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Carullo G, Borghini F, Fusi F, Saponara S, Fontana A, Pozzetti L, Fedeli R, Panti A, Gorelli B, Aquino G, Basilicata MG, Pepe G, Campiglia P, Biagiotti S, Gemma S, Butini S, Pianezze S, Loppi S, Cavaglioni A, Perini M, Campiani G. Traceability and authentication in agri-food production: A multivariate approach to the characterization ofthe Italian food excellence elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.), a vasoactive nutraceutical. Food Chem 2024; 444:138684. [PMID: 38359701 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
A research platform for food authentication was set up by combining stable isotope ratio analysis, metabolomics by gas and liquid mass-spectrometry and NMR investigations, chemometric analyses for food excellences. This multi-analytical approach was tested on samples of elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.), a species belonging to the same genus of common garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.), mainly produced in southern Tuscany-(Allium ampeloprasum). The isotopic composition allowed the product to be geographically characterized. Flavonoids, like (+)-catechin, cinnamic acids, quercetin glycosides were identified. The samples showed also a significant amount of dipeptides, sulphur-containing metabolites and glutathione, the latter of which could be considered a molecular marker of the analyzed elephant garlic. For nutraceutical profiling to reach quality labels, extracts were investigated in specific biological assays, displaying interesting vasorelaxant properties in rat aorta by mediating nitric oxide release from the endothelium and exhibited positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects in rat perfused heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; BioAgryLab, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Francesca Borghini
- ISVEA Srl, Istituto per lo Sviluppo Viticolo Enologico e Agroindustriale, 53036 Poggibonsi(SI), Italy.
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Anna Fontana
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Luca Pozzetti
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Fedeli
- BioAgryLab, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Alice Panti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | | | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Stefano Biagiotti
- Telematic University Pegaso, Piazza Trieste e Trento, 48 -80132 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; BioAgryLab, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; BioAgryLab, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pianezze
- Experimental and Technological Services Department, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.
| | - Stefano Loppi
- BioAgryLab, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Cavaglioni
- ISVEA Srl, Istituto per lo Sviluppo Viticolo Enologico e Agroindustriale, 53036 Poggibonsi(SI), Italy.
| | - Matteo Perini
- Experimental and Technological Services Department, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; BioAgryLab, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-7346, Iran.
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2
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De Luca M, Restuccia D, Spizzirri UG, Crupi P, Ioele G, Gorelli B, Clodoveo ML, Saponara S, Aiello F. Wine Lees as Source of Antioxidant Molecules: Green Extraction Procedure and Biological Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030622. [PMID: 36978870 PMCID: PMC10045199 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An ultrasound-assisted extraction method, employing ethanol and water as solvents at low temperature (30 °C) and reduced time (15 min), was proposed to extract bioactive molecules from different cultivars (Magliocco Canino, Magliocco Rosato, Gaglioppo, and Nocera Rosso) of wine lees. All the extract yields were evaluated and their contents of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and total polyphenols were determined by means of colorimetric assays and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. Radical scavenging assays were performed and the Magliocco Canino extracted with a hydroalcoholic mixture returned the best results both against ABTS (0.451 mg mL−1) and DPPH (0.395 mg mL−1) radicals. The chemometric algorithms principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square regression (PLS) were used to process the data obtained from all qualitative–quantitative sample determinations with the aim of highlighting data patterns and finding possible correlations between composition and antioxidant features of the different wine lees cultivars and the extraction procedures. Wine lees from Magliocco Canino and Magliocco Rosato were found to be the best vegetable matrices in terms of metabolite content and antioxidant properties. The components extracted with alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solvents, specifically (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, chlorogenic acid, and trans-caftaric acid, were found to be correlated with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts. Multivariate data processing was able to identify the compounds related to the antioxidant features. Two PLS models were optimized by using their concentration levels to predict the IC50 values of the extracts in terms of DPPH and ABTS with high values of correlation coefficient R2, 0.932 and 0.824, respectively, and a prediction error lower than 0.07. Finally, cellular (SH-SY5Y cells) antioxidant assays were performed on the best extract (the hydroalcoholic extract of Magliocco Canino cv) to confirm its biological performance against radical species. All these recorded data strongly outline the aptness of valorizing wine lees as a valuable source of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Donatella Restuccia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Pasquale Crupi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ioele
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Papa A, Pasquini S, Galvani F, Cammarota M, Contri C, Carullo G, Gemma S, Ramunno A, Lamponi S, Gorelli B, Saponara S, Varani K, Mor M, Campiani G, Boscia F, Vincenzi F, Lodola A, Butini S. Development of potent and selective FAAH inhibitors with improved drug-like properties as potential tools to treat neuroinflammatory conditions. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114952. [PMID: 36462439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The neuroprotective performance against neuroinflammation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) can be remarkably improved by indirect stimulation mediated by the pharmacological inhibition of the key ECS catabolic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Based on our previous works and aiming to discover new selective FAAH inhibitors , we herein reported a new series of carbamate-based FAAH inhibitors (4a-t) which showed improved drug disposition properties compared to the previously reported analogues 2a-b. The introduction of ionizable functions allowed us to obtain new FAAH inhibitors of nanomolar potency characterized by good water solubility and chemical stability at physiological pH. Interesting structure-activity relationships (SARs), deeply analyzed by molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, were obtained. All the newly developed inhibitors showed an excellent selectivity profile evaluated against monoacylglycerol lipase and cannabinoid receptors. The reversible mechanism of action was determined by a rapid dilution assay. Absence of toxicity was confirmed in mouse fibroblasts NIH3T3 (for compounds 4e, 4g, 4n-o, and 4s) and in human astrocytes cell line 1321N1 (for compounds 4e, 4n, and 4s). The absence of undesired cardiac effects was also confirmed for compound 4n. Selected analogues (compounds 4e, 4g, 4n, and 4s) were able to reduce oxidative stress in 1321N1 astrocytes and exhibited notable neuroprotective effects when tested in an ex vivo model of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Papa
