1
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Kantaputra P, Butali A, Eliason S, Chalkley C, Nakornchai S, Bongkochwilawan C, Kawasaki K, Kumchiang A, Ngamphiw C, Tongsima S, Ketudat Cairns JR, Olsen B, Intachai W, Ohazama A, Tucker AS, Amendt BA. CACNA1S mutation-associated dental anomalies: A calcium channelopathy. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1350-1359. [PMID: 36825457 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the molecular etiology of distinct dental anomalies found in eight Thai patients and explore the mutational effects on cellular functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed for eight patients. Whole exome sequencing, mutant protein modelling, qPCR, western blot analysis, scratch assays, immunofluorescence, confocal analysis, in situ hybridization, and scanning electron micrography of teeth were done. RESULTS All patients had molars with multiple supernumerary cusps, single-cusped premolars, and a reduction in root number. Mutation analysis highlighted a heterozygous c.865A>G; p.Ile289Val mutation in CACNA1S in the patients. CACNA1S is a component of the slowly inactivating L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel. Mutant protein modeling suggested that the mutation might allow leakage of Ca2+ or other cations, or a tightening, to restrict calcium flow. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed expression of Cacna1s in the developing murine tooth epithelium during stages of crown and root morphogenesis. In cell culture, the mutation resulted in abnormal cell migration of transfected CHO cells compared to wildtype CACNA1S, with changes to the cytoskeleton and markers of focal adhesion. CONCLUSIONS The malformations observed in our patients suggest a role for calcium signaling in organization of both cusps and roots, affecting cell dynamics within the dental epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kantaputra
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - A Butali
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - S Eliason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - C Chalkley
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - S Nakornchai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C Bongkochwilawan
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - K Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - A Kumchiang
- Na-Chauk Hospital, Na-Chauk, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - C Ngamphiw
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - S Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - J R Ketudat Cairns
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - B Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - W Intachai
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - A Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - A S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - B A Amendt
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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2
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Tronstad PK, Simpson LVH, Olsen B, Pfeffer F, Karliczek A. Low rate of local recurrence detection by rectoscopy in follow-up of rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:254-260. [PMID: 31556190 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The main aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of rectoscopy for detecting local recurrence of rectal cancer in patients following low anterior resection. METHOD This was a retrospective study of 201 patients, who underwent low anterior resection for rectal or rectosigmoid cancer between 2007 and 2009 and who were followed up with rigid rectoscopy and imaging. A total of 91 patients were excluded from the analysis for various reasons, leaving 110 patients eligible for analysis. RESULTS A total of 613 rectoscopies were performed, and 48 biopsies taken. Six local recurrences were detected in the 110 patients, three of which were first detected by rectoscopy and three by CT. Two of the local recurrences were detected outside the follow-up programme because of symptoms: one by rectoscopy and one by CT. Three of 613 (0.5%) rectoscopies led to detection of local recurrence. The sensitivity and specificity of rectoscopy to detect local recurrence was 0.50 and 0.93, respectively. Nineteen distant metastases were detected, and two patients had both local recurrence and distant metastasis. All local recurrences and distant metastases were detected within 48 months of surgery. CONCLUSION Rigid rectoscopy is poor at detecting local recurrence. Only 3 out of 613 rectoscopies (0.5%) detected local recurrence. Due to extramural growth of some recurrences, the sensitivity is also very low. Based on our results, routine rectoscopy in the surveillance of asymptomatic patients cannot be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Tronstad
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - L V Hume Simpson
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Olsen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - F Pfeffer
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Clinical Institute 1, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Karliczek
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Clinical Institute 1, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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3
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Lees KE, Lang D, Graham A, Burnett J, Olsen B, Sivers-Teixeira T, Rosen AE, Elman A. AN ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN OF EMPIRICAL AND PRACTICE-BASED EVIDENCE TO INFORM CARE MODEL DEVELOPMENT. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K E Lees
- Northeastern University, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, United States
| | - D Lang
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - A Graham
- Executive Office of Elder Affairs, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Burnett
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Elder Abuse and Mistreatment Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B Olsen
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Elder Abuse and Mistreatment Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T Sivers-Teixeira
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A E Rosen
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; New York-Presbyterian Health Care System, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Elman
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Galdamez G, Avent E, Rowan J, Wilber KH, Mosqueda L, Olsen B, Gassoumis ZD. ELDER ABUSE MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAMS AND NETWORKS: UNDERSTANDING NATIONAL INTERVENTION APPROACHES. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Galdamez
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - E Avent
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - J Rowan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K H Wilber
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L Mosqueda
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Olsen
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Z D Gassoumis
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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Dyer CB, Mosqueda L, Lachs MS, Bonner A, Rosen AE, Olsen B, Sivers-Teixeira T, Burnett J. A STREAMLINED ELDER MISTREATMENT CARE MODEL FOR HOSPITAL EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C B Dyer
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - L Mosqueda
- Keck School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M S Lachs
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; New York-Presbyterian Health Care System, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Bonner
- Executive Office of Elder Affairs, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A E Rosen
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; New York-Presbyterian Health Care System, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Olsen
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T Sivers-Teixeira
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Burnett
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Elder Abuse and Mistreatment Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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6
