1
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Serafini RA, Frere JJ, tenOever B, Zachariou V. SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Induce Longitudinal Transcriptomic Changes in Hamster Spinal Cord Tissue. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2024; 49:364-367. [PMID: 37389976 PMCID: PMC10753030 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Randal A. Serafini
- Friedman Brain Institute & Nash Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Biophysics, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine at Boston University
| | - Justin J. Frere
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY
| | - Benjamin tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY
| | - Venetia Zachariou
- Friedman Brain Institute & Nash Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Biophysics, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine at Boston University
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2
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Higgins CA, Nilsson-Payant BE, Bonaventure B, Kurland AP, Ye C, Yaron TM, Johnson JL, Adhikary P, Golynker I, Panis M, Danziger O, Rosenberg BR, Cantley LC, Martínez-Sobrido L, tenOever B, Johnson JR. SARS-CoV-2 hijacks p38β/MAPK11 to promote virus replication. mBio 2023; 14:e0100723. [PMID: 37345956 PMCID: PMC10470746 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01007-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, drastically modifies infected cells to optimize virus replication. One such modification is the activation of the host p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which plays a major role in inflammatory cytokine production, a hallmark of severe COVID-19. We previously demonstrated that inhibition of p38/MAPK activity in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells reduced both cytokine production and viral replication. Here, we combined quantitative genetic screening, genomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics to better understand mechanisms underlying the dependence of SARS-CoV-2 on the p38 pathway. We found that p38β is a critical host factor for SARS-CoV-2 replication in multiple relevant cell lines and that it functions at a step after viral mRNA expression. We identified putative host and viral p38β substrates in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and found that most host substrates have intrinsic antiviral activities. Taken together, this study reveals a unique proviral function for p38β and supports exploring p38β inhibitor development as a strategy toward creating a new class of COVID-19 therapies. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic that has claimed millions of lives since its emergence in 2019. SARS-CoV-2 infection of human cells requires the activity of several cellular pathways for successful replication. One such pathway, the p38 MAPK pathway, is required for virus replication and disease pathogenesis. Here, we applied systems biology approaches to understand how MAPK pathways benefit SARS-CoV-2 replication to inform the development of novel COVID-19 drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Higgins
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health , New York, New York, USA
- Vilcek Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences, New York University Langone Health , New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Boris Bonaventure
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew P Kurland
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York, USA
| | - Chengjin Ye
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute , San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Tomer M Yaron
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York, USA
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, New York, USA
| | - Jared L Johnson
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prithy Adhikary
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York, USA
| | - Ilona Golynker
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health , New York, New York, USA
| | - Maryline Panis
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health , New York, New York, USA
| | - Oded Danziger
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York, USA
| | - Brad R Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Benjamin tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health , New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York, USA
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3
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Stevens CS, Lowry J, Juelich T, Atkins C, Johnson K, Smith JK, Panis M, Ikegami T, tenOever B, Freiberg AN, Lee B. Nipah Virus Bangladesh Infection Elicits Organ-Specific Innate and Inflammatory Responses in the Marmoset Model. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:604-614. [PMID: 36869692 PMCID: PMC10469344 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is increasingly recognized as an ideal nonhuman primate (NHP) at high biocontainment due to its smaller size and relative ease of handling. Here, we evaluated the susceptibility and pathogenesis of Nipah virus Bangladesh strain (NiVB) infection in marmosets at biosafety level 4. Infection via the intranasal and intratracheal route resulted in fatal disease in all 4 infected marmosets. Three developed pulmonary edema and hemorrhage as well as multifocal hemorrhagic lymphadenopathy, while 1 recapitulated neurologic clinical manifestations and cardiomyopathy on gross pathology. Organ-specific innate and inflammatory responses were characterized by RNA sequencing in 6 different tissues from infected and control marmosets. Notably, a unique transcriptome was revealed in the brainstem of the marmoset exhibiting neurological signs. Our results provide a more comprehensive understanding of NiV pathogenesis in an accessible and novel NHP model, closely reflecting clinical disease as observed in NiV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Stevens
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jake Lowry
- Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Terry Juelich
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Colm Atkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Kendra Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer K Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Maryline Panis
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, New York, New YorkUSA
| | - Tetsuro Ikegami
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, New York, New YorkUSA
