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Aryan, Babu B, Divakar S, Gowramma B, Jupudi S, Chand J, Malakar Kumar V. Rational design of thiazolidine-4-one-gallic acid hybrid derivatives as selective partial PPARγ modulators: an in-silico approach for type 2 diabetes treatment. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37997952 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2283161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a bipolar metabolic disorder characterized by abnormalities in insulin production from β-cells and insulin resistance. Thiazolidinediones are potent anti-diabetic agents that act through the modulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a nuclear receptor. However, their full agonistic activity leads to severe side effects by stabilizing Helix12 through strong hydrogen bonding with the TYR473 residue. Partial and selective PPARγ modulators (GW0072, GQ16, VSP-51, MRL-20, MBX-213, INT131) have demonstrated superior results compared to full agonists without causing adverse effects, as reported in existing data. To address this uncertainty and advance therapeutic options, we identified and designed a novel class of compounds (A1-A23) based on a hybrid structure combining phenolic and Thiazolidine-4-one's moieties. Our rational drug design strategy incorporated structural-activity relationship principle, and validated the docking studies through calculated the root mean square deviation. Additionally, we conducted molecular docking, binding energy, molecular dynamics simulations, and post-molecular dynamics calculations to evaluate the dynamics behavior between the ligands and protein. The selected ligands demonstrated highly favorable docking scores and binding energies, comparable to the co-crystal (rosiglitazone) such as A12 (-13.9 kcal/mol and -86.2 kcal/mol), A1 (-11.1 kcal/mol and -79.5 kcal/mol), A13 (-11.3 kcal/mol and -91.4 kcal/mol), and the co-crystal itself (-9.8 kcal/mol and -76 kcal/mol), respectively. Finally, the MD revealed that, the selected ligands were equally contributed for stabilization of Helix12 and β-sheets. It was concluded, the designed ligands (A12, A1, and A13) exhibited weaker hydrogen-bond interactions with specific residue TYR473 which partially modulated the PPARγ protein.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Divakar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Gowramma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srikanth Jupudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jagdish Chand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Malakar Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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Raj M, Sathiyaraj G, Narayanan B, Babu B, Varkey M, Karthickkannan K, Ganeshamurthy R, Mandal A, Kandan S. Characterization of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei causing Hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis in L. vannamei and a new molecular method for its detection in shrimps, and other environmental samples. J Invertebr Pathol 2023:107951. [PMID: 37307943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) caused by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a disease of utmost concern in almost all shrimp growing countries. The pathogen was characterized by ultramicrography, histopathology and phylogenetic analysis of 18srDNA. A total of 183 biological samples were collected from all major shrimp growing states of the country.The histology technique could be used very well in identifying the site of infection and can aid in diagnosis of EHP. Wet mount and Ultramicrography were employed to observe the structure of spores. A single step PCR based method was developed for detecting the pathogen from variety of DNA samples including shrimp and non-shrimp sources.The developed PCR assay proved to be a robust and reliable technique to detect EHP in shrimps and environmental samples and for assessing the distribution of pathogen within geographical zones, thus aid in mitigating the disease. The PCR primers was also used to generate DIG labelled probe which was successful in binding to the EHP infected cells in HP of shrimp. The presence of pathogen was confirmed from many non-shrimp environmental samples suggests that they could act as reservoirs for recurrent infection in shrimp ponds. Proper control of these reservoirs will be the first step in recovering an EHP affected pond back to normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Raj
- Central Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre For Aquaculture (RGCA), TTTAC, Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India, 3/197, Poompuhar Road Karaimedu Village, Sattanathapuram P.O, Sirkali Taluk, Mayiladuthurai District 609109, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G Sathiyaraj
- Central Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre For Aquaculture (RGCA), TTTAC, Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India, 3/197, Poompuhar Road Karaimedu Village, Sattanathapuram P.O, Sirkali Taluk, Mayiladuthurai District 609109, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Biju Narayanan
- Central Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre For Aquaculture (RGCA), TTTAC, Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India, 3/197, Poompuhar Road Karaimedu Village, Sattanathapuram P.O, Sirkali Taluk, Mayiladuthurai District 609109, Tamilnadu, India
| | - B Babu
- Central Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre For Aquaculture (RGCA), TTTAC, Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India, 3/197, Poompuhar Road Karaimedu Village, Sattanathapuram P.O, Sirkali Taluk, Mayiladuthurai District 609109, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mathews Varkey
- Central Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre For Aquaculture (RGCA), TTTAC, Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India, 3/197, Poompuhar Road Karaimedu Village, Sattanathapuram P.O, Sirkali Taluk, Mayiladuthurai District 609109, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Karthickkannan
- Central Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre For Aquaculture (RGCA), TTTAC, Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India, 3/197, Poompuhar Road Karaimedu Village, Sattanathapuram P.O, Sirkali Taluk, Mayiladuthurai District 609109, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Ganeshamurthy
- Central Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre For Aquaculture (RGCA), TTTAC, Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India, 3/197, Poompuhar Road Karaimedu Village, Sattanathapuram P.O, Sirkali Taluk, Mayiladuthurai District 609109, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Anup Mandal
- Central Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre For Aquaculture (RGCA), TTTAC, Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India, 3/197, Poompuhar Road Karaimedu Village, Sattanathapuram P.O, Sirkali Taluk, Mayiladuthurai District 609109, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - S Kandan
- Central Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre For Aquaculture (RGCA), TTTAC, Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India, 3/197, Poompuhar Road Karaimedu Village, Sattanathapuram P.O, Sirkali Taluk, Mayiladuthurai District 609109, Tamilnadu, India
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Ponnaiah M, Dikid T, Yadav R, Thangaraj JWV, Velusamy S, Vaisakh TP, Babu B, Mishra A, Patel P, Papanna M, Velayudhan A, Sharma R, Shrivastava A, Jain SK, Prasad R, Kumar S, Singh V, Singh SK, Murhekar M. Litchi consumption and missed meals continue to be associated with acute encephalopathy syndrome among children: an investigation of the 2019 outbreak in Muzaffarpur district, Bihar, India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2023; 117:45-49. [PMID: 36107937 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muzaffarpur district in Bihar State of India recorded a resurgence of acute encephalopathy syndrome (AES) cases in the summer of 2019 after no reported outbreak in 3 y. Earlier studies generated evidence that litchi consumption and missing the previous evening's meal were associated with AES. We investigated the recent outbreak to understand the risk factors associated with AES. METHODS We conducted a matched case-control study by comparing AES cases with healthy controls from case-households and the neighborhood community for risk factors like missing evening meal and litchi consumption before onset of AES. RESULTS We recruited 61 cases and 239 controls. Compared with the community controls, case-patients were five times more likely to have reported eating litchi in the 7 d preceding the onset of illness (adjusted OR [AOR]=5.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 19) and skipping the previous evening's meal (AOR=5.2; 95% CI 1.4 to 20). Compared with household controls, case-patients were five times more likely to be children aged <5 y (AOR=5.3; 95% CI 1.3 to 22) and seven times more likely to have skipped the previous evening's meal (AOR=7.4; 95% CI 1.7 to 34). CONCLUSIONS Skipping the previous evening's meal and litchi consumption were significantly associated with AES among children in Muzaffarpur and adjoining districts of Bihar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manickam Ponnaiah
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tanzin Dikid
- National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Yadav
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Saravanakumar Velusamy
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T P Vaisakh
- National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, India
| | - Binoy Babu
- National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, India
| | | | - Purvi Patel
- National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, India
| | - Mohan Papanna
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rajeev Sharma
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, New Delhi, India
| | | | - S K Jain
- National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Prasad
- Sri Krishna Medical College & Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Varsha Singh
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | | | - Manoj Murhekar
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Saravanakumar M, Chandrasekaran J, Krishnakumar M, Babu B, Mohanbabu B, Vinitha G. Growth, spectral and quantum chemical investigation on hexamethylenetetramine 4-nitrophenol monohydrate single crystals for second harmonic generation and optical limiting applications. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Babu B, Paret ML, Martini X, Knox GW, Riddle B, Ritchie L, Aldrich J, Kalischuk M, Da Silva S. Impact of Foliar Application of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl on Rose Rosette Disease and Rose Plant Quality. Plant Dis 2022; 106:818-827. [PMID: 34645302 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-21-0131-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rose rosette disease (RRD) caused by rose rosette emaravirus (RRV) is a major issue in the U.S. rose industry with no effective method for its management. This study evaluated the effect of foliar application of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a plant systemic acquired resistance inducer, in reducing RRD disease severity on Rosa species cv. Radtkopink ('Pink Double Knock Out') under greenhouse conditions, and the effect of ASM on plant growth under commercial nursery production conditions. ASM at 50- or 100-mg/liter concentrations at weekly intervals significantly reduced RRD severity compared with the untreated control in two of the three greenhouse trials (P < 0.05). The plants in these trials were subsequently pruned and observed for symptoms, which further indicated that application of ASM at 50- or 100-mg/liter concentrations lowered disease severity compared with the untreated control (P < 0.05) in these two trials. Plants treated with ASM at 50- or 100-mg/liter concentrations had delayed incidence of RRD compared with the nontreated controls. Plants treated with ASM at the 50- or 100-mg/liter rate in all three trials either did not have RRV present or the virus was present in fewer leaf samples than untreated controls as indicated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis. Overall, plants treated with ASM at the 50-mg/liter concentration had 36 to 43% reduced RRD incidence compared with the water control. The treatment of two cultivars of rose, 'Radtkopink' and 'Meijocos' ('Pink Drift'), with weekly foliar applications of ASM at the three rates (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 oz/A) indicated that ASM had no negative effect on flowering or plant growth at even the highest rate of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Babu
