WG at 4 and 400 μg/L (groups F1 and F2, respectively) and, water added with the combination of 65 μg/L glyphosate and 4 μg/L fipronil or with 6500 μg/L glyphosate and 400 μg/L fipronil (groups GF1 and GF2, respectively). For mutagenicity analysis, we evaluated the frequency of micronuclei (MN) and other erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENAs), while for evaluation of hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity, livers and encephalon were analyzed for histopathological alterations. Exposure to pesticides, alone or in combination, increased the frequency of erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities, particularly blebbed nuclei, moved nuclei, and notched nuclei. Individuals exposed to fipronil exhibited congestion and inflammatory infiltrate in their liver tissue, while, in the encephalon, congestion, and necrosis were present. Our study confirms that the incubation of eggs in substrate polluted with glyphosate and fipronil causes histopathological damage and mutagenic alteration in P. expansa, highlighting the importance of using different biomarkers to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of these pesticides, especially in oviparous animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Dos Santos Mendonça
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicologia Aplicada ao Meio Ambiente, Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
| | - Julio Cesar Neves de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Gonçalves Vieira
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Morfologia e Ontogenia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília (UNB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Quagliatto Santos
- Organização Não Governamental - Preservação dos Animais Silvestres do Brasil - ONG PAS do Brasil, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Denis Vieira Andrade
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aplicada ao Meio Ambiente, Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação dos Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Robson José de Oliveira Júnior
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Emílio Beletti
- Laboratório de Biologia da Reprodução, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Dos Santos Mendonça J, Vieira LG, Hirano LQL, Qualhato G, de Almeida JCN, Santos ALQ, de Abreu Fernandes E, Malafaia G, Andrade DV. Eggshell composition of Amazon turtle (Podocnemis expansa) is altered after incubation in substrates containing glyphosate and fipronil formulations. Sci Total Environ 2023:164901. [PMID: 37331388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Besides its crucial role during embryo development, eggshells are an essential bioindicator of environmental contaminants. However, the effects of contaminant exposure during incubation on the eggshell composition remain poorly known for freshwater turtles. Accordingly, we tested the effects of incubating the eggs of Podocnemis expansa in substrates containing glyphosate and fipronil formulations on the eggshell's level of mineral and dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen, and ethereal extract. Eggs were incubated in sand moistened with water contaminated with glyphosate Atar 48 at concentrations of 65 or 6500 μg/L, fipronil Regent 800 WG at concentrations of 4 or 400 μg/L, or the combination of 65 μg/L glyphosate and 4 μg/L fipronil and 6500 μg/L glyphosate with 400 μg/L fipronil. Exposure to the tested pesticides, alone or in association, altered the chemical composition of the eggshell of P. expansa, reducing the eggshell's moisture and crude protein content and increasing levels of ethereal extract. These changes may cause significant deficiencies in the mobilization of water and nutrients to the embryo, affecting the development and reproductive success of P. expansa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Dos Santos Mendonça
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicologia Aplicada ao Meio Ambiente, Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
| | - Lucélia Gonçalves Vieira
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Morfologia e Ontogenia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília (UNB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Qualhato
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Morfologia e Ontogenia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Laboratório de Anatomia Animal e Comparada (LAANAC), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Neves de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Quagliatto Santos
- Organização Não Governamental - Preservação dos Animais Silvestres do Brasil - ONG PAS do Brasil, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Evandro de Abreu Fernandes
- Laboratório de Nutrição Animal (LAMRA/UFU), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aplicada ao Meio Ambiente, Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação dos Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Denis Vieira Andrade
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Mendonça JDS, Hirano LQL, Santos ALQ, de Melo E Silva D, de Castro Pereira C, Costa MS, de Lima PN, Araújo APDC, Malafaia G, Ambrósio IS, de Moura Bife Castilho L, Dos Santos ALR, de Faria AM, de Andrade DV, Vieira LG. The exposure in ovo of embryos belonging to Amazonian turtle species Podocnemis expansa (Testudines) to commercial glyphosate and fipronil formulations impairs their growth and changes their skeletal development. Sci Total Environ 2022; 842:156709. [PMID: 35718176 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in agricultural production; moreover, they can have direct and indirect effect on both flora and fauna. Aquatic organisms, among other animals, including reptiles, are mainly susceptible to contamination effects. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that the incubation of Podocnemis expansa eggs in substrate added with glyphosate and fipronil formulations changes their viability, interferes with their growth and induces bone alterations. Eggs collected in natural environment were artificially incubated in sand moistened with water added with glyphosate Atar 48, at concentrations of 65 or 6500 μg/L (groups G1 and G2, respectively), and with fipronil Regent 800 WG at 4 or 400 μg/L (groups F1 and F2, respectively) or, yet, with the combination of 65 μg/L glyphosate and 4 μg/L fipronil, or with 6500 μg/L glyphosate and 400 μg/L fipronil (groups GF1 and GF2, respectively). The level of exposure to the herein assessed pesticides was quantified at the end of the incubation period; it was done by dosing its concentration in eggshells. Eggs exposed to the tested pesticides did not have their viability affected by it; however, all embryos exposed to the tested pesticides showed lowered body mass at hatch, as well as impaired development. In addition, bone malformation in the scleral ossicular ring was observed in individuals in groups F1, F2 and GF1. Pesticides accumulated in eggshells at concentrations related to exposure level. Thus, the recorded results have evidenced some remarkably relevant, and previously unknown, impacts associated with the exposure of a species listed as lower risk/conservation dependent, which spends most of its life in the water, to two widely used pesticides, at a very sensitive stage of its life, namely: egg incubation on land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Dos Santos Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Evolução e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília (UNB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Quagliatto Santos
- Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Animais Silvestres, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Laboratório de Genética e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Castro Pereira
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Morfologia e Ontogenia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Matheus Santos Costa
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Morfologia e Ontogenia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Phâmella Neres de Lima
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Morfologia e Ontogenia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Amplicada ao Meio Ambiente, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação dos Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Amplicada ao Meio Ambiente, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação dos Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Instituição Federal Goiano e Universidade Federal de Goiás, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabela Sayuri Ambrósio
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Lais de Moura Bife Castilho
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Anizio Marcio de Faria
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Denis Vieira de Andrade
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Gonçalves Vieira
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Morfologia e Ontogenia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Zaniboni MS, Viotto-Souza W, Samora DGA, Bernardes FCS, Santos ALQ, Carvalho ADD, Souza-Junior PD. Angioarchitecture of the coronary arteries in Mazama gouazoubira (G. Fischer, 1814). AVB 2021. [DOI: 10.21708/avb.2021.15.4.10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mazama gouazoubira is a widely distributed deer in the South American continent. However, studies on its anatomical characteristics are still scarce. The objective of this study was to elucidate the coronary circulation of M. gouazoubira. With this aim, after collecting cadavers on highways, twenty-four hearts injected with latex and preserved in formaldehyde at 10% were dissected. The dissections revealed that all specimens presented left coronary dominance, characterized by the origin of the subsinuous interventricular branch from the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. The number of ventricular branches originated from branches of the left coronary artery was approximately five times higher than that of the right coronary artery. The occurrence of myocardial bridges was registered in 91.7% of the individuals, with bridges predominating over the paraconal interventricular branch. The mean length of the paraconal interventricular sulcus was significantly higher in males (p = 0.02). The number of atrial branches and ventricular branches, length of myocardial bridges and length of subsinuous interventricular sulcus did not vary significantly between sex. Left coronary dominance and high frequency of myocardial bridges in M. gouazoubira are preponderant anatomical traits also present in different species of Ruminantia suborder. Coronary dominance studies in other South American deer species may confirm the correlation of this trait with the evolutionary history of these animals.
