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Orłowska B, Majchrzak M, Didkowska A, Anusz K, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Zabost A, Brzezińska S, Kozińska M, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Urbańska K, Welz M, Parniewski P. Mycobacterial Interspersed Repeat Unit-Variable Number Tandem Repeat Typing of Mycobacterium avium Strains Isolated from the Lymph Nodes of Free-Living Carnivorous Animals in Poland. Pathogens 2023; 12:1184. [PMID: 37764992 PMCID: PMC10536629 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organisms, of which some, especially those of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), may be opportunistic animal and human pathogens. Infection with NTM can interfere with tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and induce zoonoses, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Diseases caused by NTM have become more readily recognized; however, they are likely still underestimated. In this study, we identified and genotyped Mycobacterium avium strains that were isolated during TB monitoring among free-living carnivorous animals from southeastern Poland. In 2011-2020, lymph node samples from 192 such animals were tested for mycobacteria. A total of 41 isolates of M. avium strains were detected with the use of IS901, IS900, IS1245, and mycobacterial interspersed repeat unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) identification. Thirty-three were identified as M. avium subsp. avium. These strains were derived from 1 beech marten (Martes foina), 1 common buzzard (Buteo buteo), 2 European badgers (Meles meles), 3 wolves (Canis lupus), and 26 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). One strain isolated from a wolf was identified as M. avium subsp. hominissuis. The results show the widespread occurrence of MAC bacilli in the studied environment and additionally comprise new data on the molecular characteristics of M. avium subspecies carried by free-living southeastern Polish carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Marta Majchrzak
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Monika Krajewska-Wędzina
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Anna Zabost
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Sywia Brzezińska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Monika Kozińska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Kaja Urbańska
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Division of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Mirosław Welz
- Provincial Veterinary Inspectorate, Piotra Ścigiennego 6a, 38-400 Krosno, Poland;
| | - Paweł Parniewski
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
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2
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Pławińska-Czarnak J, Wódz K, Strzałkowska Z, Żychska M, Nowak T, Kwieciński A, Kwieciński P, Bielecki W, Rodo A, Rzewuska M, Kłosińska D, Anusz K, Orłowska B. Comparison of automatic methods MALDI-TOF, VITEK2 and manual methods for the identification of intestinal microbial communities on the example of samples from alpacas ( Vicugna pacos). J Vet Res 2023; 67:361-372. [PMID: 37786852 PMCID: PMC10541665 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Universally, in microbiological diagnostics the detection of live bacteria is essential. Rapid identification of pathogens enables appropriate remedial measures to be taken. The identification of many bacteria simultaneously facilitates the determination of the characteristics of the accompanying microbiota and/or the microbiological complexity of a given environment. Material and Methods The effectiveness of the VITEK2 Compact automated microbial identification system and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), analytical profile index (API) and Remel RapID tests were compared in identification of bacteria isolated from the alpaca gastrointestinal tract. Results Most isolates were Gram-positive, such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis; Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus casseliflavus; Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus equorum, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus sciuri; Paenibacillus amylolyticus; Cellulosimicrobium cellulans; Leuconostoc mesenteroides; Clostridium perfringens; Corynebacterium stationis, Corynebacterium xerosis, and Corynebacterium diphtheriae (the last only isolated manually by API Coryne and the VITEK2 system and Corynebacteria (CBC) card). Corynebacterium diphtheriae was misidentified by MALDI-TOF MS as Candida lipolytica (currently Yarrowia lipolytica). Gram-positive and Gram-variable Micrococcus luteus were also isolated. Gram-negative Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter gergoviae, Enterobacter hormaechei and Enterobacter ludwigii; E. coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae; Citrobacter braakii and Citrobacter freundii; Serratia liquefaciens, Serratia odorifera and Serratia marcescens; Morganella morganii subsp. morganii; Providencia alcalifaciens; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Moraxella osloensis; and Ochrobactrum intermedium were also found. The yeasts Candida albicans, Candida haemulonii and Candida ciferrii were also present. Conclusion MALDI-TOF MS enabled the identification of pathogens and opportunistic pathogens from the alpaca gut which may represent a high risk to human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Wódz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab Brudzew, 62-720Brudzew, Poland
| | | | - Monika Żychska
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nowak
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab Brudzew, 62-720Brudzew, Poland
| | - Adam Kwieciński
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab Brudzew, 62-720Brudzew, Poland