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351
| | - Mathews L Paret
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351
- Plant Pathology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Xavier Martini
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Gary W Knox
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Barron Riddle
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351
| | - Laura Ritchie
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351
| | - Jim Aldrich
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351
| | - Melanie Kalischuk
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351
| | - Susannah Da Silva
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351
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Brown MJ, Patel P, Nash E, Dikid T, Blanton C, Forsyth JE, Fontaine R, Sharma P, Keith J, Babu B, Vaisakh TP, Azarudeen MJ, Riram B, Shrivastava A. Prevalence of elevated blood lead levels and risk factors among children living in Patna, Bihar, India 2020. PLOS Glob Public Health 2022; 2:e0000743. [PMID: 36962532 PMCID: PMC10021519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Childhood lead exposure remains a key health concern for officials worldwide, contributing some 600,000 new cases of intellectually disabled children annually. Most children affected by high exposure to lead live in low- and middle-income countries. The leaded gasoline phase out in India was completed in 2000. Yet, in 2020, an estimated 275 million children aged 0 to 9 years had blood lead levels (BLLs) ≥ 5 μg/dL known to adversely affect intelligence and behavior. Lead sources reported in India include spices, cookware, paint, traditional medicines and cosmetics, and lead-acid battery recycling and repair. However, their relative contribution has not been characterized. More than 200 lead pollution sites related to battery recycling and repair activities were identified in Bihar and Jharkhand, India. Ninety percent of the recycling sites had soil lead concentrations exceeding the US Environmental Protection Agency's standards. We compared blood and environmental lead levels in two groups of children in Patna, Bihar. Households in proximity to battery recycling operations (Proximal n = 67) versus households distal to these operations (Distal n = 68). The average age of children was 40 months; 46% were female. Overall, the geometric mean (GM) BLL was 11.6 μg/dL. GM BLLs of children in Proximal and Distal households were not significantly different (10.2 μg/dL vs. 13.1 μg/dL respectively; p≤0.07). About 87% children, 56 Proximal and 62 Distal had BLLs ≥5 μg/dl. Lead concentrations in environmental samples were significantly higher in Proximal households (soil mean 9.8 vs. 1.6 μg/ft2; dust mean 52.9 vs. 29.9 μg/ft2 p<0.001; Proximal vs. Distal respectively) whereas concentrations in all spices were higher in Distal households (mean 46.8 vs 134.5 ppm p<0.001; Proximal vs. Distal respectively), and turmeric (mean 59.4 vs. 216.9 ppm Proximal vs. Distal respectively). In multivariate analyses for all children lead in spices and turmeric and number of rooms in the house were significant while for the Proximal group only lead in spices remained in the model. The predictive value of these models was poor. For the Distal group, a model with lead concentration in spices, turmeric and soil and number of rooms in the house was a much better fit. Of the 34 water samples collected, 7 were above the Indian standard of 10 ppb for lead in drinking water (2 in the Proximal area, 5 in the Distal area). Children in Patna, Bihar, India are exposed to multiple sources of lead, with lead levels in house dust and loose, locally sourced spices the most likely to increase blood lead levels. A holistic approach to blood lead testing and source identification and remediation are necessary to prevent lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Brown
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - P Patel
- National Center for Disease Control India, New Delhi, India
| | - E Nash
- Pure Earth, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - T Dikid
- National Center for Disease Control India, New Delhi, India
| | - C Blanton
- Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - J E Forsyth
- Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - R Fontaine
- Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - P Sharma
- Pure Earth, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - J Keith
- Pure Earth, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - B Babu
- National Center for Disease Control India, New Delhi, India
| | - T P Vaisakh
- National Center for Disease Control India, New Delhi, India
| | - M J Azarudeen
- National Center for Disease Control India, New Delhi, India
| | - B Riram
- National Center for Disease Control India, New Delhi, India
| | - A Shrivastava
- National Center for Disease Control India, New Delhi, India
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Sudhakar C, Saravanabhavan M, Ramesh K, Badavath V, Chandrasekar S, Babu B, Sekar M. Pharmacological and quantum chemical studies of 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-3-ium 4-chlorobenzenesulphonate: Synthesis, spectral, thermal analysis and structural elucidation. Results in Chemistry 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Salazar A, Ochoa-Corona FM, Olson JD, Babu B, Paret M. Probing Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) targeting two gene-fragments of rose rosette virus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256510. [PMID: 34843487 PMCID: PMC8629277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the development of Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detection of rose rosette virus (RRV), a technique with the potential to be translated to rose nurseries. RRV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus which is a member of the genus Emaravirus (Family Fimoviridae) and the causal agent of the rose rosette disease (RRD). Although RRV symptoms are characteristics, early visual diagnosis of RRD can be misleading and confusing since it may appear like herbicide damage. Moreover, it may take incubation time for symptoms to appear after virus infection. Two sets of RRV gene sequences RNA3 and RNA4 were analyzed and two sets of four LAMP primers were designed. The direct antigen-capture method for direct trapping of RRV in plastic was used for RNA extraction followed by cDNA synthesis. RT-LAMP reactions were for 1 hour at 64°C (RRV-P3) and 66.5°C (RRV-P4) using either a thermocycler or a portable dry bath. RT-qLAMP was also optimized using DNA polymerase GspSSD LD using the same RRV sets of primers. RRV was detected in symptomatic and non-symptomatic RRD tissue from Oklahoma. The limit of detection (LoD) was 1pg/μL and 1 fg/μL using Bst 2.0 LAMP and GspSSD LD quantitative LAMP, respectively. In visual colorimetric pre- and post-reactions, the LoD was 10 pg/μL and 0.1 pg/μL using hydroxy naphthol blue (HNB, 120 μM) and SYBR green I (1:10 dilution), respectively. No cross-reactivity was detected in the RT-LAMP reaction testing cDNAs of eight commonly co-infecting rose viruses and one virus taxonomically related to RRV. Four different dyes were tested, and visible colorimetric reactions were obtained with RT-LAMP Bst 2.0 combined with SYBR I or HNB. RT-qLAMP with GspSSD2.0 offers LoD equal to RT-PCR and it is faster since it works with RNA directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salazar
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Institute for Biosecurity and Microbial Forensic, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas- ESPE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Francisco M. Ochoa-Corona
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Institute for Biosecurity and Microbial Forensic, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer D. Olson
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Binoy Babu
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, Florida, United States America
| | - Mathews Paret
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, Florida, United States America
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G KK, Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy P, Ammu V V V RK, Vishwanath K, Narenderan ST, Babu B, Krishnaveni N. Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for pioglitazone: application towards pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study in rats. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11437-11443. [PMID: 35423625 PMCID: PMC8695949 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01126j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to measure pioglitazone (PGZ) concentrations in rat plasma and tissues. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using a YMC Pro C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3μ) with a mobile phase consisting of formic acid (0.1% v/v) and acetonitrile (5 : 95) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL min−1 and injection volume of 10 μL (IS: rosiglitazone). Mass spectrometric detection was done using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using the ESI interface operating in a positive ionization mode. The developed method was validated over a linearity range of 1–500 ng mL−1 with detection and a lower quantification limit of 0.5 ng mL−1 and 1 ng mL−1. The method accuracy ranged from 95.89–98.78% (inter-day) & 93.39–97.68% (intra-day) with a precision range of 6.09–8.12% for inter-day & 7.55–9.87% for intra-day, respectively. The PGZ shows the highest Cmax of 495.03 ng mL−1 in plasma and the lowest Cmax, 24.50 ± 2.71 ng mL−1 in bone. The maximum Tmax of 5.00 ± 0.49 h was observed in bone and a minimum of 1.01 ± 0.05 h in plasma. The AUC(0–24 h and 0–∞) values are highest in plasma (1056.58 ± 65.78 & 1069.38 ± 77.50 ng h−1 mL−1) and lowest in brain (166.93 ± 15.70 &167.12 ± 16.77 ng h−1 mL−1), and the T1/2 was highest in plasma (5.62 ± 0.74 h) and lowest in kidney (2.78 ± 0.19). The developed method was successfully used to measure the PGZ pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution. Further, the developed method could be utilized for validating target organ (adipose tissue) specific delivery of PGZ (nano-formulations) in addition to conventional dosage forms. The developed method was investigated for target and off-target distribution of pioglitazone and could be applied to validate the site-specific delivery systems.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusuma Kumari G
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ravi Kiran Ammu V V V