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Fredheim S, Foli-Andersen P, Laerkholm G, Svensson J, Juhl CB, Olsen B, Pilgaard K, Johannesen J. Adrenaline and cortisol levels are lower during nighttime than daytime hypoglycaemia in children with type 1 diabetes. Acta Paediatr 2018. [PMID: 29520851 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM We investigated children's counter regulatory hormone profiles during a hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemic clamp procedure at day and night. METHODS In 2013, we assessed the counter regulatory response to hypoglycaemia in eight outpatients with type 1 diabetes, recruited from the Herlev Hospital, Denmark, at a mean age of 9.6 ± 2.3 years. Hyperinsulinaemic 80 mU/m2 /min clamps were performed with a stepwise reduction in plasma glucose from euglycaemia (7-9 mmol/L) to hypoglycaemia (<3.5 mmol/L) and the glucose nadir (≤2.2 mmol/L) during the day and night. Adrenaline, cortisol, glucagon and growth hormone levels were assessed. RESULTS Adrenaline and growth hormone levels were higher during the day versus the night (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively). However, at the glucose nadir, the level of adrenaline was lower during the night than the day (0.6 ± 0.2 versus 1.9 ± 0.5 nmol/L, p = 0.016) and cortisol was lower during the day than the night (42 ± 15 versus 319 ± 81 nmol/L, p = 0.016). No differences were demonstrated for glucagon and growth hormone levels based on the same criteria. CONCLUSION The adrenaline response was blunted during nocturnal iatrogenic hypoglycaemia in our study cohort, and no increase in cortisol levels was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fredheim
- Department of Paediatrics; CPH-Direct; Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte; Herlev Denmark
| | - P Foli-Andersen
- Department of Paediatrics; CPH-Direct; Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte; Herlev Denmark
| | - G Laerkholm
- Department of Paediatrics; CPH-Direct; Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte; Herlev Denmark
| | - J Svensson
- Department of Paediatrics; CPH-Direct; Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte; Herlev Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - CB Juhl
- HypoSafe A/S; Lyngby Denmark
| | - B Olsen
- Department of Paediatrics; CPH-Direct; Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte; Herlev Denmark
| | - K Pilgaard
- Department of Paediatrics; CPH-Direct; Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte; Herlev Denmark
| | - J Johannesen
- Department of Paediatrics; CPH-Direct; Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte; Herlev Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- B. McGuire
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - B. Olsen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - K. E. Bemis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - D. Orantes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
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8
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Ejaz F, Olsen B, Lamont H. ELDER ABUSE PREVENTION: LESSONS FROM FOUR INITIATIVES. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F.K. Ejaz
- Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging, Ohio
| | - B. Olsen
- University of Southern California
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9
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Olsen B, Nguyen A, Coulourides Kogan A, Weber C, Hirst S, Mosqueda L. ABUSE INTERVENTION/PREVENTION MODEL AMONG PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA AND THEIR CAREGIVERS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Olsen
- University of Southern California, Alhambra, California
| | - A. Nguyen
- University of Southern California, Alhambra, California
| | | | - C. Weber
- University of Southern California, Alhambra, California
| | - S. Hirst
- University of Southern California, Alhambra, California
| | - L. Mosqueda
- University of Southern California, Alhambra, California
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10
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Osbjer K, Berg M, Sokerya S, Chheng K, San S, Davun H, Magnusson U, Olsen B, Zohari S. Influenza A Virus in Backyard Pigs and Poultry in Rural Cambodia. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:1557-1568. [PMID: 27484711 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Surveillance of influenza virus in humans and livestock is critical, given the worldwide public health threats and livestock production losses. Livestock farming involving close proximity between humans, pigs and poultry is often practised by smallholders in low-income countries and is considered an important driver of influenza virus evolution. This study determined the prevalence and genetic characteristics of influenza A virus (IAV) in backyard pigs and poultry in Cambodia. A total of 751 animals were tested by matrix gene-based rRT-PCR, and influenza virus was detected in 1.5% of sampled pigs, 1.4% of chickens and 1.0% of ducks, but not in pigeons. Full-length genome sequencing confirmed triple reassortant H3N2 in all IAV-positive pigs and various low pathogenic avian influenza subtypes in poultry. Phylogenetic analysis of the swine influenza viruses revealed that these had haemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes originating from human H3N2 viruses previously isolated in South-East Asia. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed that several of the avian influenza subtypes detected were closely related to internal viral genes from highly pathogenic H5N1 and H9N2 formerly sequenced in the region. High sequence homology was likewise found with influenza A viruses circulating in pigs, poultry and wild birds in China and Vietnam, suggesting transboundary introduction and cocirculation of the various influenza subtypes. In conclusion, highly pathogenic subtypes of influenza virus seem rare in backyard poultry, but virus reassortment, involving potentially zoonotic and pandemic subtypes, appears to occur frequently in smallholder pigs and poultry. Increased targeted surveillance and monitoring of influenza circulation on smallholdings would further improve understanding of the transmission dynamics and evolution of influenza viruses in humans, pigs and poultry in the Mekong subregion and could contribute to limit the influenza burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Osbjer
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Berg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Sokerya
- Centre for Livestock and Agriculture Development, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - K Chheng
- National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - S San
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - H Davun
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - U Magnusson
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Olsen
- Infectious Diseases, Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences and IMBIM, Uppsala University (UU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Zohari
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Johansen A, Kanijo B, Fredheim S, Olsen B, Hertz B, Lauridsen MH, Andersen MLM, Mortensen HB, Svensson J. Prevalence and predictors of severe hypoglycemia in Danish children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16:354-60. [PMID: 25039921 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of severe hypoglycemia in Danish children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and to pinpoint predictors of this acute complication in children on modern treatment modalities. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study is based on data from DanDiabKids, a national diabetes register for children and adolescents. The register contains data on patients with type 1 diabetes with an ascertainment rate of 99%. Data from 3320 patients aged 0-18 yr was included in the study period from 1998 to 2009 and analyzed using a negative binomial model. RESULTS One thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine episodes of severe hypoglycemia in 867 patients were registered conferring an overall incidence of severe hypoglycemia of 15.1 [95% confident interval (CI): 13.8; 16.4] per 100 patient years. This remained unchanged during the study period. Duration of diabetes, age and treatment in centers managing less than 100 patients significantly increased the risk of severe hypoglycemia (p < 0.001). Patients on insulin pump therapy had a 42% reduced risk of severe hypoglycemia compared with pen treated patients (p = 0.01). Patients treated with five or more daily insulin injections had a 31% (95% CI: 17; 49) reduced risk of severe hypoglycemia compared to patients on fewer daily injections (p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Despite improvements in metabolic control over a decade the prevalence of severe hypoglycemic events remained unchanged. More intensive treatments such as insulin pump therapy and multiple daily injections on a national level seems to be a protective factor for developing severe hypoglycemia up to 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Johansen