| | - Alexander N Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Goodrum F, Lowen AC, Lakdawala S, Alwine J, Casadevall A, Imperiale MJ, Atwood W, Avgousti D, Baines J, Banfield B, Banks L, Bhaduri-McIntosh S, Bhattacharya D, Blanco-Melo D, Bloom D, Boon A, Boulant S, Brandt C, Broadbent A, Brooke C, Cameron C, Campos S, Caposio P, Chan G, Cliffe A, Coffin J, Collins K, Damania B, Daugherty M, Debbink K, DeCaprio J, Dermody T, Dikeakos J, DiMaio D, Dinglasan R, Duprex WP, Dutch R, Elde N, Emerman M, Enquist L, Fane B, Fernandez-Sesma A, Flenniken M, Frappier L, Frieman M, Frueh K, Gack M, Gaglia M, Gallagher T, Galloway D, García-Sastre A, Geballe A, Glaunsinger B, Goff S, Greninger A, Hancock M, Harris E, Heaton N, Heise M, Heldwein E, Hogue B, Horner S, Hutchinson E, Hyser J, Jackson W, Kalejta R, Kamil J, Karst S, Kirchhoff F, Knipe D, Kowalik T, Lagunoff M, Laimins L, Langlois R, Lauring A, Lee B, Leib D, Liu SL, Longnecker R, Lopez C, Luftig M, Lund J, Manicassamy B, McFadden G, McIntosh M, Mehle A, Miller WA, Mohr I, Moody C, Moorman N, Moscona A, Mounce B, Munger J, Münger K, Murphy E, Naghavi M, Nelson J, Neufeldt C, Nikolich J, O'Connor C, Ono A, Orenstein W, Ornelles D, Ou JH, Parker J, Parrish C, Pekosz A, Pellett P, Pfeiffer J, Plemper R, Polyak S, Purdy J, Pyeon D, Quinones-Mateu M, Renne R, Rice C, Schoggins J, Roller R, Russell C, Sandri-Goldin R, Sapp M, Schang L, Schmid S, Schultz-Cherry S, Semler B, Shenk T, Silvestri G, Simon V, Smith G, Smith J, Spindler K, Stanifer M, Subbarao K, Sundquist W, Suthar M, Sutton T, Tai A, Tarakanova V, tenOever B, Tibbetts S, Tompkins S, Toth Z, van Doorslaer K, Vignuzzi M, Wallace N, Walsh D, Weekes M, Weinberg J, Weitzman M, Weller S, Whelan S, White E, Williams B, Wobus C, Wong S, Yurochko A. Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse. mSphere 2023; 8:e0003423. [PMID: 36700653 PMCID: PMC10117089 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00034-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 60+ years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Goodrum
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Anice C Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Seema Lakdawala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James Alwine
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Imperiale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Daphne Avgousti
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | - David Bloom
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Adrianus Boon
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Curtis Brandt
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Craig Cameron
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Gary Chan
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Anna Cliffe
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John Coffin
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Blossom Damania
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Kari Debbink
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - W Paul Duprex
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Nels Elde
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael Emerman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lynn Enquist
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Klaus Frueh
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Michaela Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Marta Gaglia
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Denise Galloway
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Adam Geballe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Meaghan Hancock
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Mark Heise
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy Kamil
- Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | - David Knipe
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Langlois
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adam Lauring
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Leib
- Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Lund
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Mehle
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Ian Mohr
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cary Moody
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Karl Münger
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eain Murphy
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - Jay Nelson
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | - Akira Ono
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - David Ornelles
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jing-Hsiung Ou
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Purdy
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Rolf Renne
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles Rice
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Charles Russell
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Martin Sapp
- Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bert Semler
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Thomas Shenk
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Viviana Simon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jason Smith
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Kanta Subbarao
- The Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Troy Sutton
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Tai
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Zsolt Toth
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Derek Walsh
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Weller
- University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sean Whelan
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott Wong
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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5
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Paget M, Cadena C, Ahmad S, Wang HT, Jordan TX, Kim E, Koo B, Lyons SM, Ivanov P, tenOever B, Mu X, Hur S. Stress granules are shock absorbers that prevent excessive innate immune responses to dsRNA. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1180-1196.e8. [PMID: 37028415 PMCID: PMC10170497 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Proper defense against microbial infection depends on the controlled activation of the immune system. This is particularly important for the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), which recognize viral dsRNA and initiate antiviral innate immune responses with the potential of triggering systemic inflammation and immunopathology. Here, we show that stress granules (SGs), molecular condensates that form in response to various stresses including viral dsRNA, play key roles in the controlled activation of RLR signaling. Without the SG nucleators G3BP1/2 and UBAP2L, dsRNA triggers excessive inflammation and immune-mediated apoptosis. In addition to exogenous dsRNA, host-derived dsRNA generated in response to ADAR1 deficiency is also controlled by SG biology. Intriguingly, SGs can function beyond immune control by suppressing viral replication independently of the RLR pathway. These observations thus highlight the multi-functional nature of SGs as cellular "shock absorbers" that converge on protecting cell homeostasis by dampening both toxic immune response and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Paget
- Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cristhian Cadena
- Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sadeem Ahmad
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hai-Tao Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tristan X Jordan
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ehyun Kim
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Beechui Koo