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - Kurawattimath Vishwanath
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics-Toxicology Division, Sai Advantium Pharma Ltd. Pune 411 057 India
| | - S T Narenderan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - B Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - Nagappan Krishnaveni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
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Mani M, Chang J, Dhanesh Gandhi A, Kayal Vizhi D, Pavithra S, Mohanraj K, Mohanbabu B, Babu B, Balachandran S, Kumaresan S. Environmental and biomedical applications of AgNPs synthesized using the aqueous extract of Solanum surattense leaf. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Gopinath R, Narenderan ST, Kumar M, Babu B. A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative bioanalysis of fingolimod in human blood: Application to pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4822. [PMID: 32153027 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of fingolimod in human blood. The analyte and internal standard fingolimod-d4 were extracted from 300 μl of human blood using protein precipitation coupled with solid-phase extraction method. The chromatographic separation was achieved with a Kinetex biphenyl column (100 × 4.6 mm, 2.6 μm) under isocratic conditions at the flow rate of 0.8 ml/min and column temperature was maintained at 45°C. The detection of analyte and internal standard was carried out by tandem mass spectrometry, operated in positive ion and multiple reaction monitoring acquisition mode. The method was fully validated for its selectivity, precision, accuracy, linearity, stability, detection and quantification limit. The extraction recovery of fingolimod in human blood ranged from 98.39 to 99.54%. The developed method was linear over the concentration range of 5-2500 pg/ml with a detection limit of 1 pg/ml. The developed method was validated and successfully applied for pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of fingolimod capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gopinath
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be university), Salem, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S T Narenderan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be university), Salem, Tamilnadu, India
| | - B Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Narenderan ST, Meyyanathan SN, Babu B. Review of pesticide residue analysis in fruits and vegetables. Pre-treatment, extraction and detection techniques. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109141. [PMID: 32466907 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of pesticides have been used in agriculture to increase the yield, quality and extend the storage life of crops. However, the use of pesticide has been increased now a day due to the ever-increasing population and rapid urbanization. The continuous uses of these pesticides have resulted in contamination of the environment, crops and also caused potential risk to human health. For this reason, strict regulations are developed and regulated to monitor these compounds. To date, several techniques have been developed for the extraction and detection of pesticides, from traditional to advanced detection techniques. The present study delineates a comprehensive up to date overview of the available traditional methods (gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with various detector) to advanced pre-treatment (polystyrene-coated magnetic nanoparticle) and detection (sensor development and nanotechnology) techniques used in the analysis of pesticides residue in various fruits and vegetables. Also, categorization of pesticides and its toxicity have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Narenderan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S N Meyyanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Shobhana E, Kesavasamy R, Arul H, Thirumurugan R, Babu B. Synthesis, structural, hirshfeld, spectral, thermal, Z-scan analysis and computational studies of 4-chloroanilinium quinoline-2-carboxylate (4CQ). J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Babu B, Khalid A, Sadiq S, Essem J, Ruiz-Mendoza E. 15 Structured Geriatric Liaison Services in Mental Health Inpatient Facilities. Age Ageing 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz183.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Older people admitted to mental health facilities may be at increased risk of deterioration in the physical co-morbidities and increased rates of mortality when admitted in acute medical settings. Our model of care focuses on intervening in the physical aspect of patients admitted in the mental health unit addressing their comorbidities and polypharmacy and offering staff support during the admission process. Our Older Mental Health Unit is based in the district hospital with a total of 22 beds for people over 65 years old distributed in two areas: dementia with behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPS) and functional disorders.
Methods
Allocated geriatrician once a week to attend MDT and medical ward rounds. 5 working days telephone consultations for advice and supporting trainees in teaching and research. We measure the impact of our intervention comparing the data predating our intervention comparing 20 patients in each period 2016 and 2018.
Results
Mean age increased from 74.3 to 77.8 in a two year period with an average of 3.5 medical co-morbidities. Reduction in polypharmacy from 7.15 to 5.5 number of medication, 58% reduction in the number of hospital transfers and 90% reduction in specialty referrals.
Conclusions
Structured Geriatric Liaison Services in Mental Health in inpatient facilities are shown to be effective in reducing acute hospital and outpatient clinic attendances minimising the challenges of management of these patients in non-mental health facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Babu
- North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust Cambridgeshire Peterborough Foundation Trust
| | - A Khalid
- North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust Cambridgeshire Peterborough Foundation Trust
| | - S Sadiq
- North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust Cambridgeshire Peterborough Foundation Trust
| | - J Essem
- North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust Cambridgeshire Peterborough Foundation Trust
| | - E Ruiz-Mendoza
- North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust Cambridgeshire Peterborough Foundation Trust
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15
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Gopinath R, Narenderan ST, Kumar M, Babu B. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of lenalidomide in human plasma and its application on bioequivalence studies. J Anal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-019-0195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA simple, sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of lenalidomide in human plasma. The separation was carried out on a symmetry, C18, 5-μm (50 × 4.6 mm) column as stationary phase and with an isocratic mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water-methanol in the ratio of (15:85, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Protonated ions formed by electrospray ionization in the positive mode were used to detect analyte and fluconazole (internal standard). The mass detection was made by monitoring the fragmentation of m/z 260.1/148.8 for lenalidomide and m/z 307.1/238.0 for internal standard on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The developed method was validated over the concentration range of 10–1000 ng/mL for lenalidomide in human plasma with a correlation coefficient (r2) was 0.9930. The accuracy and precision values obtained from six different sets of quality control samples analyzed on separate occasions ranged from 99.41 to 106.97% and 2.88 to 4.22%, respectively. Mean extraction recoveries were 98.06% and 88.78% for the analyte and IS, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for analyzing lenalidomide in human plasma samples.
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16
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Thangarasu R, Babu B, Senthil Kumar N, Ho MS, Balasundaram ON, Elangovan T. Impact of Cu doping on the structural, morphological and optical activity of V 2O 5 nanorods for photodiode fabrication and their characteristics. RSC Adv 2019; 9:16541-16553. [PMID: 35516387 PMCID: PMC9064445 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07717g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report a wet chemical precipitation method used to synthesize pure and Cu-doped V2O5 nanorods with different doping concentrations (Cu x V2O5 where x = 3, 5 or 7 at%), followed by annealing at 600 °C and characterizations using several techniques. Indeed, a growth mechanism explaining the morphological evolution under the experimental conditions is also proposed. The XRD patterns revealed that all of the studied samples consist of a single V2O5 phase and are well crystallized with a preferential orientation towards the (200) direction. The presence of intrinsic defects and internal stresses in the lattice structure of the Cu x V2O5 samples has been substantiated by detailed analysis of the XRD. Apart from the doping level, there was an assessment of identical tiny peaks attributed to the formation of a secondary phase of CuO. SEM images confirmed the presence of agglomerated particles on the surface; the coverage increased with Cu doping level. XPS spectral analysis showed that Cu in the V5+ matrix exists mainly in the Cu2+ state on the surface. The appearance of satellite peaks in the Cu 2p spectra, however, provided definitive evidence for the presence of Cu2+ ions in these studied samples as well. Doping-induced PL quenching was observed due to the absorption of energy from defect emission in the V5+ lattice by Cu2+ ions. We have proposed a cost-effective, less complicated but effective way of synthesizing pure and doped samples in colloidal form, deposited by the nebulizer spray technique on p-Si to establish junction diodes with enhanced optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thangarasu
- Department of Physics, PSG College of Arts & Science Coimbatore 641 014 Tamil Nadu India +91 04224303300 + 91 0422 430 3320
| | - B Babu
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University Taichung City 402 Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University Taichung City-40227 Taiwan
| | - N Senthil Kumar
- Nanotechnology Research Lab, Department of Physics, Kongunadu Arts and Science College G-N Mills Coimbatore 641 029 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mon-Shu Ho
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University Taichung City 402 Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University Taichung City-40227 Taiwan
| | - O N Balasundaram
- Department of Physics, PSG College of Arts & Science Coimbatore 641 014 Tamil Nadu India +91 04224303300 + 91 0422 430 3320
| | - T Elangovan
- Department of Energy Studies, Periyar University Salem 636 011 Tamil Nadu India
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17
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Narenderan S, Meyyanathan S, Babu B, Yamjala K, Ashwini S. Determination of Midodrine and its Active Metabolite Desglymidodrine by LC-MS/MS and its Application in Human Pharmacokinetic Studies. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180213125537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Midodrine (MD) is a prodrug which is converted into Desglymidodrine
(DMD) after oral administration.