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche e Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Galvani
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Cammarota
- Divisione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Contri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Dipartiment di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Ramunno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Viale Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Dipartiment di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Dipartiment di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy; Microbiome Research Hub, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Boscia
- Divisione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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Carullo G, Saponara S, Ahmed A, Gorelli B, Mazzotta S, Trezza A, Gianibbi B, Campiani G, Fusi F, Aiello F. Novel Labdane Diterpenes-Based Synthetic Derivatives: Identification of a Bifunctional Vasodilator That Inhibits Ca V1.2 and Stimulates K Ca1.1 Channels. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080515. [PMID: 36005518 PMCID: PMC9410420 DOI: 10.3390/md20080515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes such as leucodin and the labdane-type diterpene manool are natural compounds endowed with remarkably in vitro vasorelaxant and in vivo hypotensive activities. Given their structural similarity with the sesquiterpene lactone (+)-sclareolide, this molecule was selected as a scaffold to develop novel vasoactive agents. Functional, electrophysiology, and molecular dynamics studies were performed. The opening of the five-member lactone ring in the (+)-sclareolide provided a series of labdane-based small molecules, promoting a significant in vitro vasorelaxant effect. Electrophysiology data identified 7 as a CaV1.2 channel blocker and a KCa1.1 channel stimulator. These activities were also confirmed in the intact vascular tissue. The significant antagonism caused by the CaV1.2 channel agonist Bay K 8644 suggested that 7 might interact with the dihydropyridine binding site. Docking and molecular dynamic simulations provided the molecular basis of the CaV1.2 channel blockade and KCa1.1 channel stimulation produced by 7. Finally, 7 reduced coronary perfusion pressure and heart rate, while prolonging conduction and refractoriness of the atrioventricular node, likely because of its Ca2+ antagonism. Taken together, these data indicate that the labdane scaffold represents a valuable starting point for the development of new vasorelaxant agents endowed with negative chronotropic properties and targeting key pathways involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension and ischemic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Amer Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sarah Mazzotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alfonso Trezza
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gianibbi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Edif. Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (F.A.)
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Durante M, Frosini M, Chiaino E, Fusi F, Gamberucci A, Gorelli B, Chegaev K, Riganti C, Saponara S. Sdox, a H 2S releasing anthracycline, with a safer profile than doxorubicin toward vasculature. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 143:106969. [PMID: 35149209 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.106969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sdox is a synthetic H2S-releasing doxorubicin (Dox) less cardiotoxic and more effective than Dox in pre-clinical, Dox-resistant tumour models. The well-known anthracycline vascular toxicity, however, might limit Sdox clinical use. This study aimed at evaluating Sdox vascular toxicity in vitro, using Dox as reference compound. Both vascular smooth muscle A7r5 and endothelial EA.hy926 cells were more sensitive to Dox than Sdox, although both drugs equally increased intracellular free radical levels. Sdox released H2S in both cell lines. The H2S scavenger hydroxocobalamin partially reverted Sdox-induced cytotoxicity in A7r5, but not in EA.hy926 cells, suggesting a role for H2S in smooth muscle cell death. Markers of Sdox-induced apoptosis were significantly lower than, in A7r5 cells, and comparable to those of Dox in EA.hy926 cells. In A7r5 cells, Dox increased the activity of caspase 3, 8, and 9, Sdox affecting only that of caspase 3. Moreover, both drugs induced comparable DNA damage in A7r5 cells, while Sdox was less toxic than Dox in Ea.hy926 cells. In fresh aorta rings, only Dox weakly increased phenylephrine-induced contraction when endothelium was present. In rings cultured with both drugs for 7 days, Sdox blunted phenylephrine- and high K+-induced contractions though at a concentration 10-fold higher than that of Dox. In conclusion, Sdox may represent the prototype of an innovative anthracycline, effective against Dox-resistant tumours, displaying a more favourable vascular toxicity profile compared to the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Durante
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Frosini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elda Chiaino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gamberucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Konstantin Chegaev
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Campiani G, Cavella C, Osko JD, Brindisi M, Relitti N, Brogi S, Saraswati AP, Federico S, Chemi G, Maramai S, Carullo G, Jaeger B, Carleo A, Benedetti R, Sarno F, Lamponi S, Rottoli P, Bargagli E, Bertucci C, Tedesco D, Herp D, Senger J, Ruberti G, Saccoccia F, Saponara S, Gorelli B, Valoti M, Kennedy B, Sundaramurthi H, Butini S, Jung M, Roach KM, Altucci L, Bradding P, Christianson DW, Gemma S, Prasse A. Harnessing the Role of HDAC6 in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Design, Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Biological Evaluation of Potent Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9960-9988. [PMID: 34251197 PMCID: PMC8300879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by a progressive-fibrosing phenotype. IPF has been associated with aberrant HDAC activities confirmed by our immunohistochemistry studies on HDAC6 overexpression in IPF lung tissues. We herein developed a series of novel hHDAC6 inhibitors, having low inhibitory potency over hHDAC1 and hHDAC8, as potential pharmacological tools for IPF treatment. Their inhibitory potency was combined with low in vitro and in vivo toxicity. Structural analysis of 6h and structure-activity relationship studies contributed to the optimization of the binding mode of the new molecules. The best-performing analogues were tested for their efficacy in inhibiting fibrotic sphere formation and cell viability, proving their capability in reverting the IPF phenotype. The efficacy of analogue 6h was also determined in a validated human lung model of TGF-β1-dependent fibrogenesis. The results highlighted in this manuscript may pave the way for the identification of first-in-class molecules for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Campiani