| | - Piotr Kwieciński
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Vet-Lab Brudzew, 62-720Brudzew, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bielecki
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rodo
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daria Kłosińska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Blanka Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Warsaw, Poland
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Orłowska B, Didkowska A, Brzezińska S, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Zabiega K, Pasiniewicz M, Bojarska K, Kaczor S, Krajewska-W Edzina M, Welz M, Anusz K. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Genetic Material in a Free-Living Brown Bear (Ursus arctos). J Wildl Dis 2023; 59:539-541. [PMID: 37269874 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-22-00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) has rarely been detected in bears (Ursidae). We describe detection of MTBC genetic material using a single-tube, high-multiplex PCR and fluorescence-based detection system in a throat swab collected from a free-living, problem individual during immobilization and telemetry collar deployment. Mycobacterial culture was negative in all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Brzezińska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis, and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis, and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warszawa, Poland
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Bojarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation PAS, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stanisław Kaczor
- County Veterinary Inspectorate, Młynarska 45, 38-500 Sanok, Poland
| | - Monika Krajewska-W Edzina
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mirosław Welz
- Provincial Veterinary Inspectorate, Piotra Ścigiennego 6a, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Orłowska B, Didkowska A, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Welz M, Anusz K. No evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in samples from cervids in various regions of Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med 2023; 30:390-393. [PMID: 37387392 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/161287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread disease known to affect livestock and wildlife, as well as humans. However, its incidence in wildlife remains poorly recognized on the global level. In Europe, the majority of TB cases have been confirmed in red deer, badgers and wild boar. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the occurrence of TB in Cervidae in Poland, in areas where TB has been detected in cattle and wildlife. MATERIAL AND METHODS Head and thoracic lymph nodes were collected from a total of 76 free-living red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), from nine Polish provinces during a single hunting season (autumn - winter 2018-19). Samples were subjected to conventional microbiological procedures to isolate mycobacteria. RESULTS No Mycobacteria was isolated in the material collected from red or roe deer. CONCLUSIONS There is a need to continue monitoring the presence of TB in cattle and other animal species to ensure the protection of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Krajewska-Wędzina
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
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Krajewska-Wędzina M, Krzysiak MK, Bruczyńska M, Orłowska B, Didkowska A, Radulski Ł, Wiśniewski J, Olech W, Nowakiewicz A, Welz M, Kaczor S, Weiner M, Anusz K. Ten Years of Animal Tuberculosis Monitoring in Free-Living European Bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071205. [PMID: 37048461 PMCID: PMC10093704 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the period 1996–2012, two outbreaks of animal tuberculosis were noted in the population of free-living European bison (Bison bonasus caucasicus) in the Bieszczady Mountains, Southern Poland. As the European bison is an endangered species and particularly susceptible to tuberculosis, not to mention a national icon, the decision was made to test all deceased bison for TB in Poland. The screened bison were obtained by elimination due to poor health or natural death. A total of 159 European bison have been examined over the last 10 years. The individuals came from four regions of Poland (Białowieża Forest, Bieszczady Mountains, Borecka Forest, Knyszyńska Forest), not only from the area where tuberculosis is still endemic. Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium spp. hominisuis were identified in two different herds. The isolation of M. bovis from European bison was the first case described in Poland. So far, the only causative agent of tuberculosis identified in European bison in Poland, both in the wild and in captive herds, was Mycobacterium caprae. The isolated M. bovis spoligotype has not previously been registered in international spoligotype databases so far. The obtained results highlight the need to monitor TB in European bison in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Krajewska-Wędzina
- National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał K. Krzysiak
- Białowieża National Park, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bruczyńska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- County Veterinary Inspectorate, Orężna 9, 05-501 Piaseczno, Poland
| | - Blanka Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Radulski
- County Veterinary Inspectorate, C.K. Norwida 17, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Jan Wiśniewski
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Olech
- Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mirosław Welz
