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Deshpande A, Brants J, Wasylyk C, van Hooij O, Verhaegh GW, Maas P, Schalken JA, Wasylyk B. TTLL12 has a potential oncogenic activity, suppression of ligation of nitrotyrosine to the C-terminus of detyrosinated α-tubulin, that can be overcome by molecules identified by screening a compound library. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296960. [PMID: 38394155 PMCID: PMC10889654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tubulin tyrosine ligase 12 (TTLL12) is a promising target for therapeutic intervention since it has been implicated in tumour progression, the innate immune response to viral infection, ciliogenesis and abnormal cell division. It is the most mysterious of a fourteen-member TTL/TTLL family, since, although it is the topmost conserved in evolution, it does not have predicted enzymatic activities. TTLL12 seems to act as a pseudo-enzyme that modulates various processes indirectly. Given the need to target its functions, we initially set out to identify a property of TTLL12 that could be used to develop a reliable high-throughput screening assay. We discovered that TTLL12 suppresses the cell toxicity of nitrotyrosine (3-nitrotyrosine) and its ligation to the C-terminus of detyrosinated α-tubulin (abbreviated to ligated-nitrotyrosine). Nitrotyrosine is produced by oxidative stress and is associated with cancer progression. Ligation of nitrotyrosine has been postulated to be a check-point induced by excessive cell stress. We found that the cytotoxicities of nitrotyrosine and tubulin poisons are independent of one another, suggesting that drugs that increase nitrotyrosination could be complementary to current tubulin-directed therapeutics. TTLL12 suppression of nitrotyrosination of α-tubulin was used to develop a robust cell-based ELISA assay that detects increased nitrotyrosination in cells that overexpress TTLL12 We adapted it to a high throughput format and used it to screen a 10,000 molecule World Biological Diversity SETTM collection of low-molecular weight molecules. Two molecules were identified that robustly activate nitrotyrosine ligation at 1 μM concentration. This is the pioneer screen for molecules that modulate nitrotyrosination of α-tubulin. The molecules from the screen will be useful for the study of TTLL12, as well as leads for the development of drugs to treat cancer and other pathologies that involve nitrotyrosination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Deshpande
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Jan Brants
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Christine Wasylyk
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Onno van Hooij
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Maas
- Specs, Bleiswijkseweg, Zoetermeer, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
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Mourtada J, Thibaudeau C, Wasylyk B, Jung AC. The Multifaceted Role of Human Dickkopf-3 (DKK-3) in Development, Immune Modulation and Cancer. Cells 2023; 13:75. [PMID: 38201279 PMCID: PMC10778571 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The human Dickkopf (DKK) family includes four main secreted proteins, DKK-1, DKK-2, DKK-3, and DKK-4, as well as the DKK-3 related protein soggy (Sgy-1 or DKKL1). These glycoproteins play crucial roles in various biological processes, and especially modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. DKK-3 is distinct, with its multifaceted roles in development, stem cell differentiation and tissue homeostasis. Intriguingly, DKK-3 appears to have immunomodulatory functions and a complex role in cancer, acting as either a tumor suppressor or an oncogene, depending on the context. DKK-3 is a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target that can be modulated by epigenetic reactivation, gene therapy and DKK-3-blocking agents. However, further research is needed to optimize DKK-3-based therapies. In this review, we comprehensively describe the known functions of DKK-3 and highlight the importance of context in understanding and exploiting its roles in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Mourtada
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (J.M.); (C.T.)
- Laboratoire STREINTH (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), INSERM U1113 IRFAC, Université de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chloé Thibaudeau
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (J.M.); (C.T.)
- Laboratoire STREINTH (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), INSERM U1113 IRFAC, Université de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U 1258, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
- Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain C. Jung
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (J.M.); (C.T.)
- Laboratoire STREINTH (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), INSERM U1113 IRFAC, Université de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
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Mourtada J, Lony C, Nicol A, De Azevedo J, Bour C, Macabre C, Roncarati P, Ledrappier S, Schultz P, Borel C, Burgy M, Wasylyk B, Mellitzer G, Herfs M, Gaiddon C, Jung AC. A novel ΔNp63-dependent immune mechanism improves prognosis of HPV-related head and neck cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264093. [PMID: 38022675 PMCID: PMC10630910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deconvoluting the heterogenous prognosis of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is crucial for enhancing patient care, given its rapidly increasing incidence in western countries and the adverse side effects of OSCC treatments. Methods Transcriptomic data from HPV-positive OSCC samples were analyzed using unsupervised hierarchical clustering, and clinical relevance was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. HPV-positive OSCC cell line models were used in functional analyses and phenotypic assays to assess cell migration and invasion, response to cisplatin, and phagocytosis by macrophages in vitro. Results We found, by transcriptomic analysis of HPV-positive OSCC samples, a ΔNp63 dependent molecular signature that is associated with patient prognosis. ΔNp63 was found to act as a tumor suppressor in HPV-positive OSCC at multiple levels. It inhibits cell migration and invasion, and favors response to chemotherapy. RNA-Seq analysis uncovered an unexpected regulation of genes, such as DKK3, which are involved in immune response-signalling pathways. In agreement with these observations, we found that ΔNp63 expression levels correlate with an enhanced anti-tumor immune environment in OSCC, and ΔNp63 promotes cancer cell phagocytosis by macrophages through a DKK3/NF-κB-dependent pathway. Conclusion Our findings are the first comprehensive identification of molecular mechanisms involved in the heterogeneous prognosis of HPV-positive OSCC, paving the way for much-needed biomarkers and targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Mourtada
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Christelle Lony
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Anaïs Nicol
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Justine De Azevedo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Bour
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Macabre
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
- Tumorothèque du Centre Paul Strauss, Centre Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Roncarati
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sonia Ledrappier
- Tumorothèque du Centre Paul Strauss, Centre Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Schultz
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Borel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mickaël Burgy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1258, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Georg Mellitzer
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Michaël Herfs
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain C. Jung
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
- Tumorothèque du Centre Paul Strauss, Centre Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
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Kurihara C, Nakade K, Pan J, Huang J, Wasylyk B, Obata Y. An easy method for preparation of Cre-loxP regulated fluorescent adenoviral expression vectors and its application for direct reprogramming into hepatocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:26-32. [PMID: 28352551 PMCID: PMC5361070 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The recombinant adenoviral gene expression system is a powerful tool for gene delivery. However, it is difficult to obtain high titers of infectious virus, principally due to the toxicity of the expressed gene which affects on virus replication in the host HEK293 cells. To avoid these problems, we generated a Cre-loxP-regulated fluorescent universal vector (termed pAxCALRL). This vector produces recombinant adenoviruses that express the red fluorescent protein (RFP) instead of the inserted gene during proliferation, which limits toxicity and can be used to monitor viral replication. Expression of the gene of interest is induced by co-infection with an adenovirus that expresses Cre-recombinase (AxCANCre). Recombinant adenovirus produced by this system that express Hnf4α and Foxa2 were used to reprogram mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) into induced-hepatocyte-like cells (iHep) following several rounds of infection, demonstrating the efficacy of this new system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitose Kurihara
- Gene Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Koji Nakade
- Gene Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Jianzhi Pan
- Gene Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198, Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jing Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198, Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1, Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch Cedex 67404, France
| | - Yuichi Obata
- Gene Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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Semenchenko K, Wasylyk C, Cheung H, Tourrette Y, Maas P, Schalken JA, van der Pluijm G, Wasylyk B. XRP44X, an Inhibitor of Ras/Erk Activation of the Transcription Factor Elk3, Inhibits Tumour Growth and Metastasis in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159531. [PMID: 27427904 PMCID: PMC4948895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors have an important role in cancer but are difficult targets for the development of tumour therapies. These factors include the Ets family, and in this study Elk3 that is activated by Ras oncogene /Erk signalling, and is involved in angiogenesis, malignant progression and epithelial-mesenchymal type processes. We previously described the identification and in-vitro characterisation of an inhibitor of Ras / Erk activation of Elk3 that also affects microtubules, XRP44X. We now report an initial characterisation of the effects of XRP44X in-vivo on tumour growth and metastasis in three preclinical models mouse models, subcutaneous xenografts, intra-cardiac injection-bone metastasis and the TRAMP transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer progression. XRP44X inhibits tumour growth and metastasis, with limited toxicity. Tumours from XRP44X-treated animals have decreased expression of genes containing Elk3-like binding motifs in their promoters, Elk3 protein and phosphorylated Elk3, suggesting that perhaps XRP44X acts in part by inhibiting the activity of Elk3. Further studies are now warranted to develop XRP44X for tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostyantyn Semenchenko
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Christine Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Henry Cheung
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yves Tourrette
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Peter Maas