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Cavella
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jeremy D. Osko
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Prasanth Saraswati
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Federico
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Chemi
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Samuele Maramai
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Benedikt Jaeger
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Alfonso Carleo
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Sarno
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Rottoli
- University of Siena, Specialization School of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Centro didattico Le Scotte, , 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Bargagli
- University of Siena, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases Unit, AOUS, Centro didattico Le Scotte, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Bertucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Daniele Tedesco
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Daniel Herp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Senger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giovina Ruberti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Fulvio Saccoccia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Breándan Kennedy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Husvinee Sundaramurthi
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefania Butini
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katy M. Roach
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK, Institute of Lung Health and NIHR Leicester BRC-Respiratory, LE5 4PW, Leicester, UK
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Peter Bradding
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK, Institute of Lung Health and NIHR Leicester BRC-Respiratory, LE5 4PW, Leicester, UK
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Sandra Gemma
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Antje Prasse
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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7
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Grillo A, Fezza F, Chemi G, Colangeli R, Brogi S, Fazio D, Federico S, Papa A, Relitti N, Di Maio R, Giorgi G, Lamponi S, Valoti M, Gorelli B, Saponara S, Benedusi M, Pecorelli A, Minetti P, Valacchi G, Butini S, Campiani G, Gemma S, Maccarrone M, Di Giovanni G. Selective Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors as Potential Novel Antiepileptic Agents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1716-1736. [PMID: 33890763 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of epilepsy, and current antiepileptic drugs are ineffective in many patients. The endocannabinoid system has been associated with an on-demand protective response to seizures. Blocking endocannabinoid catabolism would elicit antiepileptic effects, devoid of psychotropic effects. We herein report the discovery of selective anandamide catabolic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors with promising antiepileptic efficacy, starting from a further investigation of our prototypical inhibitor 2a. When tested in two rodent models of epilepsy, 2a reduced the severity of the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus and the elongation of the hippocampal maximal dentate activation. Notably, 2a did not affect hippocampal dentate gyrus long-term synaptic plasticity. These data prompted our further endeavor aiming at discovering new antiepileptic agents, developing a new set of FAAH inhibitors (3a-m). Biological studies highlighted 3h and 3m as the best performing analogues to be further investigated. In cell-based studies, using a neuroblastoma cell line, 3h and 3m could reduce the oxinflammation state by decreasing DNA-binding activity of NF-kB p65, devoid of cytotoxic effect. Unwanted cardiac effects were excluded for 3h (Langendorff perfused rat heart). Finally, the new analogue 3h reduced the severity of the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus as observed for 2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Grillo
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Filomena Fezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine Tor Vergata, University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00121 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Chemi
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Colangeli
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Domenico Fazio
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Federico
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Papa
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Maio
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261 Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mascia Benedusi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, NC Research Campus, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, 28081 North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, NC Research Campus, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, 28081 North Carolina, United States
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 02447 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio snc, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta
- Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT Cardiff, United Kingdom
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8
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Pessina F, Frosini M, Marcolongo P, Fusi F, Saponara S, Gamberucci A, Valoti M, Giustarini D, Fiorenzani P, Gorelli B, Francardi V, Botta M, Dreassi E. Antihypertensive, cardio- and neuro-protective effects of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) defatted larvae in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233788. [PMID: 32470081 PMCID: PMC7259609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pessina
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e dello Sviluppo, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Frosini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Paola Marcolongo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e dello Sviluppo, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gamberucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e dello Sviluppo, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Giustarini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiorenzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Neuroscienze, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Valeria Francardi
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di ricerca Difesa e Certificazione (CREA-DC), Impruneta (Firenze), Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
- Lead Discovery Siena Srl, Castelnuovo Berardenga, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
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9