- Provincial Veterinary Inspectorate, Piotra Ścigiennego 6a, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
| | - Stanisław Kaczor
- County Veterinary Inspectorate, Młynarska 45, 38-500 Sanok, Poland
| | - Marcin Weiner
- Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Didkowska A, Żmuda P, Orłowska B, Nowak M, Filip-Hutsch K, Cuper K, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Anusz K. Suspicion of bovine tuberculosis in sheep in the Małopolskie Voivodeship (southern Poland). Pol J Vet Sci 2022; 25:469-473. [PMID: 36155551 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in sheep (Ovis aries) is caused by Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae. Even though sheep have been considered less sensitive to BTB than other ruminants, they have been subject to increasing numbers of tuberculosis cases and it has been suggested that they may act as a disease reservoir in some regions. Aim of the study: Following a report of tuberculous-like gross lesions (repeated cases of purulent or caseous lymphadenitis and a single case of serosal tubercles on the peritoneum) from veterinarians working in a slaughterhouse in the Małopolskie Voivodeship, southern Poland, the aim of this study was to conduct ante-mortem BTB diagnostics in three flocks with suspected BTB. The animals for testing were selected randomly from the flocks; a blood sample for interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) and a single tuberculin skin test (TST) was performed on each sheep. All TST results were negative. The IGRA result was positive in two ewes from the same flock (four and five years of age); these two sheep were tested microbiologically using Stonebrink and Löwenstein-Jensen media. No gross lesions suggesting BTB were observed, and the culture results were negative. Based on the positive IGRA results, together with its high specificity in sheep, and the potential risk to humans posed by consuming local unpasteurized dairy products, we recommend introducing serological BTB screening in sheep from this area, and subjecting the positive results to confirmation by culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Żmuda
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine UJUR, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30059 Kraków, Poland
| | - B Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Nowak
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Filip-Hutsch
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Cuper
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Krajewska-Wędzina
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - K Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Didkowska A, Orłowska B, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Bielecki W, Brzezińska S, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Olech W, Anusz K. Pregnancy in European bison (Bison bonaus) with generalized tuberculosis - no evidence of vertical transmission. Ann Agric Environ Med 2022; 29:300-302. [PMID: 35767767 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/141612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE One of the main health threats to the endangered European bison (Bison bonsasus) is bovine tuberculosis, the pathogenesis of which in this species is not fully known. The aim of the study was to confirm a possible case of vertical transmission from a pregnant European bison with generalized tuberculosis to its 12-week-old foetus. MATERIAL AND METHODS During the autopsy it was found that the bison had become pregnant, despite an advanced stage of tuberculosis. Material collected from the organs and foetus was placed on Lowenstein and Stonebrink media and incubated at 37 °C for 12 weeks. RESULTS Mycobacteria were isolated from the lungs and lymph nodes; however, the tissue of the foetus and fragments of the reproductive system were negative. CONCLUSIONS Vertical transmission was excluded, although it cannot be ruled out that infection could occur as pregnancy progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Blanka Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Bielecki
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Brzezińska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Olech
- Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Didkowska A, Orłowska B, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Brzezińska S, Żygowska M, Wiśniewski J, Kaczor S, Welz M, Olech W, Anusz K. Microbiological and molecular monitoring for bovine tuberculosis in the Polish population of European bison (Bison bonasus). Ann Agric Environ Med 2021; 28:575-578. [PMID: 34969213 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/130822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE In recent years, bovine tuberculosis (BTB) has become one of the major health hazards facing the European bison (EB, Bison bonasus), a vulnerable species that requires active protection, including regular and effective health monitoring. Monitoring of zoonotic disease in wildlife is also an important part of public health protection. The aim of the study was to determine whether BTB still influences the EB population in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS During 2017-2019, mandibular, retropharyngeal and mediastinal lymph nodes were collected from 90 EB during post-mortem examination, and then cultivated on Lowenstein-Jensen and Stonebrink media. Isolated strains were subjected to molecular analysis to determine the species, spoligotype and MIRU-VNTR pattern. RESULTS Lesions were found in lymph nodes originating from eight EB (8.89%). Positive microbiological cultures for mycobacteria were obtained in samples from six (6.67%) EB. The isolated strains were identified as Mycobacterium caprae (material from four EB) and atypical mycobacteria (material from two EB). For M. caprae strains spoligotype M. bovis 4_CA 1600 was identified and the MIRU-VNTR pattern was identified as 345751355413232. CONCLUSIONS It is recommended that this potentially dangerous disease should be monitored in EB via a comprehensive strategy based on a combination of microbiological and molecular methods. Such monitoring will protect the health of both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Blanka Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Brzezińska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Żygowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Wiśniewski
