1
|
Acosta JR, Joost S, Karlsson K, Ehrlund A, Li X, Aouadi M, Kasper M, Arner P, Rydén M, Laurencikiene J. Single cell transcriptomics suggest that human adipocyte progenitor cells constitute a homogeneous cell population. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:250. [PMID: 29116032 PMCID: PMC5678572 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of adipose tissue stem cells (ASCs) and adipogenesis impact the development of excess body fat-related metabolic complications. Animal studies have suggested the presence of distinct subtypes of ASCs with different differentiation properties. In addition, ASCs are becoming the biggest source of mesenchymal stem cells used in therapies, which requires deep characterization. Using unbiased single cell transcriptomics we aimed to characterize ASC populations in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT). The transcriptomes of 574 single cells from the WAT total stroma vascular fraction (SVF) of four healthy women were analyzed by clustering and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding visualization. The identified cell populations were then mapped to cell types present in WAT using data from gene expression microarray profiling of flow cytometry-sorted SVF. Cells clustered into four distinct populations: three adipose tissue-resident macrophage subtypes and one large, homogeneous population of ASCs. While pseudotemporal ordering analysis indicated that the ASCs were in slightly different differentiation stages, the differences in gene expression were small and could not distinguish distinct ASC subtypes. Altogether, in healthy individuals, ASCs seem to constitute a single homogeneous cell population that cannot be subdivided by single cell transcriptomics, suggesting a common origin for human adipocytes in scWAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Acosta
- Karolinska Institutet, Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum D4, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Joost
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kasper Karlsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Scheelelaberatoriet, Scheeles väg 2, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Ehrlund
- Karolinska Institutet, Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum D4, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xidan Li
- Karolinska Institutet, ICMC, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Karolinska Institutet, ICMC, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kasper
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Karolinska Institutet, Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum D4, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Karolinska Institutet, Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum D4, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Karolinska Institutet, Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Novum D4, Hälsovägen 7, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ehrlund A, Acosta JR, Björk C, Hedén P, Douagi I, Arner P, Laurencikiene J. The cell-type specific transcriptome in human adipose tissue and influence of obesity on adipocyte progenitors. Sci Data 2017; 4:170164. [PMID: 29087381 PMCID: PMC5663208 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects gene expression and metabolism of white adipose tissue (WAT),
which results in insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. However, WAT is a
heterogeneous organ containing many cell types that might respond differently to
obesity-induced changes. We performed flow cytometry sorting and RNA expression
profiling by microarray of major WAT cell types (adipocytes,
CD45−/CD31−/CD34+ progenitors, CD45+/CD14+ monocytes/
macrophages, CD45+/CD14− leukocytes), which allowed us to identify genes
enriched in specific cell fractions. Additionally, we included adipocytes and
adipocyte progenitor cells obtained from lean and obese individuals. Taken
together, we provide a detailed gene expression atlas of major human adipose
tissue resident cell types for clinical/basic research and using this dataset
provide lists of cell-type specific genes that are of interest for metabolic
research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ehrlund
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Juan R Acosta
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Christel Björk
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Per Hedén
- Akademikliniken, Storängsvägen 10, Stockholm SE-115 42, Sweden
| | - Iyadh Douagi