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Brindisi M, Maramai S, Gemma S, Brogi S, Grillo A, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Gabellieri E, Lamponi S, Saponara S, Gorelli B, Tedesco D, Bonfiglio T, Landry C, Jung KM, Armirotti A, Luongo L, Ligresti A, Piscitelli F, Bertucci C, Dehouck MP, Campiani G, Maione S, Ghelardini C, Pittaluga A, Piomelli D, Di Marzo V, Butini S. Development and Pharmacological Characterization of Selective Blockers of 2-Arachidonoyl Glycerol Degradation with Efficacy in Rodent Models of Multiple Sclerosis and Pain. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2612-32. [PMID: 26888301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery of compound 4a, a potent β-lactam-based monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitor characterized by an irreversible and stereoselective mechanism of action, high membrane permeability, high brain penetration evaluated using a human in vitro blood-brain barrier model, high selectivity in binding and affinity-based proteomic profiling assays, and low in vitro toxicity. Mode-of-action studies demonstrate that 4a, by blocking MGL, increases 2-arachidonoylglycerol and behaves as a cannabinoid (CB1/CB2) receptor indirect agonist. Administration of 4a in mice suffering from experimental autoimmune encephalitis ameliorates the severity of the clinical symptoms in a CB1/CB2-dependent manner. Moreover, 4a produced analgesic effects in a rodent model of acute inflammatory pain, which was antagonized by CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists. 4a also relieves the neuropathic hypersensitivity induced by oxaliplatin. Given these evidence, 4a, as MGL selective inhibitor, could represent a valuable lead for the future development of therapeutic options for multiple sclerosis and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Brindisi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Samuele Maramai
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grillo
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Firenze , V.le G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Emanuele Gabellieri
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniele Tedesco
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bonfiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova , Viale Cembrano 4, Genova, 16148, Italy
| | - Christophe Landry
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), University of Artois , EA 2465, F62300 Lens, France
| | - Kwang-Mook Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California , Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", Second University of Napoli , 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR , 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR , 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Carlo Bertucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marie-Pierre Dehouck
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), University of Artois , EA 2465, F62300 Lens, France
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", Second University of Napoli , 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Firenze , V.le G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova , Viale Cembrano 4, Genova, 16148, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova , Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California , Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR , 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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10
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Brindisi M, Butini S, Franceschini S, Brogi S, Trotta F, Ros S, Cagnotto A, Salmona M, Casagni A, Andreassi M, Saponara S, Gorelli B, Weikop P, Mikkelsen JD, Scheel-Kruger J, Sandager-Nielsen K, Novellino E, Campiani G, Gemma S. Targeting Dopamine D3 and Serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A Receptors for Developing Effective Antipsychotics: Synthesis, Biological Characterization, and Behavioral Studies. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9578-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501119j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alfredo Cagnotto
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Simona Saponara
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Pia Weikop
- Laboratory
of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3 DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens D. Mikkelsen
- Neurobiology
Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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11
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Ferrara A, Fusi F, Gorelli B, Sgaragli G, Saponara S. Effects of freeze-dried red wine on cardiac function and ECG of the Langendorff-perfused rat heart. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:171-4. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of freeze-dried red wine (FDRW) on cardiac function and electrocardiogram (ECG) in Langendorff-isolated rat hearts was investigated. FDRW significantly decreased left ventricular pressure and coronary perfusion pressure, the latter being dependent on the activation of both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and eNOS. FDRW did not affect the QRS and QT interval in the ECG, although at 56 μg of gallic acid equivalents/mL, it prolonged PQ interval and induced a second-degree atrioventricular block in 3 out of 6 hearts. This is the first study demonstrating that at concentrations resembling a moderate consumption of red wine, FDRW exhibited negative inotropic and coronary vasodilating activity leaving unaltered ECG, whereas at very high concentrations, it induced arrhythmogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Ferrara
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giampietro Sgaragli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Accademia Italiana della Vite e del Vino, Via XXVIII Aprile, 26 Conegliano Treviso, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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12
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Frosini M, Larini A, Ricci L, Lucas L, Gorelli B, Sgaragli G, Tanganelli P, Valoti M. Effects of autologous, cross-linked erythrocytes on isolated hypoperfused rabbit heart dynamics. Pharmacology 2012; 90:274-80. [PMID: 23038665 DOI: 10.1159/000341910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at assessing the effects of either red blood cells (RBC) or RBC cross-linked with the bifunctional dimethyl suberimidate reagent (C-RBC) on contractile force (CFo), heart rate (HR) and coronary flow (CF) of the isolated rabbit heart hypoperfused with RBC suspensions under 30 mm Hg constant pressure. RBC or C-RBC caused a rapid and marked reduction of CF, CFo and HR. In RBC-treated hearts, however, reperfusion with Tyrode solution partially restored the initial myocardial parameters, while in C-RBC-treated hearts a rapid impairment of diastolic relaxation with a subsequent, steady and increasing heart contracture was observed. Histological analysis showed that in C-RBC-perfused hearts either capillaries or precapillary arterioles were occluded by C-RBC in spite of extensive washings with Tyrode solution. These findings indicate that C-RBC impair coronary circulation markedly and irreversibly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Frosini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy.