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Wanda Olech
- Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Didkowska A, Klich D, Hapanowicz A, Orłowska B, Gałązka M, Rzewuska M, Olech W, Anusz K. Pathogens with potential impact on reproduction in captive and free-ranging European bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland - a serological survey. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:345. [PMID: 34736464 PMCID: PMC8567710 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European bison is an endangered species, and as such it is extremely important to monitor herds for pathogens which can lead to reproductive failure. The aim of the present study was to determine the current prevalence of antibodies to pathogens known to potentially influence reproduction in European bison. Serum samples from 183 bison, originating from different parts of Poland, were tested using commercial ELISA tests for antibodies to Chlamydia spp., Coxiella burnetti, Leptospira interrogans, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii; the findings were compared between captive and main free-ranging herds, and with regard to the influence of demographic factors such as age and sex. The prevalence of seropositivity was also checked with regard to location and the animal species sharing it. RESULTS Chlamydia spp. antibodies were present in 48 out of 130 (36.9%) tested samples. Coxiella burnetii was found in one sample out of 178 (0.58%). N. caninum in 36 out of 172 (20.9%) and T. gondii in 23 out of 172 (13.4%). No sample was positive for leptospirosis. Neither sex nor age appeared to have a significant effect on the occurrence of antibodies to the identified species. The prevalence of Chlamydia spp. in the samples varied significantly according to location; however, similar frequency ranges were observed between free ranging and captive herds. In contrast, antibodies to N. caninum were more common in free-ranging herds than captive herds, with the highest frequency observed in the Bieszczady Mountains. CONCLUSIONS Chlamydia spp., N. caninum and T. gondii might have a similar impact on the reproductive potential of European bison as they have on cattle. The high occurrence of antibodies to N. caninum in bison from the Bieszczady Mountains may be associated with the relatively high density of the wolf population in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Klich
- Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Hapanowicz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Blanka Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Gałązka
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Olech
- Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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Didkowska A, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Klich D, Prolejko K, Orłowska B, Anusz K. The Risk of False-Positive Serological Results for Paratuberculosis in Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081054. [PMID: 34451518 PMCID: PMC8399313 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and paratuberculosis (paraTB) continue to cause significant economic losses in cattle breeding; in addition, their etiological agents have zoonotic potential. Although the diagnostics of both diseases are still being improved, problems still remain, such as the potential for cross-reactivity to the antigens used in tests. The aim of the present study was to confirm whether animals known to harbor Mycobacterium bovis antibodies are at increased risk of yielding positive results in paraTB serotesting and, additionally, to verify the accuracy of three commonly used methods for confirming M. bovis infection: ELISA, the tuberculin skin test (TST), and the presence of gross lesions. Material was collected from 98 dairy cattle suspected of BTB due to TST-positive results. During postmortem examination, gross lesions were assessed visually. Blood, lymph nodes, and TB-suspected organs were collected. Serum was obtained from the collected blood and tested serologically for TB and paraTB. The tissues underwent standard microbiological testing for M. tuberculosis complex. Among the 98 TST-positive individuals, tuberculous gross lesions were detected in 57 (58.1%), MTBC were isolated in 83 (84.7%), and the ELISA test was positive for 21 (21.4%). None of the lesions characteristic for paraTB were detected. The chance of obtaining a positive TB result by ELISA was seven times higher using the ELISA-paraTB method; hence, there is a significant risk of obtaining false-positive serological results for paraTB in M. bovis-infected cattle. However, the hypothesis that infection of M. bovis or prior TST performance may have boosted the host immune response and therefore increased the sensitivity of the paraTB-ELISA cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (B.O.); (K.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Daniel Klich
- Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02-786 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Kinga Prolejko
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (B.O.); (K.A.)
| | - Blanka Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (B.O.); (K.A.)
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (B.O.); (K.A.)
