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Ju Y, Moran M, Wang X, Avila-Palencia I, Cortinez-O’Ryan A, Moore K, Slovic AD, Sarmiento OL, Gouveia N, Caiaffa WT, Aguilar GAS, Sales DM, De Pina MDFRP, Coelho DM, Dronova I. Latin American cities with higher socioeconomic status are greening from a lower baseline: evidence from the SALURBAL project. Environ Res Lett 2021; 16:104052. [PMID: 34691242 PMCID: PMC8524204 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac2a63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of urban green space have context-dependent associations with socioeconomic status (SES). Latin American cities provide a unique but understudied context to assess the green space-SES associations. We measured the quantity and quality of green space as greenness from satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and we modeled the relationship between greenness and SES in 371 major Latin American cities between 2000 and 2010. We found that SES was negatively associated with average greenness at city and sub-city scales, which could be explained by urbanization generally improving SES while reducing the provision of green space. About 82% of the cities and 64% of the sub-cities experienced greening or increases in greenness over time. Although with lower average greenness, cities with higher SES had greater greening; however, it was the opposite for sub-cities. We suggest that greening is more likely to take place in peripheral sub-cities where SES tends to be lower. The findings challenge the belief that places with higher SES have better access to environmental resources and amenities; instead, this relationship is context dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ju
- Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Mika Moran
- Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Xize Wang
- Department of Real Estate, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ione Avila-Palencia
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Andrea Cortinez-O’Ryan
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Escuela de kinesiología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kari Moore
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Anne Dorothée Slovic
- Environmental Health Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nelson Gouveia
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Marques Sales
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Moraes Coelho
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Iryna Dronova
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
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Baeza F, Vives Vergara A, González F, Orlando L, Valdebenito R, Cortinez-O’Ryan A, Slesinski C, Diez Roux AV. The Regeneración Urbana, Calidad de Vida y Salud - RUCAS project: a Chilean multi-methods study to evaluate the impact of urban regeneration on resident health and wellbeing. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:728. [PMID: 33858373 PMCID: PMC8047526 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The available evidence of the health effects of urban regeneration is scarce In Latin America, and there are no studies focused on formal housing that longitudinally evaluate the impact of housing and neighborhood interventions on health. The "Regeneración Urbana, Calidad de Vida y Salud" (Urban Regeneration, Quality of Life, and Health) or RUCAS project is a longitudinal, multi-method study that will evaluate the impact of an intervention focused on dwellings, built environment and community on the health and wellbeing of the population in two social housing neighborhoods in Chile. METHODS RUCAS consists of a longitudinal study where inhabitants exposed and unexposed to the intervention will be compared over time within the study neighborhoods (cohorts), capitalizing on interventions as a natural experiment. Researchers have developed a specific conceptual framework and identified potential causal mechanisms. Proximal and more distal intervention effects will be measured with five instruments, implemented pre- and post-interventions between 2018 and 2021: a household survey, an observation tool to evaluate dwelling conditions, hygrochrons for measuring temperature and humidity inside dwellings, systematic observation of recreational areas, and qualitative interviews. Survey baseline data (956 households, 3130 individuals) is presented to describe sociodemographics, housing and health characteristics of both cohorts, noting that neighborhoods studied show worse conditions than the Chilean population. DISCUSSION RUCAS' design allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the effects that the intervention could have on various dimensions of health and health determinants. RUCAS will face some challenges, like changes in the intervention process due to adjustments of the master plan, exogenous factors -including COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns- and lost to follow-up. Given the stepped wedge design, that the study capitalizes on within household changes over time, the possibility of adjusting data collection process and complementarity of methods, RUCAS has the flexibility to adapt to these circumstances. Also, RUCAS' outreach and retention strategy has led to high retention rates. RUCAS will provide evidence to inform regeneration processes, highlighting the need to consider potential health effects of regeneration in designing such interventions and, more broadly, health as a key priority in urban and housing policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Baeza
- Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 8330077 Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Geography, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Vives Vergara
- Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 8330077 Santiago, Chile
- Centre for Sustainable Urban Development (CEDEUS), Los Navegantes 1963, 7520246 Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca González
- Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 8330077 Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura Orlando
- Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 8330077 Santiago, Chile
| | - Roxana Valdebenito
- Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 8330077 Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Cortinez-O’Ryan
- Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, 8330077 Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Moneda 673, 8320216 Santiago, Chile
| | - Claire Slesinski
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Ana V. Diez Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Aguilar-Farias N, Toledo-Vargas M, Miranda-Marquez S, Cortinez-O’Ryan A, Cristi-Montero C, Rodriguez-Rodriguez F, Martino-Fuentealba P, Okely AD, del Pozo Cruz B. Sociodemographic Predictors of Changes in Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep among Toddlers and Preschoolers in Chile during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 18:E176. [PMID: 33383721 PMCID: PMC7796176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to examine the sociodemographic predictors associated with changes in movement behaviors (physical activity, screen time, and sleep) among toddlers and preschoolers during the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Chile. Caregivers of 1- to 5-year-old children completed an online survey between 30 March and 27 April 2020. Information about the child's movement behaviors before (retrospectively) and during the pandemic, as well as family characteristics were reported. In total, 3157 participants provided complete data (mean children age: 3.1 ± 1.38 years). During early stages of the pandemic, time spent in physical activity decreased, recreational screen time and sleep duration increased, and sleep quality declined. Toddlers and preschoolers with space to play at home and living in rural areas experienced an attenuated impact of the pandemic restrictions on their physical activity levels, screen time, and sleep quality. Older children, those whose caregivers were aged ≥35-<45 years and had a higher educational level, and those living in apartments had greater changes, mainly a decrease in total physical activity and increase in screen time. This study has shown the significant impact of the pandemic restrictions on movement behaviors in toddlers and preschoolers in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.T.-V.); (S.M.-M.); (A.C.-O.); (P.M.-F.)
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Marcelo Toledo-Vargas
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.T.-V.); (S.M.-M.); (A.C.-O.); (P.M.-F.)
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Sebastian Miranda-Marquez
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.T.-V.); (S.M.-M.); (A.C.-O.); (P.M.-F.)
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Andrea Cortinez-O’Ryan
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.T.-V.); (S.M.-M.); (A.C.-O.); (P.M.-F.)
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile; (C.C.-M.); (F.R.-R.)
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile; (C.C.-M.); (F.R.-R.)
| | - Pia Martino-Fuentealba
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.T.-V.); (S.M.-M.); (A.C.-O.); (P.M.-F.)
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Borja del Pozo Cruz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia;
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