- SPECS, Kluyverweg 6, 2629 HT Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- * E-mail:
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Robertson ED, Wasylyk C, Ye T, Jung AC, Wasylyk B. The oncogenic MicroRNA Hsa-miR-155-5p targets the transcription factor ELK3 and links it to the hypoxia response. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113050. [PMID: 25401928 PMCID: PMC4234625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular response to hypoxia is a critical cellular process implicated in cancer, and a target for drug development. The activity of the major player, HIF1α, is regulated at different levels by various factors, including the transcription factor ELK3. The molecular mechanisms of this intimate connection remain largely unknown. Whilst investigating global ELK3-chromatin interactions, we uncovered an unexpected connection that involves the microRNA hsa-miR-155-5p, a hypoxia-inducible oncomir that targets HIF1α. One of the ELK3 chromatin binding sites, detected by Chromatin Immuno-Precipitation Sequencing (ChIP-seq) of normal Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC), is located at the transcription start site of the MIR155HG genes that expresses hsa-miR-155-5p. We confirmed that ELK3 binds to this promoter by ChIP and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). We showed that ELK3 and hsa-miR-155-5p form a double-negative regulatory loop, in that ELK3 depletion induced hsa-miR-155-5p expression and hsa-miR-155-5p expression decreased ELK3 expression at the RNA level through a conserved target sequence in its 3'-UTR. We further showed that the activities of hsa-miR-155-5p and ELK3 are functionally linked. Pathway analysis indicates that both factors are implicated in related processes, including cancer and angiogenesis. Hsa-miR-155-5p expression and ELK3 depletion have similar effects on expression of known ELK3 target genes, and on in-vitro angiogenesis and wound closure. Bioinformatic analysis of cancer RNA-seq data shows that hsa-miR-155-5p and ELK3 expression are significantly anti-correlated, as would be expected from hsa-miR-155-5p targeting ELK3 RNA. Finally, hypoxia (0% oxygen) down-regulates ELK3 mRNA in a microRNA and hsa-miR-155-5p dependent manner. These results tie ELK3 into the hypoxia response pathway through an oncogenic microRNA and into a circuit implicated in the dynamics of the hypoxic response. This crosstalk could be important for the development of new treatments for a range of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Douglas Robertson
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Christine Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Tao Ye
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Alain C. Jung
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, EA3430 de l’Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- * E-mail:
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7
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Weinl C, Wasylyk C, Garcia Garrido M, Sothilingam V, Beck SC, Riehle H, Stritt C, Roux MJ, Seeliger MW, Wasylyk B, Nordheim A. Elk3 deficiency causes transient impairment in post-natal retinal vascular development and formation of tortuous arteries in adult murine retinae. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107048. [PMID: 25203538 PMCID: PMC4159304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum Response Factor (SRF) fulfills essential roles in post-natal retinal angiogenesis and adult neovascularization. These functions have been attributed to the recruitment by SRF of the cofactors Myocardin-Related Transcription Factors MRTF-A and -B, but not the Ternary Complex Factors (TCFs) Elk1 and Elk4. The role of the third TCF, Elk3, remained unknown. We generated a new Elk3 knockout mouse line and showed that Elk3 had specific, non-redundant functions in the retinal vasculature. In Elk3(−/−) mice, post-natal retinal angiogenesis was transiently delayed until P8, after which it proceeded normally. Interestingly, tortuous arteries developed in Elk3(−/−) mice from the age of four weeks, and persisted into late adulthood. Tortuous vessels have been observed in human pathologies, e.g. in ROP and FEVR. These human disorders were linked to altered activities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the affected eyes. However, in Elk3(−/−) mice, we did not observe any changes in VEGF or several other potential confounding factors, including mural cell coverage and blood pressure. Instead, concurrent with the post-natal transient delay of radial outgrowth and the formation of adult tortuous arteries, Elk3-dependent effects on the expression of Angiopoietin/Tie-signalling components were observed. Moreover, in vitro microvessel sprouting and microtube formation from P10 and adult aortic ring explants were reduced. Collectively, these results indicate that Elk3 has distinct roles in maintaining retinal artery integrity. The Elk3 knockout mouse is presented as a new animal model to study retinal artery tortuousity in mice and human patients.
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MESH Headings
- Angiopoietins/genetics
- Angiopoietins/metabolism
- Animals
- Arteries/abnormalities
- Arteries/metabolism
- Arteries/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Joint Instability/genetics
- Joint Instability/metabolism
- Joint Instability/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/deficiency
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/genetics
- Receptors, TIE/genetics
- Receptors, TIE/metabolism
- Retina/metabolism
- Retina/pathology
- Retinal Neovascularization/genetics
- Retinal Neovascularization/metabolism
- Retinal Neovascularization/pathology
- Retinal Vessels/metabolism
- Retinal Vessels/pathology
- Serum Response Factor/genetics
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Skin Diseases, Genetic/genetics
- Skin Diseases, Genetic/metabolism
- Skin Diseases, Genetic/pathology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism
- Vascular Malformations/genetics
- Vascular Malformations/metabolism
- Vascular Malformations/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Weinl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christine Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Marina Garcia Garrido
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vithiyanjali Sothilingam
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne C. Beck
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heidemarie Riehle
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christine Stritt
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michel J. Roux
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Mathias W. Seeliger
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Alfred Nordheim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Robertson ED, Semenchenko K, Wasylyk B. Crosstalk between Mdm2, p53 and HIF1-α: distinct responses to oxygen stress and implications for tumour hypoxia. Subcell Biochem 2014; 85:199-214. [PMID: 25201196 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9211-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase Mdm2 regulates two transcription factors, p53 and HIF1α, which appear to be tailored towards different and specific roles within the cell, the DNA damage and hypoxia responses, respectively. However, evidence increasingly points towards the interplay between these factors being crucial for the regulation of cellular metabolism and survival in times of oxygen stress, which has particular relevance for tumour formation. Mdm2, p53 and HIF1α all respond to hypoxia, and intriguingly, have distinct roles depending on the level of hypoxia. The data from numerous studies across different conditions hint at the interplay between these key factors in cellular homeostasis. Here we try to weave these strands together, to create a picture of the complex tapestry of interactions that demonstrates the importance of the crosstalk between these key regulatory proteins during hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Douglas Robertson
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire IGBMC, UMR 7104 CNRS-UdS, U946 INSERM, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404, Illkirch Cedex, France
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Wasylyk B, Abecassis J, Jung AC. Identification of clinically relevant HPV-related HNSCC: In p16 should we trust? Oral Oncol 2013; 49:e33-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Jung AC, Job S, Ledrappier S, Macabre C, Abecassis J, de Reyniès A, Wasylyk B. A poor prognosis subtype of HNSCC is consistently observed across methylome, transcriptome, and miRNome analysis. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:4174-84. [PMID: 23757353 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Distant metastasis after treatment is observed in about 20% of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). In the absence of any validated robust biomarker, patients at higher risk for metastasis cannot be provided with tailored therapy. To identify prognostic HNSCC molecular subgroups and potential biomarkers, we have conducted genome-wide integrated analysis of four omic sets of data. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using state-of-the-art technologies, a core set of 45 metastasizing and 55 nonmetastasizing human papillomavirus (HPV)-unrelated HNSCC patient samples were analyzed at four different levels: gene expression (transcriptome), DNA methylation (methylome), DNA copy number (genome), and microRNA (miRNA) expression (miRNome). Molecular subgroups were identified by a model-based clustering analysis. Their clinical relevance was evaluated by survival analysis, and functional significance by pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS Patient subgroups selected by transcriptome, methylome, or miRNome integrated analysis are associated with shorter metastasis-free survival (MFS). A common subgroup, R1, selected by all three omic approaches, is statistically more significantly associated with MFS than any of the single omic-selected subgroups. R1 and non-R1 samples display similar DNA copy number landscapes, but more frequent chromosomal aberrations are observed in the R1 cluster (especially loss at 13q14.2-3). R1 tumors are characterized by alterations of pathways involved in cell-cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune response, and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Integration of data across several omic profiles leads to better selection of patients at higher risk, identification of relevant molecular pathways of metastasis, and potential to discover biomarkers and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain C Jung
- EA3430, Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, 3 Rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg, France
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Jung AC, Job S, Ledrappier S, Macabre C, Abecassis J, de Reynies A, Wasylyk B. Abstract 5126: A poor prognosis subtype of HNSCC is consistently observed acrossmethylome, transcriptome and miRNome analysis. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-5126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Distant metastasis after treatment is observed in about 20% of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). In the absence of any validated robust biomarker, patients at higher risk for metastasis cannot be provided with appropriate therapy. In order to identify prognostic HNSCC molecular subgroups and potential biomarkers, we have performed genome-wide integrated analysis of four omic sets of data.
Material and methods: Using state-of-the art technologies, a core of 45 metastasizing and 52 non-metastasizing HNSCC patient samples were analyzed at four different levels: gene expression (transcriptome), DNA methylation (methylome), DNA copy number (genome) and miRNA expression (miRNome). Molecular subgroups were identified by a model-based clustering analysis, and their clinical relevance was evaluated by survival analysis.