- Department of Pediatrics, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - B Kanijo
- Department of Pediatrics, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - S Fredheim
- Department of Pediatrics, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Olsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - B Hertz
- Department of Pediatrics, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - M H Lauridsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - M L M Andersen
- Department of Pediatrics, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - H B Mortensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Svensson
- Department of Pediatrics, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Overgaard Ingeholm I, Svensson J, Olsen B, Lyngsøe L, Thomsen J, Johannesen J. Characterization of metabolic responders on CSII treatment amongst children and adolescents in Denmark from 2007 to 2013. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 109:279-86. [PMID: 26070217 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM This prospective study aimed to identify and estimate the frequency of responders offered Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) from baseline data and during follow-up, and secondly to characterize CSII users with good adherence to pump therapy among 463 children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS A response was defined as lowering HbA1c with 1% or achieving an HbA1c<7.5% (58 mmol/mol). Good adherence was defined as measuring ≥7 self monitored blood glucoses (SMBGs) and taking ≥7 boluses daily. Logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of demographic and clinical variables prior to and during pump treatment. RESULTS At 24 months follow-up 32% qualified as responders. Stratifying for age at onset, 45% of the children aged <6 yrs qualified as responders vs. 32% and 28% of the youngsters and adolescents aged 6-12 yrs. and 12-19 yrs., respectively (p=0.02). Responders were characterized by their HbA1c-level at pump onset (p=0.001), taking more daily boluses (7.64 ± 3.33 vs. 6.40 ± 3.18 p=0.003) and measuring more SMBGs per day at follow-up (6.88 ± 2.35 vs. 6.31 ± 2.54 p=0.03). The incidence of severe hypoglycemia decreased from 14.3 to 3.3 events per 100 person years (p<0.0001). Twenty percent did not respond despite a good adherence toward CSII therapy. CONCLUSION Age <6 years, high or low HbA1c at pump initiation and number of daily boluses were associated with improved or sustained near-normal metabolic outcome. The incidence of severe hypoglycemia was significantly reduced. Twenty percent of the population had good adherence without any metabolic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Svensson
- The Pediatric Department at Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Olsen
- The Pediatric Department at Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - L Lyngsøe
- The Pediatric Department at Hillerød Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - J Thomsen
- The Pediatric Department at Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - J Johannesen
- The Pediatric Department at Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Hasan B, Olsen B, Alam A, Akter L, Melhus Å. Dissemination of the multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli O25b-ST131 clone and the role of house crow (Corvus splendens) foraging on hospital waste in Bangladesh. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:1000.e1-4. [PMID: 26115863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two hundred and thirty-eight faecal samples from crows foraging on hospital wastes were analysed for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. ESBL-producing crow isolates were characterized and compared with 31 patient isolates. Among the crows, 59% carried ESBL producers. These included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Raoultella terrigena and Enterobacter cloacae harbouring the genes for CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-79, and CTX-M-14. Human isolates carried only the CTX-M-15 gene. Two-thirds of crow E. coli isolates and all human E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant. Crows and patients shared E. coli sequence types, including the epidemic E. coli O25b-ST131 clone. The scavenging behaviour of crows at poorly managed hospital waste dumps made them potential reservoirs of antibiotic resistance, including ESBLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hasan
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Zoonosis Science Centre, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - B Olsen
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Zoonosis Science Centre, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Alam
- Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - L Akter
- Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Å Melhus
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Olsen B, Johannesen J, Fredheim S, Svensson J. Insulin pump treatment; increasing prevalence, and predictors for better metabolic outcome in Danish children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16:256-62. [PMID: 25082292 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Few studies have looked at nationwide data for insulin pump treatment. Since 1996 the Danish Childhood Diabetes Registry (DanDiabKids) has collected data on all Danish diabetic patients aged 0-15 yr. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) use among Danish children with diabetes and to compare metabolic control in CSII-treated children and adolescents to those treated with MDI. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Registry collects on a yearly basis data on insulin regimen, central measured hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and demographic data on all patients. In the period 2005-2011, 2983 young patients (1721 males) with diabetes were followed in the Registry. Mean observation period was 5.11 yr [standard error (SE) 0.09]. In the total period 1846 patients were treated with MDI and 1493 changed from MDI to CSII. In 2005, less than 5% of children were treated with CSII whereas the percentage of children on CSII increased to approximately 50% in 2011. The patients were divided into age groups, <5 yr, 5-10 yr, and > 15 yr. RESULTS HbA1c was significantly higher in MDI-treated children, +5.29 (CI 95% 4.29; 6.29 mmol/mol). HbA1c in all age groups was significantly lower in CSII-treated patients, and longitudinally HbA1c continued to be lower in all age groups. In multivariate analysis, a low HbA1c at CSII start, centers with more than 100 pump patients, a more recent year of diabetes onset, a higher number of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) measurements, a higher number of daily boluses, and a higher percentage of bolus insulin were all related to a lower HbA1c. CONCLUSION The percentage of children on pumps (CSII) is CSII treatment is associated with a significantly lower Hba1c, achieved just after treatment initiation. In the following years there is a parallel rise in HbA1c in both MDI as well as in MDI treated patients. Patients coming from larger clinics, and patients measuring more blood glucose values and taking more boluses have a better metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Olsen
