1
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Affiliation(s)
- W Buczko
- University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - L Iacoviello
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - A De Curtis
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - C Amore
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - M B Donati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
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2
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Totani L, Amore C, Di Santo A, Dell'Elba G, Piccoli A, Martelli N, Tenor H, Beume R, Evangelista V. Roflumilast inhibits leukocyte-platelet interactions and prevents the prothrombotic functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:191-204. [PMID: 26484898 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ESSENTIALS: Thrombosis is a major comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Roflumilast is a selective phosphodiesterase type-4 (PDE4) inhibitor approved for treatment of severe COPD. PDE4 blockade by roflumilast inhibits prothrombotic functions of neutrophils and monocytes. PDE4 inhibitors may reduce thrombotic risk in COPD as well as in other vascular diseases. BACKGROUND Roflumilast, an oral selective phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A recent meta-analysis of trials on COPD revealed that treatment with roflumilast was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of major cardiovascular events. The mechanisms of this effect remain unknown. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that roflumilast N-oxide (RNO), the active metabolite of roflumilast, curbs the molecular mechanisms required for leukocyte-platelet (PLT) interactions and prevents the prothrombotic functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes (MNs). METHODS Using well-characterized in vitro models, we analysed the effects of RNO on: (i) PMN adhesiveness; (ii) the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); and (iii) tissue factor expression in MNs. Key biochemical events underlying the inhibitory effects of RNO were defined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In PMNs, RNO prevented phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent phosphorylation of Akt on Ser473, and Src family kinase (SFK)-mediated Pyk2 phosphorylation on Tyr579-580, while inducing protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of C-terminal Src kinase, the major negative regulator of SFKs. Modulation of these signaling pathways by RNO resulted in a significant impairment of PMN adhesion to activated PLTs or human umbilical vein endothelial cells, mainly mediated by inhibition of the adhesive function of Mac-1. Moreover RNO curbed SFK/PI3K-mediated NET release by PMNs adherent on fibrinogen-coated surfaces. In MNs interacting with activated PLTs, RNO curbed PI3K-mediated expression of tissue factor. The efficacy of RNO was significantly potentiated by formoterol, a long acting β-adrenergic receptor agonist. This study reveals novel antithrombotic activities by which roflumilast may exert protective effects against cardiovascular comorbodities in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Totani
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - C Amore
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - A Di Santo
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - G Dell'Elba
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - A Piccoli
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - N Martelli
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - H Tenor
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International GmbH, Glattpark-Opfikon, Switzerland
| | - R Beume
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International GmbH, Glattpark-Opfikon, Switzerland
| | - V Evangelista
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
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3
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Di Santo A, Amore C, Dell'Elba G, Manarini S, Evangelista V. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 negatively regulates tissue factor expression in monocytes interacting with activated platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:1029-39. [PMID: 21320285 PMCID: PMC3091995 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At the site of vascular injury, monocytes (MN) interacting with activated platelets (PLT) synthesize tissue factor (TF) and promote thrombus formation. Intracellular signals necessary for the expression of TF in MN, in the context of a developing thrombus, remain unknown. OBJECTIVE The study was designed to investigate the role of the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3, a serine-threonine kinase) downstream insulin receptor pathway, in PLT-induced TF expression in MN. METHODS To this purpose we used a well-characterized in vitro model of human MN-PLT interactions that allows detailed analysis of TF activity, TF protein and gene expression. RESULTS The results demonstrated that, in MN interacting with activated PLT: (i) TF activity, antigen and mRNA were low until 8-10 h and dramatically increased thereafter, up to 24 h; (ii) according to the kinetics of TF expression in MN, GSK3β undergoes phosphorylation on serine 9, a process associated with down-regulation of enzyme activity; (iii) pharmacological blockade of GSK3 further increased TF expression and was accompanied by increased accumulation of NF-kB, in the nucleus; (iv) blockade of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI(3)K) by wortmannin inhibited PLT-induced TF expression; and (v) according to the established role of the GSK3 downstream insulin receptor, insulin increased PLT-induced TF expression in a PI(3)K-dependent manner. CONCLUSION GSK3 acts as a molecular brake on the signaling pathway, leading to TF expression in MN interacting with activated PLT. PI(3)K, through Akt-dependent phosphorylation of GSK3, relieves this brake and allows TF gene expression. This study identifies a novel molecular link between thrombotic risk and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Santo