Results: Transcriptome, methylome and miRNome patient subgroups with shorter metastasis-free survival were identified. A contingency analysis uncovered a R1 group of common tumors, which predicts metastasis occurrence with a higher statistical power than individual omic data sets. R1 and non-R1 samples display similar DNA copy number landscapes, but more frequent chromosomal aberrations are observed in the R1 cluster (especially loss at 13q14.2-3). R1 tumors are characterized by alterations of signaling pathways involved in cell-cell adhesion, EMT, immune response and apoptosis.
Conclusions: Integration of data across several omic profiles leads to better selection of patients at risk, identification of relevant molecular pathways of metastasis, and potential to discover biomarkers and drug targets.
Citation Format: Alain C. Jung, Sylvie Job, Sonia Ledrappier, Christine Macabre, Joseph Abecassis, Aurélien de Reynies, Bohdan Wasylyk. A poor prognosis subtype of HNSCC is consistently observed acrossmethylome, transcriptome and miRNome analysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5126. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5126
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain C. Jung
- 1Ctr. Regional de Lutte Contre Le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Job
- 2Programme CIT, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Ledrappier
- 1Ctr. Regional de Lutte Contre Le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Macabre
- 1Ctr. Regional de Lutte Contre Le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Abecassis
- 1Ctr. Regional de Lutte Contre Le Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
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Brants J, Semenchenko K, Wasylyk C, Robert A, Carles A, Zambrano A, Pradeau-Aubreton K, Birck C, Schalken JA, Poch O, de Mey J, Wasylyk B. Tubulin tyrosine ligase like 12, a TTLL family member with SET- and TTL-like domains and roles in histone and tubulin modifications and mitosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51258. [PMID: 23251473 PMCID: PMC3520985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
hTTLL12 is a member of the tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL) family that is highly conserved in phylogeny. It has both SET-like and TTL-like domains, suggesting that it could have histone methylation and tubulin tyrosine ligase activities. Altered expression of hTTLL12 in human cells leads to specific changes in H4K20 trimethylation, and tubulin detyrosination, hTTLL12 does not catalyse histone methylation or tubulin tyrosination in vitro, as might be expected from the lack of critical amino acids in its SET-like and TTLL-like domains. hTTLL12 misexpression increases mitotic duration and chromosome numbers. These results suggest that hTTLL12 has non-catalytic functions related to tubulin and histone modification, which could be linked to its effects on mitosis and chromosome number stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Brants
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104 CNRS UDS - U 964 INSERM , Illkirch, France
| | - Kostyantyn Semenchenko
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104 CNRS UDS - U 964 INSERM , Illkirch, France
| | - Christine Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104 CNRS UDS - U 964 INSERM , Illkirch, France
| | - Aude Robert
- Université de Strasbourg, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg C.N.R.S. - U.M.R.7100, Equipe “Microtubules et Morphogenèse”, Parc d'Innovation, Illkirch, France
| | - Annaick Carles
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104 CNRS UDS - U 964 INSERM , Illkirch, France
| | - Alberto Zambrano
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104 CNRS UDS - U 964 INSERM , Illkirch, France
| | - Karine Pradeau-Aubreton
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104 CNRS UDS - U 964 INSERM , Illkirch, France
| | - Catherine Birck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104 CNRS UDS - U 964 INSERM , Illkirch, France
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Poch
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104 CNRS UDS - U 964 INSERM , Illkirch, France
| | - Jan de Mey
- Université de Strasbourg, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg C.N.R.S. - U.M.R.7100, Equipe “Microtubules et Morphogenèse”, Parc d'Innovation, Illkirch, France
| | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104 CNRS UDS - U 964 INSERM , Illkirch, France
- * E-mail:
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Jung AC, Guihard S, Krugell S, Ledrappier S, Brochot A, Dalstein V, Job S, de Reynies A, Noël G, Wasylyk B, Clavel C, Abecassis J. CD8-alpha T-cell infiltration in human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma correlates with improved patient prognosis. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:E26-36. [PMID: 22890882 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal tumors display improved prognosis. The biological basis of this tumor phenotype is poorly understood. We investigated whether increased lymphocyte infiltrate in HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas could account for better prognosis. We previously identified, in an Affymetrix GeneChip analysis of 83 HPV-unrelated and 11 HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, several candidate genes, including CD8α and CD3ζ. Their expression was validated in this study by qRT-PCR on an independent clinical series of 144 oropharyngeal tumors. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor specimens was performed to evaluate infiltration of tumor stroma by CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes. The prognostic value of CD8α and CD3ζ expression levels was measured by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression model analyses. Immune response-related signaling pathways were found to be deregulated in HPV-positive oropharyngeal tumors. Expression of CD8α, CD3ζ, granzyme K, CD28 and integrin αL RNAs was upregulated in HPV-positive lesions when compared with HPV-unrelated tumors (p < 0.05). Stroma of HPV-positive tumors was frequently and strongly infiltrated by CD8α- and CD3ζ-positive T cells. CD8α RNA expression correlated with both improved global (Kaplan-Meier; p = 0.005; Cox regression: p = 0.003) and disease-free (Cox regression: p = 0.04) survival. CD3ζ RNA expression correlated with improved overall survival (Cox regression: p = 0.024). These results suggest that an increased cytotoxic T-cell-based antitumor immune response is involved in improved prognosis of patients with HPV-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain C Jung
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, EA3430, Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, 3 Rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg, France.
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Guihard S, Ramolu L, Macabre C, Wasylyk B, Noël G, Abecassis J, Jung AC. The NEDD8 conjugation pathway regulates p53 transcriptional activity and head and neck cancer cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:1531-40. [PMID: 22895816 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer represents a distinct head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) subpopulation, with improved disease-free and overall survival. In general, HPV-positive HNSCCs express wild-type TP53, which could explain its increased radiosensitivity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this higher sensitivity remain elusive. We have previously shown that HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinomas express decreased levels of the NEDD8-activating enzyme 1/amyloid β precursor protein-binding protein 1 (NAE1/APP-BP1) gene. NAE1/APP-BP1 function is required for the NEDDylation of target proteins, and has been shown to be a negative regulator of p53 transcriptional activity. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that NAE1/APP-BP1 expression levels regulate p53 activity and cell survival upon ionizing irradiation. We used the radiosensitive and naturally HPV16-infected UPCI:SCC90 cell line and the radioresistant and HPV-negative SQ20B cell line as the control. NAE1/APP-BP1 expression levels were modulated with expression constructs and siRNAs. Radiosensitivity was evaluated with clonogenic survival assays. p53 transcriptional activity was measured with a luciferase assay. The overexpression of NAE1/APP-BP1 in UPCI:SCC90 cells resulted in the increased NEDDylation of p53, inhibition of p53 activity and increased cell resistance to ionizing radiation. Conversely, the inhibition of NAE1/APP-BP1 expression in SQ20B cells induced p53-dependent cell death after treatment with X-rays. Taken together, these results indicate that NAE1/APP-BP1 and NEDDylation are invovled in modulating p53 activity and regulating its role in the response of cells to ionizing radiation. Our findings bring new insights in the molecular mechanisms underlying the increased radiosensitivity of HPV-related oropharyngeal tumors. This is of importance, as no reliable and robust predictive biomarkers for tumor response to radiotherapy are currently available. These results also have potential clinical significance, as drugs targeting NAE1/APP-BP1 have recently emerged as a novel therapeutic modality in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Guihard
- EA3430, Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Paul Strauss Cancer Center, F-67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Jung A, Guihard S, Ledrappier S, Brochot A, Dalstein V, de Reynies A, Wasylyk B, Clavel C, Noel G, Abecassis J. 770 An Increased CD8+ Cytotoxic T Cell Immune Response in Human Papillomavirus-related Oropharyngeal Carcinoma Correlates With Patients' Improved Prognosis. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wasylyk B, Semenchenko K, Wasylyk C, Brants J, Jung A, Abecassis J. Abstract 4015: TTLL12: A promising therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-4015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Microtubule-targeting drugs are used for the treatment of cancer; however, they are relatively non-specific and toxic, and more specific agents need to be developed. Microtubule functional diversity is governed by posttranslational modifications, such as de-tyrosine of β-tubulin by tubulin carboxypeptidases (TCP) and re-tyrosination by TTL (tubulin tyrosine ligase). Decreased levels of de-tyrosinated tubulin and TTL are associated with increased tumour growth and poor prognosis. We have studied a protein related to TTL, Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase-Like 12 (TLL12), which we have implicated in Prostate Cancer progression and tubulin post-translational modification. Our findings open up the possibility of more specific microtubule-directed therapy, by targeting TTLL12. Links between cancer progression and TTLL12: We have shown that: • TTLL12 expression increases with prostate cancer progression and metastasis. • siRNA knockdown of endogenous TTLL12 inhibits growth of Prostate Cancer cell lines. • TTLL12 overexpression increases the number of chromosomes in karyotypically normal HCT116 cells. • The levels of TTLL12 and de-tyrosinated tubulin are higher in metastatic than normal cells. • TTLL12 is localised on de-tyrosinated tubulin filaments in cells. • TTLL12 overexpression result in resistance to traditional tubulin-targeting drugs. • TTLL12 knockout mice are cancer prone. Conclusion & Perspectives Our studies link TTLL12 to cancer progression in various ways: • TTLL12 expression increases with Prostate Cancer progression, suggesting that TTLL12 might be involved in the development of the disease. • TTLL12 overexpression affects mitosis, which is a potential link to its effects on DNA ploidy. Altered DNA ploidy is associated with cancer progression. • TTLL12 may affect cell division and mitosis through co-localisation with structures that contain tubulin. • TLL12 overexpression leads to increased tubulin de-tyrosination. Decreased tubulin tyrosination levels favour cell survival and growth, suggesting that TTLL12 may give a selective advantage to cells during cancer development by this mechanism. • TTLL12 renders cells less sensitive to tubulin-targeting drug. TTLL12 expression could be investigated as a marker for tubulin-targeted drug sensitivity and could be used to uncover mechanisms of drug response. TTL has been linked to cancer previously, and now the additional link between TTLL12 and Prostate Cancer indicates that other TTLL-family members may also be involved in cancer. Future studies of TTLL12 will be aimed at the elucidation of its mechanisms of action, its further validation as a therapeutic target and as a tumour marker, and its use to identify therapeutic molecules in high throughput screens. Acknowledgements We would like to thank for financial support the CNRS, INSERM, UdS, Procure, Prima, Cancure, ProNest FP7 ITN, INCa, Ligue Régionale contre le Cancer (CCIR-GE nO 116BL.201O).