- Morrisey School of Arts and Science, Boston College, Boston, MA 02467, USA
| | - Shawn M Lyons
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pavel Ivanov
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xin Mu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sun Hur
- Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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6
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Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has been associated with substantial global morbidity and mortality. Despite a tropism that is largely confined to the airways, COVID-19 is associated with multiorgan dysfunction and long-term cognitive pathologies. A major driver of this biology stems from the combined effects of virus-mediated interference with the host antiviral defences in infected cells and the sensing of pathogen-associated material by bystander cells. Such a dynamic results in delayed induction of type I and III interferons (IFN-I and IFN-III) at the site of infection, but systemic IFN-I and IFN-III priming in distal organs and barrier epithelial surfaces, respectively. In this Review, we examine the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 biology and the cellular response to infection, detailing how antagonism and dysregulation of host innate immune defences contribute to disease severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Minkoff
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Goodrum F, Lowen AC, Lakdawala S, Alwine J, Casadevall A, Imperiale MJ, Atwood W, Avgousti D, Baines J, Banfield B, Banks L, Bhaduri-McIntosh S, Bhattacharya D, Blanco-Melo D, Bloom D, Boon A, Boulant S, Brandt C, Broadbent A, Brooke C, Cameron C, Campos S, Caposio P, Chan G, Cliffe A, Coffin J, Collins K, Damania B, Daugherty M, Debbink K, DeCaprio J, Dermody T, Dikeakos J, DiMaio D, Dinglasan R, Duprex WP, Dutch R, Elde N, Emerman M, Enquist L, Fane B, Fernandez-Sesma A, Flenniken M, Frappier L, Frieman M, Frueh K, Gack M, Gaglia M, Gallagher T, Galloway D, García-Sastre A, Geballe A, Glaunsinger B, Goff S, Greninger A, Hancock M, Harris E, Heaton N, Heise M, Heldwein E, Hogue B, Horner S, Hutchinson E, Hyser J, Jackson W, Kalejta R, Kamil J, Karst S, Kirchhoff F, Knipe D, Kowalik T, Lagunoff M, Laimins L, Langlois R, Lauring A, Lee B, Leib D, Liu SL, Longnecker R, Lopez C, Luftig M, Lund J, Manicassamy B, McFadden G, McIntosh M, Mehle A, Miller WA, Mohr I, Moody C, Moorman N, Moscona A, Mounce B, Munger J, Münger K, Murphy E, Naghavi M, Nelson J, Neufeldt C, Nikolich J, O'Connor C, Ono A, Orenstein W, Ornelles D, Ou JH, Parker J, Parrish C, Pekosz A, Pellett P, Pfeiffer J, Plemper R, Polyak S, Purdy J, Pyeon D, Quinones-Mateu M, Renne R, Rice C, Schoggins J, Roller R, Russell C, Sandri-Goldin R, Sapp M, Schang L, Schmid S, Schultz-Cherry S, Semler B, Shenk T, Silvestri G, Simon V, Smith G, Smith J, Spindler K, Stanifer M, Subbarao K, Sundquist W, Suthar M, Sutton T, Tai A, Tarakanova V, tenOever B, Tibbetts S, Tompkins S, Toth Z, van Doorslaer K, Vignuzzi M, Wallace N, Walsh D, Weekes M, Weinberg J, Weitzman M, Weller S, Whelan S, White E, Williams B, Wobus C, Wong S, Yurochko A. Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse. mBio 2023; 14:e0018823. [PMID: 36700642 PMCID: PMC9973315 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00188-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 60+ years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Goodrum
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Anice C. Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Seema Lakdawala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James Alwine
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J. Imperiale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Daphne Avgousti
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | - David Bloom
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Adrianus Boon
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Curtis Brandt
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Craig Cameron
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Gary Chan
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Anna Cliffe
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John Coffin
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Blossom Damania
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Kari Debbink
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nels Elde
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael Emerman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lynn Enquist
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Klaus Frueh
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Michaela Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Marta Gaglia
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Denise Galloway
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Adam Geballe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Meaghan Hancock
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Mark Heise
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy Kamil
- Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | - David Knipe
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Langlois
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adam Lauring
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Leib
- Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Lund
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Mehle
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Ian Mohr
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cary Moody
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Karl Münger
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eain Murphy
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - Jay Nelson
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | - Akira Ono
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - David Ornelles
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jing-hsiung Ou
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Purdy
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Rolf Renne
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles Rice
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Charles Russell
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Martin Sapp
- Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bert Semler
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Thomas Shenk
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Viviana Simon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jason Smith
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Kanta Subbarao
- The Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Troy Sutton
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Tai
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Zsolt Toth
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Derek Walsh
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Weller
- University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sean Whelan
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott Wong
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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8