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Úngari LP, Vieira DHMD, Santos ALQ, Silva RJD, O'Dwyer LH. Myxobolus spp. (Cnidaria: Myxobolidae) in the circulating blood of fishes from Goiás and Mato Grosso States, Brazil: case report. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e242823. [PMID: 34133567 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.242823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxosporidiosis is an infectious disease caused by myxozoans of the Phylum Cnidaria, Class Myxosporea, and Order Bivalvulida, considered a common parasite in fresh and saltwater fishes that parasitize many organs, especially gills. In the present study, 49 specimens of fishes belonging to eight genera: Tetragonopterus, Leporinus, Myleus, Pirinampus, Rhapiodon, Pygocentrus, Ageneiosus, and Serrasalmus were collected and blood smears were made, fixed with absolute methanol, and stained with Giemsa 10% to survey hemoparasites. However, myxospores were found in the circulating blood of five (10.20%) fishes belonging to genus Tetragonopterus, Myleus, and Pygocentrus. Two morphological types of Myxobolus spp. were identified in all the five fish specimens analyzed. Usually, investigations on myxozoans in fish are carried out with the search for plasmodia or cysts in the fish organs and observation of the cavity of organs. Nevertheless, this study highlights the importance of also examining the blood of these animals, since these parasites can cause severe pathogenic diseases in fish. Thus, the blood analyses can proportionate preventive sanitary control for commercial fish avoiding economic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Úngari
- Setor de Parasitologia, Departamento de Bioestatística, Biologia vegetal, Parasitologia e Zoologia - DBBVPZ, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - D H M D Vieira
- Setor de Parasitologia, Departamento de Bioestatística, Biologia vegetal, Parasitologia e Zoologia - DBBVPZ, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - A L Q Santos
- Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Animais Silvestres - LAPAS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - R J da Silva
- Setor de Parasitologia, Departamento de Bioestatística, Biologia vegetal, Parasitologia e Zoologia - DBBVPZ, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - L H O'Dwyer
- Setor de Parasitologia, Departamento de Bioestatística, Biologia vegetal, Parasitologia e Zoologia - DBBVPZ, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Úngari LP, Netherlands EC, Quagliatto Santos AL, Paulino de Alcantara E, Emmerich E, da Silva RJ, O'Dwyer LH. New insights on the diversity of Brazilian anuran blood parasites: With the description of three new species of Hepatozoon (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) from Leptodactylidae anurans. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2021; 14:190-201. [PMID: 33898220 PMCID: PMC8056137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Amphibia are considered the most threatened vertebrate class globally, yet in Brazil they are also one of the more diverse and species rich groups. Although, in recent years there has been strong focus on amphibian related research, their parasites have not received the same attention. In Brazil, only a single species of Hepatozoon, namely H. leptodactyli (Lesage, 1908) Pessoa, 1970, has been described from anuran hosts. The present study aimed to describe three new species of Hepatozoon parasitising Leptodactylus labyrinthicus and Leptodactylus latrans from Mato Grosso State, Brazil. From 66 anurans screened for haemogregarines, four belonging to the Leptodactylidae were found positive for species of Hepatozoon. Based on the morphological analysis of peripheral blood gamonts and spleen and liver tissue meronts, three different morphotypes of Hepatozoon spp. were identified. Morphotype 1 (M1) and morphotype 2 (M2) in L. labyrinthicus and morphotype 3 (M3) in L. latrans. Molecular data based on partial 18S rDNA sequences revealed an interspecific divergence, between the species ranging from 0.43% to 1.16%. Phylogenetic analysis recovered isolates from the present study monophyletic with other isolates from Brazilian reptile and anuran hosts, sister to a clade comprising species isolated from African, North American and European reptile and anuran host species. Thus, using morphological and molecular analysis three new species infecting Brazilian Leptodactylidae anurans were identified and described. This study increases the knowledge of Brazilian anurans blood parasites and demonstrates the importance of using integrative approaches for diagnosis of hemoparasites. Diversity and phylogenetic relationship of haemogregarines from Brazilian anurans. Description of a three new species of Hepatozoon from Brazilian anurans. First report of species of Hepatozoon descriptions using both morphological and molecular approaches from Brazilian anurans. Merogonic data of Hepatozoon spp. infection on Brazilian anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Pereira Úngari
- Setor de Parasitologia, DBBVPZ, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista- UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edward C Netherlands
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - André Luiz Quagliatto Santos
- Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Animais Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edna Paulino de Alcantara
- Setor de Parasitologia, DBBVPZ, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista- UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enzo Emmerich
- Setor de Parasitologia, DBBVPZ, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista- UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo José da Silva
- Setor de Parasitologia, DBBVPZ, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista- UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia Helena O'Dwyer
- Setor de Parasitologia, DBBVPZ, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista- UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Souza Junior P, Souza Pahim AB, Viotto‐Souza W, Pellenz J, Bernardes FCS, Abidu‐Figueiredo M, Santos ALQ. Evolutionary history or function? Which preponderates in the expression of the muscle mass of the thoracic limb in wild carnivorans? Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 304:1344-1356. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Souza Junior
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Uruguaiana RS Brazil
| | | | - Wilson Viotto‐Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy Presidente Antonio Carlos University (UNIPAC) Uberlândia RS Brazil
- Laboratory of Wild Animals Teaching and Research Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) Uberlândia MG Brazil
| | - Jade Pellenz
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Uruguaiana RS Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Abidu‐Figueiredo
- Department of Animal Biology, Animal Anatomy Area Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) Seropédica RJ Brazil
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Gonçalves GL, Medina DS, Bohorquez Grondona KE, Quagliatto Santos AL, Bohórquez Mahecha GA. Topographic Relationships of the Peritoneal Canal of Testudines, Crocodylia, and Aves: Evolutionary Implications. South American Journal of Herpetology 2021. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-18-00061.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Leite Gonçalves
- Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Douglas Sales Medina
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Marcadores Moleculares, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Katerin Elena Bohorquez Grondona
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Quagliatto Santos
- Hospital veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila 2121, Campus Santa Mônica, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Germán Arturo Bohórquez Mahecha
- Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Martins NB, Ferreira LAR, Queiroz CL, Buiatte ABG, Correia Lima AM, De Souza RR, Oliveira WJ, Santos ALQ. Caseous Stomatitis Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Boa constrictor amarali. ACTA SCI VET 2021. [DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.105257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that belongs to the microbiota of snakes, but it may also be an opportunistic pathogen and contaminate humans through fecal contact, bites, and injuries. In snakes, this microorganism may present high pathogenicity at certain conditions and have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Reports of infection of Boa constrictor by this pathogen are rare. Thus, this study aimed to describe the P. aeruginosa oral infection in a snake specimen (Boa constrictor amarali), approaching the isolation and identification of the infectious agents involved, the antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance, and the therapeutic protocol adopted.Case: A free-living adult female specimen of Boa constrictor amarali (Amaral's boa), with no described previous history was rescued in an urban area by the Environmental Police. Clinical evaluations showed structures of caseous aspect in the oral cavity, with hyperemia spots in the mucosa. Samples of these lesions were sent for mycological examination, and fungal forms were not found. Samples were collected for isolation and culture. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated microorganisms was determined by the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. P. aeruginosa was isolated and showed susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin, and polymyxin-B; intermediate susceptibility to azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin; and resistance to cephalexin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, and enrofloxacin. The treatment consisted of cleaning of the oral cavity, local infiltration of lidocaine for debridement of the caseous area that were later cauterized with iodine. Systemic antibiotic therapy was used, with intramuscular administration of amikacin (5 mg/kg) for the first dose and (2.5 mg/kg) for the other doses with intervals of 72 h, and oral administration of metronidazole (20 mg/kg) with intervals of 48 h, both during 21 days. Daily subcutaneous fluid therapy was performed as support treatment, using Lactated Ringer's solution (25 mg/kg) and Vitamin C (10 mg/kg) with intervals of 24 h, being the cure observed at the end of treatment.Discussion: This paper presents the pathological findings of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa oral infection in a B. constrictor amarali. This bacterium is an opportunistic pathogen that is commonly found in snakes, thus, humans in contact with these animals may be contaminated with this pathogen. However, oral cavity lesions associated with P. aeruginosa had not yet been related to Boa constrictor amarali, which is a non-venomous species. Few bacteria associated with reptile diseases are primary causative agents. Clinical bacterial infections generally tend to be secondary to viral infections. Predisposing factors for the development of bacterial diseases in these reptiles include immunodepression, malnutrition, poor adaptation to captivity, and the maintenance of these animals at temperatures and humidities outside their thermal comfort range. In the present study, the P. aeruginosa behaved as an opportunistic pathogen, resulting in clinical manifestations with caseous lesions in the oral cavity, probably due to an imbalance of the microbiota caused by stress or immunodepression. The antibiogram allowed the adoption of a correct therapeutic protocol based on the susceptibility of the pathogen, resulting in remission of lesions and clinical signs after 21 days of treatment.