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4015. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4015
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alain Jung
- 2Cancer Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
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Wasylyk C, Zambrano A, Zhao C, Brants J, Abecassis J, Schalken JA, Rogatsch H, Schaefer G, Pycha A, Klocker H, Wasylyk B. Tubulin tyrosine ligase like 12 links to prostate cancer through tubulin posttranslational modification and chromosome ploidy. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:2542-53. [PMID: 20162578 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common cause of death, and an important goal is to establish the pathways and functions of causative genes. We isolated RNAs that are differentially expressed in macrodissected prostate cancer samples. This study focused on 1 identified gene, TTLL12, which was predicted to modify tubulins, an established target for tumor therapy. TTLL12 is the most poorly characterized member of a recently discovered 14-member family of proteins that catalyze posttranslational modification of tubulins. We show that human TTLL12 is expressed in the proliferating layer of benign prostate. Expression increases during cancer progression to metastasis. It is highly expressed in many metastatic prostate cancer cell lines. It partially colocalizes with vimentin intermediate filaments and cellular structures containing tubulin, including midbodies, centrosomes, intercellular bridges and the mitotic spindle. Downregulation of TTLL12 affects several posttranslational modifications of tubulin (detyrosination and subsequent deglutamylation and polyglutamylation). Overexpression alters chromosomal ploidy. These results raise the possibility that TTLL12 could contribute to tumorigenesis through effects on the cytoskeleton, tubulin modification and chromosome number stability. This study contributes a step toward developing more selective agents targeting microtubules, an already successful target for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104 CNRS UDS-U 964 INSERM, Illkirch, France
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Costello P, Nicolas R, Willoughby J, Wasylyk B, Nordheim A, Treisman R. Ternary Complex Factors SAP-1 and Elk-1, but Not Net, Are Functionally Equivalent in Thymocyte Development. J I 2010; 185:1082-92. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Nakade K, Wasylyk B, Yokoyama KK. Epigenetic regulation of p16Ink4a and Arf by JDP2 in cellular senescence. Biomol Concepts 2010; 1:49-58. [PMID: 25961985 DOI: 10.1515/bmc.2010.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to accumulating cellular stress, cells protect themselves from abnormal growth by entering the senescent stage. Senescence is controlled mainly by gene products from the p16Ink4a/Arf locus. In mouse cells, the expression of p16Ink4a and Arf increases continuously during proliferation in cell culture. Transcription from the locus is under complex control. p16Ink4a and Arf respond independently to positive and negative signals, and the entire locus is epigenetically suppressed by histone methylation that depends on the Polycomb repressive complex-1 and -2 (PRC1 and PRC2). In fact, the PRCs associate with the p16Ink4a/Arf locus in young proliferating cells and dissociate in aged senescent cells. Thus, it seems that chromatin-remodeling factors that regulate association and dissociation of PRCs might be important players in the senescence program. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms that mediate cellular aging and introduce the Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2) as a factor that regulates replicative senescence by mediating dissociation of PRCs from the p16Ink4a/Arf locus.
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Serchov T, Dubois-Pot-Schneider H, Charlot C, Rösl F, Wasylyk B. Involvement of net and Hif1alpha in distinct yet intricately linked hypoxia-induced signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:21223-32. [PMID: 20427288 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.121723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study compares negative Ets transcription factor (Net) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) regulation by hypoxia. Their protein stabilities are differently regulated by hypoxia, defining three periods in the kinetics: normoxia (high Net levels and low HIF1alpha levels), early hypoxia (high levels of Net and HIF1alpha), and late hypoxia (degradation of Net and HIF1alpha). Modulators of prolyl hydroxylase domain protein (PHD) activity induce a mobility shift of Net, similar to HIF1alpha, suggesting that post-translational modifications of both factors depend on PHD activity. The three PHDs have different roles in the regulation of Net protein levels; PHD1 and PHD3 are involved in the stabilization of Net, whereas PHD2 controls its degradation in late hypoxia. Net physically interacts with PHD2 in hypoxia, whereas PHD1 and PHD3 bind to Net in normoxia and hypoxia. Under the same conditions, PHD2 and PHD3 regulate both HIF1alpha stabilization in early hypoxia and its degradation at late hypoxia, whereas PHD1 is involved in HIF1alpha degradation in late hypoxia. We describe interconnections between the regulation of both Net and HIF1alpha at the protein level. Evidence is provided for a direct physical interaction between Net and HIF1alpha and indirect transcriptional regulation loops that involve the PHDs. Taken together our results indicate that Net and HIF1alpha are components of distinct signaling pathways that are intricately linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetan Serchov
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7104 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg-U, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, Graffenstaden, France
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Hacke K, Rincon-Orozco B, Buchwalter G, Siehler SY, Wasylyk B, Wiesmüller L, Rösl F. Regulation of MCP-1 chemokine transcription by p53. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:82. [PMID: 20406462 PMCID: PMC2864217 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies showed that the expression of the monocyte-chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, a chemokine, which triggers the infiltration and activation of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, is abrogated in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive premalignant and malignant cells. In silico analysis of the MCP-1 upstream region proposed a putative p53 binding side about 2.5 kb upstream of the transcriptional start. The aim of this study is to monitor a physiological role of p53 in this process. RESULTS The proposed p53 binding side could be confirmed in vitro by electrophoretic-mobility-shift assays and in vivo by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Moreover, the availability of p53 is apparently important for chemokine regulation, since TNF-alpha can induce MCP-1 only in human keratinocytes expressing the viral oncoprotein E7, but not in HPV16 E6 positive cells, where p53 becomes degraded. A general physiological role of p53 in MCP-1 regulation was further substantiated in HPV-negative cells harboring a temperature-sensitive mutant of p53 and in Li-Fraumeni cells, carrying a germ-line mutation of p53. In both cases, non-functional p53 leads to diminished MCP-1 transcription upon TNF-alpha treatment. In addition, siRNA directed against p53 decreased MCP-1 transcription after TNF-alpha addition, directly confirming a crosstalk between p53 and MCP-1. CONCLUSION These data support the concept that p53 inactivation during carcinogenesis also affects immune surveillance by interfering with chemokine expression and in turn communication with cells of the immunological compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Hacke
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Forschungsschwerpunkt Infektion und Krebs, Abteilung Virale Transformationsmechanismen, Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Jung AC, Briolat J, Millon R, de Reyniès A, Rickman D, Thomas E, Abecassis J, Clavel C, Wasylyk B. Biological and clinical relevance of transcriptionally active human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:1882-1894. [PMID: 19795456 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), particularly HPV16. This study analyzed the presence and genotype of high risk HPVs, viral DNA load and transcription of the E6/E7 mRNAs, in 231 consecutive HNSCC. Twelve out of 30 HPV16 DNA-positive tumors displayed high E6/E7 mRNAs levels and were localized in the oropharyngeal region. While HPV-free and non-transcriptionally active HPV-related patients showed similar 5-years survival rates, E6/E7 expression was associated with a better prognosis. This emphasizes the importance of considering the transcriptional status of HPV-positive tumors for patient stratification. A gene expression profiling analysis of these different types of tumors was carried out. The most significant differentially expressed gene was CDKN2A, a known biomarker for HPV-related cancer. Assessing both the expression level of the E6/E7 mRNAs and of CDKN2A in HNSCC is required to detect active HPV infection. Chromosomic alterations were investigated by Comparative Genomic Hybridation (CGH) analysis of tumors with transcriptionally active HPV and HPV-negative tumors. The loss of the chromosomal region 16q was found to be a major genetic event in HPV-positive lesions. A cluster of genes located in 16q21-24 displayed decreased expression levels, notably APP-BP1 that is involved in the modulation of the transcriptional activity of p53. In conclusion, this study highlights important criteria required to predict clinically active HPV infection, identifies new biological pathways implicated in HPV tumorigenesis and increases the understanding of HPV-HNSCC physiopathology that is required to develop new targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain C Jung
- Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, 3 Rue de la porte de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Jenny Briolat
- INSERM UMRS 903, Laboratoire Pol Bouin, IFR 53, CHU Maison Blanche, 45 Rue Cognacq- Jay, Reims, France
| | - Régine Millon
- Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, 3 Rue de la porte de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Programme Carte d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 14 Rue Corvisart, Paris, France