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
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4
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Evangelista V, de Berardis G, Totani L, Avanzini F, Giorda CB, Brero L, Levantesi G, Marelli G, Pupillo M, Iacuitti G, Pozzoli G, di Summa P, Nada E, de Simone G, Dell'Elba G, Amore C, Manarini S, Pecce R, Maione A, Tognoni G, Nicolucci A. Persistent platelet activation in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with low doses of aspirin. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5:2197-203. [PMID: 17697141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The percentage of diabetic patients who do not benefit from the protective effect of aspirin is larger than in other populations at cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE We compared the ability of aspirin to suppress TxA2 and platelet activation in vivo, in type-2 diabetics vs. high-risk non-diabetic patients. METHODS Urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2, plasma sCD40 L, and sP-selectin were measured, together with indices of low-grade inflammation, glycemic control, and lipid profile, in 82 patients with type-2 diabetes and 39 without diabetes, treated with low doses of aspirin. RESULTS Urinary 11-dehydro-TxB2, plasma sCD40L and sP-selectin were significantly higher in diabetics than in controls: [38.9 (27.8-63.3) vs. 28.5 (22.5-43.9) ng mmol(-1) of creatinine, P = 0.02], [1.06 (0.42-3.06) vs. 0.35 (0.22-0.95) ng mL(-1); P = 0.0001], [37.0 (16.8-85.6) vs. 20.0 (11.2-35.6) ng mL(-1), P = 0.0001], respectively. The proportion of individuals with diabetes increased across quartiles of 11-dehydro-TxB2, sCD40L, and sP-selectin, with the highest quartiles of 11-dehydro-TxB2, sCD40L and sP-selectin, including 66%, 93.3%, and 93.3% of individuals with diabetes. Markers of platelet activation positively correlated with indices of glycemic control but not with markers of low-grade inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Platelet dysfunction associated with insufficient glycemic control, may mediate persistent platelet activation under aspirin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Evangelista
- Department of Translational Pharmacology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy.
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5
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Napoleone E, DI Santo A, Amore C, Baccante G, di Febbo C, Porreca E, de Gaetano G, Donati MB, Lorenzet R. Leptin induces tissue factor expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a possible link between obesity and cardiovascular risk? J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5:1462-8. [PMID: 17425664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02578.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Leptin, the hormone synthesized and released primarily by adipose tissue and found increased in obese individuals, has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation and arterial and venous thrombosis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of tissue factor (TF), the pivotal agonist of the clotting cascade, as a link between obesity and cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS In 15 obese patients, plasma levels of leptin and TF as well as TF expression in resting and endotoxin-stimulated mononuclear leukocytes (MN) were increased when compared with healthy donors. In a selected sample of obese patients, loss of body weight led to decreased circulating leptin levels, accompanied by a reduction in plasma TF as well as in TF expression, both in resting and endotoxin-stimulated MN. In subsequent in vitro experiments, leptin was incubated with MN from healthy subjects. Leptin induced TF activity and antigen in a dose-dependent fashion, as assessed by clotting assay and ELISA, respectively. Increased migration of c-Rel/p65 into the nucleus, as determined by EMSA, and development of TF mRNA in monocytes, as assessed by RT-PCR, were observed. Experiments with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, indicated the involvement of p38 and ERK1/2 pathways. CONCLUSIONS The presence of TF-expressing MN in blood from obese subjects and the in vitro induction of TF by pharmacologic concentrations of leptin in MN from healthy subjects suggest that TF expression by leptin-stimulated monocytes may contribute to the cardiovascular risk associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Napoleone
- Centro Giovanni Paolo II di Ricerche e Formazione ad Alta Tecnologia nelle Scienze Biomediche, Università Cattolica, Campobasso, Italy
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Napoleone E, Zurlo F, Amore C, Di Santo A, Latella M, Iacoviello L, Donati M, Lorenzet R. PO-87 Tissue factor inhibition in human cancer and tumor-associated host cells by paclitaxel. Thromb Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(07)70240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Iacoviello L, Di Castelnuovo A, Gattone M, Pezzini A, Assanelli D, Lorenzet R, Del Zotto E, Colombo M, Napoleone E, Amore C, D'Orazio A, Padovani A, de Gaetano G, Giannuzzi P, Donati MB. Polymorphisms of the Interleukin-1β Gene Affect the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke at Young Age and the Response of Mononuclear Cells to Stimulation In Vitro. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25:222-7. [PMID: 15539626 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000150039.60906.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives—
To investigate the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene polymorphisms as a link between inflammation, coagulation, and risk of ischemic vascular disease at young age.