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Objective: The aim of the present study is to develop and validate a precise, accurate liquid chromatography-
tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) method for the separation and detection of Midodrine
and Desglymidodrine.
Methods:
The quantification of prodrug Midodrine (MD) and its active metabolite Desglymidodrine
(DMD) in human plasma was performed using simple and economical protein precipitation method.
Caffeine was used as an internal standard (IS). LC separation was carried out using Jones C18 column
(4.6mm x 150mm, 3µm). Isocratic elution was performed using 10mM ammonium formate (pH 4.0
adjusted with formic acid): methanol 30:70, v/v as a mobile phase, at a constant of flow of 0.5 ml/min.
Results:
Mass spectrometric detection was carried out at positive electrospray ionization with proton
adducts at m/z 255.0˃237.1, 198.1˃180.2 and 195.0˃138.1 for Midodrine, Desglymidodrine and caffeine
(IS) respectively, in MRM mode. The method was validated over a linear concentration range of
0.3-110 ng/ml (r2 =0.996 and r2 =0.9988) for both Midodrine and Desglymidodrine. The recovery of
Midodrine and Desglymidodrine were found to be 99 ± 0.12%. The precision (intra-day and inter-day)
and accuracy studies fulfilled the acceptance criteria.
Conclusion:
The method shows to be stable for the studied stability parameters and was successfully
applied for clinical pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.T. Narenderan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore), Udhagamandalam Tamil Nadu-643001, India
| | - S.N. Meyyanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore), Udhagamandalam Tamil Nadu-643001, India
| | - B. Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore), Udhagamandalam Tamil Nadu-643001, India
| | - Karthik Yamjala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore), Udhagamandalam Tamil Nadu-643001, India
| | - S.J. Ashwini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore), Udhagamandalam Tamil Nadu-643001, India
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18
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Ashwini SJ, Narenderan ST, Meyyanathan SN, Babu B, Gowramma B. A Validated Chiral HPLC Method for the Enantiomeric separation of Mefloquine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-360x.2019.00384.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Thirumurugan R, Babu B, Anitha K, Chandrasekaran J. Synthesis, growth, characterization and quantum chemical investigations of a promising organic nonlinear optical material: Thiourea-glutaric acid. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Sudhakar C, Saravanabhavan M, Sekar M, Babu B, Chandrasekaran J. Crystal Structure and Third Order Nonlinear Optical Studies on 2-Phenylbenzimidazolium-p-Toulenesulphonate. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s002247661805013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Newberry EA, Babu B, Roberts PD, Dufault NS, Goss EM, Jones JB, Paret ML. Molecular Epidemiology of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Causing Bacterial Leaf Spot of Watermelon and Squash in Florida. Plant Dis 2018; 102:511-518. [PMID: 30673490 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-17-1002-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
From 2013 to 2014, bacterial leaf spot epidemics incited by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae affected an estimated 3,000 ha of watermelon and squash in Florida, and caused foliar blighting and transplant losses in severely affected fields. To investigate the diversity of the causal agent, we isolated 28 P. syringae strains from diseased plants grown in 10 Florida and Georgia counties over the course of 2 years. Strains were confirmed as P. syringae through sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA, phenotypic, and biochemical profiling; however, 20 displayed an atypical phenotype by exhibiting nonfluorescent activity on King's medium B agar and being negative for ice-nucleating activity. Multilocus sequence analysis and BOX polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of two haplotypes among the collected strains that grouped into two distinct clades within P. syringae phylogroup 2. Pathogenicity testing showed that watermelon, cantaloupe, and squash seedlings were susceptible to a majority of these strains. Although both haplotypes were equally virulent on cantaloupe, they differed in virulence on watermelon and squash. The distribution of one haplotype in 9 of 10 Florida and Georgia counties sampled indicated that these epidemics were associated with the recent introduction of a novel clonal P. syringae lineage throughout major watermelon production areas in Florida.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Newberry
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy
| | - B Babu
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy
| | - P D Roberts
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee
| | - N S Dufault
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - E M Goss
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - J B Jones
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - M L Paret
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy
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22
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Babu K, Venkanna A, Poornima B, Siva B, Babu B. Towards the Total Synthesis of Schisandrene: Stereoselective Synthesis of the Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignan Core. Synlett 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1591539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective synthesis of the dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan core of the natural product schisandrene is described. Starting from readily available gallic acid, the synthetic strategy involves Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling, Stille reaction, and ring-closing metathesis (RCM) in the reaction sequence. The required asymmetric center at C-7′ was established by an asymmetric reduction of a keto compound using the Corey–Bakshi–Shibata (CBS) catalyst. In our approach, the eight-membered ring was achieved by RCM for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Babu
- Natural Products Laboratory, Division of Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Arramshetti Venkanna
- Natural Products Laboratory, Division of Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University
| | - Borra Poornima
- Natural Products Laboratory, Division of Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Bandi Siva
- Natural Products Laboratory, Division of Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - B. Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University
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23
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Thirumurugan R, Babu B, Anitha K, Chandrasekaran J. Experimental and density functional theory (DFT): A dual approach to probe the key properties of creatininium l -tartrate monohydrate single crystal for nonlinear optical applications. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Newberry EA, Ritchie L, Babu B, Sanchez T, Beckham KA, Jones JB, Freeman JH, Dufault NS, Paret ML. Epidemiology and management of bacterial leaf spot on watermelon caused by Pseudomonas syringae. Plant Dis 2017; 101:1222-1229. [PMID: 30682952 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-16-1628-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial leaf spot of watermelon caused by Pseudomonas syringae has been an emerging disease in the southeastern United States in recent years. Disease outbreaks in Florida were widespread from 2013 to 2014 and resulted in foliar blighting at the early stages of the crop and transplant losses. We conducted a series of field trials at two locations over the course of two years to examine the chemical control options that may be effective in management of this disease, and to investigate the environmental conditions conducive for bacterial leaf spot development. Weekly applications of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) foliar, ASM drip, or copper hydroxide mixed with ethylene bis-dithiocarbamate were effective in reducing the standardized area under the disease progress curve (P < 0.05). Pearson's correlation test demonstrated a negative relationship between the average weekly temperature and disease severity (-0.77, P = 0.0002). When incorporated into a multiple regression model with the square root transformed average weekly rainfall, these two variables accounted for 71% of the variability observed in the weekly disease severity (P < 0.0001). This information should be considered when choosing the planting date for watermelon seedlings as the cool conditions often encountered early in the spring season are conducive for bacterial leaf spot development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Newberry
- North Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy
| | - L Ritchie
- North Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy
| | - B Babu
- North Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy
| | - T Sanchez
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - K A Beckham
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - J B Jones
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - J H Freeman
- North Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy
| | - N S Dufault
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - M L Paret
- North Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy
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25
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Babu B, Washburn BK, Ertek TS, Miller SH, Riddle CB, Knox GW, Ochoa-Corona FM, Olson J, Katırcıoğlu YZ, Paret ML. A field based detection method for Rose rosette virus using isothermal probe-based Reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification assay. J Virol Methods 2017; 247:81-90. [PMID: 28583856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rose rosette disease, caused by Rose rosette virus (RRV; genus Emaravirus) is a major threat to the rose industry in the U.S. The only strategy currently available for disease management is early detection and eradication of the infected plants, thereby limiting its potential spread. Current RT-PCR based diagnostic methods for RRV are time consuming and are inconsistent in detecting the virus from symptomatic plants. Real-time RT-qPCR assay is highly sensitive for detection of RRV, but it is expensive and requires well-equipped laboratories. Both the RT-PCR and RT-qPCR cannot be used in a field-based testing for RRV. Hence a novel probe based, isothermal reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-exoRPA) assay, using primer/probe designed based on the nucleocapsid gene of the RRV has been developed. The assay is highly specific and did not give a positive reaction to other viruses infecting roses belonging to both inclusive and exclusive genus. Dilution assays using the in vitro transcript showed that the primer/probe set is highly sensitive, with a detection limit of 1 fg/μl. In addition, a rapid technique for the extraction of viral RNA (<5min) has been standardized from RRV infected tissue sources, using PBS-T buffer (pH 7.4), which facilitates the virus adsorption onto the PCR tubes at 4°C for 2min, followed by denaturation to release the RNA. RT-exoRPA analysis of the infected plants using the primer/probe indicated that the virus could be detected from leaves, stems, petals, pollen, primary roots and secondary roots. In addition, the assay was efficiently used in the diagnosis of RRV from different rose varieties, collected from different states in the U.S. The entire process, including the extraction can be completed in 25min, with less sophisticated equipments. The developed assay can be used with high efficiency in large scale field testing for rapid detection of RRV in commercial nurseries and landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Babu
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351, USA.