| | - David Rickman
- Programme Carte d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 14 Rue Corvisart, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Thomas
- Programme Carte d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 14 Rue Corvisart, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Abecassis
- Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, 3 Rue de la porte de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Christine Clavel
- INSERM UMRS 903, Laboratoire Pol Bouin, IFR 53, CHU Maison Blanche, 45 Rue Cognacq- Jay, Reims, France
| | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- IGBMC, UMR 7104 CNRS UDS-U 964 INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
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23
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Kerr N, Pintzas A, Holmes F, Hobson SA, Pope R, Wallace M, Wasylyk C, Wasylyk B, Wynick D. The expression of ELK transcription factors in adult DRG: Novel isoforms, antisense transcripts and upregulation by nerve damage. Mol Cell Neurosci 2010; 44:165-77. [PMID: 20304071 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ELK transcription factors are known to be expressed in a number of regions in the nervous system. We show by RT-PCR that the previously described Elk1, Elk3/Elk3b/Elk3c and Elk4 mRNAs are expressed in adult dorsal root ganglia (DRG), together with the novel alternatively spliced isoforms Elk1b, Elk3d and Elk4c/Elk4d/Elk4e. These isoforms are also expressed in brain, heart, kidney and testis. In contrast to Elk3 protein, the novel Elk3d isoform is cytoplasmic, fails to bind ETS binding sites and yet can activate transcription by an indirect mechanism. The Elk3 and Elk4 genes are overlapped by co-expressed Pctk2 (Cdk17) and Mfsd4 genes, respectively, with the potential formation of Elk3/Pctaire2 and Elk4/Mfsd4 sense-antisense mRNA heteroduplexes. After peripheral nerve injury the Elk3 mRNA isoforms are each upregulated approximately 2.3-fold in DRG (P<0.005), whereas the natural antisense Pctaire2 isoforms show only a small increase (21%, P<0.01) and Elk1 and Elk4 mRNAs are unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall Kerr
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS81TD, UK
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24
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Charlot C, Dubois-Pot H, Serchov T, Tourrette Y, Wasylyk B. A review of post-translational modifications and subcellular localization of Ets transcription factors: possible connection with cancer and involvement in the hypoxic response. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 647:3-30. [PMID: 20694658 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-738-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications and subcellular localizations modulate transcription factors, generating a code that is deciphered into an activity. We describe our current understanding of these processes for Ets factors, which have recently been recognized for their importance in various biological processes. We present the global picture for the family, and then focus on particular aspects related to cancer and hypoxia. The analysis of Post-translational modification and cellular localization is only beginning to enter the age of "omic," high content, systems biology. Our snap-shots of particularly active fields point to the directions in which new techniques will be needed, in our search for a more complete description of regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Charlot
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute de Genetique et de Biologie, Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Lille, France
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25
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Nakade K, Pan J, Yamasaki T, Murata T, Wasylyk B, Yokoyama KK. JDP2 (Jun dimerization protein 2)-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts are resistant to replicative senescence. J Biol Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.a808333200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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26
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Balamotis MA, Pennella MA, Stevens JL, Wasylyk B, Belmont AS, Berk AJ. Complexity in transcription control at the activation domain-mediator interface. Sci Signal 2009; 2:ra20. [PMID: 19417216 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.1164302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Transcript elongation by polymerase II paused at the Egr1 promoter is activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation of the ternary complex factor (TCF) ELK1 bound at multiple upstream sites and subsequent phospho-ELK1 interaction with mediator through the MED23 subunit. Consequently, Med23 knockout (KO) nearly eliminates Egr1 (early growth response factor 1) transcription in embryonic stem (ES) cells, leaving a paused polymerase at the promoter. Med23 KO did not, however, eliminate Egr1 transcription in fibroblasts. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis and direct visualization of fluorescently labeled TCF derivatives and mediator subunits revealed that three closely related TCFs bound to the same control regions. The relative amounts of these TCFs, which responded differently to the loss of MED23, differed in ES cells and fibroblasts. Transcriptome analysis suggests that most genes expressed in both cell types, such as Egr1, are regulated by alternative transcription factors in the two cell types that respond differently to the same signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Balamotis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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27
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Ganguli-Indra G, Wasylyk C, Liang X, Millon R, Leid M, Wasylyk B, Abecassis J, Indra A. CTIP2 expression in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is linked to poorly differentiated tumor status. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5367. [PMID: 19399189 PMCID: PMC2671404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have demonstrated earlier that CTIP2 is highly expressed in mouse skin during embryogenesis and in adulthood. CTIP2 mutant mice die at birth with epidermal differentiation defects and a compromised epidermal permeability barrier suggesting its role in skin development and/or homeostasis. CTIP2 has also been suggested to function as tumor suppressor in cells, and several reports have described a link between chromosomal rearrangements of CTIP2 and human T cell acute lymphoblast leukemia (T-ALL). The aim of the present study was to look into the pattern of CTIP2 expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, we analyzed CTIP2 expression in human HNSCC cell lines by western blotting, in paraffin embedded archival specimens by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and in cDNA samples of human HNSCC by qRT-PCR. Elevated levels of CTIP2 protein was detected in several HNSCC cell lines. CTIP2 staining was mainly detected in the basal layer of the head and neck normal epithelium. CTIP2 expression was found to be significantly elevated in HNSCC (p<0.01), and increase in CTIP2 expression was associated with poorly differentiated tumor status. Nuclear co-localization of CTIP2 protein and cancer stem cell (CSC) marker BMI1 was observed in most, if not all of the cells expressing BMI1 in moderately and poorly differentiated tumors. Conclusions/Significance We report for the first time expression of transcriptional regulator CTIP2 in normal human head and neck epithelia. A statistically significant increase in the expression of CTIP2 was detected in the poorly differentiated samples of the human head and neck tumors. Actual CTIP2, rather than the long form of CTIP2 (CTIP2L) was found to be more relevant to the differentiation state of the tumors. Results demonstrated existence of distinct subsets of cancer cells, which express CTIP2 and underscores the use of CTIP2 and BMI1 co-labeling to distinguish tumor initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs) from surrounding cancer cells.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Primers/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GGI); (AI)
| | - Christine Wasylyk
- IGBMC, Inserm U596 and CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xiaobo Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | | | - Mark Leid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- IGBMC, Inserm U596 and CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Arup Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GGI); (AI)
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28
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Nakade K, Pan J, Yamasaki T, Murata T, Wasylyk B, Yokoyama KK. JDP2 (Jun Dimerization Protein 2)-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts are resistant to replicative senescence. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:10808-17. [PMID: 19233846 PMCID: PMC2667768 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808333200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
JDP2 (Jun dimerization protein 2, an AP-1 transcription factor) is involved in the regulation of the differentiation and proliferation of cells. We report here that JDP2-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (Jdp2(-/-) MEF) are resistant to replicative senescence. In the absence of JDP2, the level of expression of p16(Ink4a), which is known to rise as normal fibroblasts age, fell significantly when cells were cultured for more than 2 months. Conversely, the overexpression of JDP2 induced the expression of genes for p16(Ink4a) and p19(Arf). Moreover, at the promoter of the gene for p16(Ink4a) in Jdp2(-/-) MEF, the extent of methylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27), which is important for gene silencing, increased. Polycomb-repressive complexes (PRC-1 and PRC-2), which are responsible for histone methylation, bound efficiently to the promoter to repress the expression of the gene for p16(Ink4a). As a result, JDP2-deficient MEF became resistant to replicative senescence. Our results indicate that JDP2 is involved in the signaling pathway for senescence via epigenetic regulation of the expression of the gene for p16(Ink4a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nakade
- Gene Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan.