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-14186, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kulyté A, Ehrlund A, Arner P, Dahlman I. Global transcriptome profiling identifies KLF15 and SLC25A10 as modifiers of adipocytes insulin sensitivity in obese women. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178485. [PMID: 28570579 PMCID: PMC5453532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not entirely understood, it is likely that alterations of adipose tissue function are involved. The aim of this study was to identify new genes controlling insulin sensitivity in adipocytes from obese women with either insulin resistant (OIR) or sensitive (OIS) adipocytes. Insulin sensitivity was first determined by measuring lipogenesis in isolated adipocytes from abdominal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) in a large observational study. Lipogenesis was measured under conditions where glucose transport was the rate limiting step and reflects in vivo insulin sensitivity. We then performed microarray-based transcriptome profiling on subcutaneous WAT specimen from a subgroup of 9 lean, 21 OIS and 18 obese OIR women. We could identify 432 genes that were differentially expressed between the OIR and OIS group (FDR ≤5%). These genes are enriched in pathways related to glucose and amino acid metabolism, cellular respiration, and insulin signaling, and include genes such as SLC2A4, AKT2, as well as genes coding for enzymes in the mitochondria respiratory chain. Two IR-associated genes, KLF15 encoding a transcription factor and SLC25A10 encoding a dicarboxylate carrier, were selected for functional evaluation in adipocytes differentiated in vitro. Knockdown of KLF15 and SLC25A10 using siRNA inhibited insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in adipocytes. Transcriptome profiling of siRNA-treated cells suggested that KLF15 might control insulin sensitivity by influencing expression of PPARG, PXMP2, AQP7, LPL and genes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Knockdown of SLC25A10 had only modest impact on the transcriptome, suggesting that it might directly influence insulin sensitivity in adipocytes independently of transcription due to its important role in fatty acid synthesis. In summary, this study identifies novel genes associated with insulin sensitivity in adipocytes in women independently of obesity. KFL15 and SLC25A10 are inhibitors of insulin-stimulated lipogenesis under conditions when glucose transport is the rate limiting step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agné Kulyté
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine H7, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Ehrlund
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine H7, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine H7, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine H7, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hoffstedt J, Andersson DP, Eriksson Hogling D, Theorell J, Näslund E, Thorell A, Ehrlund A, Rydén M, Arner P. Long-term Protective Changes in Adipose Tissue After Gastric Bypass. Diabetes Care 2017; 40:77-84. [PMID: 27852664 DOI: 10.2337/dc16-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although long-term weight regain may occur after bariatric surgery, many patients are protected against relapse or development of type 2 diabetes. The study objective was to investigate whether this involves beneficial changes in adipose function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Forty-nine obese women were investigated before and 2 and 5 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). At the 5-year follow-up, 30 subjects were pairwise matched for BMI and age to 30 control women. Clinical parameters and fine-needle biopsies from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were obtained; fat cell size and number, lipolysis, adiponectin, and proinflammatory protein secretion were determined. RESULTS After 2 years, BMI decreased from 43 to 29 kg/m2, which was accompanied by improvements in insulin sensitivity (HOMA of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), increased circulating and adipose secreted adiponectin, and decreased adipose lipolysis and fat cell size but no change in adipocyte number. Between 2 and 5 years after surgery, BMI had increased to 31 kg/m2. This was associated with slightly increased HOMA-IR and unaltered circulating or adipose secreted adiponectin but higher secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and increased lipolysis and number of fat cells but no change in adipocyte size. All these parameters, except lipolysis, were significantly more favorable compared with those in matched control subjects. Furthermore, the relationship between HOMA-IR and circulating adiponectin was less steep than in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS RYGB improves long-term insulin sensitivity and adipose phenotypes beyond the control state despite weight regain. Postoperative beneficial alterations in adipose function may be involved in the diabetes-protective effect of bariatric surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Hoffstedt
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel P Andersson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Eriksson Hogling
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Theorell