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Úngari LP, Netherlands EC, Quagliatto Santos AL, de Alcantara EP, Emmerich E, da Silva RJ, O’Dwyer LH. A new species, Dactylosoma piperis n. sp. (Apicomplexa, Dactylosomatidae), from the pepper frog Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Parasite 2020; 27:73. [PMID: 33332263 PMCID: PMC7746082 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dactylosomatidae Jakowska and Negrelli, 1955 are one of four families belonging to adeleorinid coccidia and comprise the genera Babesiosoma Jakowska and Nigrelli, 1956 and Dactylosoma Labbé, 1894. These blood protozoa occur in peripheral blood of lower vertebrates, and are commonly reported parasitising amphibians. The present study describes Dactylosoma piperis n. sp. from the pepper frog Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Leptodactylidae), collected in 2018 at the municipality of Araguaiana, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, based on morphology of intra-erythrocytic trophozoite, primary and secondary merogonic stages and a molecular analysis (partial 18S rDNA). Dactylosoma piperis n. sp. forms a well-supported clade with other Dactylosomatidae. This is the first molecular characterization of a species of Dactylosoma from a Brazilian anuran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Pereira Úngari
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Setor de Parasitologia, DBBVPZ, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior Botucatu CEP 18.618-970 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Edward Charles Netherlands
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Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - André Luiz Quagliatto Santos
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Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Animais Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia CEP 38.400-902 Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Edna Paulino de Alcantara
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Setor de Parasitologia, DBBVPZ, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior Botucatu CEP 18.618-970 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Enzo Emmerich
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Setor de Parasitologia, DBBVPZ, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior Botucatu CEP 18.618-970 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Reinaldo José da Silva
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Setor de Parasitologia, DBBVPZ, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior Botucatu CEP 18.618-970 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Lucia Helena O’Dwyer
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Setor de Parasitologia, DBBVPZ, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Junior Botucatu CEP 18.618-970 São Paulo Brazil
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de Oliveira JSP, Vieira LG, Carvalho WF, de Souza MB, de Lima Rodrigues AS, Simões K, de Melo De Silva D, Dos Santos Mendonça J, Hirano LQL, Santos ALQ, Malafaia G. Mutagenic, genotoxic and morphotoxic potential of different pesticides in the erythrocytes of Podocnemis expansa neonates. Sci Total Environ 2020; 737:140304. [PMID: 32783869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the damaging effects of pesticides glyphosate (Gly), atrazine (Atra) and fipronil (Fip) on different organisms, the mutagenic, genotoxic and morphotoxic potential of testudine erythrocytes in freshwater remains unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess the toxicological potential of these compounds in Podocnemis expansa (Amazonian turtles) neonates from eggs artificially incubated in substrate at different concentrations of herbicides Gly and Atra and insecticide Fip. Micronucleus test and other nuclear abnormalities, as well as comet assay and morphometric measurements taken of models' circulating erythrocytes were used as toxicity biomarkers. Pups exposed to Gly (groups Gly-65 ppb and Gly-6500 ppb) were the ones recording the largest amount of nuclear abnormalities; erythrocytes with multilobulated, notched and displaced nucleus were mostly frequent in groups Atra-2 ppb and Gly -65 ppb. All treatments (Gly-6500 ppb, Atra-2 ppb, Atra-200 ppb, Fip-4 ppb and Fip-400 ppb), except for group Gly-65 ppb, led to decreased erythrocyte area, increased "nuclear area: erythrocyte area" ratio, as well as to decreased erythrocyte and erythrocyte nuclei circularity, which highlights the clear effect on the size and shape of these cells. On the other hand, the comet assay did not evidence any genotoxic effect caused by the assessed pesticides. This is a pioneer study on the mutagenic and morphotoxic potential of pesticides in P. expansa eclodides exposed in ovo to Gly, Atra and Fip; therefore, it is an insight on how these compounds can affect the health of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Silonardo Pereira de Oliveira
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí, Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Wanessa Fernandes Carvalho
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, ICB I - Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marcelino Benvindo de Souza
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, ICB I - Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí, Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Karina Simões
- Morphology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo De Silva
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, ICB I - Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí, Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
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14
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Neto AM, Viotto-de-Souza W, Fromme L, Domingues MG, Guimarães LP, Silva TA, Santos ALQ. Craniometry in Cerdocyon thous (Carnivora, Canidae). INT J MORPHOL 2020. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022020000300640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Úngari LP, Vieira DHMD, da Silva RJ, Santos ALQ, de Azevedo RK, O’Dwyer LH. A new myxozoan species Henneguya unitaeniata sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) on gills of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus from Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:3327-3336. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Souza Junior P, Viotto‐Souza W, Mendes VP, Bernardes FCS, Anjos BL, Abidu‐Figueiredo M, Santos ALQ. Clavicle in Carnivorans: A Forgotten Bone. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1831-1841. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Souza Junior
- Laboratory of Animal AnatomyFederal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Uruguaiana RS Brazil
| | - Wilson Viotto‐Souza
- Laboratory of Wild Animals Teaching and ResearchFederal University of Uberlândia (UFU) Uberlândia MG Brazil
- Laboratory of Animal AnatomyPresidente Antonio Carlos University (UNIPAC) Uberlândia RS Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pereira Mendes
- Laboratory of Veterinary PathologyFederal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Uruguaiana RS Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Leite Anjos
- Laboratory of Veterinary PathologyFederal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Uruguaiana RS Brazil
| | - Marcelo Abidu‐Figueiredo
- Department of Animal Biology, Animal Anatomy AreaFederal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) Seropédica RJ Brazil
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Hirano LQL, Alves LDS, Menezes-Reis LT, Mendonça JDS, Simões K, Santos ALQ, Vieira LG. Effects of egg exposure to atrazine and/or glyphosate on bone development in Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines, Podocnemididae). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 182:109400. [PMID: 31276883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate skeletal changes in Podocnemis unifilis embryos derived from artificially incubated eggs exposed to different concentrations of atrazine, glyphosate or atrazine and glyphosate mixture. Forty-two eggs were randomly allocated to one of seven trays containing vermiculite treated distilled water (control group) or the following solutions: 2 or 200 μg L-1 of atrazine (groups A1 and A2 respectively); 65 or 6500 μg L-1 of glyphosate (groups G1 and G2 respectively); 2 μg L-1 and 65 μg L-1 or 200 μg L-1 and 6500 μg L-1 of atrazine and glyphosate mixture (groups AG1 and AG2 respectively). Three eggs per tray were randomly collected on days 30 and 50 of the incubation period. Embryos were submitted to soft tissue diaphanization and stained with Alizarin red S or Alcian blue for morphological analysis of bone and cartilage tissues; histological analysis was performed to confirm ossification changes. Findings were compared between groups. Morphological changes were limited to sclerotic ring features and number of ribs. Malformations rates differed significantly (p < 0.05) between embryos in the control and treated groups A2, AG1 and AG2. Concurrent exposure to atrazine and glyphosate did not affect the presence or severity of embryonic malformations and was not associated with appendicular skeleton changes in P. unifilis embryos. However, further studies focusing on the axial skeleton with particular emphasis on rib abnormalities are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karina Simões
- (b)Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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18