Methods and Results—
A total of 406 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) at young age, frequency-matched for age, sex, and recruitment center, with 419 healthy population-based controls and 134 patients with ischemic stroke at young age, matched by age and sex, with 134 healthy population-based controls, were studied. Subjects carrying the TT genotype of the −511C/T IL-1β polymorphism showed a decreased risk of MI (odds ratio [OR], 0.36; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.64) and stroke (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.81) after adjustment for conventional risk factors. In both studies, the T allele showed a codominant effect (
P
=0.0020 in MI;
P
=0.021 in stroke). Mononuclear cells from volunteers carrying the T allele showed a decreased release of IL-1β and a decreased expression of tissue factor after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide compared with CC homozygotes. The presence of a monoclonal antibody against IL-1β during cell stimulation resulted in a marked reduction of tissue factor activity expression.
Conclusions—
-511C/T IL-1β gene polymorphism affects the risk of MI and ischemic stroke at young age and the response of mononuclear cells to inflammatory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iacoviello
- Center for High Technology Research and Education in Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University, Campobasso, Italy.
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Zucchelli G, Cesari C, Amore C, Montebugnoli L, De Sanctis M. Laterally Moved, Coronally Advanced Flap: A Modified Surgical Approach for Isolated Recession-Type Defects. J Periodontol 2004; 75:1734-41. [PMID: 15732880 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2004.75.12.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various modifications of the laterally sliding flap have been proposed to reduce the risk of gingival recession at the donor tooth site, but the reported root coverage predictability was quite low. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness with respect to root coverage of a modified surgical approach of the laterally moved flap procedure for the treatment of an isolated type of recession defect. METHODS One hundred and twenty (120) isolated gingival recessions (Miller Class I or II) with specific features of the keratinized tissue lateral to the defects were treated with a new approach to the laterally moved flap. The main surgical modifications consisted of the coronal advancement of the laterally moved flap and the different thickness during flap elevation. Clinical evaluation was made 1 year after the surgery. RESULTS At the 1-year examination, 97% of the root surface was covered with soft tissue and 96 defects (80%) showed complete root coverage. A statistical and clinically significant increase of keratinized tissue was observed. These favorable results were accomplished with no change in the position of gingival margin or in the height of gingival tissue at the donor tooth/site. CONCLUSIONS The laterally moved, coronally advanced surgical technique was very effective in treating isolated gingival recessions. It combined the esthetic and root coverage advantages of the coronally advanced flap with the increase in gingival thickness and keratinized tissue associated with the laterally moved flap. The ideal gingival conditions must be present lateral to an isolated recession defect in order to render the proposed surgical technique an highly effective and predictable root coverage surgical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zucchelli
- Department of Oral Science, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy.