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Näslund
- Department of Clinical Science, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical Science, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Ehrlund
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ehrlund A, Mejhert N, Björk C, Andersson R, Kulyté A, Åström G, Itoh M, Kawaji H, Lassmann T, Daub CO, Carninci P, Forrest ARR, Hayashizaki Y, Sandelin A, Ingelsson E, Rydén M, Laurencikiene J, Arner P, Arner E. Transcriptional Dynamics During Human Adipogenesis and Its Link to Adipose Morphology and Distribution. Diabetes 2017; 66:218-230. [PMID: 27803022 PMCID: PMC5860264 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) can develop into several phenotypes with different pathophysiological impact on type 2 diabetes. To better understand the adipogenic process, the transcriptional events that occur during in vitro differentiation of human adipocytes were investigated and the findings linked to WAT phenotypes. Single-molecule transcriptional profiling provided a detailed map of the expressional changes of genes, enhancers, and long noncoding RNAs, where different types of transcripts share common dynamics during differentiation. Common signatures include early downregulated, transient, and late induced transcripts, all of which are linked to distinct developmental processes during adipogenesis. Enhancers expressed during adipogenesis overlap significantly with genetic variants associated with WAT distribution. Transiently expressed and late induced genes are associated with hypertrophic WAT (few but large fat cells), a phenotype closely linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Transcription factors that are expressed early or transiently affect differentiation and adipocyte function and are controlled by several well-known upstream regulators such as glucocorticosteroids, insulin, cAMP, and thyroid hormones. Taken together, our results suggest a complex but highly coordinated regulation of adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ehrlund
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christel Björk
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robin Andersson
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, and Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agné Kulyté
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gaby Åström
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine & Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wakō, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine & Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wakō, Saitama, Japan
| | - Timo Lassmann
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Telethon Kids Institute and The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carsten O Daub
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition and Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piero Carninci
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Alistair R R Forrest
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine & Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wakō, Saitama, Japan
| | - Albin Sandelin
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, and Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Arner
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Eriksson Hogling D, Petrus P, Gao H, Bäckdahl J, Dahlman I, Laurencikiene J, Acosta J, Ehrlund A, Näslund E, Kulyte A, Mejhert N, Andersson DP, Arner P, Rydén M. Adipose and Circulating CCL18 Levels Associate With Metabolic Risk Factors in Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:4021-4029. [PMID: 27459538 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiometabolic complications in obesity may be linked to white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction. Transcriptomic studies of Sc WAT have reported that CCL18, encoding the CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18), is increased in obesity/insulin resistance but its functional role is unknown. OBJECTIVE Our objectives were to determine if CCL18 is secreted from Sc WAT and if secreted and/or serum levels associate with metabolic phenotypes. We also planned to define the primary cellular source and if CCL18 exerts effects on adipocytes. DESIGN This is a cohort study. SETTING The study took place in an outpatient academic clinic. PARTICIPANTS A total of 130 obese women scheduled for bariatric surgery and 35 nonobese controls were included. METHODS Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp or homeostasis model assessment. CCL18 was analyzed in serum/WAT incubates by ELISA. Effects of recombinant CCL18 was determined in cultures of primary human adipocytes and the monocyte cell line THP-1 differentiated into M0/M1/M2 macrophages. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Association with metabolic risk factors was measured. RESULTS CCL18 was secreted from WAT and the levels correlated positively with insulin resistance, Adult Treatment Panel III risk score and plasma triglycerides, independent of body mass index and better than other established adipocytokines. In 80 obese women, S-CCL18 levels were significantly higher in insulin resistant compared with insulin sensitive subjects. In WAT CCL18 mRNA was expressed in macrophages and correlated positively with immune-related genes, particularly those enriched in M2 macrophages. While CCL18 increased cyto-/chemokine expression in M0/M2-THP-1 cells, human adipocytes showed no responses in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Circulating and WAT-secreted CCL18 correlates with insulin resistance and metabolic risk score. Because CCL18 is macrophage-specific and associates with adipose immune gene expression, it may constitute a marker of WAT inflammation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adiposity
- Adult
- Bariatric Surgery
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Body Mass Index
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokines, CC/blood
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Ontology
- Humans
- Hypertriglyceridemia/etiology
- Insulin Resistance
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
- Metabolic Syndrome/etiology
- Obesity, Morbid/immunology
- Obesity, Morbid/metabolism
- Obesity, Morbid/pathology
- Obesity, Morbid/physiopathology
- Panniculitis/etiology
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Risk Factors
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/immunology
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/metabolism
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/pathology
- Sweden/epidemiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eriksson Hogling
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Paul Petrus
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Jesper Bäckdahl
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Juan Acosta
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Anna Ehrlund
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Erik Näslund
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Agne Kulyte
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Daniel P Andersson
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7) (D.E.H., P.P., J.B., I.D., J.L., J.A., A.E., A.K., N.M., D.P.A., P.A., M.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (H.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences (E.N.), Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arner E, Daub CO, Vitting-Seerup K, Andersson R, Lilje B, Drabløs F, Lennartsson A, Rönnerblad M, Hrydziuszko O, Vitezic M, Freeman TC, Alhendi AMN, Arner P, Axton R, Baillie JK, Beckhouse A, Bodega B, Briggs J, Brombacher F, Davis M, Detmar M, Ehrlund A, Endoh M, Eslami A, Fagiolini M, Fairbairn L, Faulkner GJ, Ferrai C, Fisher ME, Forrester L, Goldowitz D, Guler R, Ha T, Hara M, Herlyn M, Ikawa T, Kai C, Kawamoto H, Khachigian LM, Klinken SP, Kojima S, Koseki H, Klein S, Mejhert N, Miyaguchi K, Mizuno Y, Morimoto M, Morris KJ, Mummery C, Nakachi Y, Ogishima S, Okada-Hatakeyama M, Okazaki Y, Orlando V, Ovchinnikov D, Passier R, Patrikakis M, Pombo A, Qin XY, Roy S, Sato H, Savvi S, Saxena A, Schwegmann A, Sugiyama D, Swoboda R, Tanaka H, Tomoiu A, Winteringham LN, Wolvetang E, Yanagi-Mizuochi C, Yoneda M, Zabierowski S, Zhang P, Abugessaisa I, Bertin N, Diehl AD, Fukuda S, Furuno M, Harshbarger J, Hasegawa A, Hori F, Ishikawa-Kato S, Ishizu Y, Itoh M, Kawashima T, Kojima M, Kondo N, Lizio M, Meehan TF, Mungall CJ, Murata M, Nishiyori-Sueki H, Sahin S, Nagao-Sato S, Severin J, de Hoon MJL, Kawai J, Kasukawa T, Lassmann T, Suzuki H, Kawaji H, Summers KM, Wells C, Hume DA, Forrest ARR, Sandelin A, Carninci P, Hayashizaki Y. Transcribed enhancers lead waves of coordinated transcription in transitioning mammalian cells. Science 2015; 347:1010-4. [PMID: 25678556 PMCID: PMC4681433 DOI: 10.1126/science.1259418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although it is generally accepted that cellular differentiation requires changes to transcriptional networks, dynamic regulation of promoters and enhancers at specific sets of genes has not been previously studied en masse. Exploiting the fact that active promoters and enhancers are transcribed, we simultaneously measured their activity in 19 human and 14 mouse time courses covering a wide range of cell types and biological stimuli. Enhancer RNAs, then messenger RNAs encoding transcription factors, dominated the earliest responses. Binding sites for key lineage transcription factors were simultaneously overrepresented in enhancers and promoters active in each cellular system. Our data support a highly generalizable model in which enhancer transcription is the earliest event in successive waves of transcriptional change during cellular differentiation or activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A. Hume
- Corresponding author. (D.A.H.); (A.R.R.F.); (A.S.); (P.C.); (Y.H.)