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13
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Gemma S, Camodeca C, Sanna Coccone S, Joshi BP, Bernetti M, Moretti V, Brogi S, Bonache de Marcos MC, Savini L, Taramelli D, Basilico N, Parapini S, Rottmann M, Brun R, Lamponi S, Caccia S, Guiso G, Summers RL, E. Martin R, Saponara S, Gorelli B, Novellino E, Campiani G, Butini S. Optimization of 4-Aminoquinoline/Clotrimazole-Based Hybrid Antimalarials: Further Structure–Activity Relationships, in Vivo Studies, and Preliminary Toxicity Profiling. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6948-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300802s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gemma
- CIRM Centro Interuniversitario
di Ricerche sulla Malaria, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Caterina Camodeca
- CIRM Centro Interuniversitario
di Ricerche sulla Malaria, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sanna Coccone
- CIRM Centro Interuniversitario
di Ricerche sulla Malaria, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Bhupendra P. Joshi
- CIRM Centro Interuniversitario
di Ricerche sulla Malaria, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Bernetti
- CIRM Centro Interuniversitario
di Ricerche sulla Malaria, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Vittoria Moretti
- CIRM Centro Interuniversitario
di Ricerche sulla Malaria, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- CIRM Centro Interuniversitario
di Ricerche sulla Malaria, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Savini
- CIRM Centro Interuniversitario
di Ricerche sulla Malaria, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Donatella Taramelli
- CIRM Centro Interuniversitario
di Ricerche sulla Malaria, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmacologiche
e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Basilico
- CIRM Centro Interuniversitario
di Ricerche sulla Malaria, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche,
Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Parapini
- CIRM Centro Interuniversitario
di Ricerche sulla Malaria, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmacologiche
e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matthias Rottmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel,
Switzerland and University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Brun
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel,
Switzerland and University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- CIRM Centro Interuniversitario
di Ricerche sulla Malaria, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvio Caccia
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Via la Masa
19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Guiso
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Via la Masa
19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Robert L. Summers
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200,
Australia
| | - Rowena E. Martin
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200,
Australia
| | - Simona Saponara
- Dipartimento di
Neuroscienze, University of Siena, via
A. Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Dipartimento di
Neuroscienze, University of Siena, via
A. Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica
e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- CIRM Centro Interuniversitario
di Ricerche sulla Malaria, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- CIRM Centro Interuniversitario
di Ricerche sulla Malaria, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Saponara S, Gorelli B, Tzankova V, Martelli C, Teodori E, Sgaragli G, Fusi F. The novel potent multidrug resistance inhibitors N,N-bis(cyclohexanol)amine aryl esters are devoid of vascular effects. Pharmacology 2011; 88:137-41. [PMID: 21921667 DOI: 10.1159/000330452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the four isomers (3a, 3b, 3c and 3d) of a novel multidrug resistance-reverting agent - 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 4-(methyl-{4-[3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acryloyloxy]cyclohexyl}amino)cyclohexyl ester - on vascular functions in vitro. A comparison of their mechanical and electrophysiological actions in rat aorta rings and single rat tail artery myocytes, respectively, was performed. In rat aorta rings, 3a-d antagonized both 60 mmol/l K(+)- and phenylephrine-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner, with maximal relaxation values averaging 50% of controls, 3d being the most effective of the series. The vasorelaxing effect was similar either in presence or absence of intact endothelium. In rat tail artery myocytes, out of the four isomers, only 3a consistently inhibited Ba(2+) current through Ca(v)1.2 channels. Our results provide functional evidence that 3a-d are weak vasorelaxing agents, although at concentrations much higher than those effective for multidrug resistance reversion in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Saponara
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Saponara S, Ferrara A, Gorelli B, Shah A, Kawase M, Motohashi N, Molnar J, Sgaragli G, Fusi F. 3,5-Dibenzoyl-4-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine (DP7): A new multidrug resistance inhibitor devoid of effects on Langendorff-perfused rat heart. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 563:160-3. [PMID: 17349992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac effects of 3,5-dibenzoyl-4-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine (DP7), a novel multidrug resistance (MDR) inhibitor, in Langendorff-perfused rat heart have been investigated and compared to that of nifedipine. Nifedipine decreased concentration-dependently (IC50=8.89+/-1.09x10(-8) M) left ventricular pressure leaving unaltered coronary perfusion pressure, whereas DP7 did not affect both parameters. Nifedipine did not modify both QRS and QT intervals of electrocardiogram (ECG). Second-degree atrioventricular block or ventricular rhythm occurred in presence of nifedipine, however, in 4 out of 6 hearts. DP7, up to 30 microM, failed to alter ECG parameters. In conclusion, DP7, may represent a lead compound for the development of potent dihydropyridine MDR chemosensitizers devoid of cardiac effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Saponara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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16