- Department of Paediatrics, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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15
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Sletten IN, Hellund JC, Olsen B, Clementsen S, Kvernmo HD, Nordsletten L. Conservative treatment has comparable outcome with bouquet pinning of little finger metacarpal neck fractures: a multicentre randomized controlled study of 85 patients. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2015; 40:76-83. [PMID: 25427553 DOI: 10.1177/1753193414560119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Current literature gives few guidelines regarding indication for operative treatment of little finger metacarpal neck fractures, and some surgeons choose operative treatment when the palmar angulation exceeds 30°. The objective of this study was to determine whether conservative treatment produces comparable outcomes with bouquet pinning in a randomized, controlled trial. Eighty-five patients with little finger metacarpal neck fractures with ≥30° palmar angulation in the lateral view were included. Patients were randomized to two groups: conservative treatment without reduction of the fracture (43 patients); and closed reduction and bouquet pinning (42 patients). After 1 year, there were no statistical differences between the groups in QuickDASH score, pain, satisfaction, finger range of motion, grip strength, or quality of life. There was a trend versus better satisfaction with hand appearance (p = 0.06), but longer sick leave (p < 0.001) and more complications (p = 0.02) in the operative group.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Sletten
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - J C Hellund
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Olsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Clementsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - H D Kvernmo
- Division of Neurosciences and Orthopaedics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - L Nordsletten
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Norway
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Halle B, Thisgaard H, Aaberg-Jessen C, Olsen B, Dam J, Langkjaer N, Munthe S, Nagren K, Hoilund-Carlsen PF, Kristensen B. ET-22 * CONVECTION-ENHANCED DELIVERY OF THE AUGER-ELECTRON-EMITTER 125I-UdR: A HIGHLY EFFICIENT THERAPY IN AN ORTHOTOPIC GLIOBLASTOMA XENOGRAFT MODEL. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou255.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hommel E, Olsen B, Battelino T, Conget I, Schütz-Fuhrmann I, Hoogma R, Schierloh U, Sulli N, Gough H, Castañeda J, de Portu S, Bolinder J. Impact of continuous glucose monitoring on quality of life, treatment satisfaction, and use of medical care resources: analyses from the SWITCH study. Acta Diabetol 2014; 51:845-51. [PMID: 25037251 PMCID: PMC4176956 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the impact of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), treatment satisfaction (TS) medical resource use, and indirect costs in the SWITCH study. SWITCH was a multicentre, randomized, crossover study. Patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 153) using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) were randomized to a 12 month sensor-On/Off or sensor-Off/On sequence (6 months each treatment), with a 4-month washout between periods. HRQOL in children and TS in adults were measured using validated questionnaires. Medical resource utilization data were collected. In adults, TS was significantly higher in the sensor-On arm, and there were significant improvements in ratings for treatment convenience and flexibility. There were no clinically significant differences in children's HRQOL or parents' proxy ratings. The incidence of severe hypoglycaemia, unscheduled visits, or diabetes-related hospitalizations did not differ significantly between the two arms. Adult patients made fewer telephone consultations during the sensor-On arm; children's caregivers made similar numbers of telephone consultations during both arms, and calls were on average only 3 min longer during the sensor-On arm. Regarding indirect costs, children with >70 % sensor usage missed fewer school days, compared with the sensor-Off arm (P = 0.0046) but there was no significant difference in the adults days of work off. The addition of CGM to CSII resulted in better metabolic control without imposing an additional burden on the patient or increased medical resource use, and offered the potential for cost offsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Hommel
- Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensensvej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B. Olsen
- Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T. Battelino
- University Children’s Hospital, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - I. Conget
- Diabetes Unit, ICMDM Hospital Clínic i Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - R. Hoogma
- Groene Hart Ziekenhuis, Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - U. Schierloh
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Clinique Pediatrique, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - N. Sulli
- Clinica Pediatrica, Servizio Diabetologia, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - H. Gough
- Medtronic International Trading Sarl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland
| | - J. Castañeda
- Medtronic Bakken Research Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S. de Portu
- Medtronic International Trading Sarl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland
| | - J. Bolinder
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rehn M, Ringberg H, Runehagen A, Herrmann B, Olsen B, Petersson AC, Hjertqvist M, Kühlmann-Berenzon S, Wallensten A. Unusual increase of psittacosis in southern Sweden linked to wild bird exposure, January to April 2013. Euro Surveill 2013. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.18.19.20478-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rehn
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - H Ringberg
- Department of Communicable Disease Control, Skåne county, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Runehagen
- Department of Communicable Disease Control, Kronoberg county, Växjö, Sweden
| | - B Herrmann
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Bacteriology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Olsen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A C Petersson
- Clinical Microbiology, University and regional Laboratory, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Hjertqvist
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - A Wallensten
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
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Rehn M, Ringberg H, Runehagen A, Herrmann B, Olsen B, Petersson AC, Hjertqvist M, Kühlmann-Berenzon S, Wallensten A. Unusual increase of psittacosis in southern Sweden linked to wild bird exposure, January to April 2013. Euro Surveill 2013; 18:20478. [PMID: 23725809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Free-living wild birds worldwide act as reservoir for Chlamydia psittaci, but the risk of transmission to humans through contact with wild birds has not been widely documented. From 12 January to April 9 2013, a total of 25 cases of psittacosis were detected in southern Sweden, about a threefold increase compared with the mean of the previous 10 years. A matched case-control study investigating both domestic and wild bird exposure showed that cases were more likely than controls to have cleaned wild bird feeders or been exposed to wild bird droppings in other ways (OR: 10.1; 95% CI: 2.1-47.9). We recommend precautionary measures such as wetting bird feeders before cleaning them, to reduce the risk of transmission of C. psittaci when in contact with bird droppings. Furthermore, C. psittaci should be considered for inclusion in laboratory diagnostic routines when analysing samples from patients with atypical pneumonia, since our findings suggest that psittacosis is underdiagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rehn
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden.