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Goodrum F, Lowen AC, Lakdawala S, Alwine J, Casadevall A, Imperiale MJ, Atwood W, Avgousti D, Baines J, Banfield B, Banks L, Bhaduri-McIntosh S, Bhattacharya D, Blanco-Melo D, Bloom D, Boon A, Boulant S, Brandt C, Broadbent A, Brooke C, Cameron C, Campos S, Caposio P, Chan G, Cliffe A, Coffin J, Collins K, Damania B, Daugherty M, Debbink K, DeCaprio J, Dermody T, Dikeakos J, DiMaio D, Dinglasan R, Duprex WP, Dutch R, Elde N, Emerman M, Enquist L, Fane B, Fernandez-Sesma A, Flenniken M, Frappier L, Frieman M, Frueh K, Gack M, Gaglia M, Gallagher T, Galloway D, García-Sastre A, Geballe A, Glaunsinger B, Goff S, Greninger A, Hancock M, Harris E, Heaton N, Heise M, Heldwein E, Hogue B, Horner S, Hutchinson E, Hyser J, Jackson W, Kalejta R, Kamil J, Karst S, Kirchhoff F, Knipe D, Kowalik T, Lagunoff M, Laimins L, Langlois R, Lauring A, Lee B, Leib D, Liu SL, Longnecker R, Lopez C, Luftig M, Lund J, Manicassamy B, McFadden G, McIntosh M, Mehle A, Miller WA, Mohr I, Moody C, Moorman N, Moscona A, Mounce B, Munger J, Münger K, Murphy E, Naghavi M, Nelson J, Neufeldt C, Nikolich J, O'Connor C, Ono A, Orenstein W, Ornelles D, Ou JH, Parker J, Parrish C, Pekosz A, Pellett P, Pfeiffer J, Plemper R, Polyak S, Purdy J, Pyeon D, Quinones-Mateu M, Renne R, Rice C, Schoggins J, Roller R, Russell C, Sandri-Goldin R, Sapp M, Schang L, Schmid S, Schultz-Cherry S, Semler B, Shenk T, Silvestri G, Simon V, Smith G, Smith J, Spindler K, Stanifer M, Subbarao K, Sundquist W, Suthar M, Sutton T, Tai A, Tarakanova V, tenOever B, Tibbetts S, Tompkins S, Toth Z, van Doorslaer K, Vignuzzi M, Wallace N, Walsh D, Weekes M, Weinberg J, Weitzman M, Weller S, Whelan S, White E, Williams B, Wobus C, Wong S, Yurochko A. Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse. J Virol 2023; 97:e0008923. [PMID: 36700640 PMCID: PMC9972907 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00089-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 60+ years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Goodrum
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Anice C. Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Seema Lakdawala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James Alwine
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J. Imperiale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Daphne Avgousti
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | - David Bloom
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Adrianus Boon
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Curtis Brandt
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Craig Cameron
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Gary Chan
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Anna Cliffe
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John Coffin
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Blossom Damania
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Kari Debbink
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nels Elde
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael Emerman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lynn Enquist
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Klaus Frueh
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Michaela Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Marta Gaglia
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Denise Galloway
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Adam Geballe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Meaghan Hancock
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Mark Heise
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy Kamil
- Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | - David Knipe
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Langlois
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adam Lauring
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Leib
- Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Lund
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Mehle
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Ian Mohr
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cary Moody
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Karl Münger
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eain Murphy
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - Jay Nelson
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | - Akira Ono
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - David Ornelles
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jing-hsiung Ou
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Purdy
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Rolf Renne
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles Rice
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Charles Russell
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Martin Sapp
- Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bert Semler
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Thomas Shenk
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Viviana Simon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jason Smith
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Kanta Subbarao
- The Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Troy Sutton
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Tai
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Zsolt Toth
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Derek Walsh
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Weller
- University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sean Whelan
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott Wong
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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9
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Serafini RA, Frere JJ, Zimering J, Giosan IM, Pryce KD, Golynker I, Panis M, Ruiz A, tenOever B, Zachariou V. SARS-CoV-2 Airway Infection Results in Time-dependent Sensory Abnormalities in a Hamster Model. bioRxiv 2022:2022.08.19.504551. [PMID: 36032984 PMCID: PMC9413707 DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.19.504551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite being largely confined to the airways, SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with sensory abnormalities that manifest in both acute and long-lasting phenotypes. To gain insight on the molecular basis of these sensory abnormalities, we used the golden hamster infection model to characterize the effects of SARS-CoV-2 versus Influenza A virus (IAV) infection on the sensory nervous system. Efforts to detect the presence of virus in the cervical/thoracic spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) demonstrated detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2 by quantitative PCR and RNAscope uniquely within the first 24 hours of infection. SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters demonstrated mechanical hypersensitivity during acute infection; intriguingly, this hypersensitivity was milder, but prolonged when compared to IAV-infected hamsters. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of thoracic DRGs from acute infection revealed predominantly neuron-biased signaling perturbations in SARS-CoV-2-infected animals as opposed to type I interferon signaling in tissue derived from IAV-infected animals. RNA-seq of 31dpi thoracic DRGs from SARS-CoV-2-infected animals highlighted a uniquely neuropathic transcriptomic landscape, which was consistent with substantial SARS-CoV-2-specific mechanical hypersensitivity at 28dpi. Ontology analysis of 1, 4, and 30dpi RNA-seq revealed novel targets for pain management, such as ILF3. Meta-analysis of all SARS-CoV-2 RNA-seq timepoints against preclinical pain model datasets highlighted both conserved and unique pro-nociceptive gene expression changes following infection. Overall, this work elucidates novel transcriptomic signatures triggered by SARS-CoV-2 that may underlie both short- and long-term sensory abnormalities while also highlighting several therapeutic targets for alleviation of infection-induced hypersensitivity. One Sentence Summary SARS-CoV-2 infection results in an interferon-associated transcriptional response in sensory tissues underlying time-dependent hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal A. Serafini
- Nash Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box #1022, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Justin J. Frere
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box #1124, New York, NY, 10029
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone, 430-450 E. 29 St., New York, NY 10016
| | - Jeffrey Zimering
- Nash Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box #1022, New York, NY, 10029
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box #1136, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Ilinca M. Giosan
- Nash Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box #1022, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Kerri D. Pryce
- Nash Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box #1022, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Ilona Golynker
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone, 430-450 E. 29 St., New York, NY 10016
| | - Maryline Panis
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone, 430-450 E. 29 St., New York, NY 10016
| | - Anne Ruiz
- Nash Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box #1022, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Benjamin tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone, 430-450 E. 29 St., New York, NY 10016
| | - Venetia Zachariou
- Nash Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box #1022, New York, NY, 10029
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box #1677, New York, New York 10029
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10
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Serafini RA, Frere JJ, Pryce KD, Ruiz A, tenOever B, Zachariou V. Persistent SARS‐CoV‐2 Effects Induce Neuropathy Signature in Dorsal Root Ganglia Underlying Hypersensitivity in a Hamster Model. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin J. Frere
- MicrobiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY
| | - Kerri D. Pryce
- NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY
| | - Anne Ruiz
- NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY
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11
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Victor J, Jordan T, Lamkin E, Ikeh K, March A, Frere J, Crompton A, Allen L, Fanning J, Lim WY, Muoio D, Fouquerel E, Martindale R, Dewitt J, deLance N, Taatjes D, Dragon J, Holcombe R, Greenblatt M, Kaminsky D, Hong J, Zhou P, tenOever B, Chatterjee N. SARS-CoV-2 hijacks host cell genome instability pathways. Res Sq 2022:rs.3.rs-1556634. [PMID: 35441168 PMCID: PMC9016650 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1556634/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The repertoire of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-mediated adverse health outcomes has continued to expand in infected patients, including the susceptibility to developing long-COVID; however, the molecular underpinnings at the cellular level are poorly defined. In this study, we report that SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection triggers host cell genome instability by modulating the expression of molecules of DNA repair and mutagenic translesion synthesis. Further, SARS-CoV-2 infection causes genetic alterations, such as increased mutagenesis, telomere dysregulation, and elevated microsatellite instability (MSI). The MSI phenotype was coupled to reduced MLH1, MSH6, and MSH2 in infected cells. Strikingly, pre-treatment of cells with the REV1-targeting translesion DNA synthesis inhibitor, JH-RE-06, suppresses SARS-CoV-2 proliferation and dramatically represses the SARS-CoV-2-dependent genome instability. Mechanistically, JH-RE-06 treatment induces autophagy, which we hypothesize limits SARS-CoV-2 proliferation and, therefore, the hijacking of host-cell genome instability pathways. These results have implications for understanding the pathobiological consequences of COVID-19.
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12
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Chen S, Yang L, Nilsson-Payant B, Han Y, Jaffré F, Zhu J, Wang P, Zhang T, Redmond D, Houghton S, Møller R, Hoagland D, Horiuchi S, Acklin J, Lim J, Bram Y, Richardson C, Chandar V, Borczuk A, Huang Y, Xiang J, Ho D, Schwartz R, tenOever B, Evans T. SARS-CoV-2 Infected Cardiomyocytes Recruit Monocytes by Secreting CCL2. Res Sq 2020. [PMID: 33236003 PMCID: PMC7685325 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-94634/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heart injury has been reported in up to 20% of COVID-19 patients, yet the cause of myocardial histopathology remains unknown. In order to study the cause of myocardial pathology in COVID-19 patients, we used a hamster model to determine whether following infection SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, can be detected in heart tissues. Here, we clearly demonstrate that viral RNA and nucleocapsid protein is present in cardiomyocytes in the hearts of infected hamsters. Interestingly, functional cardiomyocyte associated gene expression was decreased in infected hamster hearts, corresponding to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). This data using an animal model was further validated using autopsy heart samples of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, we show that both human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-derived CMs) and adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) can be infected by SARS-CoV-2 and that CCL2 is secreted upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to monocyte recruitment. Increased CCL2 expression and macrophage infiltration was also observed in the hearts of infected hamsters. Using single cell RNA-seq, we also show that macrophages are able to decrease SARS-CoV-2 infection of CMs. Overall, our study provides direct evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infects CMs in vivo and proposes a mechanism of immune-cell infiltration and pathology in heart tissue of COVID-19 patients.