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Fusi F, Saponara S, Frosini M, Gorelli B, Sgaragli G. L-type Ca2+ channels activation and contraction elicited by myricetin on vascular smooth muscles. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2003; 368:470-8. [PMID: 14618297 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-003-0836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2003] [Accepted: 09/23/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of myricetin (3,3',4',5,5',7-hesahydroxyflavone), a natural flavonoid found in edible plants, were studied on vascular smooth muscle L-type Ca(2+) channels by comparing its mechanical, radioligand binding, and electrophysiological properties to those of the Ca(2+) channel agonist (S)-(-)-Bay K 8644. In rat aorta rings, both myricetin and (S)-(-)-Bay K 8644 induced contractile responses, which were dependent upon prior exposure to K(+). At 15 mM K(+) (K15) the pEC(50) values for myricetin and (S)-(-)-Bay K 8644 were 4.43+/-0.03 and 7.92+/-0.13, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum tension response to myricetin was not significantly different from that elicited by either (S)-(-)-Bay K 8644 or K60. The Ca(2+) channel blockers nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem antagonised and fully reverted myricetin-, (S)-(-)-Bay K 8644- as well as K60-induced contractions. Both myricetin and (S)-(-)-Bay K 8644 potentiated rat aorta ring responses to K(+), shifting the K(+) concentration-response curve to the left. (S)-(-)-Bay K 8644, but not myricetin, inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner (+)-[(3)H]PN200-110 binding in porcine aortic membranes. Electrophysiological recordings from single rat tail artery myocytes, under amphotericin B-perforated as well as conventional methods, showed that both myricetin and (S)-(-)-Bay K 8644 increased L-type Ba(2+) current (I(Ba(L))) and shifted the maximum of the current-voltage relationship by 10 mV in the hyperpolarising direction, without, however, modifying the threshold potential. Furthermore, (S)-(-)-Bay K 8644 accelerated both activation and inactivation kinetics of I(Ba(L)) while myricetin slowed down the activation kinetics. Finally, both (S)-(-)-Bay K 8644 and myricetin slowed down deactivation kinetics of I(Ba(L)). These results suggest that myricetin induces vasoconstriction by activating L-type Ca(2+) channel with similar efficacy but a site of action different to that of (S)-(-)-Bay K 8644.
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MESH Headings
- 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester/antagonists & inhibitors
- 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Arteries
- Calcium Channel Agonists/pharmacology
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/drug effects
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/physiology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Interactions
- Electrophysiology
- Flavonoids/antagonists & inhibitors
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle Contraction/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Potassium/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Swine
- Tail
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fusi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Fusi F, Saponara S, Pessina F, Gorelli B, Sgaragli G. Effects of quercetin and rutin on vascular preparations: a comparison between mechanical and electrophysiological phenomena. Eur J Nutr 2003; 42:10-7. [PMID: 12594537 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-003-0395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have indicated that quercetin promotes relaxation of vascular smooth muscle both in vivo and in vitro. However, Saponara et al. [(2002) Br J Pharmacol 135: 1819-1827] have demonstrated that quercetin is an activator of vascular L-type Ca(2+) channels. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the mechanical and electrophysiological properties of quercetin and its rutoside, rutin, in an attempt to clarify how Ca(2+) channel activation might be related to the myorelaxing activity. METHODS Aorta ring preparations and single tail artery myocytes were employed for functional and patch-clamp experiments, respectively. RESULTS Rutin was found to relax intact rat aorta rings, which had been precontracted with phenylephrine (pIC(50) = 5.65 +/- 0.31) but in contrast had no effect on depolarised (60 mM K(+)) preparations or on those from which the endothelium had been removed. Furthermore, rutin did not affect L-type Ca(2+) current recorded in rat tail artery myocytes. The quercetin-induced relaxation of intact rings precontracted with phenylephrine exhibited two components characterised by 6.23 +/- 0.38 and 4.66 +/- 0.09 pIC(50), respectively. Removal of the endothelium abolished the first component, leaving the second unaltered. Moreover, quercetin was found to relax 60 mM K(+) depolarised rings with a pIC(50) of 4.59 +/- 0.03. The application of quercetin in isolated smooth muscle cells brought about a marked increase of L-type Ca(2+) current (pEC(50) = 5.09 +/- 0.05). Unlike quercetin, Bay K 8644 contracted aorta rings preincubated with 10, 20 or 30 mM K(+). The myotonic effect of Bay K 8644 was observed both in the absence or presence of 30 microM quercetin. The application of Bay K 8644 (10-100 nM) caused a further significant increase in L-type Ca(2+) current in rat tail artery myocytes stimulated with 30 microM quercetin. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin is a naturally occurring L-type Ca(2+) channel agonist. This effect, however, is overwhelmed by quercetin-induced vasorelaxation taking place via pathways which are more relevant than L-type Ca(2+) influx in the hierarchy of functional competencies.