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Freitas LM, Dos Santos OP, Santos ALQ, de Melo FR, Silveira L, Jácomo ATDA, Pereira KF, Lima FC. Brain anatomy of two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus, Linnaeus, 1758): A comparative gross anatomical study of extant xenarthrans. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 49:130-143. [PMID: 31588601 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The neural system plays an important role in understanding some features of animals. Anatomical complexity correlates with the increase of functional capacity. Xenarthrans include anteaters (Vermilingua), armadillos (Cingulata) and sloths (Folivora). This group is the base of eutherian mammals, and understanding the anatomy of its neural system could provide data for functional and evolutionary interpretations. The gross anatomy of the xenarthran brain is recorded. Four extant families of Pilosa and two families of Cingulata were sampled. Usual dissection procedures were used, and the brains were analysed macroscopically. The brain of two-toed sloth, three-toed sloth, six-banded armadillo, giant anteater and collared anteater are gyrencephalic. Pygmy anteater, nine-banded armadillo, great long-nosed armadillo, southern naked-tailed armadillo and giant armadillo are lissencephalic. In most species, the rhinal fissure presents two segments, rostral and caudal (except in Vermilingua and three-toed sloth). The diencephalon and brainstem present similar anatomy. The cerebellum is wide and presents four lobes (rostral, central, caudal and floccular). Its average volume is 12.16% (Folivora), 14.26% (Vermilingua) and 18.61% (Cingulata). Among these groups, there is a statistical difference between Folivora/Cingulata concerning the cerebellum average. The general pattern of the brain of the xenarthrans is similar to that of other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Menezes Freitas
- Laboratory of Human and Comparative Anatomy, Department of Morphology, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Brazil
| | - Odeony Paulo Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Genetics Diversity, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Quagliatto Santos
- Wild Animal Research and Teaching Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo
- Laboratory of Human and Comparative Anatomy, Department of Morphology, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kleber Fernando Pereira
- Laboratory of Human and Comparative Anatomy, Department of Morphology, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Campos Lima
- Laboratory of Human and Comparative Anatomy, Department of Morphology, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Brazil
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Carneiro IV, Gonçalves Vieira L, Dos Santos Mendonça J, Queiroz Luz Hirano L, Chavauty Valdes SA, Tannús Menezes-Reis L, Quagliatto Santos AL. Development of scleral ossicles in Podocnemis expansa (Testudines: Podocnemididae) embryos exposed to atrazine. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:353-358. [PMID: 31195844 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1598427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of atrazine exposure on embryo development in oviparous animals may provide important data regarding the impacts of agrochemical use on wildlife and the ecosystem. This study set out to determine the effects of embryonic atrazine exposure on the development of osseous and cartilaginous components of scleral ossicles in Podocnemis expansa. Eggs were collected at the Environmental Protection Area Meandros do Rio Araguaia, Brazil, and artificially incubated in sand treated with solutions containing 2, 20 or 200 µg/L of atrazine. Sixty embryos were collected per treatment throughout the incubation period. Embryos were diaphanized with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and stained with Alizarin Red S and Alcian blue (bone and cartilage tissue respectively). Scleral ossicles were then counted and examined for skeletal abnormalities at different stages of embryonic development. Scleral ossicle counts were significantly reduced in P. expansa embryos treated with 200 μg/L atrazine solution. Rudimentary ossicles and gaps were also noted in embryos exposed to atrazine concentrations of 2 μg/L or 200 μg/L. Findings of this study emphasize the relevance of ecotoxicological investigations in determining the impacts of agrochemicals on native fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Vieira Carneiro
- Laboratory of Wildlife Education and Research, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health, Federal University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Tannús Menezes-Reis
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Quagliatto Santos
- Laboratory of Wildlife Education and Research, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Scognamillo-Szabó MVR, Santos ALQ, Olegário MMM, Andrade MB. Acupuncture for Locomotor Disabilities in a South American Red-Footed Tortoise (Geochelone Carbonaria) – a Case Report. Acupunct Med 2018; 26:243-7. [DOI: 10.1136/aim.26.4.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The literature contains numerous reports of the effect of acupuncture on domestic or experimental animals, but only a few involving wild animals. This paper reports on acupuncture treatment for locomotor disabilities in a South American red-footed tortoise ( Geochelone carbonaria, SPIX, 1824), an endangered land tortoise found in Brazil's Cerrado region. The animal was captured and kept in an aquatic pen, subsequently developing respiratory symptoms and locomotor disabilities. The respiratory symptoms resolved in response to antibiotic treatment. However, despite the use of nutritional supplements, the motor symptoms remained unchanged. After 16 months, the tortoise was given six acupuncture sessions. No other changes were made to its environment or management. The location of the acupuncture points was transposed from canine charts. After acupuncture, the animal's motor functions, which had remained unchanged during the preceding 16 months, were restored, enabling it to eat and walk unaided. The improvement persisted during 18 months follow up. The transposition of acupuncture points from canine charts is a viable alternative for chelonians.
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21
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de Souza Junior P, Santos LMRPD, Viotto-Souza W, de Carvalho NDC, Souza EC, Kasper CB, Abidu-Figueiredo M, Santos ALQ. Functional myology of the thoracic limb in Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus): a descriptive and comparative analysis. J Anat 2018; 233:783-806. [PMID: 30318591 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of the muscles of the thoracic limb were evaluated in 22 specimens of Lycalopex gymnocercus. Descriptive and comparative analyses showed similarity with other canids in terms of topography and tendon insertions. Differences with the domestic dog were observed in the pectoralis profundus, triceps brachii and interflexorii muscles. Intraspecific variations were observed in the rhomboideus capitis, serratus ventralis cervicis, extensor carpi radialis, extensor digiti I and II, lumbricales, flexor digiti I brevis, abductor digiti I brevis, and flexor digiti V muscles. The analyses of muscle architecture carried out in nine specimens showed that there was no difference in muscle percentage mass in the thoracic limb of males and females, but a young specimen showed significant lower percentage mass. The triceps brachii caput longus muscle showed the greatest mass, the subscapularis muscle showed the greatest physiological cross-sectional area value, and the extrinsic muscles, in general, presented the longest fascicles and higher architectural indexes. Muscle architecture data were compatible with those of a thoracic limb adapted to fast cursorial locomotion that prioritizes movements in a sagittal plane instead of rotation or adduction/abduction. There was a high association between functional percentage mass of the muscles in the thoracic limb and phylogeny in the Carnivora order. It may be inferred that carnivoran muscle mass is largely determined by phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo de Souza Junior
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Wild Animals Teaching and Research (LAPAS), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Wilson Viotto-Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Wild Animals Teaching and Research (LAPAS), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Natan da Cruz de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, Regional University of Campaign (URCAMP), Alegrete, RS, Brazil
| | - Erick Candiota Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Benhur Kasper
- Birds and Mammals Laboratory (LABIMAVE), Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Abidu-Figueiredo
- Department of Animal and Human Anatomy, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Quagliatto Santos