| | - Brian K Washburn
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Tülin Sarigül Ertek
- Directorate of Plant Protection Central Institute, Yenimahalle, Ankara 06172, Turkey
| | - Steven H Miller
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Charles B Riddle
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351, USA
| | - Gary W Knox
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351, USA
| | - Francisco M Ochoa-Corona
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Jennifer Olson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | | | - Mathews L Paret
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351, USA; Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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26
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Babu B, Washburn BK, Miller SH, Poduch K, Sarigul T, Knox GW, Ochoa-Corona FM, Paret ML. A rapid assay for detection of Rose rosette virus using reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification using multiple gene targets. J Virol Methods 2016; 240:78-84. [PMID: 27915036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rose rosette disease caused by Rose rosette virus (RRV; genus Emaravirus) is the most economically relevant disease of Knock Out® series roses in the U.S. As there are no effective chemical control options for the disease, the most critical disease management strategies include the use of virus free clean plants for propagation and early detection and destruction of infected plants. The current diagnostic techniques for RRV including end-point reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) are highly sensitive, but limited to diagnostic labs with the equipment and expertise; and is time consuming. To address this limitation, an isothermal reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay based on multiple gene targets for specific detection of RRV was developed. The assay is highly specific and did not cross react with other viruses belonging to the inclusive and exclusive genus. Dilution assays using the in vitro transcripts showed that the primer sets designed (RPA-267, RPA-131, and RPA-321) are highly sensitive, consistently detecting RRV with a detection limit of 1fg/μL. Testing of the infected plants using the primer sets indicated that the virus could be detected from leaves, stems and petals of roses. The primer pair RPA-267 produced 100% positive detection of the virus from infected leaf tissues, while primer set RPA-131 produced 100% detection from stems and petals. The primer set RPA-321 produced 83%, 87.5% and 75% positive detection from leaves, petals and stem tissues, respectively. In addition, the assay has been efficiently used in the detection of RRV infecting Knock Out® roses, collected from different states in the U.S. The assay can be completed in 20min as compared to the end-point RT-PCR assay (3-4h) and RT-qPCR (1.5h). The RT-RPA assay is reliable, rapid, highly sensitive, and can be easily used in diagnostic laboratories for detection of RRV with no need for any special equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Babu
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351, United States.
| | - Brian K Washburn
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Steven H Miller
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Kristina Poduch
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Tulin Sarigul
- Directorate of Plant Protection Central Institute, Yenimahalle, Ankara 06172, Turkey
| | - Gary W Knox
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351, United States
| | - Francisco M Ochoa-Corona
- Oklahoma State University, National Institute for Microbial Forensics & Food and Agricultural Biosecurity, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Mathews L Paret
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351, United States; Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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Babu B, Washburn BK, Poduch K, Knox GW, Paret ML. Identification and characterization of two novel genomic RNA segments RNA5 and RNA6 in rose rosette virus infecting roses. Acta Virol 2016; 60:156-65. [PMID: 27265465 DOI: 10.4149/av_2016_02_156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rose rosette virus (RRV), a negative-strand RNA virus belonging to the genus Emaravirus, has recently been characterized to be the causal agent of rose rosette disease. Roses showing typical symptoms of RRV collected from a rose nursery in Florida were subjected to reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay using primers corresponding to the conserved inverted 13 nucleotide long stretches found at the termini of the RRV genomic RNA segments. RT-PCR analysis yielded two novel genomic RNA segments, RNA5 and RNA6, in addition to the previously identified four RNA segments. The RNA5 is 1650 bp long and encodes for a polypeptide of 465 amino acids (54.3 K), while RNA6 is 1400 bp long and encodes for a polypeptide of 233 amino acids (27.05 K). RACE analysis showed that, both the RNA segments posses at their 5' and 3' termini, stretches of conserved inverted complementary13 nucleotides long sequence with two nucleotide mismatches as previously identified in other genomic RNA segments. Northern blot analysis as well as RT-PCR using specific primers showed the presence of the novel genomic RNA segments in infected plants, but absent in the non-infected plants. The GenBank Acc. Nos. for the sequences reported in this paper are KT007556 and KT007557.
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Newberry EA, Jardini TM, Rubio I, Roberts PD, Babu B, Koike ST, Bouzar H, Goss EM, Jones JB, Bull CT, Paret ML. Angular Leaf Spot of Cucurbits is Associated With Genetically Diverse Pseudomonas syringae Strains. Plant Dis 2016; 100:1397-1404. [PMID: 30686200 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-15-1332-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Angular leaf spot of cucurbits is generally considered to be caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. It has a worldwide distribution and has been observed to emerge sporadically under humid and wet conditions. Reports of multiple P. syringae pathovars associated with the disease and lack of molecular analysis has left the true diversity of populations in the United States unclear. In this study, we collected 27 P. syringae strains causing foliar lesions and blighting on watermelon, cantaloupe, and squash in Florida, Georgia, and California over several years. Strains were fluorescent on King's medium B agar and displayed the typical phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of P. syringae. P. syringae pv. lachrymans is a member of genomospecies 2. However, the genetic profiles obtained through both MLSA (gyrB, rpoD, gapA, and gltA) and BOX-PCR (BOXA1R) identified 26 of the P. syringae strains to be distributed among three clades within genomospecies 1, and phylogenetically distinct from genomospecies 2 member P. syringae pv. lachrymans. A novel MLSA haplotype of the pathogen common to all states and cucurbit hosts was identified. Considerable genetic diversity among P. syringae strains infecting cucurbits is associated with the same disease, and reflects the larger ecological diversity of P. syringae populations from genomospecies 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Newberry
- North Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL
| | | | - I Rubio
- USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA; and Undergraduate Research Opportunities Center, Seaside, California State University, Monterey Bay, CA
| | - P D Roberts
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL
| | - B Babu
- North Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL
| | - S T Koike
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Monterey County, Salinas, CA
| | - H Bouzar
- Sakata Seed America, Inc., Salinas, CA
| | - E M Goss
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - J B Jones
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - C T Bull
- USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA (current address: Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA)
| | - M L Paret
- North Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL
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Gowramma B, K. Praveen T, Kalirajan R, Babu B. Synthesis of Some Novel 2-Azetidinones/4-Thiazolidinones Bearing 1, 3, 4- Thiadiazole Nucleus and Screening for its Anti-Imflammatory Activity. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2016. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180813666151123235546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Babu B, Jeyaprakash A, Jones D, Schubert TS, Baker C, Washburn BK, Miller SH, Poduch K, Knox GW, Ochoa-Corona FM, Paret ML. Development of a rapid, sensitive TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of Rose rosette virus using multiple gene targets. J Virol Methods 2016; 235:41-50. [PMID: 27210549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rose rosette virus (RRV), belonging to the genus Emaravirus, is a highly destructive pathogen that causes rose rosette disease. The disease is a major concern for the rose industry in the U.S. due to the lack of highly sensitive methods for early detection of RRV. This is critical, as early identification of the infected plants and eradication is necessary in minimizing the risks associated with the spread of the disease. A highly reliable, specific and sensitive detection assay is thus required to test and confirm the presence of RRV in suspected plant samples. In this study a TaqMan real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed for the detection of RRV from infected roses, utilizing multiple gene targets. Four pairs of primers and probes; two of them (RRV_2-1 and RRV_2-2) based on the consensus sequences of the glycoprotein gene (RNA2) and the other two (RRV_3-2 and RRV_3-5) based on the nucleocapsid gene (RNA3) were designed. The specificity of the primers and probes was evaluated against other representative viruses infecting roses, belonging to the genera Alfamovirus, Cucumovirus, Ilarvirus, Nepovirus, Tobamovirus, and Tospovirus and one Emaravirus (Wheat mosaic virus). Dilution assays using the in vitro transcripts (spiked with total RNA from healthy plants, and non-spiked) showed that all the primers and probes are highly sensitive in consistently detecting RRV with a detection limit of 1 fg. Testing of the infected plants over a period of time (three times in monthly intervals) indicated high reproducibility, with the primer/probe RRV_3-5 showing 100% positive detection, while RRV_2-1, RRV_2-2 and RRV_3-2 showed 90% positive detection. The developed real-time RT-PCR assay is reliable, highly sensitive, and can be easily used in diagnostic laboratories for testing and confirmation of RRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Babu
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351, United States.
| | - Ayyamperumal Jeyaprakash
- Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Debra Jones
- Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Timothy S Schubert
- Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Carlye Baker
- Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Brian K Washburn
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Steven H Miller
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Kristina Poduch
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Gary W Knox
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351, United States
| | - Francisco M Ochoa-Corona
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Mathews L Paret
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351, United States.