| | | | - Albin Sandelin
- Corresponding author. (D.A.H.); (A.R.R.F.); (A.S.); (P.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Piero Carninci
- Corresponding author. (D.A.H.); (A.R.R.F.); (A.S.); (P.C.); (Y.H.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gao H, Mejhert N, Fretz JA, Arner E, Lorente-Cebrián S, Ehrlund A, Dahlman-Wright K, Gong X, Strömblad S, Douagi I, Laurencikiene J, Dahlman I, Daub CO, Rydén M, Horowitz MC, Arner P. Early B cell factor 1 regulates adipocyte morphology and lipolysis in white adipose tissue. Cell Metab 2014; 19:981-92. [PMID: 24856929 PMCID: PMC4109056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) morphology characterized by hypertrophy (i.e., fewer but larger adipocytes) associates with increased adipose inflammation, lipolysis, insulin resistance, and risk of diabetes. However, the causal relationships and the mechanisms controlling WAT morphology are unclear. Herein, we identified EBF1 as an adipocyte-expressed transcription factor with decreased expression/activity in WAT hypertrophy. In human adipocytes, the regulatory targets of EBF1 were enriched for genes controlling lipolysis and adipocyte morphology/differentiation, and in both humans and murine models, reduced EBF1 levels associated with increased lipolysis and adipose hypertrophy. Although EBF1 did not affect adipose inflammation, TNFα reduced EBF1 gene expression. High-fat diet intervention in Ebf1(+/-) mice resulted in more pronounced WAT hypertrophy and attenuated insulin sensitivity compared with wild-type littermate controls. We conclude that EBF1 is an important regulator of adipose morphology and fat cell lipolysis and may constitute a link between WAT inflammation, altered lipid metabolism, adipose hypertrophy, and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Jackie A Fretz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Erik Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden; RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (Division of Genomic Technologies), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Anna Ehrlund
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Karin Dahlman-Wright
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, SE-171 21, Sweden
| | - Xiaowei Gong
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Staffan Strömblad
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Iyadh Douagi
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Carsten O Daub
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden; RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (Division of Genomic Technologies), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Mark C Horowitz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arner E, Forrest ARR, Ehrlund A, Mejhert N, Itoh M, Kawaji H, Lassmann T, Laurencikiene J, Rydén M, Arner P. Ceruloplasmin is a novel adipokine which is overexpressed in adipose tissue of obese subjects and in obesity-associated cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e80274. [PMID: 24676332 PMCID: PMC3968011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity confers an increased risk of developing specific cancer forms. Although the mechanisms are unclear, increased fat cell secretion of specific proteins (adipokines) may promote/facilitate development of malignant tumors in obesity via cross-talk between adipose tissue(s) and the tissues prone to develop cancer among obese. We searched for novel adipokines that were overexpressed in adipose tissue of obese subjects as well as in tumor cells derived from cancers commonly associated with obesity. For this purpose expression data from human adipose tissue of obese and non-obese as well as from a large panel of human cancer cell lines and corresponding primary cells and tissues were explored. We found expression of ceruloplasmin to be the most enriched in obesity-associated cancer cells. This gene was also significantly up-regulated in adipose tissue of obese subjects. Ceruloplasmin is the body's main copper carrier and is involved in angiogenesis. We demonstrate that ceruloplasmin is a novel adipokine, which is produced and secreted at increased rates in obesity. In the obese state, adipose tissue contributed markedly (up to 22%) to the total circulating protein level. In summary, we have through bioinformatic screening identified ceruloplasmin as a novel adipokine with increased expression in adipose tissue of obese subjects as well as in cells from obesity-associated cancers. Whether there is a causal relationship between adipose overexpression of ceruloplasmin and cancer development in obesity cannot be answered by these cross-sectional comparisons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Arner
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Alistair R. R. Forrest
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Anna Ehrlund
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Timo Lassmann