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20
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Fredheim S, Johannesen J, Johansen A, Lyngsøe L, Rida H, Andersen MLM, Lauridsen MH, Hertz B, Birkebæk NH, Olsen B, Mortensen HB, Svensson J. Diabetic ketoacidosis at the onset of type 1 diabetes is associated with future HbA1c levels. Diabetologia 2013; 56:995-1003. [PMID: 23389397 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We investigated the long-term impact of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at onset on metabolic regulation and residual beta cell function in a Danish population with type 1 diabetes. METHODS The study is based on data from DanDiabKids, a Danish national diabetes register for children. The register provides clinical and biochemical data on patients with type 1 diabetes diagnosed in 1996-2009 and then followed-up until 1 January 2012. Repeated-measurement models were used as statistical methods. RESULTS The study population comprised 2,964 children <18 years. The prevalence of DKA at diagnosis was 17.9%. Of the total subjects, 8.3% had mild, 7.9% had moderate and 1.7% had severe DKA. DKA (moderate and severe) was associated with increased HbA1c (%) levels (0.24; 95% CI 0.11, 0.36; p = 0.0003) and increased insulin dose-adjusted HbA1c (IDAA1c, 0.51; 95% CI 0.31, 0.70; p < 0.0001) during follow-up, after adjustment for covariates. Children without a family history of diabetes were more likely to present with DKA (19.2% vs 8.8%, p < 0.0001); however, these children had a lower HbA1c (%) level over time (-0.35; 95% CI -0.46, -0.24; p < 0.0001). Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) was associated with a long-term reduction in HbA1c, changing the effect of DKA, after adjustment for covariates (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION DKA at diagnosis was associated with poor long-term metabolic regulation and residual beta cell function as assessed by HbA1c and IDAA1c, respectively; however, CSII treatment was associated with improvement in glycaemic regulation and residual beta cell function, changing the effect of DKA at onset in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fredheim
- Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, Arkaden, Turkisvej 14, DK 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
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Battelino T, Conget I, Olsen B, Schütz-Fuhrmann I, Hommel E, Hoogma R, Schierloh U, Sulli N, Bolinder J. The use and efficacy of continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes treated with insulin pump therapy: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 2012; 55:3155-62. [PMID: 22965294 PMCID: PMC3483098 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this multicentre, randomised, controlled crossover study was to determine the efficacy of adding continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to insulin pump therapy (CSII) in type 1 diabetes. METHODS Children and adults (n = 153) on CSII with HbA(1c) 7.5-9.5% (58.5-80.3 mmol/mol) were randomised to (CGM) a Sensor On or Sensor Off arm for 6 months. After 4 months' washout, participants crossed over to the other arm for 6 months. Paediatric and adult participants were separately electronically randomised through the case report form according to a predefined randomisation sequence in eight secondary and tertiary centres. The primary outcome was the difference in HbA(1c) levels between arms after 6 months. RESULTS Seventy-seven participants were randomised to the On/Off sequence and 76 to the Off/On sequence; all were included in the primary analysis. The mean difference in HbA(1c) was -0.43% (-4.74 mmol/mol) in favour of the Sensor On arm (8.04% [64.34 mmol/mol] vs 8.47% [69.08 mmol/mol]; 95% CI -0.32%, -0.55% [-3.50, -6.01 mmol/mol]; p < 0.001). Following cessation of glucose sensing, HbA(1c) reverted to baseline levels. Less time was spent with sensor glucose <3.9 mmol/l during the Sensor On arm than in the Sensor Off arm (19 vs 31 min/day; p = 0.009). The mean number of daily boluses increased in the Sensor On arm (6.8 ± 2.5 vs 5.8 ± 1.9, p < 0.0001), together with the frequency of use of the temporary basal rate (0.75 ± 1.11 vs 0.26 ± 0.47, p < 0.0001) and manual insulin suspend (0.91 ± 1.25 vs 0.70 ± 0.75, p < 0.018) functions. Four vs two events of severe hypoglycaemia occurred in the Sensor On and Sensor Off arm, respectively (p = 0.40). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Continuous glucose monitoring was associated with decreased HbA(1c) levels and time spent in hypoglycaemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes using CSII. More frequent self-adjustments of insulin therapy may have contributed to these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Battelino
- UMC-University Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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22
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23
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Bonnedahl J, Drobni P, Johansson A, Hernandez J, Melhus A, Stedt J, Olsen B, Drobni M. Characterization, and comparison, of human clinical and black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) extended-spectrum -lactamase-producing bacterial isolates from Kalmar, on the southeast coast of Sweden. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:1939-44. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Jaenson TGT, Eisen L, Comstedt P, Mejlon HA, Lindgren E, Bergström S, Olsen B. Risk indicators for the tick Ixodes ricinus and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Sweden. Med Vet Entomol 2009; 23:226-37. [PMID: 19712153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2009.00813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The distributional area of the tick Ixodes ricinus (L.), the primary European vector to humans of Lyme borreliosis spirochaetes (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) and tick-borne encephalitis virus, appears to be increasing in Sweden. It is therefore important to determine which environmental factors are most useful to assess risk of human exposure to this tick and its associated pathogens. The geographical distribution of I. ricinus in Sweden was analysed with respect to vegetation zones and climate. The northern limit of I. ricinus and B. burgdorferi s.l. in Sweden corresponds roughly to the northern limit of the southern boreal vegetation zone, and is characterized climatically by snow cover for a mean duration of 150 days and a vegetation period averaging 170 days. The zoogeographical distribution of I. ricinus in Sweden can be classified as southerly-central, with the centre of the distribution south of the Limes Norrlandicus. Ixodes ricinus nymphs from 13 localities in different parts of Sweden were examined for the presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. and found to be infected with Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii. Tick sampling localities were characterized on the basis of the density of Borrelia-infected I. ricinus nymphs, presence of specific mammals, dominant vegetation and climate. Densities of I. ricinus nymphs and Borrelia-infected nymphs were significantly correlated, and nymphal density can thus serve as a general indicator of risk for exposure to Lyme borreliosis spirochaetes. Analysis of data from this and other studies suggests that high densities of Borrelia-infected nymphs typically occur in coastal, broadleaf vegetation and in mixed deciduous/spruce vegetation in southern Sweden. Ixodes ricinus populations consistently infected with B. burgdorferi s.l. can occur in: (a) biotopes with shrews, rodents, hares and birds; (b) biotopes with shrews, rodents, hares, deer and birds, and (c) island locations where the varying hare (Lepus timidus) is the only mammalian tick host.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G T Jaenson
- Department of Systematic Biology, Medical Entomology Unit, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Artois M, Bicout D, Doctrinal D, Fouchier R, Gavier-Widen D, Globig A, Hagemeijer W, Mundkur T, Munster V, Olsen B. Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Europe: the risks associated with wild birds. REV SCI TECH OIE 2009; 28:69-92. [PMID: 19618620 DOI: 10.20506/rst.28.1.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The infection of wild birds by highly pathogenic strains of avian influenza (Al) virus was virtually unknown--apart from one instance of the disease appearing in common terns in South Africa in 1961--before the Asian strain of highly pathogenic AI virus (AIV), H5N1, began to expand across the world. Outbreaks of clinical disease in Eurasia have resulted in visible mortality among populations of free-ranging wild birds in a multitude of species. The circulation pattern of influenza viruses in natural ecosystems results from a selection pressure towards strains which are indirectly transmitted by droppings from water birds and contaminated fomites, and which exhibit low pathogenicity. Some of these viruses, of the subtypes H5 or H7, can mutate into highly pathogenic strains after being introduced into domestic poultry farms. The maintenance of highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV) H5N1 in several parts of the world exposes wild birds to infected poultry, resulting in long-distance virus transmission. There is great concern that these wild birds may, in turn, propagate these HPAIV or introduce them into domestic birds. Rigorous disease control and biosecurity measures to protect poultry farms are the only solution presently available to mitigate such a risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Artois
- Université J. Fourier, Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG, Unité Environnement et Prevision de la Sante des Populations, F-38000 Grenoble, Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 avenue Bourgelat, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.