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Rao M, Krishna K, Babu B. Development and Validation of a Stability Indicating HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of Esomeprazole and Itopride in Bulk and In Capsules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7324/japs.2016.60210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Babu B, Chandrasekaran J, Mohanbabu B, Matsushita Y, Saravanakumar M. Growth, physicochemical and quantum chemical investigations on 2-amino 5-chloropyridinium 4-carboxybutanoate – an organic crystal for biological and optoelectronic device applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15791b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optically transparent organic single crystals of 2-amino 5-chloropyridinium 4-carboxybutanoate (2A5C4C) with sizes of 7 × 4 × 2 mm3 were grown by a slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature using methanol solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Babu
- Crystal Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science
- Coimbatore – 641 020
- India
| | - J. Chandrasekaran
- Crystal Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science
- Coimbatore – 641 020
- India
| | - B. Mohanbabu
- Crystal Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science
- Coimbatore – 641 020
- India
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Meshram H, Kumar G, Kumar A, Swetha A, Babu B. An Unexpected C–C Bond Cleavage of Acetophenones: Synthesis of Bis(heteroaryl)arylmethanes and Triarylmethanes via SeO2/Lanthanide Chloride Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts Arylation. Synlett 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1560808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Babu B, Kefialew YW, Li PF, Yang XP, George S, Newberry E, Dufault N, Abate D, Ayalew A, Marois J, Paret ML. Genetic Characterization of Didymella bryoniae Isolates Infecting Watermelon and Other Cucurbits in Florida and Georgia. Plant Dis 2015; 99:1488-1499. [PMID: 30695956 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-14-0341-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gummy stem blight caused by Didymella bryoniae (anamorph Phoma cucurbitacearum) is a major fungal disease of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and other cucurbits. Thirty-five isolates of Didymella and Phoma spp. associated with symptoms of gummy stem blight on watermelon, Canary melon (Cucumis melo), muskmelon (C. melo), and winter squash (Cucurbita maxima) from Florida and Georgia were characterized based on morphology on agar media, pathogenicity on 'Melody' watermelon, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. All of the isolates were pathogenic on watermelon but differed in virulence. RAPD and ITS sequence analysis indicated genetic variability among the isolates but PCR-RFLP analysis did not show any variability. ITS sequence phylogenetic analysis identified two isolates, DB-05 and DB-33, which had a greater identity to that of D. bryoniae isolates from China (98 to 100% sequence homology) than other isolates from Florida and Georgia (95 to 98%). These two isolates possessed a single nucleotide substitution of A to G at position 131 of the ITS1 region. The study characterized the genetic profile of a collection of D. bryoniae isolates from Florida and Georgia in relation to isolates from other U.S. states and countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Babu
- North Florida Research and Education Center (NFREC), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Quincy 32351
| | - Yonas W Kefialew
- NFREC, University of Florida and Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Gambella Agricultural Research Institute, Gambella, Ethiopia
| | - Ping-Fang Li
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing-Ping Yang
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Nicholas Dufault
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - Dawit Abate
- Department and Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Ayalew
- School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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Saleh A, Ihedioha U, Babu B, Evans J, Kang P. Audit of preoperative localisation of tumor with tattoo for patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Scott Med J 2015; 61:160-162. [PMID: 26229061 DOI: 10.1177/0036933015597170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative localisation of tumour is an essential requirement in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Since the introduction of laparoscopic colorectal resections in NGH in February 2010, the difficulties of tumour localisation at the time of surgery without tattoo have been highlighted. Furthermore, endoscopic documentation of site of tattoo with respect to the tumour can be inconsistent and at times misleading or difficult to interpret. Tattooing guidelines should be simple to follow and consistent for all lesions irrespective of the location of the tumour. The recommendations were to place at least three spots of tattoo one mucosal fold distal to the lesion and clearly document site of tattoo with respect to tumour in the endoscopy report. METHOD We identified 100 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal cancer resections over a two-year period. Data were collected regarding presence of tattoo preoperatively as documented in the colonoscopy report and subsequently the visibility of the tattoo at time of laparoscopy and its accuracy in relation to the tumour. Abdominoperineal resections and emergency colorectal operations were excluded. RESULTS Only 59% of the patients had a visible and accurate tattoo. In 17% of the patients, the tattoo was not visible at all, although it was documented in the endoscopy report that it had been administered. In 4% of patients, it was visible but inaccurately placed. In 20% of the patients, there were no tattoos at all, necessitating on table endoscopy and intraoperative specimen analysis to confirm that the tumour/lesion was within the resection specimen. DISCUSSION Preoperative tumour localisation is extremely important to correctly identify the site of tumour or lesion at laparoscopy. A standardised departmental protocol should be implemented by all endoscopists to place three spots of tattoo one mucosal fold distal to any significant lesions found. Failure to tattoo lesions/cancers preoperatively can lead to intraoperative delays and potential harm to patients from on-table endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saleh
- Surgical SHO, General Surgical Department, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | - U Ihedioha
- Consultant Surgeon, General Surgical Department, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | - B Babu
- Surgical Registrar, General Surgical Department, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | - J Evans
- Consultant Surgeon, General Surgical Department, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | - P Kang
- Consultant Surgeon, General Surgical Department, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, UK
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Saleh A, Ihedioha U, Babu B, Evans J, Kang P. Is estimated intra-operative blood loss a reliable predictor of surgical outcomes in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery? Scott Med J 2015. [PMID: 26209612 DOI: 10.1177/0036933015597174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer is often associated with significantly reduced intra-operative blood loss compared to the corresponding open procedures. Increased intra-operative blood loss can be associated with increased risk of post-operative morbidity and mortality. We sought to determine whether estimated intra-operative blood loss was a reliable predictor of post-operative surgical outcomes. METHOD Prospective data were collected for patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal cancer resections from July 2011 to November 2013. Weighing swabs and measuring blood volume in suction devices calculated the estimated intra-operative blood loss. The operative outcome data including post-operative 30 day morbidity and mortality, length of hospital stay, re-admission and re-operation within 30 days were collected. The operative blood loss was grouped into Group 1 (less than 50 ml, Group 2 (50-150 ml) and Group 3 (over 150 ml). Patients who underwent open operations and laparoscopic conversions were excluded. RESULTS The median age, length of hospital stay, male to female ratio and body mass index were similar in the three groups. There was no 30-day mortality in any of the groups. The number of re-admissions within 30 days was similar in all groups. The re-operation rates within 30 days were higher in Groups 2 and 3 at 11% and 8.6%, respectively. The post-operative complications were 12.5%, 16.7%, and 26% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. There were no anastomotic leaks requiring re-operation noted in Group 3. DISCUSSION This study has shown that intra-operative blood loss was not associated with increased median length of stay nor did it increase the 30 day re-admission rate. However, increased intra-operative blood loss was associated with increased incidence of post-operative morbidity and risk of reoperation within 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saleh
- Surgical SHO, General Surgical Department, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | - U Ihedioha
- Consultant Surgeon, General Surgical Department, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | - B Babu
- Surgical Registrar, General Surgical Department, Northampton General Hospital NHST Trust, UK
| | - J Evans
- Consultant Surgeon, General Surgical Department, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | - P Kang
- Consultant Surgeon, General Surgical Department, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, UK
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Karthik Y, Babu B, Meyyanathan S, Awari V, Krishnaveni N. A novel reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC–UV) method for the estimation of alosetron HCl and its validation. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.27.2015.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Thirumurugan R, Babu B, Anitha K, Chandrasekaran J. Investigation on growth, structure and characterization of succinate salt of 8-hydroxyquinoline: an organic NLO crystal. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 140:44-53. [PMID: 25589396 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
8-Hydroxyquinolinium succinate (8-HQSU) has been synthesized and single crystals were grown from ethanol solvent by employing the technique of slow evaporation at room temperature. The structure of the grown crystal has been elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It reveals that 8-HQSU crystallizes in monoclinic system with non-centro symmetric space group P2(1). FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectral investigations have been carried out to identify the vibrational modes of various functional groups and placement of proton and carbon in the 8-HQSU compound, respectively. UV-vis-NIR transmission spectrum shows the cutoff wavelength around 357 nm. In addition, a photoluminescence spectral analysis was carried out for 8-HQSU crystals. The thermal properties of crystals were evaluated from TGA and DTA techniques and the crystal was found to be stable up to 145°C. The dielectric studies show that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss decrease exponentially with frequency at different temperatures. Photoconductivity studies were carried out on the grown crystals it reveals the positive photo conducting nature. Powder second harmonic generation property of the crystal was confirmed by Kurtz and Perry powder SHG technique and it is found to be 1.3 times greater than that of KDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thirumurugan
- Department of Physics, School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - B Babu
- Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641020, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Anitha
- Department of Physics, School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - J Chandrasekaran
- Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641020, Tamilnadu, India
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Patri S, Mohana M, Kameswari K, Kumar SS, Narmadha S, Vijayshree R, Meikandamurthy C, Venkatesan A, Palanisami K, Murthy DT, Babu B, Prakash V, Rajan K. Simplified method for measuring the response time of scram release electromagnet in a nuclear reactor. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rao GT, Babu B, Stella RJ, Manjari VP, Ravikumar RVSSN. Spectral investigations on undoped and Cu²⁺ doped ZnO-CdS composite nanopowders. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 139:86-93. [PMID: 25554956 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Undoped and Cu(2+) doped ZnO-CdS composite nanopowders were synthesized by simple chemical precipitation method. Structural and spectroscopic properties of the prepared samples have been characterized by XRD, SEM with EDS, TEM, FT-IR, UV-Vis, EPR and Photoluminescence studies. X-ray diffraction pattern contains a series of peaks corresponds to hexagonal phase of ZnO and CdS. The average crystallite sizes of undoped and Cu(2+) doped samples are determined and are in the range of 25-30 nm. SEM and TEM micrographs reveal that the samples show spherical like structures with little agglomeration. FT-IR spectra show the fundamental mode of vibrations of ZnO at 515 cm(-1), CdS at 621 cm(-1) and other functional groups. Optical absorption spectrum of Cu(2+) doped sample consists of three bands at 665, 823 and 1192 nm attributed to the transitions (2)B1g→(2)Eg, (2)B2g and (2)A1g respectively. Crystal field and tetragonal field parameters are evaluated as Dq=1214, Ds=1610 and Dt=389 cm(-1). From EPR, spin-Hamiltonian and hyperfine splitting parameters are evaluated for Cu(2+) doped sample as g‖=2.3391, g⊥=2.0550 and A‖=130×10(-4) cm(-1), A⊥=36×10(-4) cm(-1). The optical and EPR data suggests that Cu(2+) entered into host lattice as tetragonally distorted octahedral site symmetry. PL spectra consists two emission bands at 367, 380 nm in UV region. A sharp blue emission peak at 425 nm and a broad green emission peak in the range of 450-570 nm are observed. The enhanced visible emission is observed after doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Thirumala Rao
- Department of Physics, University College of Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar 522510, A.P., India
| | - B Babu
- Department of Physics, University College of Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar 522510, A.P., India
| | - R Joyce Stella
- Department of Physics, University College of Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar 522510, A.P., India
| | - V Pushpa Manjari
- Department of Physics, University College of Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar 522510, A.P., India
| | - R V S S N Ravikumar
- Department of Physics, University College of Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar 522510, A.P., India.