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13
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Duan F, Guo L, Yang L, Han Y, Thakur A, Nilsson-Payant BE, Wang P, Zhang Z, Yan Ma C, Zhou X, Han T, Zhang T, Wang X, Xu D, Duan X, Xiang J, Tse HF, Liao C, Luo W, Huang FP, Chen YW, Evans T, Schwartz RE, tenOever B, Ho DD, Chen S, Na J, Lian Q, Chen HJ. Modeling COVID-19 with Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cells Reveals Synergistic Effects of Anti-inflammatory Macrophages with ACE2 Inhibition Against SARS-CoV-2. Res Sq 2020:rs.3.rs-62758. [PMID: 32839764 PMCID: PMC7444287 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-62758/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional immune responses contribute critically to the progression of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) from mild to severe stages including fatality, with pro-inflammatory macrophages as one of the main mediators of lung hyper-inflammation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand the interactions among SARS-CoV-2 permissive cells, macrophage, and the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thereby offering important insights into new therapeutic strategies. Here, we used directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to establish a lung and macrophage co-culture system and model the host-pathogen interaction and immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among the hPSC-derived lung cells, alveolar type II and ciliated cells are the major cell populations expressing the viral receptor ACE2 and co-effector TMPRSS2, and both were highly permissive to viral infection. We found that alternatively polarized macrophages (M2) and classically polarized macrophages (M1) had similar inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, only M1 macrophages significantly up-regulated inflammatory factors including IL-6 and IL-18, inhibiting growth and enhancing apoptosis of lung cells. Inhibiting viral entry into target cells using an ACE2 blocking antibody enhanced the activity of M2 macrophages, resulting in nearly complete clearance of virus and protection of lung cells. These results suggest a potential therapeutic strategy, in that by blocking viral entrance to target cells while boosting anti-inflammatory action of macrophages at an early stage of infection, M2 macrophages can eliminate SARS-CoV-2, while sparing lung cells and suppressing the dysfunctional hyper-inflammatory response mediated by M1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyu Duan
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University
| | - Liyan Guo
- Prenatal Diagnostic Centre and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Liuliu Yang
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Yuling Han
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, the University of Chicago
| | | | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; the University of Hong Kong
| | - Chui Yan Ma
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; the University of Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- Prenatal Diagnostic Centre and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Cent
| | - Teng Han
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Xing Wang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Dong Xu
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | | | - Jenny Xiang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; the University of Hong Kong
| | - Can Liao
- Prenatal Diagnostic Centre and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Weiren Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology
| | | | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Medicine, Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | | | - David D Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | | | - Jie Na
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; the University of Hong Kong
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14
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Duan F, Guo L, Yang L, Han Y, Thakur A, Nilsson-Payant BE, Wang P, Zhang Z, Yan Ma C, Zhou X, Han T, Zhang T, Wang X, Xu D, Duan X, Xiang J, Tse HF, Liao C, Luo W, Huang FP, Chen YW, Evans T, Schwartz RE, tenOever B, Ho DD, Chen S, Na J, Lian Q, Chen HJ. Modeling COVID-19 with Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cells Reveals Synergistic Effects of Anti-inflammatory Macrophages with ACE2 Inhibition Against SARS-CoV-2. Res Sq 2020:rs.3.rs-62758. [PMID: 32839764 PMCID: PMC7444287 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-62758/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional immune responses contribute critically to the progression of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) from mild to severe stages including fatality, with pro-inflammatory macrophages as one of the main mediators of lung hyper-inflammation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand the interactions among SARS-CoV-2 permissive cells, macrophage, and the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thereby offering important insights into new therapeutic strategies. Here, we used directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to establish a lung and macrophage co-culture system and model the host-pathogen interaction and immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among the hPSC-derived lung cells, alveolar type II and ciliated cells are the major cell populations expressing the viral receptor ACE2 and co-effector TMPRSS2, and both were highly permissive to viral infection. We found that alternatively polarized macrophages (M2) and classically polarized macrophages (M1) had similar inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, only M1 macrophages significantly up-regulated inflammatory factors including IL-6 and IL-18, inhibiting growth and enhancing apoptosis of lung cells. Inhibiting viral entry into target cells using an ACE2 blocking antibody enhanced the activity of M2 macrophages, resulting in nearly complete clearance of virus and protection of lung cells. These results suggest a potential therapeutic strategy, in that by blocking viral entrance to target cells while boosting anti-inflammatory action of macrophages at an early stage of infection, M2 macrophages can eliminate SARS-CoV-2, while sparing lung cells and suppressing the dysfunctional hyper-inflammatory response mediated by M1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyu Duan
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University
| | - Liyan Guo