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29
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Rickman DS, Millon R, De Reynies A, Thomas E, Wasylyk C, Muller D, Abecassis J, Wasylyk B. Prediction of future metastasis and molecular characterization of head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma based on transcriptome and genome analysis by microarrays. Oncogene 2008; 27:6607-22. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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30
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Wasylyk C, Zheng H, Castell C, Debussche L, Multon MC, Wasylyk B. Inhibition of the Ras-Net (Elk-3) pathway by a novel pyrazole that affects microtubules. Cancer Res 2008; 68:1275-83. [PMID: 18316589 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Net (Elk-3/SAP-2/Erp) is a transcription factor that is phosphorylated and activated by the Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) signaling pathway and is involved in wound healing, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. In a cell-based screen for small molecule inhibitors of Ras activation of Net transcriptional activity, we identified a novel pyrazole, XRP44X. XRP44X inhibits fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2)-induced Net phosphorylation by the Ras-Erk signaling upstream from Ras. It also binds to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin, depolymerizes microtubules, stimulates cell membrane blebbing, and affects the morphology of the actin skeleton. Interestingly, Combretastin-A4, which produces similar effects on the cytoskeleton, also inhibits FGF-2 Ras-Net signaling. This differs from other classes of agents that target microtubules, which have either little effect (vincristine) or no effect (docetaxel and nocodazole) on the Ras-Net pathway. XRP44X inhibits various cellular properties, including cell growth, cell cycle progression, and aortal sprouting, similar to other molecules that bind to the tubulin colchicine site. XRP44X has the potentially interesting property of connecting two important pathways involved in cell transformation and may thereby represent an interesting class of molecules that could be developed for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale/Université Louis Pasteur, Illkirch Cedex, France.
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31
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Hebben M, Brants J, Birck C, Samama JP, Wasylyk B, Spehner D, Pradeau K, Domi A, Moss B, Schultz P, Drillien R. High level protein expression in mammalian cells using a safe viral vector: Modified vaccinia virus Ankara. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 56:269-78. [PMID: 17892951 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaccinia virus vectors are attractive tools to direct high level protein synthesis in mammalian cells. In one of the most efficient strategies developed so far, the gene to be expressed is positioned downstream of a bacteriophage T7 promoter within the vaccinia genome and transcribed by the T7 RNA polymerase, also encoded by the vaccinia virus genome. Tight regulation of transcription and efficient translation are ensured by control elements of the Escherichia coli lactose operon and the encephalomyocarditis virus leader sequence, respectively. We have integrated such a stringently controlled expression system, previously used successfully in a standard vaccinia virus backbone, into the modified vaccinia virus Ankara strain (MVA). In this manner, proteins of interest can be produced in mammalian cells under standard laboratory conditions because of the inherent safety of the MVA strain. Using this system for expression of beta-galactosidase, about 15 mg protein could be produced from 10(8) BHK21 cells over a 24-h period, a value 4-fold higher than the amount produced from an identical expression system based on a standard vaccinia virus strain. In another application, we employed the MVA vector to produce human tubulin tyrosine ligase and demonstrate that this protein becomes a major cellular protein upon induction conditions and displays its characteristic enzymatic activity. The MVA vector should prove useful for many other applications in which mammalian cells are required for protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hebben
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U596/CNRS-UMR7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
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32
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Gross C, Dubois-Pot H, Wasylyk B. The ternary complex factor Net/Elk-3 participates in the transcriptional response to hypoxia and regulates HIF-1 alpha. Oncogene 2007; 27:1333-41. [PMID: 17704799 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ternary complex factor Net/Elk3 is downregulated in hypoxia and participates in the induction by hypoxia of several genes, including c-fos, vascular endothelial growth factor and egr-1. However, the global role of Net in hypoxia remains to be elucidated. We have identified, in a large-scale analysis of RNA expression using microarrays, more than 370 genes that are regulated by Net in hypoxia. In order to gain insights into the role of Net in hypoxia, we have analysed in parallel the genes regulated by HIF-1alpha, the classical factor involved in the response to hypoxia. We identified about 190 genes that are regulated by HIF-1alpha in hypoxia. Surprisingly, when we compare the genes induced by hypoxia that require either Net or HIF-1alpha, the majority are the same (75%), suggesting that the functions of both factors are closely linked. Interestingly, in hypoxia, Net regulates the expression of several genes known to control HIF-1alpha stability, including PHD2, PHD3 and Siah2, suggesting that Net regulates the stability of HIF-1alpha. We found that inhibition of Net by RNAi leads to decreased HIF-1alpha expression at the protein level in hypoxia. These results indicate that Net participates in the transcriptional response to hypoxia by regulation of HIF-1alpha protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gross
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Illkirch Cedex, France
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33
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Gross C, Buchwalter G, Dubois-Pot H, Cler E, Zheng H, Wasylyk B. The ternary complex factor net is downregulated by hypoxia and regulates hypoxia-responsive genes. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:4133-41. [PMID: 17403894 PMCID: PMC1900010 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01867-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and the Net ternary complex factor (TCF) regulate similar processes (angiogenesis, wound healing, and cellular migration) and genes (PAI-1, c-fos, erg-1, NOS-2, HO-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor genes), suggesting that they are involved in related pathways. We show here that hypoxia regulates Net differently from the other TCFs and that Net plays a role in the hypoxic response in vivo in mice and in cells. Hypoxia induces Net depletion from target promoters, nuclear export, ubiquitylation, and proteasomal degradation. Key mediators of the hypoxic response, the prolyl-4-hydroxylases containing domain proteins (PHDs), regulate Net. PHD downregulation in normoxia leads to Net degradation, and PHD overexpression delays Net downregulation by hypoxia. Net inhibition by RNA interference or mutation leads to altered regulation by hypoxia of the Net targets PAI-1, c-fos, and egr-1. We propose that hypoxia stimulates transcription of target promoters through removal of the repressor function of Net. Interestingly, the hematocrit response to a chemical inducer of hypoxia-like responses (cobalt chloride) is strongly altered in Net mutant mice. Our results show that the Net TCF is part of the biological response to hypoxia, adding a new component to an important pathological and physiological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gross
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, Illkirch cedex 67404, France
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34
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Wicker N, Carles A, Mills IG, Wolf M, Veerakumarasivam A, Edgren H, Boileau F, Wasylyk B, Schalken JA, Neal DE, Kallioniemi O, Poch O. A new look towards BAC-based array CGH through a comprehensive comparison with oligo-based array CGH. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:84. [PMID: 17394638 PMCID: PMC1852311 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, two main technologies are used for screening of DNA copy number; the BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) and the recently developed oligonucleotide-based CGH (Chromosomal Comparative Genomic Hybridization) arrays which are capable of detecting small genomic regions with amplification or deletion. The correlation as well as the discriminative power of these platforms has never been compared statistically on a significant set of human patient samples. RESULTS In this paper, we present an exhaustive comparison between the two CGH platforms, undertaken at two independent sites using the same batch of DNA from 19 advanced prostate cancers. The comparison was performed directly on the raw data and a significant correlation was found between the two platforms. The correlation was greatly improved when the data were averaged over large chromosomic regions using a segmentation algorithm. In addition, this analysis has enabled the development of a statistical model to discriminate BAC outliers that might indicate microevents. These microevents were validated by the oligo platform results. CONCLUSION This article presents a genome-wide statistical validation of the oligo array platform on a large set of patient samples and demonstrates statistically its superiority over the BAC platform for the Identification of chromosomic events. Taking advantage of a large set of human samples treated by the two technologies, a statistical model has been developed to show that the BAC platform could also detect microevents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Wicker
- Laboratoire de Bioinformatique et de Génomique lntégratives, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire,1, rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch CEDEX, France
| | - Annaïck Carles
- Laboratoire de Bioinformatique et de Génomique lntégratives, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire,1, rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch CEDEX, France
- Human Pathology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire,1, rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch CEDEX, France
| | - Ian G Mills
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Maija Wolf
- Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Abhi Veerakumarasivam
- Cancer Research UK Uro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Cancer Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, England, UK
| | - Henrik Edgren
- Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Fabrice Boileau
- Laboratoire de Bioinformatique et de Génomique lntégratives, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire,1, rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch CEDEX, France
| | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- Department of Urology (G4-105.1), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology (G4-105.1), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David E Neal
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Olivier Poch
- Laboratoire de Bioinformatique et de Génomique lntégratives, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire,1, rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch CEDEX, France
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35
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Kogan I, Goldfinger N, Milyavsky M, Cohen M, Shats I, Dobler G, Klocker H, Wasylyk B, Voller M, Aalders T, Schalken JA, Oren M, Rotter V. hTERT-immortalized prostate epithelial and stromal-derived cells: an authentic in vitro model for differentiation and carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2006; 66:3531-40. [PMID: 16585177 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer in men, and there is no available cure for patients with advanced disease. In vitro model systems are urgently required to permit the study of human prostate cell differentiation and malignant transformation. Unfortunately, human prostate cells are particularly difficult to convert into continuously growing cultures. We report here the successful immortalization without viral oncogenes of prostate epithelial cells and, for the first time, prostate stromal cells. These cells exhibit a significant pattern of authentic prostate-specific features. In particular, the epithelial cell culture is able to differentiate into glandular buds that closely resemble the structures formed by primary prostate epithelial cells. The stromal cells have typical characteristics of prostate smooth muscle cells. These immortalized cultures may serve as a unique experimental platform to permit several research directions, including the study of cell-cell interactions in an authentic prostate microenvironment, prostate cell differentiation, and most significantly, the complex multistep process leading to prostate cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Kogan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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36