- Laboratory of Wild Animals Teaching and Research (LAPAS), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Úngari LP, Santos ALQ, Paiva GCM, Mota KCP, Borges LFDA, Cury MC. Concomitant infection of Haemogregarina sp. and Staphylococcus aureus in free-living yellow-spotted river turtle (Podocnemis unifilis): case report. AVS 2018. [DOI: 10.5380/avs.v23i3.59102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Úngari LP, Santos ALQ, O’Dwyer LH, da Silva MRL, Rodrigues Santos TC, da Cunha MJR, de Melo Costa Pinto R, Cury MC. Molecular characterization and identification of Hepatozoon species Miller, 1908 (Apicomplexa: Adeleina: Hepatozoidae) in captive snakes from Brazil. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3857-3865. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Martins NB, Ferreira LAR, Da Silva TSG, Alves ACDAMCDA, Santos ALQ, Bizare A, De Souza RR, Medeiros AA. Hepatic Lipidosis Due to Obesity in a Free-Living Snake (Boa constrictor amarali). ACTA SCI VET 2018. [DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.86254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Liver performs several important functions to the maintenance of physiological mechanisms. Some liver diseases may directly affect anatomical and physiological aspects of this organ, and may lead to a permanent liver injury. In snakes, the most common causes of liver disease are infections, however, approaches on non-infectious liver diseases are scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe macroscopically and microscopically liver alterations in a Boa constrictor amarali snake.Case: A adult male boa (Boa constrictor amarali) snake of 110 cm of length and weight of 3.270 kg from free-living conditions, and without previous history was rescued in an urban area and taken by the Environmental Police to the Laboratory for Teaching and Research in Wild Animals (LAPAS) of the Federal University of Uberlândia’s (UFU) Veterinary Hospital, in Uberlândia MG, Brazil. The animal died and a significant amount of adipose tissue was found throughout the extension of the coelomic cavity at necropsy, limiting the visualization of its internal organs. Fragments of altered organs were collected and packed in a universal collector containing a 10% buffered formalin solution. These samples were sent to the Animal Pathology Laboratory (LPA) of the UFU. Macroscopically, the stomach presented a reddish mucosa, and mucous contents. The liver was pale, with a yellowish color and a friable consistency. Microscopically, dilated hepatic sinusoids filled with red blood cells were observed; the hepatocytes were enlarged, and its cytoplasm were filled with vacuoles ofvaried sizes that did not stain (severe diffuse lipidosis). It was also found occurrence of multifocal areas with loss of tissue architecture, and hepatocytes in karyolysis, charactering necrosis; and a discrete amount of multifocal mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate (multifocal hepatitis).Discussion: Obesity is connected to the occurrence of hepatic steatosis, since snakes are ectothermic animals that depend on environmental factors to maintain their metabolic rates. Obesity is a common problem in reptiles kept in captivity because they usually have constantly available food and little space to move. However, this was also observed in this study in a free-living animal found in an urbanized environment. Urbanization provides greater availability of food, and the animal does not need to go long distances to find a pray; this causes greater gain of body weight. Reptiles subjected to hot environments lose weight rapidly due to their relatively high metabolic rates. However, when subjected to low temperatures, they have a decrease in metabolism, compromising absorption, digestion, and liver metabolism, which causes fat accumulation. The animal under study is sedentary and it is a marked characteristic of this species; this strengthen the hypothesis that the animal moved little to feed because it was in an environment with high availability of prey. The animal presented accumulation of fat throughout the coelomic cavity, causing the rate of accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocytes to exceed its metabolic degradation rate, resulting in steatosis. The early diagnosis of hepatic alterations favors the appropriatetreatment, allowing the prevention of irreversible damage to this organ, and avoid the animal’s death.Keywords: ectotherm, hepatocellular lipidosis, snakes, amaral’s boa, hepatic steatosis.
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Úngari LP, Santos ALQ, O’Dwyer LH, da Silva MRL, de Melo Fava NN, Paiva GCM, de Melo Costa Pinto R, Cury MC. Haemogregarina podocnemis sp. nov.: description of a new species of Haemogregarina Danilewsky 1885 (Adeleina: Haemogregarinaidae) in free-living and captive yellow-spotted river turtles Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines: Podocnemididae) from Brazil. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:1535-1548. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vieira LG, Lima FC, Mendonôa SHST, Menezes LT, Hirano LQL, Santos ALQ. Ontogeny of the Postcranial Axial Skeleton of Melanosuchus niger (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 301:607-623. [PMID: 29150983 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study proposes the description of the development of the postcranial axial skeleton, including vertebrae, gastralium, ribs, sternum, and interclavicle, in Melanosuchus niger. Six nests were marked and two eggs removed from each nest at 24-hr intervals until hatching. For posthatching evaluation, 30 hatchlings were kept in captivity and one exemplar was euthanized at three-day intervals. Samples were diaphanized using potassium hydroxide (KOH), alizarin red S, and Alcian blue. A routinely generally used method was applied for histological evaluation. It was difficult to define in which vertebrae the development of cartilaginous centers began, but it was possible to observe that this condensation advanced in the craniocaudal direction. The condensation started in the vertebral arches and was visibly stronger in the cervical and dorsal regions, advancing to the lumbar, sacral and, last, to the caudal region. The atlas showed a highly different morphology compared with the other cervical vertebrae, with a short intercenter, two neural arches, and a proatlas. The ossification process began in the body of cervical vertebrae III to VIII and alizarin retention decreased in the last vertebrae, indicating a craniocaudal direction in bone development, similar to cartilage formation. In the histological sections of gastralium and interclavicles of M. niger at several development stages, it was possible to observe that these elements showed intramembranous development. Anat Rec, 301:607-623, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- LucéLia Gonçalves Vieira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Bloco 2B, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais CEP 38400-902 - CP 592, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Campos Lima
- Federal University of Goiás, Rodovia BR 364, Km 192. Setor Industrial, Jataí, Goiás CEP 75801615, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Tannús Menezes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Bloco 2B, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais CEP 38400-902 - CP 592, Brazil
| | - Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano
- University Center of Triângulo, Av. Raulino Cotta Pacheco, 70, apto 201, Osvaldo Resende, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais CEP 38400-370, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Quagliatto Santos
- Laboratory for Teaching and Research on Wild Animals, Federal University of Uberlândia, Rua Piauí, s/n, 4S, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
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Pereira HC, Gomes DO, Hirano LQL, Santos ALQ, Lima AMC. Oral microbiota in healthy Bothrops atrox (Serpentes: Viperidae) and in snakes with stomatitis. AVB 2017. [DOI: 10.21708/avb.2017.11.0.7157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Souza Junior P, Ribeiro MGF, Dutra LJ, Mattos KD, Carvalho NDCD, Abidu-Figueiredo M, Santos ALQ. Osteología del Miembro Torácico de la Corzuela Parda Mazama gouazoubira (G. Fischer, 1814) (Cetartiodactyla: Cervidae). INT J MORPHOL 2017. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022017000300031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Viotto-Souza W, Souza Junior PD, Carvalho ADD, Abidu-Figueiredo M, Santos ALQ. Coronary Irrigation in Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae). INT J MORPHOL 2017. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022017000300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Campos Lima F, Luiz Quagliatto Santos A, De Mattos Santa Rita R, Kelly Sabec Pereira D, Gonçalves Vieira L, Martins da Silva Junior L, Sarzenski TM, Rodrigues AP, Araújo Cabral P, Pereira KF. Ontogenia dos ossos da cintura peitoral e membros torácicos em embriões de Podocnemis unifilis / Bone ontogeny of the pectoral girdle and thoracic members of the Podocnemis unifilis embryos. Rev Biol Neot 2017. [DOI: 10.5216/rbn.v13i2.31394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Os Testudines abrangem um grupo restrito que combinam aspectos primitivos e derivados, por exemplo, no esqueleto de seus membros. Para descrever a ontogenia do esqueleto da cintura peitoral e membros torácicos de Podocnemis unifilis, sessenta e seis embriões foram clareados e os ossos corados para a evidenciação da sequência de formação de seu esqueleto, que começa concomitantemente pelos ossos úmero, rádio e ulna, no estágio 20, estando todos os ossos da cintura peitoral com centros de ossificação corados no final deste estágio, mesmo período onde os metacarpos também se ossificam, primeiro pelos MCIV e MCIII, seguido para os ossos MCII>MCI>MCV. Entre os estágio 21 e 22 todas as falanges apresentam centros de ossificação marcados com Alizarina, primeiro as falanges médias e distais, e por ultimo as proximais. Apenas no início do estágio 24 os carpos iniciam sua ossificação, primeiro com o osso intermédio do carpo, distal do carpo IV e central do carpo III, seguidos pelos demais até o estágio 25 onde o pisiforme é o ultimo a apresentar seu centro de ossificação. A cronologia dos eventos ontogênicos nas diferentes espécies de répteis pode diferir substancialmente, mas o padrão em P. unifilis é similar ao dos demais Testudines.