- Prenatal Diagnostic Centre and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Liuliu Yang
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Yuling Han
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, the University of Chicago
| | | | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; the University of Hong Kong
| | - Chui Yan Ma
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; the University of Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- Prenatal Diagnostic Centre and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Cent
| | - Teng Han
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Xing Wang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Dong Xu
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | | | - Jenny Xiang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Hung-fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; the University of Hong Kong
| | - Can Liao
- Prenatal Diagnostic Centre and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Weiren Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology
| | | | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Medicine, Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Robert E. Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | | | - David D. Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | | | - Jie Na
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; the University of Hong Kong
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15
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Han J, Perez JT, Chen C, Li Y, Benitez A, Kandasamy M, Lee Y, Andrade J, tenOever B, Manicassamy B. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Identifies Host Factors Essential for Influenza Virus Replication. Cell Rep 2019; 23:596-607. [PMID: 29642015 PMCID: PMC5939577 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of influenza A viruses (IAVs) from zoonotic reservoirs poses a great threat to human health. As seasonal vaccines are ineffective against zoonotic strains, and newly transmitted viruses can quickly acquire drug resistance, there remains a need for host-directed therapeutics against IAVs. Here, we performed a genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in human lung epithelial cells with a human isolate of an avian H5N1 strain. Several genes involved in sialic acid biosynthesis and related glycosylation pathways were highly enriched post-H5N1 selection, including SLC35A1, a sialic acid transporter essential for IAV receptor expression and thus viral entry. Importantly, we have identified capicua (CIC) as a negative regulator of cell-intrinsic immunity, as loss of CIC resulted in heightened antiviral responses and restricted replication of multiple viruses. Therefore, our study demonstrates that the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be utilized for the discovery of host factors critical for the replication of intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Han
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jasmine T Perez
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cindy Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Asiel Benitez
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jorge Andrade
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Benjamin tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Balaji Manicassamy
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Aguado
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Rockefeller University, New York City, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LCA); (Bt)
| | - Benjamin tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LCA); (Bt)
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17
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Rajsbaum R, Bharaj P, Ellis J, Versteeg G, Schmid S, Maestre A, Belicha-Villanueva A, Patel J, Morrison J, Giuseppe Pisanelli G, Miorin L, Martínez-Romero C, Laurent-Rolle M, Moulton H, Stein D, Fernandez-Sesma A, tenOever B, Garcia-Sastre A. The role of unanchored polyubiquitin chains and the TRIM E3-ubiquitin ligase family of proteins in the innate immune response to influenza virus infection (INM3P.402). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.127.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Intracellular innate immune responses are essential to protect host cells against pathogens. Upon infection, pattern recognition receptors detect incoming microbes and trigger downstream signaling pathways leading to production of antiviral type-I interferons (IFNs).These signaling pathways are regulated by different posttranslational modifications including the ubiquitin (Ub) system. Proteins covalently attached to K48-linked polyUb are targeted for degradation by the proteasome, whereas protein modification with K63-linked polyUb may have non-proteolytic activating functions. Unanchored Ub chains that are not covalently attached to any protein are also important for kinase activation. Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins, which function as E3-ubiquitin ligases, have been implicated in antiviral activity. We found that TRIM6 is important in the synthesis of unanchored K48-linked polyUb chains, which activate the IKKε kinase for STAT1 phosphorylation and induction of an antiviral response. These polyUb chains and IKKε interact in vivo in an IFN-I signaling dependent manner upon virus infection in mice. To better understand the physiological role of unanchored polyUb during virus infection, we developed a system to isolate ubiquitin-interacting proteins from the lungs of influenza-infected mice. Using a proteomics approach we identified new cellular factors that interact with unanchored polyUb chains in vivo and may be involved in the innate immune antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rajsbaum
- 2Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Preeti Bharaj
- 2Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Jane Ellis
- 2Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Gijs Versteeg
- 3Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ana Maestre
- 1Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Lisa Miorin
- 1Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Hong Moulton
- 4Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - David Stein
- 4Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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18