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Muller D, Millon R, Théobald S, Hussenet T, Wasylyk B, du Manoir S, Abecassis J. Cyclin L1 (CCNL1) gene alterations in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:1041-4. [PMID: 16598186 PMCID: PMC2361229 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the expression and amplification of cyclin L1 (CCNL1) gene, a potential oncogene localised in the commonly amplified 3q25-28 region, in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Overexpression was observed in 55 out of 96 cases (57%) and amplification in nine out of 35 tumours (26%) with no relationships to the clinico-pathological parameters. The Cyclin L1 antibody we developed labels nuclear speckles in tumour cells compatible with a role for CCNL1 in RNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Muller
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Centre de lutte contre le cancer Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, 67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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37
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Carles A, Millon R, Cromer A, Ganguli G, Lemaire F, Young J, Wasylyk C, Muller D, Schultz I, Rabouel Y, Dembélé D, Zhao C, Marchal P, Ducray C, Bracco L, Abecassis J, Poch O, Wasylyk B. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma transcriptome analysis by comprehensive validated differential display. Oncogene 2006; 25:1821-31. [PMID: 16261155 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is common worldwide and is associated with a poor rate of survival. Identification of new markers and therapeutic targets, and understanding the complex transformation process, will require a comprehensive description of genome expression, that can only be achieved by combining different methodologies. We report here the HNSCC transcriptome that was determined by exhaustive differential display (DD) analysis coupled with validation by different methods on the same patient samples. The resulting 820 nonredundant sequences were analysed by high throughput bioinformatics analysis. Human proteins were identified for 73% (596) of the DD sequences. A large proportion (>50%) of the remaining unassigned sequences match ESTs (expressed sequence tags) from human tumours. For the functionally annotated proteins, there is significant enrichment for relevant biological processes, including cell motility, protein biosynthesis, stress and immune responses, cell death, cell cycle, cell proliferation and/or maintenance and transport. Three of the novel proteins (TMEM16A, PHLDB2 and ARHGAP21) were analysed further to show that they have the potential to be developed as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carles
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
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38
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Abstract
Net, Elk-1, and Sap-1 are members of the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily of Ets transcription factors. They form ternary complexes with serum response factor (SRF) on serum response elements of immediate early genes such as c-fos and egr-1 and mediate responses to growth factors and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Although the TCFs have been extensively studied as intermediates in signaling cascades, surprisingly little is known about their different target genes and physiological functions. We report that Net homozygous mutant mouse embryonic fibroblasts have a defect in cell migration. This defect results at least in part from increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that controls extracellular proteolysis and cell matrix adhesion. The defect in cell migration can be reverted by the addition of a PAI-1 blocking antibody. Net represses PAI-1 promoter activity and binds to a specific region of the promoter containing Ets binding sites in the absence of SRF. We conclude that Net is a negative regulator of PAI-1 expression and is thereby involved in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Buchwalter
- Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, ULP, Illkirch, France
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39
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Seghatoleslam A, Zambrano A, Millon R, Ganguli G, Argentini M, Cromer A, Abecassis J, Wasylyk B. Analysis of a novel human gene, LOC92912, over-expressed in hypopharyngeal tumours. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 339:422-9. [PMID: 16300736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have identified by differential display a number of novel genes that are expressed in hypopharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We report here the characterisation of one of these novel human genes, LOC92912, that encodes a protein of 375 amino acids. The protein contains a RWD domain, a coiled-coil, and an E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme domain. LOC92912 is upregulated in about 85% of tumour samples. It is expressed in tumour masses and in invasive epithelium, and is located in the cytoplasm of cells. To gain insights into its functions, we identified potential interacting partners by immunoaffinity purification of the flag tagged protein followed by MALDI peptide mass fingerprinting mass spectrometry. Actin and six actin-binding proteins were unambiguously identified as potential interacting partners, suggesting that LOC92912's functions may be linked with the cytoskeleton. This novel human gene may represent a new target for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Seghatoleslam
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, Illkirch Cedex, Strasbourg 67404, France
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Wasylyk C, Criqui-Filipe P, Wasylyk B. Sumoylation of the net inhibitory domain (NID) is stimulated by PIAS1 and has a negative effect on the transcriptional activity of Net. Oncogene 2005; 24:820-8. [PMID: 15580297 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Net (Elk-3, Sap-2, Erp) and the related ternary complex factors Elk-1 and Sap-1 are effectors of multiple signalling pathways at the transcriptional level and play a key role in the dynamic regulation of gene expression. Net is distinct from Elk-1 and Sap-1, in that it is a strong repressor of transcription that is converted to an activator by the Ras/Erk signalling pathway. Two autonomous repression domains of Net, the NID and the CID, mediate repression. We have previously shown that the co-repressor CtBP is implicated in repression by the CID. In this report we show that repression by the NID involves a different pathway, sumoylation by Ubc9 and PIAS1. PIAS1 interacts with the NID in the two-hybrid assay and in vitro. Ubc9 and PIAS1 stimulate sumoylation in vivo of lysine 162 in the NID. Sumoylation of lysine 162 increases repression by Net and decreases the positive activity of Net. These results increase our understanding of how one of the ternary complex factors regulates transcription, and contribute to the understanding of how different domains of a transcription factor participate in the complexity of regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wasylyk
- Human Pathology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
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41
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van Riggelen J, Buchwalter G, Soto U, De-Castro Arce J, zur Hausen H, Wasylyk B, Rösl F. Loss of Net as Repressor Leads to Constitutive Increased c-fos Transcription in Cervical Cancer Cells. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:3286-94. [PMID: 15548518 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409915200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the expression of c-fos in cervical carcinoma cells and in somatic cell hybrids derived therefrom. In malignant cells, c-fos was constitutively expressed even after serum starvation. Dissection of the c-fos promoter showed that expression was mainly controlled by the SRE motif, which was active in malignant cells, but repressed in their non-malignant counterparts. Constitutive SRE activity was not mediated by sustained mitogen-activated protein kinase activity but because of inefficient expression of the ternary complex factor Net, which was either very low or even barely discernible. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Net directly binds to the SRE nucleoprotein complex in non-tumorigenic cells, but not in malignant segregants. Small interfering RNA targeted against Net resulted in enhanced c-fos transcription, clearly illustrating its repressor function. Conversely, stable ectopic expression of Net in malignant cells negatively regulated endogenous c-fos, resulting in a disappearance of the c-Fos protein from the AP-1 transcription complex. These data indicate that loss of Net and constitutive c-fos expression appear to be a key event in the transformation of cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan van Riggelen
- Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Lemaire F, Millon R, Muller D, Rabouel Y, Bracco L, Abecassis J, Wasylyk B. Loss of HOP tumour suppressor expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2004; 91:258-61. [PMID: 15213722 PMCID: PMC2409811 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We report that homeodomain-only protein (HOP) is expressed in the suprabasal layer of normal upper aerodigestive tract epithelium and expression strongly decreases in hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Interestingly, HOP has very recently been shown to be a tumour suppressor involved in differentiation, suggesting that HOP may have a similar role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lemaire
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
| | - R Millon
- UPRES EA 34-30, Centre Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - D Muller
- UPRES EA 34-30, Centre Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - Y Rabouel
- UPRES EA 34-30, Centre Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - L Bracco
- Exonhit Therapeutics S.A., 65 Boulevard Masséna, Paris F-75013, France
| | - J Abecassis
- UPRES EA 34-30, Centre Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - B Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France. E-mail:
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43
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Sengupta S, Wasylyk B. Physiological and pathological consequences of the interactions of the p53 tumor suppressor with the glucocorticoid, androgen, and estrogen receptors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1024:54-71. [PMID: 15265773 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1321.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor plays a key role in protection from the effects of different physiological stresses (DNA damage, hypoxia, transcriptional defects, etc.), and loss of its activity has dire consequences, such as cancer. Its activity is finely tuned through interactions with other important regulatory circuits in the cell. Recently, striking evidence has emerged for crosstalk with another class of important regulators, the steroid hormone receptors, and in particular the glucocorticoid (GR), androgen (AR), and estrogen (ER) receptors. These receptors are important in maintaining homeostasis in response to internal and external stresses (GR) and in the development, growth, and maintenance of the male and female reproductive systems (AR and ER, respectively). We review how p53 interacts closely with these receptors, to the extent that they share the same E3 ubiquitin ligase, the MDM2 oncoprotein. We discuss the different physiological contexts in which such interactions occur, and also how these interactions have been undermined in various pathological situations. We will describe future areas for research, with special emphasis on GR, and how certain common features, such as cytoplasmic anchoring of p53 by the receptors, may become targets for the development of therapeutic interventions. Given the importance of GR in inflammation, erythropoiesis, and autoimmune diseases, and the importance of AR and ER in prostate and breast cancer (respectively), the studies on p53 interactions with the steroid receptors will be an important domain in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Sengupta