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Simone SBSD, Hirano LQL, Santos ALQ. EFEITOS DA ADMINSTRAÇÃO DO MIDAZOLAM EM DOSES DIFERENTES EM JIBOIAS Boa constrictor LINNAEUS, 1758 (SQUAMATA: BOIDAE). Ciênc anim bras 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v18e-22230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivou-se comparar os efeitos de duas doses de midazolam em Boa constrictor. Utilizaram-se 20 jiboias, divididas em dois grupos. O grupo 1 (G1), composto por dez animais, recebeu 1 mg/kg de midazolam e o grupo 2 (G2), também com dez animais, 2 mg/kg, pela via intracelomática. Os animais do G1 apresentaram déficit de tônus da cabeça, tônus muscular, manipulação e locomoção por 3,89 ± 1,18 horas e os representantes do G2 por 5,47 ± 2,08 horas. Nenhuma jiboia, em ambos os grupos, manifestou ausência de reação postural de endireitamento ou alcançaram sedação profunda; entretanto, observou-se redução da agressividade, intenso relaxamento muscular e uma dificuldade de serpentear em todos os exemplares. O tempo de retorno às condições pré-sedativas foi de 4,65 ± 1,22 horas para o G1 e de 6,2 ± 2,37 horas para o G2. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas avaliações da frequência cardíaca e respiratória entre os grupos. Concluiu-se assim que 1 mg/kg de midazolam provoca nas jiboias o mesmo efeito que 2 mg/kg, porém na menor dose o tempo de recuperação é menor, podendo ser utilizado para a contenção farmacológica de Boa constrictor, ou em associações que visem um efetivo relaxamento muscular.
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Santos ALQ, Paz BF, Barros RF, Nalla SF, Pereira TS. CRANIOMETRIA EM LOBOS-GUARÁ Chrysocyon brachyurus ILLIGER, 1815 (CARNIVORA, CANIDAE). Ciênc anim bras 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v18e-37693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram obter mensurações em crânios de Chrysocyon brachyurus adultos, caracterizar valores craniométricos para a espécie e observar se a classificação craniométrica de cães domésticos é adequada para o lobo-guará. Foram utilizados sete crânios de lobo-guará adultos, sem distinção de sexo. Determinou-se a localização de nove pontos craniométricos utilizados em cães domésticos para o lobo-guará. Os pontos foram referência para as 18 medidas craniométricas utilizadas para o cálculo de seis índices craniométricos. Os índices craniométricos são: cefálico 96,147 ± 3,89 mm, crânio facial 1,06 ± 0,20 mm, do neurocrânio 61,68 ± 1,83 mm, facial 100,06 ± 3,36 mm, basal 29,79 ± 1,18 mm, e do forame magno 89,25 ± 7,82 mm. A classificação em braquicefálico, dolicocefálico ou mesaticefálico não se adequa a Chrysocyon brachyurus.
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Pereira SG, Santos ALQ, Borges DCS, Queiroz PRR, Silva JORD. ANATOMIA ÓSSEA E MUSCULAR DA ESCAPULA E BRAÇO DE Chrysocyon brachyurus (CARNÍVORA, CANIDAE). Ciênc anim bras 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v17i439010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O Lobo-guará Chrysocyon brachyurus - Illiger, 1815, é o maior canídeo da América do Sul, distribuindo-se na região central desse continente, preferencialmente em biomas descampados. Pode atingir entre 20 e 33 kg e até 125 cm de altura. Encontra-se em ameaça de extinção. O conhecimento anatômico é de grande importância para a complementação das informações acerca das espécies silvestres e para implicações clínicas, cirúrgicas e conservacionistas. Objetivou-se descrever os ossos e respectivos acidentes ósseos pertencentes ao cíngulo do membro torácico da região braquial e respectivos músculos do lobo-guará, por meio dos procedimentos de dissecação em animais preservados em solução de formol a 10%. Os animais pertencem ao acervo didático do Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Animais Silvestres da UFU e são provenientes de atropelamentos. Os ossos são: escápula e úmero. Não foi observada a clavícula. Os músculos são: M. deltoide; M. supraespinhal; M. infraespinhal; M. redondo maior; M. redondo menor; M. tríceps braquial cabeças: lateral, acessória, longa e medial; M. ancôneo; M. bíceps braquial; M. subescapular; M. coracobraquial; M. tensor da fáscia do antebraço; M. braquial. A escápula e o braço têm acidentes específicos, porém são semelhantes aos dos cães domésticos. O úmero é reto. Os músculos apresentam algumas peculiaridades.
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de Souza Junior P, da Cruz de Carvalho N, de Mattos K, Abidu Figueiredo M, Luiz Quagliatto Santos A. Brachial Plexus in the Pampas Fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus): a Descriptive and Comparative Analysis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 300:537-548. [PMID: 27788289 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Twenty thoracic limbs of ten Lycalopex gymnocercus were dissected to describe origin and distribution of the nerves forming brachial plexuses. The brachial plexus resulted from the connections between the ventral branches of the last three cervical nerves (C6, C7, and C8) and first thoracic nerve (T1). These branches connected the suprascapular, subscapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves to the intrinsic musculature and connected the brachiocephalic, thoracodorsal, lateral thoracic, long thoracic, cranial pectoral and caudal pectoral nerves to the extrinsic musculature. The C7 ventral branches contribute most to the formation of the nerves (62.7%), followed by C8 (58.8%), T1 (40.0%) and C6 (24.6%). Of the 260 nerves dissected, 69.2% resulted from a combination of two or three branches, while only 30.8% originated from a single branch. The origin and innervation area of the pampas fox brachial plexus, in comparison with other domestic and wild species, were most similar to the domestic dog and wild canids from the neotropics. The results of this study can serve as a base for comparative morphofunctional analysis involving this species and development of nerve block techniques. Anat Rec, 300:537-548, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo de Souza Junior
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Wild Animals Teaching and Research, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Karine de Mattos
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Abidu Figueiredo
- Department of Animal Biology, Animal Anatomy Area, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Quagliatto Santos
- Laboratory of Wild Animals Teaching and Research, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Lima FC, Leite AV, Santos ALQ, Sabec-Pereira DK, Araújo EG, Pereira KF. MUSCULAR ANATOMY OF THE PECTORAL AND FORELIMB OF Caiman crocodilus crocodilus (LINNAEUS, 1758) (CROCODYLIA: ALLIGATORIDAE). Ciênc anim bras 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v17i233788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Among the Brazilian crocodilian, Caiman crocodilus crocodilus is widely distributed, given its adaptation to diverse habitats and their generalist diet. Information about the reproductive and ethological character of this species is abundant, whereas morphological data are still scarce. This study aimed to identify and report the muscles and their origin and the insertion into the pectoral and forelimb of C. crocodilus crocodilus. We used two male specimens, adults, belonging to the collection of the UFG - Jataí. We performed usual procedures for dissection and further individualization, withdrawal of members, and observation of muscle origins and insertions. The musculature of C. crocodilus crocodilus generally conservative is similar to C. latirostris and A. mississippiensis. The muscles of the pectoral girdle showed little variation among crocodilians. In the forelimb, the triceps muscle has five distinct heads and biceps has only one. The extensor and flexor surface of the hand showed similar topography to A. mississippiensis. We described some differences in the origin and insertion of certain muscles, as well as the classification and topography of some flexor and extensor muscles in the forearm segment. The distal segments showed more variations, which probably reflects the variety of locomotor habits among crocodilians.