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ehrlund A, Mejhert N, Lorente-Cebrián S, Aström G, Dahlman I, Laurencikiene J, Rydén M. Characterization of the Wnt inhibitors secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) in human adipose tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E503-8. [PMID: 23393180 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Wnt signaling regulates adipogenesis and adipocyte function. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) are a family of secreted proteins (SFRP1-5) that bind and inhibit Wnts. Several members, including SFRP5, have recently been implicated in adipocyte dysfunction in obesity. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to characterize the expression, secretion, and function of the SFRP family in human white adipose tissue (WAT) and fat cells. DESIGN SFRP1-5 mRNA expression was measured in human sc and visceral WAT from lean and obese individuals and correlated to insulin sensitivity. SFRP secretion from WAT explants was assessed by ELISA. Gene expression of SFRPs in cultured adipocytes during and after differentiation was determined. Functional analyses were done by gene silencing or incubations with recombinant SFRPs. RESULTS SFRP1-4, but not SFRP5, mRNA levels were altered in obesity. However, although SFRP1 was down-regulated and correlated positively with insulin sensitivity, SFRP2-4 were up-regulated, particularly in visceral WAT, and associated with insulin resistance. Only SFRP1, SFRP2, and SFRP4 were secreted from WAT, thereby constituting adipokines. Individual knockdowns of SFRP1, SFRP2, or SFRP4 during adipogenesis did not affect terminal differentiation. Incubations with SFRP1 reduced the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1) and increased the release of adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS SFRP1, SFRP2, and SFRP4 are adipokines, the expression of which correlates with insulin sensitivity. For SFRP1, this may be related to effects on the secretion of IL-6, MCP1, and adiponectin. In contrast to recent murine findings implicating SFRP5 in metabolic dysfunction, this SFRP is neither regulated by obesity nor actively secreted from human WAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ehrlund
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arner E, Mejhert N, Kulyté A, Balwierz PJ, Pachkov M, Cormont M, Lorente-Cebrián S, Ehrlund A, Laurencikiene J, Hedén P, Dahlman-Wright K, Tanti JF, Hayashizaki Y, Rydén M, Dahlman I, van Nimwegen E, Daub CO, Arner P. Adipose tissue microRNAs as regulators of CCL2 production in human obesity. Diabetes 2012; 61:1986-93. [PMID: 22688341 PMCID: PMC3402332 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In obesity, white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation is linked to insulin resistance. Increased adipocyte chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) secretion may initiate adipose inflammation by attracting the migration of inflammatory cells into the tissue. Using an unbiased approach, we identified adipose microRNAs (miRNAs) that are dysregulated in human obesity and assessed their possible role in controlling CCL2 production. In subcutaneous WAT obtained from 56 subjects, 11 miRNAs were present in all subjects and downregulated in obesity. Of these, 10 affected adipocyte CCL2 secretion in vitro and for 2 miRNAs (miR-126 and miR-193b), regulatory circuits were defined. While miR-126 bound directly to the 3'-untranslated region of CCL2 mRNA, miR-193b regulated CCL2 production indirectly through a network of transcription factors, many of which have been identified in other inflammatory conditions. In addition, overexpression of miR-193b and miR-126 in a human monocyte/macrophage cell line attenuated CCL2 production. The levels of the two miRNAs in subcutaneous WAT were significantly associated with CCL2 secretion (miR-193b) and expression of integrin, α-X, an inflammatory macrophage marker (miR-193b and miR-126). Taken together, our data suggest that miRNAs may be important regulators of adipose inflammation through their effects on CCL2 release from human adipocytes and macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Arner
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agné Kulyté
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr J. Balwierz
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Pachkov
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mireille Cormont
- INSERM U895, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine, Team 7 Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Silvia Lorente-Cebrián
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Ehrlund
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Karin Dahlman-Wright
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- INSERM U895, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine, Team 7 Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | | | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik van Nimwegen
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carsten O. Daub
- RIKEN Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Corresponding authors: Peter Arner (experimental and clinical correspondence), , and Carsten O. Daub (computational correspondence),
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding authors: Peter Arner (experimental and clinical correspondence), , and Carsten O. Daub (computational correspondence),