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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44
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Cromer A, Carles A, Millon R, Ganguli G, Chalmel F, Lemaire F, Young J, Dembélé D, Thibault C, Muller D, Poch O, Abecassis J, Wasylyk B. Identification of genes associated with tumorigenesis and metastatic potential of hypopharyngeal cancer by microarray analysis. Oncogene 2004; 23:2484-98. [PMID: 14676830 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer among men in the developed world. There is a need, for both clinical and scientific reasons, to find markers to identify patients with aggressive disease as early as possible, and to understand the events leading to malignant transformation and susceptibility to metastasis. We report the first large-scale gene expression analysis of a unique HNSCC location, the hypopharynx. Four normal and 34 tumour samples were analysed with 12 600 gene microarrays. Clusters of differentially expressed genes were identified in the chromosomal regions 3q27.3, 17q21.2-q21.31, 7q11.22-q22.1 and 11q13.1-q13.3, which, interestingly, have already been identified by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) as major regions of gene amplification. We showed that six overexpressed genes (EIF4G1, DVL3, EPHB4, MCM7, BRMS1 and SART1) located in these regions are indeed amplified. We report 119 genes that are highly differentially expressed between 'early' tumours and normal samples. Of these, we validated by quantitative PCR six novel poorly characterized genes. These genes are potential new markers of HNSCC. Comparing patients with relatively nonaggressive and aggressive tumours (without or with clinical evidence of metastasis 3 years after surgery), we identified 164 differentially expressed genes potentially involved in the acquisition of metastatic potential. This study contributes to the understanding of HNSCC, staging patients into prognostic groups and identifying high-risk patients who may benefit from more aggressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cromer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
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45
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Abstract
The three ternary complex factors (TCFs) Elk-1, Net and Sap-1 form a subfamily of the E twenty-six (Ets) domain transcription factors. Their characteristic property is the ability to form a ternary nucleoprotein complex with the serum response factor (SRF) over the serum response element (SRE) of the c-fos promoter. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the function and regulation of these factors have been extensively studied and the TCFs are a paradigm for the study of transcriptional regulation in response to extracellular signalling through the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. As final effectors of multiple signalling pathways and components of protein complexes on immediate early promoters, they represent key elements in the complex and dynamic regulation of gene expression. This review summarises the molecular, structural and biochemical studies that have led to the understanding of the functional domains of the TCFs, ternary complex formation, transcriptional regulation, protein partners and target genes in cell lines. Finally, the emerging studies of the biological roles of the TCFs in vivo will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Buchwalter
- Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 101142, CNRS, INSERM, ULP, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
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46
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Fiucci G, Beaucourt S, Duflaut D, Lespagnol A, Stumptner-Cuvelette P, Géant A, Buchwalter G, Tuynder M, Susini L, Lassalle JM, Wasylyk C, Wasylyk B, Oren M, Amson R, Telerman A. Siah-1b is a direct transcriptional target of p53: identification of the functional p53 responsive element in the siah-1b promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:3510-5. [PMID: 14985507 PMCID: PMC373493 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0400177101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Siah proteins are E3 ubiquitin ligases. They are homologues of the Drosophila seven in absentia (Sina), a protein required for the R7 photoreceptor development. We have previously found that the expression of human siah-1 and its mouse homologue siah-1b are induced by p53 during apoptosis and tumor reversion. So far, no evidence that the siah-1b gene is a direct transcriptional target of p53 has been provided. In the present study we investigate this issue. Northern blot analysis with a specific probe demonstrates an increase in siah-1b transcription on activation of endogenous and inducible exogenous p53. To explore whether this effect is directly mediated by p53 we analyzed 20 kb of chromosome X DNA, containing the siah-1b locus. A p53-binding site was identified in the siah-1b promoter, located at nucleotides -2155/-2103 relative to the translational start site. This site is composed of two half-sites, conforming to the p53-binding consensus sequence but separated by a nonclassical 33-bp spacer. In luciferase assays, p53 induces a substantial increase in siah-1b promoter activity. Gel shift and DNase-I-footprinting studies, combined with mutational analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation, indicate that p53 effectively binds the siah-1b promoter in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the siah-1b gene is a direct transcriptional target of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Fiucci
- Molecular Engines Laboratories, 20 Rue Bouvier, 75011 Paris, France
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47
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Nakade K, Zheng H, Ganguli G, Buchwalter G, Gross C, Wasylyk B. The tumor suppressor p53 inhibits Net, an effector of Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:1132-42. [PMID: 14729959 PMCID: PMC321436 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.3.1132-1142.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor function of p53 is linked to its ability to repress gene expression, but the mechanisms of specific gene repression are poorly understood. We report that wild-type p53 inhibits an effector of the Ras oncogene/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, the transcription factor Net. Tumor-associated mutant p53s are less efficient inhibitors. p53 inhibits by preventing phosphorylation of Net by MAP kinases. Loss of p53 in vivo leads to increased Net phosphorylation in response to wound healing and UV irradiation of skin. Our results show that p53 can repress specific gene expression by inhibiting Net, a factor implicated in cell cycle entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nakade
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
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48
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Lemaire F, Millon R, Young J, Cromer A, Wasylyk C, Schultz I, Muller D, Marchal P, Zhao C, Melle D, Bracco L, Abecassis J, Wasylyk B. Differential expression profiling of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Br J Cancer 2004; 89:1940-9. [PMID: 14612907 PMCID: PMC2394447 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the fifth most common cancer in men with an incidence of about 780 000 new cases per year worldwide and a poor rate of survival. There is a need for a better understanding of HNSCC, for the development of rational targeted interventions and to define new prognostic or diagnostic markers. To address these needs, we performed a large-scale differential display comparison of hypopharyngeal HNSCCs against histologically normal tissue from the same patients. We have identified 70 genes that exhibit a striking difference in expression between tumours and normal tissues. There is only a limited overlap with other HNSCC gene expression studies that have used other techniques and more heterogeneous tumour samples. Our results provide new insights into the understanding of HNSCC. At the genome level, a series of differentially expressed genes cluster at 12p12–13 and 1q21, two hotspots of genome disruption. The known genes share functional relationships in keratinocyte differentiation, angiogenesis, immunology, detoxification, and cell surface receptors. Of particular interest are the 13 ‘unknown’ genes that exist only in EST, theoretical cDNA and protein databases, or as chromosomal locations. The differentially expressed genes that we have identified are potential new markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lemaire
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
| | - R Millon
- UPRES EA 34-30, Centre Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - J Young
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
| | - A Cromer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
| | - C Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
| | - I Schultz
- UPRES EA 34-30, Centre Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - D Muller
- UPRES EA 34-30, Centre Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - P Marchal
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
| | - C Zhao
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
| | - D Melle
- Exonhit Therapeutics, 65 Boulevard Masséna, Paris F-75013, France
| | - L Bracco
- Exonhit Therapeutics, 65 Boulevard Masséna, Paris F-75013, France
| | - J Abecassis
- UPRES EA 34-30, Centre Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - B Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France. E-mail: .
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49
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Ganguli G, Wasylyk B. p53-independent functions of MDM2. Mol Cancer Res 2003; 1:1027-35. [PMID: 14707286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is inactivated by overexpression of MDM2 in about 10% of human tumors. However, p53 is inactivated by other mechanisms in the majority of tumors, raising the possibility that MDM2 may be irrelevant to transformation in most cases. However, MDM2 has been reported to have p53-independent functions, in cell cycle control, differentiation, cell fate determination, DNA repair, basal transcription, and other processes. Furthermore, MDM2 appears to contribute to the transformed phenotype in the absence of wild-type p53. Nevertheless, the number of studies is still limited, and the evidence in some cases does not unequivocally show that the functions are p53 independent. We will discuss the circuits of regulation involving MDM2 that do not directly concern p53. Hopefully, future work will consolidate our understanding of the p53-independent pathological functions of MDM2 and will lead to useful therapeutic interventions that target the majority of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitali Ganguli
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France
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Zheng H, Wasylyk C, Ayadi A, Abecassis J, Schalken JA, Rogatsch H, Wernert N, Maira SM, Multon MC, Wasylyk B. The transcription factor Net regulates the angiogenic switch. Genes Dev 2003; 17:2283-97. [PMID: 12975317 PMCID: PMC196465 DOI: 10.1101/gad.272503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is fundamental to physiological and pathological processes. Despite intensive efforts, little is known about the intracellular circuits that regulate angiogenesis. The transcription factor Net is activated by phosphorylation induced by Ras, an indirect regulator of angiogenesis. Net is expressed at sites of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis during early mouse development, suggesting that it could have a role in blood vessel formation. We show here that down-regulation of Net inhibits angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. Ras-activated phosphorylated Net (P-Net) stimulates the mouse VEGF promoter through the -80 to -53 region that principally binds Sp1. P-Net and VEGF are coexpressed in angiogenic processes in wild-type mouse tissues and in human tumors. We conclude that Net is a regulator of angiogenesis that can switch to an activator following induction by pro-angiogenic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 67404 Illkirch, France
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