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Zucchelli G, Amore C, Sforza NM, Montebugnoli L, De Sanctis M. Bilaminar techniques for the treatment of recession-type defects. A comparative clinical study. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 30:862-70. [PMID: 14710766 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Complete root coverage is the primary objective to be accomplished when treating gingival recessions in patients with aesthetic demands. Furthermore, in order to satisfy patient demands fully, root coverage should be accomplished by soft tissue, the thickness and colour of which should not be distinguishable from those of adjacent soft tissue. The aim of the present split-mouth study was to compare the treatment outcome of two surgical approaches of the bilaminar procedure in terms of (i) root coverage and (ii) aesthetic appearance of the surgically treated sites. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen young systemically and periodontally healthy subjects with two recession-type defects of similar depth affecting contralateral teeth in the aesthetic zone of the maxilla were enrolled in the study. All recessions fall into Miller class I or II. Randomization for test and control treatment was performed by coin toss immediately prior to surgery. All defects were treated with a bilaminar surgical technique: differences between test and control sites resided in the size, thickness and positioning of the connective tissue graft. The clinical re-evaluation was made 1 year after surgery. RESULTS The two bilaminar techniques resulted in a high percentage of root coverage (97.3% in the test and 94.7% in the control group) and complete root coverage (gingival margin at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)) (86.7% in the test and 80% in the control teeth), with no statistically significant difference between them. Conversely, better aesthetic outcome and post-operative course were indicated by the patients for test compared to control sites. CONCLUSIONS The proposed modification of the bilaminar technique improved the aesthetic outcome. The reduced size and minimal thickness of connective tissue graft, together with its positioning apical to the CEJ, facilitated graft coverage by means of the coronally advanced flap.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zucchelli
- Department of Periodontology, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy.
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10
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Zucchelli G, Amore C, Montebugnoli L, De Sanctis M. Enamel Matrix Protines Bovine Porous Bone Mineral in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects: Comparative Controlled Clinical Trial. J Periodontol 2003; 74:1725-35. [PMID: 14974812 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.12.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various clinical studies have demonstrated that applying commercially available enamel matrix proteins (EMP) on the instrumented root surface during access flap surgery promotes clinically significant gains of clinical attachment and bone in intrabony defects. The aim of the present controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the adjunctive effect of filling the intrabony lesion with bovine porous bone mineral (BPBM) to a simplified papilla preservation (SPP) flap and EMP surgical procedure. METHODS Sixty deep interproximal intrabony lesions in 60 patients with chronic periodontitis were treated with the SPP flap and EMP. In the 30 test defects, the intrabony component was filled with BPBM particles previously reconstituted with the EMP gel. A stringent infection control program was adopted for 1 year. The clinical and radiographical reevaluation was made 1 year after surgery. RESULTS Both techniques resulted in clinically and statistically significant improvements between baseline and 1 year, in terms of clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing depth (PD) reduction, and radiographic bone fill; however, the BPBM test treatment showed statistically significantly greater CAL (5.8 +/- 1.1 versus 4.9 +/- 1.0) and radiographic bone (DEPTH) level gains (5.3 +/- 1.1 versus 4.3 +/- 1.5), and less increase in gingival recession (0.4 +/- 0.6 versus 0.9 +/- 0.5) than the control surgical procedure. CONCLUSION The present study data supported the hypothesis that the adjunctive use of BPBM in grafting intrabony defects has the ability to improve clinical and radiographical outcomes achievable with EMP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zucchelli
- Department of Stomatologic Science, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy.
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De Curtis A, Amore C, Donati MB, De Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. A procyanidin extract prolongs bleeding time but does not prevent thrombosis in rats. J Thromb Haemost 2003; 1:199-200. [PMID: 12871565 DOI: 10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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De Curtis A, D'Adamo MC, Amore C, Polishchuck R, Castelnuovo AD, Donati MB, Iacoviello L. Experimental arterial thrombosis in genetically or diet induced hyperlipidemia in rats--role of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors and prevention by low-intensity oral anticoagulation. Thromb Haemost 2001; 86:1440-8. [PMID: 11776312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship among lipids, coagulation and thrombosis in the absence of atherosclerosis, spontaneous or dietary-induced hyperlipidemic (FHL) rats were studied. FHL showed higher levels of coagulation factors VII, IX, X, VIII and XII and a shortening of the occlusion time (OT) of an artificial arterial