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Balaprabhakaran S, Chandrasekaran J, Babu B, Thirumurugan R, Anitha K. Synthesis, crystal growth and physiochemical characterization of organic NLO crystal: L-ornithinium dipicrate (LODP). Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 136 Pt B:700-706. [PMID: 25448969 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
L-ornithinium dipicrate (LODP) has been synthesized and good quality single crystals were grown by slow evaporation method at room temperature. Single crystal XRD confirms that the grown crystal belongs to the monoclinic system with the noncentrosymmetric space group P21. Powder X-ray diffraction study confirms the crystalline nature of the compound. FTIR spectral analysis confirms the functional group in the synthesized compound. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses reveal the thermal stability of the crystal. The optical absorption spectrum shows the absence of absorption between 475 nm and 800 nm. The dielectric measurements were carried out to estimate the dielectric parameters of the grown crystal in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 MHz at various temperatures. The second harmonic property has been investigated by Kurtz-Perry powder technique. The relative SHG efficiency of LODP is found to be 14.57 times greater than that of the reference material KDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balaprabhakaran
- Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Chandrasekaran
- Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641 020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B Babu
- Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Thirumurugan
- Department of Physics, School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Anitha
- Department of Physics, School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kumari M, Kasthuri J, Babu B, Satyanarayana P, Tchaleu B. A Validated Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Rifampicin and Isoniazid in Pharmaceutical Formulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.9734/bjpr/2015/12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jaya Raja B, Rajesh Yadav M, Pushpa Manjari V, Babu B, Rama Krishna C, Ravikumar R. Synthesis and characterization of undoped and Mn(II)ions doped Li2CaAl4(PO4)4F4 nanophosphors. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Babu B, Dankers H, Newberry E, Baker C, Schubert T, Knox G, Paret M. First Report of Rose rosette virus Associated with Rose Rosette Disease Infecting Knockout Roses in Florida. Plant Dis 2014; 98:1449. [PMID: 30703988 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-14-0501-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Roses are one of the most popular flowering shrubs in the United States, with a total wholesale value of US$194 million. Among the major states, Florida is the fourth largest producer of roses with a total value exceeding US$20 million (4). In Florida, the roses have become especially popular in recent years with the introduction of Knock Out and other shrub roses. Virus-like symptoms including witches'-broom, excessive thorns, abnormal red discoloration of shoots and foliages, distorted leaves, and deformed buds and flowers were initially observed on Knock Out roses in a commercial nursery in Quincy, FL, in November 2013. Fifteen plants out of ~250,000 plants showed these characteristic symptoms. Total RNA extracts (RNeasy Plant Mini Kit, Qiagen, Valencia, CA) from eight symptomatic and two non-symptomatic rose samples were subjected to reverse-transcription (RT) assays using SuperScript III Reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen, Life Technologies, NY) and random hexamer primers. The cDNA synthesized was then subjected to PCR assay using Platinum Taq DNA polymerase (Invitrogen, Life Technologies) and using Rose rosette virus (RRV) specific primers RRV-F and RRV-R (1), targeting the core region of the RNA1 genome of the virus. The RT-PCR assays using the specific primers produced amplicons of 375 bp, only in the symptomatic leaf samples. The obtained amplicons were PCR purified and sequenced directly (GenBank Accession Nos. KF990370 to KF990377). BLAST analysis of these sequences revealed a higher identity of 99% with the RRV (HQ871942) in the NCBI database. Pairwise comparison of the eight RRV sequences exhibited 99 to 100% identity among themselves. These results revealed the association of RRV with the symptomatic rose plants. Eight symptomatic and two non-symptomatic rose plant samples were tested for RRV using blot hybridization assay, utilizing a digoxigenin-labeled DNA probe of 511 bp, targeting the RNA1 genome of the RRV. All eight symptomatic rose plants showed a positive reaction to the RRV-specific probes, confirming the presence of RRV in the samples, while the non-symptomatic and the buffer control did not produce any reactions. Even though the virus is reported to spread by an eriophyid mite Phyllocoptes fructiphilus, thorough examination of the infected samples showed absence of the vector. The samples were also tested using RT-PCR for the presence of Rose cryptic virus (RCV) and Blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus (BCRV) using specific primers (2,3). The samples tested negative for the RCV and BCRV. This is the first report of occurrence of RRV on rose in Florida. Considering the economic importance of the rose plants and the highly destructive nature of RRV, this report underscores the need for immediate effective quarantine and management of the virus for protecting the economically important rose industry in Florida. References: (1) A. G. Laney et al. J. Gen. Virol. 92:1727, 2011. (2) S. Sabanadzovic and N. Abou Ghanem-Sabanadzovic. J. Plant Pathol. 90:287, 2008. (3) I. E. Tzanetakis et al. Plant Pathol. 55:568, 2006. (4) USDA. 2007 Census of Agriculture 3:25, Washington, DC, 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Babu
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy 32351
| | - H Dankers
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy 32351
| | - E Newberry
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy 32351
| | - C Baker
- Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - T Schubert
- Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - G Knox
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy 32351
| | - M Paret
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy 32351
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Babu B, Dankers H, Paret ML. First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus Associated with Capsicum chinense var. Scotch Bonnet in Florida. Plant Dis 2014; 98:1016. [PMID: 30708920 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-13-1276-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Scotch bonnet (Capsicum chinense) is a tropical hot pepper variety that is grown in South America, the Caribbean Islands, and in Florida, and is an important cash crop. In Florida, scotch bonnet is grown on ~100 acres annually. Virus-like leaf symptoms including mosaic and yellow mottling were observed on scotch bonnet plants in a field at Quincy, FL, with a disease incidence of ~5%. Two symptomatic and one non-symptomatic plant sample were collected from this field for identification of the causal agent associated with the symptoms. Viral inclusion assays (2) of the epidermal tissues of the symptomatic scotch bonnet samples using Azure A stain indicated the presence of spherical aggregates of crystalline inclusion bodies. Testing of the symptomatic samples using lateral flow immunoassays (Immunostrips, Agdia, Elkhart, IN) specific to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), showed a positive reaction only to CMV. The sap from an infected leaf sample ground in 0.01 M Sorensons phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) was used to mechanically inoculate one healthy scotch bonnet plant (tested negative for CMV with Immunostrip) at the 2- to 3-leaf stage. The inoculated plant developed mild mosaic and mottling symptoms 12 to 14 days post inoculation. The presence of CMV in the mechanically inoculated plant was further verified using CMV Immunostrips. Total RNA was extracted (RNeasy Plant Mini Kit, Qiagen, Valencia, CA) from the previously collected two symptomatic and one non-symptomatic scotch bonnet samples. The samples were subjected to reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR assays using SuperScript III One-Step RT-PCR System (Invitrogen, Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY), and using multiplex RT-PCR primer sets (1). The primers were designed to differentiate the CMV subgroup I and II, targeting the partial coat protein gene and the 3'UTR. The RT-PCR assays using the multiplex primers produced an amplicon of 590 bp, with the CMV subgroup I primers. The RT-PCR product was only amplified from the symptomatic leaf samples. The obtained amplicons were gel eluted, and directly sequenced bi-directionally (GenBank Accession Nos. KF805389 and KF805390). BLAST analysis of these sequences showed 97 to 98% nucleotide identities with the CMV isolates in the NCBI database. The isolates collected in Florida exhibited highest identity (98%) with the CMV isolate from tomato (DQ302718). These results revealed the association of CMV subgroup I with symptomatic scotch bonnet leaf samples. Although CMV has been reported from scotch bonnet, this is the first report of its occurrence in Florida. References: (1) S. Chen et al. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. 43:465, 2011. (2) R. G. Christie and J. R. Edwardson. Plant Dis. 70:273, 1986.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Babu
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy 32351