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Ribeiro PRQ, Santos ALQ, Ribeiro LDA, Souza TAMD, Borges DCS, Souza RRD, Pereira SG. Movement anatomy of the gluteal region and thigh of the giant anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Myrmecophagidae: Pilosa). Pesq Vet Bras 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Locomotion reveals the displacement and behavior manner of the species in their daily needs. According to different needs of the several species, different locomotor patterns are adopted. The shapes and attachment points of muscles are important determinants of the movements performed and consequently, the locomotion and motion patterns of living beings. It was aimed to associate anatomical, kinesiology and biomechanics aspects of the gluteal region and thigh of the giant anteater to its moving characteristics and locomotor habits. It was used three specimens of Myrmecophaga tridactyla, settled in formaldehyde aqueous solution at 10% and subsequently, dissected using usual techniques in gross anatomy. The morphological characteristics of the gluteal region and thigh that influence the patterns of movement and locomotion of animals, were analyzed and discussed in light of literature. All muscles of the gluteal region and thigh of giant anteater show parallel arrangement of the muscular fibers, being flat or fusiform. These muscles are formed in the joint which the interpotent type biolever act. These morphological characteristics indicate a greater predominance of amplitude and movement speed at the expense of strength. On the other hand, features such as osteometric index and the observation of giant anteater motion indicate the opposite, what reflects this animal lack of expertise in locomotor habits and shows the need of future realization of more detailed studies in this subject.
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Mendonça JDS, Vieira LG, Valdes SAC, Vilca FZ, Tornisielo VL, Santos ALQ. Effects of the exposure to atrazine on bone development of Podocnemis expansa (Testudines, Podocnemididae). Ecotoxicology 2016; 25:594-600. [PMID: 26850621 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides is a widely spread practice in Brazilian agriculture, and dispersion of these substances is an important factor for the fauna and flora. Atrazine is an endocrine disruptor in the xenoestrogen class that is used worldwide in agricultural practices. In Brazil, its use is permitted in several crops. Podocnemis expansa is a representative of the Testudines order that is the largest freshwater reptile of South America. Its distribution enables it to get in contact with molecules that are commonly used as pesticides, which may cause deleterious effects in target populations. In order to evaluate the possible effects of the exposure to atrazine on bone ontogeny of this species, eggs were artificially incubated in sand moistened with water contaminated with atrazine at concentrations equal to 0, 2, 20 or 200 μg/L. Embryos were collected throughout incubation and submitted to diaphanization of soft tissues with potassium hydroxide (KOH); bones were stained with Alizarin red S and cartilages by Alcian blue. Embryos were evaluated for the presence of abnormalities during the different stages of pre-natal development of skeletal elements. No effect of atrazine was observed on bone development during the embryonic phase in P. expansa individuals, in the conditions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana dos Santos Mendonça
- Wild Animal Research and Teaching Laboratory (LAPAS), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Rua Piaui, S/N, Campos Umuarama, Av. Jardim Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Lucélia Gonçalves Vieira
- Wild Animal Research and Teaching Laboratory (LAPAS), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Rua Piaui, S/N, Campos Umuarama, Av. Jardim Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Sady Alexis Chavauty Valdes
- Wild Animal Research and Teaching Laboratory (LAPAS), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Rua Piaui, S/N, Campos Umuarama, Av. Jardim Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Franz Zirena Vilca
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura da Universidade de São Paulo (CENA/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura da Universidade de São Paulo (CENA/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Quagliatto Santos
- Wild Animal Research and Teaching Laboratory (LAPAS), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Rua Piaui, S/N, Campos Umuarama, Av. Jardim Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38400-902, Brazil
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Rodrigues TCS, Santos ALQ, Lima AMC, Gomes DO, Cardoso GF, Brites VLC. Microscopic agglutination test on captive rattlesnakes : Data on serovars and titers. Data Brief 2016; 7:877-81. [PMID: 27077089 PMCID: PMC4816860 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is considered the “golden standard” leptospirosis serodiagnostic test, but there is little information about it as it pertains to snakes. To fill this information gap, we provide data on serovars and titers of fifty-six Crotalus durissus collilineatus sera samples that tested positive by MAT (10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.02.006 (Rodrigues et al., 2016) [5]). These data are presented in a table, along with a description of the methodology used for sample collection and serologic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C S Rodrigues
- Wildlife Teaching and Research Laboratory (LAPAS), College of Veterinary Medicine (FAMEV), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Avenida Amazonas 2245, Jardim Umuarama, 38405-302 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - A L Q Santos
- Wildlife Teaching and Research Laboratory (LAPAS), College of Veterinary Medicine (FAMEV), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Avenida Amazonas 2245, Jardim Umuarama, 38405-302 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - A M C Lima
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine (FAMEV), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Rua Ceará, s/n, Bloco 2D, Sala 33, Campus Umuarama, 38405-315 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - D O Gomes
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine (FAMEV), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Rua Ceará, s/n, Bloco 2D, Sala 33, Campus Umuarama, 38405-315 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - G F Cardoso
- Reptile Sector, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Rua Ceará, s/n, Bloco 2D, Campus Umuarama, 38405-315 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - V L C Brites
- Reptile Sector, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Rua Ceará, s/n, Bloco 2D, Campus Umuarama, 38405-315 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Caixeta BT, Monteiro EM, Rocha PVP, Santos ALQ. Concentrações bioquímicas séricas de jacaré-açú (Melanosuchus niger) machos, adultos de vida livre. Pesq Vet Bras 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015001300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo: O jacaré-açu (Melanosuchus niger), pertencendo à família Aligatoridae, é considerado o maior predador aquático da América Continental. Como todos os répteis, possui particularidades para o uso de energia, controlando sua temperatura corporal nas variações climáticas. Essas variações podem revelar a situação metabólica atual desse animal, justificando o estudo de tais parâmetros. A importância desse trabalho se justifica pela escassez de estudos disponíveis na literatura. Nesse sentido, determinamos o perfil bioquímico de compostos sanguíneos de 12 jacarés açu, com peso de 77,66±8,92 kg, os quais foram: uréia (3,41±0,66), albumina (24,85±0,63), proteína total (63,83±16,97), ácido úrico (0,25±0,09), glicose (6,99±0,77), colesterol total (2,20±0,27), triglicérides (0,58±0,07), TGO (138,83±9,16) e TGP (12,47±2,82).
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Valdes SAC, Vieira LG, Ferreira CH, Mendonça JDS, Ribeiro PRQ, Fernandes EDA, Santos ALQ. Effects of Exposure to Methyl Parathion on Egg Hatchability and Eggshell Chemical Composition inPodocnemis expansa(Testudines, Podocnemididae). Zoolog Sci 2015; 32:135-40. [DOI: 10.2108/zs140164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Silva ROS, D'Elia ML, Tostes Teixeira EP, Pereira PLL, de Magalhães Soares DF, Cavalcanti ÁR, Kocuvan A, Rupnik M, Santos ALQ, Junior CAO, Lobato FCF. Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens from wild carnivore species in Brazil. Anaerobe 2014; 28:207-11. [PMID: 24979683 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite some case reports, the importance of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile for wild carnivores remains unclear. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify C. perfringens and C. difficile strains in stool samples from wild carnivore species in Brazil. A total of 34 stool samples were collected and subjected to C. perfringens and C. difficile isolation. Suggestive colonies of C. perfringens were then analyzed for genes encoding the major C. perfringens toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon and iota) and the beta-2 toxin (cpb2), enterotoxin (cpe) and NetB (netb) genes. C. difficile strains were analyzed by multiplex-PCR for toxins A (tcdA) and B (tcdB) and a binary toxin gene (cdtB) and also submitted to a PCR ribotyping. Unthawed aliquots of samples positive for C. difficile isolation were subjected to the detection of A/B toxins by a cytotoxicity assay (CTA). C. perfringens was isolated from 26 samples (76.5%), all of which were genotyped as type A. The netb gene was not detected, whereas the cpb2 and cpe genes were found in nine and three C. perfringens strains, respectively. C. difficile was isolated from two (5.9%) samples. A non-toxigenic strain was recovered from a non-diarrheic maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Conversely, a toxigenic strain was found in the sample of a diarrheic ocelot (Leopardus pardallis); an unthawed stool sample was also positive for A/B toxins by CTA, indicating a diagnosis of C. difficile-associated diarrhea in this animal. The present work suggests that wild carnivore species could carry C. difficile strains and that they could be susceptible to C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31.270-901, Brazil.