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Didkowska A, Dziekan P, Czujkowska A, Bereznowski A, Witkowski L, Orłowska B, Wiśniewski J, Krzysiak M, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Bruczyńska M, Żychska M, Olech W, Anusz K. The first visually-guided bronchoscopy in European bison (Bison bonasus) - An additional tool in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis? Vet Anim Sci 2021; 12:100174. [PMID: 33817406 PMCID: PMC8010204 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The European bison (Bison bonasus, EB) is an endangered species, and as about 1/3 of its global population is found in Poland, it is particularly important that Polish herds should be monitored. One particular concern is tuberculosis, which is not a marginal problem in wildlife in Poland, and has been microbiologically confirmed in EB, wolves (Canis lupus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). However, ante mortem diagnosis of tuberculosis in EB is troublesome. Therefore, the present paper evaluates the potential of bronchoscopy as a diagnostic tool. Seven EB were studied, four of which were found to be naturally infected with M. caprae; in two of these, endoscopy identified abnormalities in the respiratory tract ante mortem. Therefore, despite some limitations, endoscopy can be an additional tool for diagnosing tuberculosis in EB, especially in highly valuable animals, and to assess the stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Andrzej Bereznowski
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucjan Witkowski
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Blanka Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Wiśniewski
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Krzysiak
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351 Białystok, Poland; Białowieża National Park, Park Pałacowy 11, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland
| | - Monika Krajewska-Wędzina
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | | | - Monika Żychska
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Olech
- Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Orłowska B, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Kozińska M, Brzezińska S, Zabost A, Didkowska A, Welz M, Kaczor S, Żmuda P, Anusz K. Epidemiological characterization of Mycobacterium caprae strains isolated from wildlife in the Bieszczady Mountains, on the border of Southeast Poland. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:362. [PMID: 32993648 PMCID: PMC7526380 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of animal tuberculosis (TB) cases reported in wildlife in Poland over the past 20 years have concerned the European bison inhabiting the Bieszczady Mountains in Southeast Poland: an area running along the border of Southeast Poland. As no TB cases have been reported in domestic animals in this region since 2005, any occurrence of TB in the free-living animals inhabiting this area might pose a real threat to local livestock and result in the loss of disease-free status. The aim of the study was to describe the occurrence of tuberculosis in the wildlife of the Bieszczady Mountains and determine the microbiological and molecular characteristics of any cultured strains. Lymph node samples were collected for analysis from 274 free-living animals, including European bison, red foxes, badgers, red deer, wild boar and roe deer between 2011 and 2017. Löwenstein–Jensen and Stonebrink media were used for culture. Molecular identification of strains was performed based on hsp65 sequence analysis, the GenoType®MTBC (Hain Lifescience, Germany) test, spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR analysis. Results Mycobacterium caprae was isolated from the lymph nodes of 21 out of 55 wild boar (38.2%; CI 95%: 26.5%, 51.4%) and one roe deer. Since 2014, no new TB cases have been reported in the Bieszczady European bison population. Conclusions The identification of TB in wild boar in the Bieszczady is an alarming phenomenon, which requires further investigation. The Bieszczady mountains are a precious, unique area, home to many protected species. However, it is also the only area in Poland where TB cases have been reported in free-living animals. The occurrence of TB in wild boar inhabiting this area might pose a real threat to local livestock and many of the protected species (for example European bison that can share feeding places with wild boar). Given this situation, ongoing monitoring of the prevalence of TB should be conducted, and protective measures should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Krajewska-Wędzina
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute (NTLD), Płocka 26, 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Kozińska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute (NTLD), Płocka 26, 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Brzezińska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute (NTLD), Płocka 26, 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zabost
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute (NTLD), Płocka 26, 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Welz
- General Veterinary Inspectorate, Wspólna 30, 00-930, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Kaczor
- County Veterinary Inspectorate, Młynarska 45, 38-500, Sanok, Poland
| | - Piotr Żmuda
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine UJ-UR, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Cracow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Didkowska A, Żmuda P, Kwiecień E, Rzewuska M, Klich D, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Witkowski L, Żychska M, Kaczmarkowska A, Orłowska B, Anusz K. Microbiological assessment of sheep lymph nodes with lymphadenitis found during post-mortem examination of slaughtered sheep: implications for veterinary-sanitary meat control. Acta Vet Scand 2020; 62:48. [PMID: 32887621 PMCID: PMC7472580 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-020-00547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microbiological examination of lesions found in slaughtered animals during meat inspection is an important part of public health protection as such lesions may be due to zoonotic agents that can be transmitted by meat. Examination of inflamed lymph nodes also plays a particular important role, as lymphadenitis may reflect a more widespread infection. Such lesions in sheep are mainly caused by pyogenic bacteria but also mycobacteria are occasionally found. Meat inspection data from 2017 to 2018 from southern Poland, especially from the Małopolska region, indicate that purulent or caseous lymphadenitis involving the mediastinal and tracheobronchial lymph nodes (MTLNs) is a common finding. The primary aim of the current study was to determine the aetiology of these lesions. Furthermore, it was investigated how presence of lesions was correlated with age and grazing strategy of affected sheep. Results Post-mortem examination revealed purulent or caseous lymphadenitis in the MTLNs of 49 out of 284 animals (17.3%). Subsequent microbiological examination revealed the presence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (34.7%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (34.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.2%), Enterococcus spp. (2.0%), Trueperella pyogenes (2.0%), and β-haemolytic strains of Escherichia coli (2.0%). Mycobacterium spp. and Rhodococcus equi were not detected. In older sheep, the probability of the presence of purulent or caseous lymphadenitis was higher than in younger, and the risk was increasing by 1.5% with each month of life. Sheep grazing locally had 4.5-times greater risk of having purulent or caseous lymphadenitis than individuals summer grazing in the mountains. Conclusion The most common aetiological agents of purulent or caseous lymphadenitis in the MTLNs of sheep in the Małopolska region were C. pseudotuberculosis and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. Particular attention during post-mortem examination should be paid to the carcasses of older sheep and sheep grazing on permanent pastures, as they seem more prone to develop purulent or caseous lymphadenitis.