| | - H Dankers
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy 32351
| | - M L Paret
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy 32351
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Babu B, Newberry E, Dankers H, Ritchie L, Aldrich J, Knox G, Paret M. First Report of Xanthomonas axonopodis Causing Bacterial Leaf Spot on Crape Myrtle. Plant Dis 2014; 98:841. [PMID: 30708664 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-13-1082-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia sp.) is a popular ornamental tree in the United States and the industry produced 2,781,089 trees in 2010 with a value exceeding US $42.8 million (1,4). A new disorder of crape myrtle has been observed since 2011 in numerous nurseries in Florida, which was characterized by dark brown, angular to irregularly shaped, oily-looking spots surrounded by yellow halos. The disease primarily affects lower leaves that eventually turn yellow and can lead to rapid defoliation of susceptible cultivars. Plants examined in field surveys at the University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, Quincy, FL in 2012 and 2013 also had similar symptoms on cvs. Arapaho, Carolina Beauty, Tuscarora, Whit IV Red Rocket, Whit VIII Rhapsody in Pink, and White Chocolate. The disease severity ranged from 20 to 70% and all the plants were infected. A yellow-pigmented, gram-negative, oxidase negative bacterium was consistently isolated from symptomatic leaves (two leaves from each of five plants). Pathogenicity tests were performed using five isolated bacterial strains on potted crape myrtle cv. Arapaho. Three plants were inoculated with a 108 CFU/ml suspension of bacterial strains in sterile deionized water, and covered with transparent plastic bag for 48 h. Two control plants were inoculated with sterile distilled water. The inoculated plants were then incubated in a greenhouse at 30 to 34°C for 14 days. Symptoms of dark brown, angular to irregularly shaped lesions were observed only on the inoculated plants after 7 days. The bacterium was re-isolated from the inoculated symptomatic plants as described above, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. Fatty acid methyl ester profiling of the five isolated bacteria using GC-MIDI (Microbial IDentification Inc, Newark, DE) revealed the identity of the bacterium as Xanthomonas axonopodis with an identity index of ~0.80, but matched multiple pathovars. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the pure bacterial culture using UltraClean Microbial DNA Isolation Kit (MO BIO Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA). The genomic DNA was subjected to PCR assay using universal primers 27f/1492R (3) targeting the complete 16S rRNA gene and primers 16F945/23R458 (2), which target the partial 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer region. PCR amplification using primer pairs 27f/1492R and 16F945/23R458 resulted in amplicons of 1,450 and 1,500 bp, respectively. The amplicons were gel purified and sequenced directly at Florida State University. BLAST analysis of the sequences (Accession Nos. KF926678, KF926679, KF926680, KF926681, and KF926682) revealed the identity of the bacterium as X. axonopodis, ranging from 98 to 99%, with several strains in the NCBI database. Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method showed that our strains were distantly clustered with X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae when compared to other available strains in the database. To our knowledge, this is the first worldwide report of a bacterial leaf spot on crape myrtle caused by X. axonopodis. This information should aid in the development of breeding lines with resistance to bacterial leaf spot and effective disease management practices. References: (1) C. S. Furtado. Garden Bull. 24:185, 1969. (2) C. Guasp. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50:1629, 2000. (3) D. J. Lane. Page 115 in: Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics, 1991. (4) USDA. 2007 Census of Agriculture, Washington, DC. 3:25, 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Babu
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy 32351
| | - E Newberry
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy 32351
| | - H Dankers
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy 32351
| | - L Ritchie
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy 32351
| | - J Aldrich
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy 32351
| | - G Knox
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy 32351
| | - M Paret
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy 32351
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Abstract
Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV) infecting three major edible aroids namely Amorphophallus paeoniifolius, Colocasia esculenta, and Xanthosoma sagittifolium cultivated in India was characterized. Infected plants showing typical DsMV symptoms were subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and an amplification of a 963 bp fragment which encoded the coat protein (CP) gene was obtained. BLAST analysis of the cloned DNA amplicon revealed the identity of the virus to be that of DsMV. Sequence identity matrix of the nucleotide sequences among the three isolates showed that the DsMV isolate infecting A. paeoniifolius and C. esculenta shared an identity as high as 93%, while the DsMV isolate from X. sagittifolium shared an identity of only 73% and 76% with the DsMV isolates from A. paeoniifolius and C. esculenta, respectively. Comparative analysis of the coat protein of the three DsMV isolates showed the presence of DVG motif (A. paeoniifolius and C. esculenta) and DTG motif in X. sagittifolium and several varying potential threonine and asparagine rich N-glycosylation motifs. Single amino acid substitution of the several conserved motifs occurs in all the three DsMV isolates. This is the first characterization of DsMV isolates infecting A. paeoniifolius, C. esculenta, and X. sagittifolium plants in India.
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Babu B, Dankers H, George S, Wright D, Marois J, Paret M. First Report of Turnip mosaic virus Infecting Brassica carinata (Ethiopian Mustard) in the United States. Plant Dis 2013; 97:1664. [PMID: 30716835 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-13-0500-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Brassica carinata L. Braun (Ethiopian mustard) is an annual oil seed crop currently being evaluated for its potential use as a source of biofuel. Due to its high content of erucic acid, it provides a biodegradable non-fossil fuel feedstock that has many applications ranging from biofuels to other industrial uses such as polymers, waxes, and surfactants. Moreover, high glucosinolate content adds the scope of B. carinata being used as a bio-fumigant. B. carinata is amenable to low input agriculture and has great economic potential to be used as a winter crop, especially in the southeastern United States. Virus-like leaf symptoms including mosaic, ringspot, mottling, and puckering were observed on B. carinata (cvs. 080814 EM and 080880 EM) in field trials at Quincy, FL, during spring 2013, with disease incidence of >80%. A more extensive survey of the same field location indicated that mosaic symptoms were the most common. Viral inclusion assays (1) of leaves with a range of symptoms indicated the presence of potyvirus-like inclusion bodies. Total RNA extracts (RNeasy Plant Mini Kit, Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA) from six symptomatic samples and one non-symptomatic B. carinata sample were subjected to reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays using SuperScript III One-Step RT-PCR System (Invitrogen, Life Technologies, NY), and two sets of potyvirus-specific degenerate primers MJ1-F and MJ2-R (2) and NIb2F and NIb3R (3), targeting the core region of the CP and NIb, respectively. The RT-PCR assays using the CP and NIb specific primers produced amplicons of 327 bp and 350 bp, respectively, only in the symptomatic leaf samples. The obtained amplicons were gel-eluted and sequenced directly (GenBank Accession Nos. KC899803 to KC899808 for CP and KC899809 to KC899813 for NIb). BLAST analysis of these sequences revealed that they came from Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Pairwise comparisons of the CP (327 bp) and NIb (350 bp) segments revealed 98 to 99% and 96 to 98% nucleotide identities, respectively, with corresponding sequences of TuMV isolates. These results revealed the association of TuMV with symptomatic B. carinata leaf samples. Although TuMV has been reported from B. carinata in Zambia (4), this is the first report of its occurrence on B. carinata in the United States. Considering the importance of B. carinata as a biofuel source, this report underscores the need for developing effective virus management strategies for the crop. References: (1) R. G. Christie and J. R. Edwardson. Plant Dis. 70:273, 1986. (2) M. Grisoni et al. Plant Pathol. 55:523, 2006. (3) L. Zheng et al. Plant Pathol. 59:211, 2009. (4) D. S. Mingochi and A. Jensen. Acta Hortic. 218:289, 1988.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Babu
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy 32351
| | - H Dankers
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy 32351
| | - S George
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy 32351
| | - D Wright
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy 32351
| | - J Marois
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy 32351
| | - M Paret
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy 32351
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