prosthesis as compared with normolipidemic (FNL) animals. Damage of abdominal aorta of FHL was followed by increased fibrin deposition in the vascular intima as compared to FNL. After 5 months of cholesterol-rich diet FNL showed increased cholesterol, triglycerides and factor II, VII, IX, X, XII levels. A significant shortening of the OT and increased fibrin deposition was also observed. Two-month diet withdrawal restored the initial condition. Warfarin treatment, at a dose decreasing vitamin K-dependent factor to levels found in FNL, prolonged the OT and reduced fibrin deposition, without modifying F XII or changing lipid profile. An increase in the activated form of F VII was observed. In contrast, no difference was found in F VII clearance. High lipid levels favour the process of thrombus formation by increasing the activation of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Low-dose warfarin treatment reverts the prothrombotic effect of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Curtis
- Angela Valenti Laboratory of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Thrombotic Disease, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
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13
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Porreca E, Di Febbo C, Amore C, Di Castelnuovo A, Baccante G, Donati MB, Cuccurullo F, Iacoviello L. Effect of lipid-lowering treatment on factor VII profile in hyperlipidemic patients. Thromb Haemost 2000; 84:789-93. [PMID: 11127857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A link has been suggested between blood lipids and hemostatic activation. Factor VII (FVII) is a coagulation factor which plays a pivotal role in fibrin generation and thrombus formation. Clinical trials have demonstrated that inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase greatly reduce cardiovascular events in patients with and without coronary artery disease but few data, at this time, are available on the effects of lipid-lowering treatment on factor VII levels. We studied thirty-six IIA and IIB type hyperlipidemic patients who, after a preliminary period of lipid-lowering diet, added atorvastatin (20 mg/daily) or continued dietary treatment alone until they achieved LDL-C recommended levels (<4 mmol/L). Four to six weeks of lipid lowering treatment with diet plus atorvastatin, produced a significant reduction in FVII coagulant activity (FVIIc) and antigen (FVIIAg). No significant changes were observed in activated FVII (FVIIa). The lipid-lowering treatment with diet alone induced an improved lipid pattern, but no significant changes in FVII profile. Our study suggests a significant effect of lipid-lowering treatment on FVII levels. A possibile nonlipid mechanism that modifies FVII pathway may be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Porreca
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Università G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy.
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14
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De Curtis A, D'Adamo MC, Amore C, Donati MB, Iacoviello L. Effects of dyslipidemia on t-PA release in rats. Thromb Haemost 2000; 84:734-5. [PMID: 11057885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Di Castelnuovo A, D'Orazio A, Amore C, Falanga A, Donati MB, Iacoviello L. The decanucleotide insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter region of the coagulation factor VII gene and the risk of familial myocardial infarction. Thromb Res 2000; 98:9-17. [PMID: 10706929 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(99)00220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, an association has been found between factor VII polymorphisms and the risk of familial myocardial infarction. To obtain a thorough evaluation of the influence of factor VII gene on the risk of myocardial infarction, we extended our analysis to the role of a decanucleotide insertion/deletion functional polymorphism (-323 0/10-bp) in the promoter region of factor VII and to possible interactions with the HVR4 intron polymorphism. We performed a case-control study of 176 patients with myocardial infarction, over 45 years, who had a familial history of arterial thrombosis and 227 control subjects without a personal or family history of cardiovascular disease. The frequency of the rare allele of 10 bp was lower in cases (0.14 95% CI, 0.10-0.17) than in controls (0.19 95% CI, 0.16-0.23; chi(2)=4.7, p=0.03). Allowing for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls and testing for association under restricted maximisation, there was a significant difference in genotype frequency between cases and controls (p=0.02). Carriers of the 10-bp allele had an odds ratio for myocardial infarction of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.37-1.12), in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Combination analysis of -323 0/10-bp and HVR4 polymorphisms shows half reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction in comparison with the reference group for all the other groups, suggesting that there was no additivity between the effect of the 10-bp and the H7 alleles. Our findings suggest that the promoter polymorphism of factor VII gene may influence the risk of familial myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Castelnuovo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, "Angela Valenti" Laboratory of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Thrombotic Disease, Department of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