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MESH Headings
- 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta
- Calcium Channel Agonists/pharmacology
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/drug effects
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electrophysiology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Potassium Channels/drug effects
- Potassium Channels/metabolism
- Quercetin/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Rutin/pharmacology
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fusi
- Istituto di Scienze Farmacologiche, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, Italy
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Pessina F, Matteucci G, Esposito L, Gorelli B, Valoti M, Sgaragli G. Protection of intrinsic nerves of guinea-pig detrusor strips against anoxia/glucopenia and reperfusion injury by taurine. Adv Exp Med Biol 2002; 483:325-33. [PMID: 11787616 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46838-7_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
There is ample evidence that ischaemia is associated with partial denervation of the detrusor muscle and that this is responsible for much of its abnormal contractile behaviour, resulting in bladder dysfunction (instability). In guinea-pig nerves are very susceptible to the ischaemic damage as compared to the muscle cells. The purpose of this study was to assess the neuroprotection afforded by taurine on guinea-pig detrusor under ischaemic-like conditions. Guinea-pig detrusor strips were subjected for 60 min to ischaemic-like conditions, followed by 150 min reperfusion. Intrinsic nerves underwent every 30 min electrical field stimulation (EFS) by 5-s trains of square voltage pulses of 0.05 ms duration (15 Hz, 50 V). Detrusor strips were perfused with 0.1, 1, 3 or 10 mM taurine during the ischaemia-like exposure and the first 30 min of reperfusion. Taurine (1 and 3 mM) significantly improved the response of the strips to EFS both at the end of ischaemia and reperfusion. On the contrary, neither 0.1 nor 10 mM taurine had significant effects. It is concluded that taurine can partially counteract the ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the guinea-pig urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pessina
- Istituto di Scienze Farmacologiche, Siena, Italia
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Fusi F, Marazova K, Pessina F, Gorelli B, Valoti M, Frosini M, Sgaragli G. On the mechanisms of the antispasmodic action of some hindered phenols in rat aorta rings. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 394:109-15. [PMID: 10771042 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The antispasmodic effects of 3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) and some structurally related compounds were investigated in endothelium-intact rat aorta rings. Nordihydroguaieretic acid (NDGA), BHA, 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (DTBHA), 2,6-di-isopropyl phenol (propofol) and 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3'-di-t-butyl-5, 5'-dimethoxydiphenyl (DIBHA) did not cause relaxation when added at the plateau of phenylephrine-evoked contraction, nor did they affect the concentration-relaxation curve for acetylcholine in precontracted rings. In rings depolarised with physiological salt solution (PSS) containing 40 mM K(+), NDGA, BHA, DTBHA, 2, 5-di-t-butyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone (BHQ), propofol and nifedipine, but not DIBHA, inhibited the contraction induced by cumulative addition of Ca(2+) (0.05-10 mM) in a concentration-dependent manner; this inhibition was inversely related to the Ca(2+) concentration. In 40 mM K(+) PSS, 25 nM nifedipine blocked the 1 mM Ca(2+)-induced contraction, whereas 50 microM DTBHA, NDGA, BHA, BHQ and propofol significantly antagonised it by 84.4%, 73.0%, 52.8%, 45.6% and 35.7%, respectively. In the presence of 1 microM methyl-1,4-dihydro-2, 6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyridine-5-carboxylate (Bay K 8644), the response to Ca(2+) did not differ from control values with nifedipine and BHQ, was partially restored with DTBHA and NDGA, and was not affected with BHA and propofol. Nifedipine markedly inhibited (85.2%) the Ba(2+)-induced contraction and this effect was totally reversed by Bay K 8644. BHA and DTBHA showed antispasmodic activity (45.3% and 43.1%, respectively) which was partly reversed by Bay K 8644. In contrast, Bay K 8644 did not affect the inhibition exerted by BHQ, NDGA and propofol (69.5%, 53. 3% and 46.1%, respectively). Nifedipine, BHA, DTBHA, propofol and NDGA inhibited the contractile response to 1 mM Ca(2+) of aorta rings depolarised with 40 or 80 mM K(+) PSS to a similar extent. Cromakalim inhibited the Ca(2+)-evoked contraction only in 30 mM K(+) PSS and BHQ only in 80 mM K(+) PSS. DIBHA had no effect on this model. Cromakalim, but not BHA, stimulated 86Rb(+) efflux from ring preparations. In 80 mM K(+) PSS containing 1 microM nifedipine, only papaverine affected the phenylephrine-induced contraction. Moreover, when the rings were preincubated with 1 mM Ni(2+), the response to phenylephrine in the presence of BHQ was significantly reduced. In conclusion, we propose that BHA may non-specifically inhibit Ca(2+) influx at the plasmalemma level rather than affect the function of K(+) channels, Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores or endothelium-dependent relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fusi
- Istituto di Scienze Farmacologiche, Università di Siena, via E.S. Piccolomini 170, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Abstract
To characterise the pharmacological activity of 2,5-di-t-butyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone (BHQ) on vascular smooth muscle, the different effects of BHQ on rat aorta were investigated under several experimental conditions. In aortic rings at rest or depolarised with 80 mM K+ in the presence of 1 microM nifedipine, BHQ evoked a slow tonic contraction which was antagonised by 1 mM Ni2+. Depolarised rings contracted in response to addition of 1 mM Ca2+, with an EC50 value of 32.4+/-1.0 mM for K+. At 20 mM K+, Ca2+-induced contraction was enhanced by BHQ. This effect was antagonised by 1 mM Ni2+, but not by 1 microM nifedipine. By contrast, at 40, 80 and 128 mM K+, BHQ antagonised Ca2+-induced contraction. This effect was partially reversed by 1 microM methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyri dine-5-carboxylate (Bay K 8644) or by increasing extracellular Ca2+ concentration. In the presence of nifedipine and Ni2+, depolarised rings (80 mM K+) contracted in response to addition of 1 microM phenylephrine; this response was fast and then slowly decreased. When the preparations were preincubated with BHQ, the phenylephrine-induced contraction was transient and antagonised in a concentration-dependent manner by BHQ. These results indicate that the myotonic effect of BHQ on rat aortic rings depends on activation of Ca2+ influx via a Ni2+-sensitive pathway, whereas its myolytic activity is due either to antagonism of Ca2+ entry via L-type Ca2+ channels or depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fusi
- Istituto di Scienze Farmacologiche, Università di Siena, Italy.