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ehrlund A, Treuter E. Ligand-independent actions of the orphan receptors/corepressors DAX-1 and SHP in metabolism, reproduction and disease. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 130:169-79. [PMID: 21550402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DAX-1 and SHP are two closely related atypical orphan members of the nuclear receptor (NR) family that make up the NR0B subfamily. They combine properties of typical NRs and of NR-associated coregulators: both carry the characteristic NR ligand-binding domain but instead of a NR DNA-binding domain they have unique N-terminal regions that contain LxxLL-related NR-binding motifs often found in coregulators. Recent structural data indicate that DAX-1 lacks a ligand-binding pocket and thus should rely on ligand-independent mechanisms of regulation. This might be true, but remains to be proven, for SHP as well. DAX-1 and SHP have in common that they act as transcriptional corepressors of cholesterol metabolism pathways that are related on a molecular level. However, the expression patterns of the two NRs are largely different, with some notable exceptions, and so are the physiological processes they regulate. DAX-1 is mainly involved in steroidogenesis and reproductive development, while SHP plays major roles in maintaining cholesterol and glucose homeostasis. This review highlights the key similarities and differences between DAX-1 and SHP with regard to structure, function and biology and considers what can be learnt from recent research advances in the field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Orphan Receptors'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ehrlund
- Center for Biosciences, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, S-14183 Huddinge/Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Venteclef N, Jakobsson T, Ehrlund A, Damdimopoulos A, Mikkonen L, Ellis E, Nilsson LM, Parini P, Jänne OA, Gustafsson JA, Steffensen KR, Treuter E. GPS2-dependent corepressor/SUMO pathways govern anti-inflammatory actions of LRH-1 and LXRbeta in the hepatic acute phase response. Genes Dev 2010; 24:381-95. [PMID: 20159957 DOI: 10.1101/gad.545110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The orphan receptor LRH-1 and the oxysterol receptors LXRalpha and LXRbeta are established transcriptional regulators of lipid metabolism that appear to control inflammatory processes. Here, we investigate the anti-inflammatory actions of these nuclear receptors in the hepatic acute phase response (APR). We report that selective synthetic agonists induce SUMOylation-dependent recruitment of either LRH-1 or LXR to hepatic APR promoters and prevent the clearance of the N-CoR corepressor complex upon cytokine stimulation. Investigations of the APR in vivo, using LXR knockout mice, indicate that the anti-inflammatory actions of LXR agonists are triggered selectively by the LXRbeta subtype. We further find that hepatic APR responses in small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO-1) knockout mice are increased, which is due in part to diminished LRH-1 action at APR promoters. Finally, we provide evidence that the metabolically important coregulator GPS2 functions as a hitherto unrecognized transrepression mediator of interactions between SUMOylated nuclear receptors and the N-CoR corepressor complex. Our study extends the knowledge of anti-inflammatory mechanisms and pathways directed by metabolic nuclear receptor-corepressor networks to the control of the hepatic APR, and implies alternative pharmacological strategies for the treatment of human metabolic diseases associated with inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Venteclef
- Center for Biosciences, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, S-14157 Huddinge/Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jakobsson T, Venteclef N, Toresson G, Damdimopoulos AE, Ehrlund A, Lou X, Sanyal S, Steffensen KR, Gustafsson JA, Treuter E. GPS2 is required for cholesterol efflux by triggering histone demethylation, LXR recruitment, and coregulator assembly at the ABCG1 locus. Mol Cell 2009; 34:510-8. [PMID: 19481530 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional coregulators, rather than ligand signals, are suspected to confer context and pathway specificity to nuclear receptor signaling, but the identity of such specifying coregulators and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely enigmatic. Here we address this issue in metabolic oxysterol receptor LXR pathways and describe the selective requirement of GPS2 for ABCG1 cholesterol transporter gene transcription and cholesterol efflux from macrophages. We implicate GPS2 in facilitating LXR recruitment to an ABCG1-specific promoter/enhancer unit upon ligand activation and identify functional links to histone H3K9 demethylation. We further describe fundamental differences between ABCG1 and ABCA1 with regard to GPS2 in relation to other coregulators, which are likely to apply to additional LXR-regulated genes. Our work identifies a coregulator-dependent epigenetic mechanism governing the access of a nuclear receptor to communicating regulatory regions in the genome. The pathway and coregulator selectivity of this mechanism implies pharmacological possibilities for the development of selective LXR agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jakobsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|