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Di Castelnuovo A, D'Orazio A, Amore C, Falanga A, Kluft C, Donati MB, Iacoviello L. Genetic modulation of coagulation factor VII plasma levels: contribution of different polymorphisms and gender-related effects. Thromb Haemost 1998; 80:592-7. [PMID: 9798976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We studied the relationships among different polymorphisms of FVII gene in determining FVII levels, in a sample of 335 male and female Italian volunteers. The hypervariable region 4 (HVR4), the promoter decanucleotide insertion (-323 0/10 bp) and the R353Q polymorphisms of FVII gene were evaluated. The association of HVR4 or -323 0/10 bp polymorphism with plasma FVII levels differed between gender (Interaction term: p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively), showing stronger effect in males than in females. In males, the R353Q and the HVR4 polymorphisms showed an incremental influence on FVII variance (F = 8.9, p <0.001 and F = 4.4, p = 0.01, respectively). Moreover, the effects of Q and 10 bp alleles on the reduction of FVII activity levels were significantly potentiated by the presence of H7 allele of HVR4 (Interaction term p = 0.03 for R353Q*HVR4 and p = 0.03 for -323 0/10 bp*HVR4). In conclusion, the effect of FVII polymorphisms on FVII levels was gender dependent and derived from a complex interaction among them. The HVR4 polymorphism seems to add an independent, albeit small, contribution to the regulation of FVII plasma levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Castelnuovo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
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Burzotta F, Di Castelnuovo A, Amore C, D'Orazio A, Di Bitondo R, Donati MB, Iacoviello L. 4G/5G promoter PAI-1 gene polymorphism is associated with plasmatic PAI-1 activity in Italians: a model of gene-environment interaction. Thromb Haemost 1998; 79:354-8. [PMID: 9493590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The PAI-1 gene promoter 4G/5G polymorphism was found to be associated with plasma PAI-1 activity in Northern and Central Europe populations, but no data are available on the association between this polymorphism and PAI-1 levels in Southern Europe countries (such as Italy) where the incidence of ischemic disorders is lower. This study shows that among populations with different incidence of atherothrombotic disorders the 4G/5G PAI-1 gene promoter polymorphism has the same importance in the regulation of plasma PAI-1 activity. Moreover, we have analysed some gene-environmental interactions: the correlation between PAI-1 and cholesterol in non dyslipidemic subjects and the correlation between PAI-1 activity and tryglicerides in dyslipidemic subjects differed according to the 4G/5G genotype class. Thus, our findings suggest that, among subjects with or without metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, completely different gene-environment interactions may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Burzotta
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
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18
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Iacoviello L, Di Castelnuovo A, De Knijff P, D'Orazio A, Amore C, Arboretti R, Kluft C, Benedetta Donati M. Polymorphisms in the coagulation factor VII gene and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:79-85. [PMID: 9420338 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199801083380202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood levels of coagulation factor VII are associated with a risk of ischemic vascular disease. Although factor VII levels may be genetically determined, the relation between genetic polymorphisms of factor VII, factor VII blood levels, and the risk of myocardial infarction has not been established. METHODS We performed a case-control study of 165 patients with familial myocardial infarction (mean [+/-SD] age, 55+/-9 years) and 225 controls without a personal or family history of cardiovascular disease (mean age, 56+/-8 years). The polymorphisms involving R353Q and hypervariable region 4 of the factor VII gene were studied. Factor VII clotting activity and antigen levels were also measured. RESULTS Patients with the QQ or H7H7 genotype had a decreased risk of myocardial infarction (odds ratios, 0.08 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.01 to 0.9] and 0.22 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.08 to 0.63], respectively). For the R353Q polymorphism, the RR genotype was associated with the highest risk, followed by the RQ genotype and then by the QQ genotype (P<0.001). For the polymorphism involving hypervariable region 4, the combined H7H5 and H6H5 genotypes were associated with the highest risk, followed in descending order by the H6H6, H6H7, and H7H7 genotypes (P<0.001). Patients with the QQ or H7H7 genotype had lower levels of both factor VII antigen and factor VII clotting activity than those with the RR or H6H6 genotype. Patients with the lowest level of factor VII clotting activity had a lower risk of myocardial infarction than those with the highest level (odds ratio, 0.13; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.34). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that certain polymorphisms of the factor VII gene may influence the risk of myocardial infarction. It is possible that this effect may be mediated by alterations in factor VII levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iacoviello
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
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19