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Abstract
Tissue injury including myocardial infarction leads to a variety of changes in plasma proteins commonly referred to as "the acute phase response". In this report the concentrations of serum amyloid A protein (SAA) were measured serially in 6 patients with myocardial infarction and 4 with angina. SAA was found to be increased in all patients with infarction, but in no patients with angina. Significantly increased SAA levels were detected 12 hours after the peak level of creatine kinase, and the concentrations of SAA seemed to correlate to the amount of damaged tissue. The SAA-response was both faster and more extensive than the response of C-reactive protein (CRP), but the correlation between SAA and CRP was very good.
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Sjölund M, Bengtsson S, Bonnedahl J, Hernandez J, Olsen B, Kahlmeter G. Antimicrobial susceptibility in Escherichia coli of human and avian origin--a comparison of wild-type distributions. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15:461-5. [PMID: 19260874 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 97 Escherichia coli isolates from birds, and 100 clinical isolates from blood cultures, were determined by disk diffusion. The wild-type distributions were defined by the normalized resistance interpretation method. It is shown that the avian and clinical inhibition zone diameter distributions of wild-type E. coli are indistinguishable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sjölund
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden.
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Olsen B, Lan PT, Stålsby Lundborg C, Khang TH, Unemo M. Population-based assessment of Mycoplasma genitalium in Vietnam--low prevalence among married women of reproductive age in a rural area. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23:533-7. [PMID: 19220645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium infection in a population-based study among married women from a demographic surveillance site in a rural geographical area of Vietnam. MATERIALS AND METHODS Women, aged 18-49 years, were randomly selected to participate. DNA was isolated from endocervical swabs sampled from 990 participating women. The M. genitalium MgPa adhesion gene was detected using a real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probe. RESULTS Eight (0.8%; 95% confidence interval, 0.25-1.35%) of the included women were infected with M. genitalium. Two of these positive women reported clinical symptoms. One additional M. genitalium-positive but symptom-free woman, however, showed clinical signs of vaginitis. None of the M. genitalium-positive women was concomitantly infected with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, syphilis or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Furthermore, there was no obvious association between M. genitalium infection and vaginal douching, use of intrauterine device, or occurrence of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, or Trichomonas vaginalis. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of M. genitalium among married women in Vietnam was relatively low. However, more large, well-designed and appropriately performed studies in other population groups including unmarried women and men, and in other geographical areas, rural as well as urban, are crucial in order to extract any evidence-based conclusions regarding the overall prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including M. genitalium infections, in the Vietnamese society. The present study compiled with such future studies may form the basis for a national sexual health strategy for prevention, diagnosis, and surveillance of STIs, including M. genitalium infections, in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Olsen
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
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Wahlgren J, Waldenström J, Sahlin S, Haemig PD, Fouchier RAM, Osterhaus ADME, Pinhassi J, Bonnedahl J, Pisareva M, Grudinin M, Kiselev O, Hernandez J, Falk KI, Lundkvist A, Olsen B. Gene segment reassortment between American and Asian lineages of avian influenza virus from waterfowl in the Beringia area. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2009; 8:783-90. [PMID: 18637721 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2007.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since prehistoric times, the Bering Strait area (Beringia) has served as an avenue of dispersal between the Old and the New Worlds. On a field expedition to this area, we collected fecal samples from dabbling ducks, geese, shorebirds, and gulls on the Chukchi Peninsula, Siberia, and Pt. Barrow, Alaska, and characterized the subtypes of avian influenza virus present in them. Four of 202 samples (2%) from Alaska were positive for influenza A virus RNA in two independent polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based screening assays, while all shorebird samples from the Chukchi Peninsula were negative. Subtypes H3N8 and H6N1 were recorded once, while subtype H8N4 was found in two samples. Full-length sequences were obtained from the three unique isolates, and phylogenetic analysis with representative sequences for the Eurasian and North American lineages of influenza A virus showed that one HA gene clustered with the Eurasian rather than the North American lineage. However, the closest relative to this sequence was a North American isolate from Delaware described in 2002, indicating that a H6 spillover from Asia has established itself in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wahlgren
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
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Mattsson R, Haemig PD, Olsen B. Feral pigeons as carriers of Cryptococcus laurentii, Cryptococcus uniguttulatus and Debaryomyces hansenii. Med Mycol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-280x.1999.00241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
AIMS To analyse the occurrence and host species distribution of campylobacteria species in shorebirds, geese and cattle on grazed coastal meadows in Sweden. METHODS AND RESULTS Species identification was performed through a polyphasic approach, incorporating Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) profiling, 16S RNA gene sequence analysis together with extensive phenotypic characterization. From 247 sampled birds and 71 cattle, we retrieved 113 urease positive thermophilic Campylobacter (UPTC) and 16 Campylobacter jejuni ssp. jejuni isolates. Furthermore, 18 isolates of Helicobacter canadensis, and five isolates that potentially represent a new genus of micro-aerophilic, spiral and Gram-negative bacteria were isolated. The distribution of bacterial species on hosts was uneven: all H. canadensis isolates were retrieved from geese, while all but one of the Campylobacter lari UPTC isolates were found in shorebirds. AFLP type distribution of Camp. lari UPTC isolates among individual, resampled and breeding-paired Redshank birds generally indicated a constant shift in strain populations over time and absence of geographical clustering. CONCLUSIONS The large number of isolated campylobacteria, including species that are zoonotic enteropathogens, indicates that these wild birds potentially may serve as reservoirs of human infections. However, despite a common environment, the different host species largely carried their own campylobacteria populations, indicating that cross-species transmission is rare. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our study is one of few that provide data on the occurrence of campylobacteria in wild animals, adding information on the ecology and epidemiology of micro-organisms that are of public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Waldenström
- Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Rasmussen MS, Jorgensen LN, Wille-Jørgensen P, Nielsen JD, Horn A, Mohn AC, Sømod L, Olsen B. Prolonged prophylaxis with dalteparin to prevent late thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a multicenter randomized open-label study. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4:2384-90. [PMID: 16881934 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.02153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery carry a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but the optimal duration of postoperative thromboprophylaxis is unknown. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of thromboprophylaxis with the low molecular weight heparin (dalteparin), administered for 28 days after major abdominal surgery compared to 7 days' treatment. PATIENTS/METHODS A multicenter, prospective, assessor-blinded, open-label, randomized trial was performed in order to evaluate prolonged thromboprophylaxis after major abdominal surgery. In total, 590 patients were recruited, of whom 427 were randomized and received at least 1 day of study medication, and 343 reached an evaluable endpoint. The primary efficacy endpoint was objectively verified VTE occurring between 7 and 28 days after surgery. All patients underwent bilateral venography at day 28. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of VTE was reduced from 16.3% with short-term thromboprophylaxis (29/178 patients) to 7.3% after prolonged thromboprophylaxis (12/165) (relative risk reduction 55%; 95% confidence interval 15-76; P=0.012). The number that needed to be treated to prevent one case of VTE was 12 (95% confidence interval 7-44). Bleeding events were not increased with prolonged compared with short-term thromboprophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS Four-week administration of dalteparin, 5000 IU once daily, after major abdominal surgery significantly reduces the rate of VTE, without increasing the risk of bleeding, compared with 1 week of thromboprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rasmussen
- Department of Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Hurt AC, Hansbro PM, Selleck P, Olsen B, Minton C, Hampson AW, Barr IG. Isolation of avian influenza viruses from two different transhemispheric migratory shorebird species in Australia. Arch Virol 2006; 151:2301-9. [PMID: 16732420 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Shorebirds on their southerly migration from Siberia to Australia, may pass through Asian regions currently experiencing outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza. To test for the presence of avian influenza viruses in migratory shorebirds arriving in Australia during spring 2004, 173 cloacal swabs were collected from six species. Ten swabs were positive for influenza A, with H4N8 viruses detected in five red-necked stints and H11N9 viruses detected in five sharp-tailed sandpipers. No H5N1 viruses were detected. All isolated viruses were non-pathogenic in domestic chickens. These results further demonstrate the potential for migratory shorebirds to carry and potentially spread influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Hurt
- World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Parkville, Australia.
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Gao N, Armatas NG, Shanley JB, Kamman NC, Miller EK, Keeler GJ, Scherbatskoy T, Holsen TM, Young T, McIlroy L, Drake S, Olsen B, Cady C. Mass balance assessment for mercury in Lake Champlain. Environ Sci Technol 2006; 40:82-9. [PMID: 16433336 DOI: 10.1021/es050513b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A mass balance model for mercury in Lake Champlain was developed in an effort to understand the sources, inventories, concentrations, and effects of mercury (Hg) contamination in the lake ecosystem. To construct the mass balance model, air, water, and sediment were sampled as a part of this project and other research/monitoring projects in the Lake Champlain Basin. This project produced a STELLA-based computer model and quantitative apportionments of the principal input and output pathways of Hg for each of 13 segments in the lake. The model Hg concentrations in the lake were consistent with measured concentrations. Specifically, the modeling identified surface water inflows as the largest direct contributor of Hg into the lake. Direct wet deposition to the lake was the second largest source of Hg followed by direct dry deposition. Volatilization and sedimentation losses were identified as the two major removal mechanisms. This study significantly improves previous estimates of the relative importance of Hg input pathways and of wet and dry deposition fluxes of Hg into Lake Champlain. It also provides new estimates of volatilization fluxes across different lake segments and sedimentation loss in the lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- Department of Chemistry, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York 13617, USA.
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Wallensten A, Munster VJ, Elmberg J, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM, Olsen B. Multiple gene segment reassortment between Eurasian and American lineages of influenza A virus (H6N2) in Guillemot (Uria aalge). Arch Virol 2005; 150:1685-92. [PMID: 15883657 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-005-0543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2004] [Accepted: 03/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Guillemots banded in the northern Baltic Sea were screened for influenza A virus (IAV). Three out of 26 sampled birds tested positive by RT-PCR. Two of these were characterized as subtype H6N2. Phylogenetic analyses showed that five gene segments belonged to the American avian lineage of IAVs, whereas three gene segments belonged to the Eurasian lineage. Our findings indicate that avian IAVs may have a taxonomically wider reservoir spectrum than previously known and we present the first report of a chimeric avian IAV with genes of American and Eurasian origin in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wallensten
- Smedby Health Center, Kalmar County Council, Kalmar, Sweden
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Broman T, Waldenström J, Dahlgren D, Carlsson I, Eliasson I, Olsen B. Diversities and similarities in PFGE profiles of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from migrating birds and humans. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 96:834-43. [PMID: 15012823 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To genetically sub-type Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from migratory birds, and to compare these with clinical strains collected in the same area and corresponding time period, with the aim to increase our knowledge on sub-types occurring among wild birds and their possible impact on human disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We sub-typed C. jejuni strains from migrating birds (n = 89) and humans (n = 47), using macrorestriction profiling by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Isolates from migrant birds often exhibited sub-types with higher levels of similarity to isolates from birds of the same species or feeding guild, than to isolates from other groups of birds. Likewise, could the vast majority of sub-types found among the migrant bird isolates not be identified among sub-types from human cases. Only two bird strains, one from a starling (Sturnus vulgaris) and one from a blackbird (Turdus merula), had sub-types that were similar to some of the human strain sub-types. CONCLUSIONS Isolates from one bird species, or feeding guild, often exhibited high similarities, indicating a common transmission source for individuals, or an association between certain sub-types of C. jejuni and certain ecological guilds or phylogenetic groups of birds. Sub-types occurring among wild birds were in general distinctively different from those observed in patients. The two bird isolates that were similar to human strains were isolated from bird species that often live in close associations with human settlements. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Wild birds have often been mentioned as a potential route for transmission of C. jejuni to humans. Our study demonstrates that strains isolated from birds most often are different from clinical strains, but that some strain similarities occur, notably in birds strongly associated with human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Broman
- Department of Infectious Diseases Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Fouchier RAM, Olsen B, Bestebroer TM, Herfst S, van der Kemp L, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME. Influenza A virus surveillance in wild birds in Northern Europe in 1999 and 2000. Avian Dis 2003; 47:857-60. [PMID: 14575077 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Using reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we have screened more than 8500 wild birds in Northern Europe in 1999 and 2000 for the presence of influenza A virus. Although our primary focus was on ducks, geese, and shorebirds, we have also tested thousands of samples from other bird species. Approximately 1% of our samples were positive for influenza A virus by RT-PCR, and from half of these we were able to isolate influenza A virus in embryonated chicken eggs. A wide variety of isolates was obtained representing hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes 1 through 7, 10, 11, 13, an unidentifiable HA, and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes 1 through 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A M Fouchier