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Abstract
1. The calcium antagonist and antioxidant activities of certain synthetic and natural phenols, related to BHA (2-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol), were evaluated in rat ileal longitudinal muscle and in lipid peroxidation models respectively. 2. Compounds with a phenol or a phenol derivative moiety, with the exception of 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,-3'-di-t-butyl-5,5'-dimethoxydiphenyl (di-BHA), inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the BaCl2-induced contraction of muscle incubated in a Ca(2+)-free medium. Calculated pIC50 (M) values ranged between 3.32 (probucol) and 4.96 [3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (di-t-BHA)], with intermediate activity shown by khellin < gossypol < quercetin < 3-t-butylanisole < BHA < nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) < 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and papaverine. 3. The Ca2+ channel activator Bay K 8644 overcame the inhibition sustained by nifedipine, BHA and BHT, while only partially reversing that of papaverine. 4. BHA, BHT, nifedipine and papaverine also inhibited in a concentration-dependent fashion CaCl2 contractions of muscle depolarized by a K(+)-rich medium. This inhibition appeared to be inversely affected by the Ca(2+)-concentration used. 5. The inhibitory effects of nifedipine, papaverine, BHA and BHT were no longer present when muscle contraction was elicited in skinned fibres by 5 microM Ca2+ or 500 microM Ba2+, suggesting a plasmalemmal involvement of target sites in spasmolysis. 6. Comparative antioxidant capability was assessed in two peroxyl radical scavenging assay systems. These were based either on the oxidation of linoleic acid initiated by a heat labile azo compound or on lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomes promoted by Fe2+ ions. Across both model systems,di-t-BHA, NDGA, BHT, di-BHA, BHA and quercetin ranked as the most potent inhibitors of lipid oxidation, with calculated pICso (M) values ranging between 7.4 and 5.7.7. Of the 32 compounds studied only 15 phenolic derivatives exhibited both antispasmogenic andantioxidant activity. Within this subgroup a linear and significant correlation was found betweenantispasmogenic activity and antioxidation. These bifunctional compounds were characterized by the presence of at least one hydroxyl group on the aromatic ring and a highly lipophilic area in the molecule.8. Di-t-BHA is proposed as a lead reference compound for future synthesis of new antioxidants combining two potentially useful properties in the prevention of tissue damage after ischaemia reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Sgaragli
- Istituto di Scienze Farmacologiche, Siena, Italy
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Frosini M, Gorelli B, Matteini M, Palmi M, Valoti M, Sgaragli GP. HPLC determination of inorganic cation levels in CSF and plasma of conscious rabbits. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 1993; 29:99-104. [PMID: 8318720 DOI: 10.1016/1056-8719(93)90057-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An HPLC method is described using conductimetric detection for the quantitative determination of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of conscious rabbits. This method enabled the four cations to be estimated with rapidity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The mean millimolar concentrations +/- SD found in CSF and (plasma) of 15 untreated animals were as follows: sodium, 146.96 +/- 17.84 (135.06 +/- 20.11); potassium, 3.32 +/- 0.56 (4.57 +/- 1.03); magnesium, 0.90 +/- 0.20 (0.72 +/- 0.13); and calcium, 1.47 +/- 0.19 (3.32 +/- 0.59).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Frosini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sul Metabolismo dei Farmaci Psicotropi, Istituto di Scienze Farmacologische, Siena, Italiy
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Mantovani P, Taddei E, Gorelli B, Santicioli P. Effect of bromocriptine and ergometrine on striatal acetylcholine content in the rat. Agressologie 1988; 29:19-20. [PMID: 3394897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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