| | - Mirella Lauria D'Elia
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Erika Procópio Tostes Teixeira
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Pedro Lúcio Lithg Pereira
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31.270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Álvaro Roberto Cavalcanti
- Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres (CRAS), Desembargador Leão Neto do Carmo Avenue S/N, Quadra 3, Lote 3, Campo Grande, MS 79.031-90, Brazil
| | | | - Maja Rupnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slovenia; National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Maribor, Slovenia; Center of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - André Luiz Quagliatto Santos
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Pará Avenue 1720, Jardim Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG 38.400-902, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Oliveira Junior
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Francisco Carlos Faria Lobato
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31.270-901, Brazil.
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Gimenes SNC, Ferreira FB, Silveira ACP, Rodrigues RS, Yoneyama KAG, Izabel dos Santos J, Fontes MRDM, de Campos Brites VL, Santos ALQ, Borges MH, Lopes DS, Rodrigues VM. Isolation and biochemical characterization of a γ-type phospholipase A2 inhibitor from Crotalus durissus collilineatus snake serum. Toxicon 2014; 81:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pereira HC, Silva JMM, Hirano LQL, Da Silva Junior LM, Santos ALQ. Aspectos anátomo-radiográficos e tempo de trânsito gastrintestinal em jacaré tinga Caiman crocodilus crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae). Biotemas 2014. [DOI: 10.5007/2175-7925.2014v27n3p149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Machado MRF, Beraldo-Massoli MC, Santos ALQ, Ribeiro PRQ, Menezes LT, Lima MO, Souza RRD, Vieira LG. Morfologia da língua e características das papilas linguais de Cuniculus paca (Rodentia: Cuniculidae). Biotemas 2013. [DOI: 10.5007/2175-7925.2013v26n4p167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Ribeiro PRQ, Santos ALQ, Souza RRD, Pereira SG, Borges DCS, Ribeiro LDA, Souza TAMD. Anatomia óssea do cíngulo pélvico, da coxa e da perna do tamanduá bandeira Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Myrmecophagidae: Pilosa). Biotemas 2013. [DOI: 10.5007/2175-7925.2013v26n4p153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Vieira LG, Ribeiro PRQ, Lima MO, Souza RRD, Valdes SAC, Santos ALQ. Origens e ramificações do plexo braquial do veado catingueiro Mazama gouazoubira (Artiodactyla: Cervidae). Biotemas 2013. [DOI: 10.5007/2175-7925.2013v26n1p137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Alves-Júnior JRF, Bosso ACS, Andrade MB, Werther K, Santos ALQ. Association of midazolam with ketamine in giant Amazon river turtles Podocnemis expansa breed in captivity. Acta Cir Bras 2013; 27:144-7. [PMID: 22378369 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502012000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate the effects of two anesthetic associations in giant Amazon river turtles (P. expansa). METHODS Twenty P. expansa, healthy, of both sexes, with weights between 1.0 and 1.5 kg of a commercial breeding facility located in the valley of the Araguaia River, Goiás, Brazil, were divided into two groups ( G1 n = 10 and G2 n = 10). Each group received a protocol being: P1 = midazolam (2 mg/kg IM) and ketamine (20 mg/kg IM) and P2 = midazolam (2 mg/kg IM) and ketamine (60 mg/kg IM), applied on G1 and G2, respectively. The drugs were applied in the left forelimb. The clinical parameters evaluated were: locomotion, muscle relaxation, response to pain stimuli in the right thoracic and pelvic members and heart rate. These assessments were made at time 0 (immediately after injection) and times of 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after the injections. RESULTS Group 2 showed a higher heart rate than G1 and more rapid and prolonged immobilization. CONCLUSION The sedation scores obtained by these protocols (P1 and P2) were satisfactory, with possible pharmacological contention for collecting biological samples and physical examination in P. expansa.
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Alves-Júnior JRF, Bosso ACS, Andrade MB, Jayme VDS, Werther K, Santos ALQ. Association of acepromazine with propofol in giant Amazon turtles Podocnemis expansa reared in captivity. Acta Cir Bras 2012; 27:552-6. [PMID: 22850706 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502012000800006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of an anesthetic association in giant amazon turtles (Podocnemis expansa). METHODS Twenty healthy P. expansa of both sexes weighing between 1.0 and 1.5kg commercially bred in the Araguaia River Valley, Goias, Brazil, were separated into two groups (G1 n=10 and G2 n=10). Each group received a respective protocol: P1= acepromazine (0.5 mg/kg IM) and propofol (5 mg/kg IV) and P2 = acepromazine (0.5 mg/kg IM) and propofol (10 mg/kg IV). The acepromazine was administered in the left thoracic member and the propofol in the cervical vertebral sinus. Assessments were made of the anesthetic parameters of locomotion, muscle relaxation, response to pain stimuli in the right thoracic and pelvic members and heartbeat. RESULTS The anesthetic induction time was the same for both protocols (P1 and P2); however the P2 effects were of a longer duration. CONCLUSION The sedation achieved with both protocols (P1 and P2) were satisfactory for the biological sample collection, physical examinations and minor surgeries on this species.
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Alves-Júnior JRF, Lustosa APG, Bosso ACS, Balestra RAM, Bastos LF, Miranda LB, Santos ALQ. Reproductive indices in natural nests of giant Amazon river turtles Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines, Podocnemididae) in the Environmental Protection Area Meanders of the Araguaia river. BRAZ J BIOL 2012; 72:199-203. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842012000100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A count was made of unhatched eggs and hatchling live and dead Podocnemis expansa turtles in 327 natural nests located on the beaches of the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) Meanders of the Araguaia River, to determine the percentage of hatching (94.63%), non-hatching (5.37%), survival (94.24%) and hatchling mortality (5.76%), and the average percentage of dead hatchlings during the 15 days in the nursery (0.97%). The mean number of hatchlings per nest was determined from the sum of the number of live and dead hatchlings divided by the total number of nests, while the mean number of eggs per nest was determined from the sum of live and dead hatchlings and unhatched eggs divided by the number of nests. These calculations yielded the following mean values: live hatchlings (88.98 ± 23.94), dead hatchlings (0.37 ± 0.93), unhatched eggs (5.07 ± 9.57), and total number of eggs (94.42 ± 21.30). The reproductive efficiency of the wild population of P. expansa can be affected by many environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall. In addition, man-made factors like the presence of chemicals in the water and the potential for infectious disease also have significant impact. The reproductive indices data obtained from this study are indispensable for future investigations of hatching anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - APG Lustosa
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brazil
| | - ACS Bosso
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
| | - RAM Balestra
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brazil
| | - LF Bastos
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brazil
| | | | - ALQ Santos
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brazil
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Lima FC, Santos ALQ, Vieira LG, Da Silva-Junior LM, Romão MF, De Simone SBS, Hirano LQL, Silva JMM, Montelo KM, Malvásio A. Ontogeny of the Shell Bones of Embryos of Podocnemis unifilis (Troschel, 1848) (Testudines, Podocnemididae). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011; 294:621-32. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.21359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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