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14
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Krajewska-Wędzina M, Kozińska M, Orłowska B, Weiner M, Szulowski K, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Anusz K, Smith NH. Molecular characterisation of Mycobacterium caprae
strains isolated in Poland. Vet Rec 2018; 182:292. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Kozińska
- Department of Microbiology; National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute; Warsaw Poland
| | - Blanka Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Marcin Weiner
- Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education; Biala Podlaska Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szulowski
- Department of Microbiology; National Veterinary Research Institute; Pulawy Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology; National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute; Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warsaw Poland
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Witkowski L, Orłowska B, Rzewuska M, Czopowicz M, Welz M, Anusz K, Kita J. Evidence of low prevalence of mycobacterial lymphadenitis in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Poland. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59:9. [PMID: 28122588 PMCID: PMC5264462 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium spp. and Rhodococcus equi are generally regarded as the main causes of lymphadenitis in pigs and wild boars. In Poland, mycobacterial submandibular lymphadenitis was first diagnosed in a wild boar in 2012 but Mycobacterium spp. infections are also present in the Polish population of European bison (Bison bonasus). The prevalence of lymphadenitis in Polish wild boars has been found to 8.4% (95% CI 6.2–11.3%) and it has been proved that R. equi is not an important cause of purulent lesions in these animals. The current study was carried out to assess the prevalence of mycobacterial lymphadenitis in the Polish wild boar population. Submandibular lymph nodes with purulent lesions collected from 38 wild boars in 2010/2011 and negative for R. equi were included. Calculations based on the hypergeometric approximation were used to determine the probability that at least one positive individual would be detected if the infection had been present at a prevalence greater than or equal to the design prevalence. All 38 samples were negative for Mycobacterium spp. [0% (95% CI 0, 9.2%)]. Epidemiological analysis showed that the true prevalence was 95% likely to be lower than 10%. In conclusion, mycobacterial lymphadenitis seems to occur rarely in wild boars in Poland. Due to the presence of Mycobacterium spp. infections in other wildlife, the surveillance of mycobacterial infections in wild animals in Poland remains an important issue.
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Anusz K, Orłowska B, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Krzysiak M, Bielecki W, Witkowski L, Welz M, Kita J. Ante-mortem and post-mortem tuberculosis diagnostics in three European Bison from the enclosure in Bukowiec in the Bieszczady National Park in Poland. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 2017. [DOI: 10.21521/mw.5786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The ante-mortem diagnostics of tuberculosis in wildlife constitutes a major problem due to the difficulties in collecting samples for examination. Therefore, tuberculosis in free-living animals is usually diagnosed post mortem. Ante-mortem examinations for bovine tuberculosis (BTB) were conducted in three European bison living in an acclimatisation enclosure in Bukowiec in the Bieszczady National Park in Poland. The reason for performing these examinations was the documented contact between the aforementioned animals and tuberculous European bison from a free-living herd present in the area. The three European bison were pharmacologically immobilised. Next, their blood samples were collected for immunological studies (interferon-gamma release assays), complete blood count and blood biochemistry tests. Moreover, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from the lower respiratory tract, two nasal cavity swabs and one throat swab were taken from each animal. Tuberculin testing was also performed. The findings of all these examinations indicated the possible infection of the European bison with the tubercle bacillus. Ultimately, the decision was taken to euthanize the animals.
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Krajewska M, Załuski M, Zabost A, Orłowska B, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Anusz K, Lipiec M, Weiner M, Szulowski K. Tuberculosis in Antelopes in a Zoo in Poland--Problem of Public Health. Pol J Microbiol 2015; 64:395-7. [PMID: 26999962 DOI: 10.5604/17331331.1185242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease that occurs in many species of both domestic and wild animals, as well as those held in captivity. The etiological factor is the acid resistant bacillus (Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium caprae), which is characterized by the major pathogenicity among mycobacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The material from 8 antelopes from the zoo, suspected for tuberculosis were examined, and M. bovis strains were isolated from 6 of them. The spoligotyping method showing spoligo pattern 676763777777600. In Poland, this spoligotype has not been observed so far.
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