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus University, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Broman T, Palmgren H, Bergström S, Sellin M, Waldenström J, Danielsson-Tham ML, Olsen B. Campylobacter jejuni in black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus): prevalence, genotypes, and influence on C. jejuni epidemiology. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:4594-602. [PMID: 12454158 PMCID: PMC154640 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.12.4594-4602.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic disease in which birds have been suggested to play an important role as a reservoir. We investigated the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni in black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) in southern Sweden with the aim of examining the nature of C. jejuni infection in this bird species. Birds were sampled in four sampling series each year during 1999 (n = 419) and 2000 (n = 365). Longitudinally sampled C. jejuni isolates from individual gulls were subjected to macrorestriction profiling (MRP) by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to investigate the genotypical stability during the natural course of infection. Furthermore, a subset (n = 76) of black-headed gull isolates was compared to isolates from broiler chickens (n = 38) and humans (n = 56) originating from the same geographic area. We found a pronounced seasonal variation in C. jejuni carriage, with the highest rates found in late autumn. MRP similarities were higher between isolates of human and broiler chicken origin, than between those of wild bird origin and either of the other two hosts. However, identical MRPs were found in two gull isolates and one human isolate after digestion with two restriction enzymes, strongly indicating that they may have been colonized by the same clone of C. jejuni. The MRPs most prevalent in gull isolates did not occur among isolates from humans and broiler chickens, suggesting the existence of a subpopulation of C. jejuni adapted to species-specific colonization or environmental survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Broman
- Departments of Molecular Biology, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Department of Food Hygiene, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Research Institute for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology (RIZEE), SE-386 93 Färjestaden, Sweden
| | - H. Palmgren
- Departments of Molecular Biology, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Department of Food Hygiene, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Research Institute for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology (RIZEE), SE-386 93 Färjestaden, Sweden
| | - S. Bergström
- Departments of Molecular Biology, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Department of Food Hygiene, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Research Institute for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology (RIZEE), SE-386 93 Färjestaden, Sweden
| | - M. Sellin
- Departments of Molecular Biology, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Department of Food Hygiene, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Research Institute for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology (RIZEE), SE-386 93 Färjestaden, Sweden
| | - J. Waldenström
- Departments of Molecular Biology, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Department of Food Hygiene, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Research Institute for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology (RIZEE), SE-386 93 Färjestaden, Sweden
| | - M.-L. Danielsson-Tham
- Departments of Molecular Biology, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Department of Food Hygiene, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Research Institute for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology (RIZEE), SE-386 93 Färjestaden, Sweden
| | - B. Olsen
- Departments of Molecular Biology, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Department of Food Hygiene, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Research Institute for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology (RIZEE), SE-386 93 Färjestaden, Sweden
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Infectious Diseases, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden. Phone: 46 90 785 23 01. Fax: 46 90 13 30 06. E-mail:
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Schmitt CJ, Caldwell CA, Olsen B, Serdar D, Coffey M. Inhibition of erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in fish from waters affected by lead smelters. Environ Monit Assess 2002; 77:99-119. [PMID: 12139078 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015767503629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effects on fish of lead (Pb) released to streams by smelters located in Trail, BC (Canada), E. Helena, MT, Herculaneum, MO, and Glover, MO. Fish were collected by electrofishing from sites located downstream of smelters and from reference sites. Blood from each fish was analyzed for delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity and hemoglobin (Hb), and samples of blood, liver, or carcass were analyzed for Pb, zinc (Zn), or both. Fish collected downstream of all four smelters sites had elevated Pb concentrations, decreased ALAD activity, or both relative to their respective reference sites. At E. Helena, fish from the downstream site also had lower Hb concentrations than fish from upstream. Differences among taxa were also apparent. Consistent with previous studies, ALAD activity in catostomids (Pisces: Catostomidae-northern hog sucker, Hypentelium nigricans; river carpsucker, Carpiodes carpio; largescale sucker, Catostomus macrocheilus; and mountain sucker, C. platyrhynchus) seemed more sensitive to Pb-induced ALAD inhibition than the salmonids (Pisces: Salmonidae-rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss; brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis) or common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Some of these differences may have resulted from differential accumulation of Zn, which was not measured at all sites. We detected no ALAD activity in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) from either site on the Mississippi River at Herculaneum. MO. Our findings confirmed that Pb is released to aquatic ecosystems by smelters and accumulated by fish, and we documented potentially adverse effects of Pb in fish. We recommend that Zn be measured along with Pb when ALAD activity is used as a biomarker and the collection of at least 10 fish of a species at each site to facilitate statistical analysis.
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Gylfe A, Yabuki M, Drotz M, Bergström S, Fukunaga M, Olsen B. Phylogeographic relationships of Ixodes uriae (Acari: Ixodidae) and their significance to transequatorial dispersal of Borrelia garinii. Hereditas 2002; 134:195-9. [PMID: 11833281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2001.00195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The seabird tick Ixodes uriae (Acari: Ixodidae) has a bi- and circumpolar distribution and is commonly infected with Lyme disease Borrelia. Identical Borrelia flagellin gene sequences have been detected in I. uriae from both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, suggesting a transequatorial transport of Borrelia. Parsimony analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and a part of 16S rDNA of I. uriae from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres indicated that northern and southern I. uriae might be reproductively separated. We hypothesize that Borrelia is probably not dispersed from one hemisphere to the other by ticks attached to seabirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gylfe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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Abstract
Myocarditis associated with bacterial enteritis has only rarely been described and the pathogenesis is unclear. Herein we report a case where a young adult developed myocarditis during the acute stage of an infection with Salmonella heidelberg and Campylobacter jejunii/coli. The patient's troponin I value was elevated. We suggest that use of cardiac-sensitive troponins may be a useful tool for diagnosis of acute myocarditis in the context of bacterial enteritis. We also suggest the need for further investigation of the pathogenesis of myocarditis associated with enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wanby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kalmar County Hospital, Sweden.
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