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Rajsbaum R, Versteeg G, Schmid S, Maestre A, Belicha-Villanueva A, Fernandez-Sesma A, tenOever B, García-Sastre A. Unanchored Lysine48-linked polyubiquitin chains positively regulate the type I IFN-mediated antiviral response (P1391). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.57.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Type-I interferons (IFN-I) are essential antiviral cytokines produced upon microbial infection. IFN-I elicits this activity through the upregulation of 100s of IFN-I stimulated genes (ISGs), many of which have known antiviral activity. The full breadth of ISG induction requires activation of a number of cellular factors including the IκB kinase epsilon (IKKϵ). However, the mechanism of IKKϵ activation upon viral infection or IFN receptor signaling remains elusive. Here we show that TRIM6, a member of the E3-ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif (TRIM) family of proteins, interacts with IKKϵ and promotes induction of IKKϵ-dependent ISGs. Some studies have suggested a role for unanchored K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, which are not conjugated to any protein, in regulation of kinase activity. However, no role has yet been established for unanchored K48-linked polyubiquitin chains in kinase activation. We show that TRIM6 and the E2-ubiquitin conjugase UbE2K cooperate in the synthesis of unanchored K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, which activate IKKϵ for subsequent STAT1 phosphorylation. Our work defines a previously unrecognized activating role of K48-linked unanchored polyubiquitin chains in kinase activation and identifies the UbE2K-TRIM6-ubiquitin axis as critical for IFN signaling and antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rajsbaum
- 1Microbiology, Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York, NY
- 2Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York, NY
| | - Gijs Versteeg
- 1Microbiology, Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York, NY
- 2Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York, NY
| | - Sonja Schmid
- 1Microbiology, Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York, NY
| | - Ana Maestre
- 1Microbiology, Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York, NY
| | - Alan Belicha-Villanueva
- 1Microbiology, Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York, NY
- 2Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York, NY
| | - Ana Fernandez-Sesma
- 1Microbiology, Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York, NY
- 2Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York, NY
| | - Benjamin tenOever
- 1Microbiology, Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York, NY
- 2Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York, NY
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- 1Microbiology, Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York, NY
- 2Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York, NY
- 3Medicine, Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York, NY
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19
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Ng SL, Lorini MH, Schmid S, Chua MA, tenOever B. IKKε as an operator of virus-induced signaling. Cytokine 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.07.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Slack A, Bovenzi V, Bigey P, Ivanov MA, Ramchandani S, Bhattacharya S, tenOever B, Lamrihi B, Scherman D, Szyf M. Antisense MBD2 gene therapy inhibits tumorigenesis. J Gene Med 2002; 4:381-9. [PMID: 12124980 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberration in the pattern of DNA methylation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. We present data suggesting that dysregulation of MBD2, a recently characterized member of a novel family of methylated DNA binding proteins, is involved in tumorigenesis. Two functions were ascribed to MBD2, DNA demethylase activity and repression of methylated genes. METHODS Multiple antisense expression and delivery systems, transfection, electrotransfer and adenoviral were employed to demonstrate that MBD2 is essential in tumorigenesis, both ex vivo and in vivo. RESULTS Inhibition of MBD2 by antisense expression resulted in inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of antisense transfected cancer cells or cells infected with an adenoviral vector expressing MBD2 antisense. Xenograft tumors treated with an adenoviral vector expressing MBD2 antisense or xenografts treated with electrotransferred plasmids expressing MBD2 antisense showed reduced growth. CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that one or both of the functions described for MBD2 are critical in tumorigenesis and that MBD2 is a potential anticancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Slack
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Drummond Street, Montreal, PQ H3G 1Y6, Canada
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21
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Grandvaux N, Servant MJ, tenOever B, Sen GC, Balachandran S, Barber GN, Lin R, Hiscott J. Transcriptional profiling of interferon regulatory factor 3 target genes: direct involvement in the regulation of interferon-stimulated genes. J Virol 2002; 76:5532-9. [PMID: 11991981 PMCID: PMC137057 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.11.5532-5539.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitously expressed interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) is directly activated after virus infection and functions as a key activator of the immediate-early alpha/beta interferon (IFN) genes, as well as the RANTES chemokine gene. In the present study, a tetracycline-inducible expression system expressing a constitutively active form of IRF-3 (IRF-3 5D) was combined with DNA microarray analysis to identify target genes regulated by IRF-3. Changes in mRNA expression profiles of 8,556 genes were monitored after Tet-inducible expression of IRF-3 5D. Among the genes upregulated by IRF-3 were transcripts for several known IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Subsequent analysis revealed that IRF-3 directly induced the expression of ISG56 in an IFN-independent manner through the IFN-stimulated responsive elements (ISREs) of the ISG56 promoter. These results demonstrate that, in addition to its role in the formation of a functional immediate-early IFN-beta enhanceosome, IRF-3 is able to discriminate among ISRE-containing genes involved in the establishment of the antiviral state as a direct response to virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Grandvaux
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
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