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Burzotta F, Di Castelnuovo A, Amore C, D'Orazio A, Donati MB, Iacoviello L. [The role of 4G/5G polymorphism in the regulation of plasma levels of PAI-1: a model of interaction between genetic and environmental factors]. Cardiologia 1998; 43:83-8. [PMID: 9534297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that a decreased fibrinolytic potential can play a role as risk factor for thrombotic events. Blood levels of factors of the fibrinolytic system are highly heritable, supporting the importance of the genetic background. To better understand the impact of two common polymorphisms of the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) genes on the in vivo regulation of fibrinolysis, we have studied this genetic variables together with other clinical and metabolic factors in a sample of the Italian population. Two hundred-eighteen subjects without history of atherothrombosis or mayor diseases entered the study. A detailed clinical history was collected and evaluations of blood levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, PAI-1 activity, PAI-1 antigen, t-PA activity, t-PA antigen were performed on standard conditions. Genotypes at the locus of the 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 gene promoter and at locus of the insertion/deletion Alu-repeat polymorphism of t-PA gene intron h were studied. No detectable effect was found for the t-PA gene polymorphism in our population. On the other hand, the 4G/5G polymorphism was found to modulate plasma PAI-1 activity levels and the interaction between PAI-1 plasma activity levels and blood lipids. Moreover, such regulation by genotype was found to be affected by the presence or absence of dyslipidemia. In conclusion, our findings suggest that, among subjects with or without metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, completely different gene-environment interactions may occur, and could affect the individual risk of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Burzotta
- Istituto di Cardiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
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20
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Zito F, Di Castelnuovo A, Amore C, D'Orazio A, Donati MB, Iacoviello L. Bcl I polymorphism in the fibrinogen beta-chain gene is associated with the risk of familial myocardial infarction by increasing plasma fibrinogen levels. A case-control study in a sample of GISSI-2 patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17:3489-94. [PMID: 9437197 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.17.12.3489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the Bcl I beta-chain fibrinogen polymorphism with the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its relationship with fibrinogen levels in the Italian population. We studied 102 AMI patients, selected within the framework of the GISSI-2 trial, who had a familial history of arterial thrombosis (at least one first-degree relative suffering from AMI or stroke before 65 years) and 173 control subjects (with neither AMI nor personal or familial history of arterial thrombosis). All subjects were Italian. Patients showed fibrinogen levels higher than control subjects. There was a highly significant difference in allele frequency in cases versus control subjects, the B2 allele frequencies being respectively 0.28 versus 0.17 (P = .002). In multivariate analysis, adjusted for sex, age, smoking habits, and history of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, or diabetes, the (B1B2 + B2B2) genotype was associated with a higher risk of AMI (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 4.6). The Bcl I genotype was also associated with fibrinogen levels, independently of gender and smoking habits, the (B1B2 + B2B2) subjects showing the highest levels in both cases and control subjects. The difference in fibrinogen levels between cases and control subjects was significantly influenced by the genotype (significant interaction, P = .042). The B2 allele of the Bcl I polymorphism in the beta-chain of the fibrinogen gene is a new factor associated with the risk of familial AMI through its association with fibrinogen levels. These data provide evidence for a causal role of fibrinogen in familial AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zito
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, "A. Valenti" Laboratory of Thrombosis Pharmacology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
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21
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Burzotta F, Di Castelnuovo A, Amore C, D'Orazio A, Donati MB, Iacoviello L. 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter region of the PAI-1 gene is not a risk factor for familial myocardial infarction in subjects over 45 years. Thromb Haemost 1997; 78:1294-5. [PMID: 9365001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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22
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Iacoviello L, Di Castelnuovo A, de Knijff P, D'Orazio A, Amore C, Kluft C, Donati M. Alu-repeat polymorphism in the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) gene, t-PA levels and risk of familial myocardial infarction (MI). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0268-9499(96)80036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Vaccaro W, Amore C, Berger J, Burrier R, Clader J, Davis H, Domalski M, Fevig T, Salisbury B, Sher R. Inhibitors of acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase. J Med Chem 1996; 39:1704-19. [PMID: 8648610 DOI: 10.1021/jm950833d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Conformational restriction of previously disclosed acyclic (diphenylethyl)diphenylacetamides led to the discovery of several potent inhibitors of acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). cis-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-indanyl]diphenylacetamide (4a) was the most potent ACAT inhibitor identified (IC50 = 0.04 microM in an in vitro rat hepatic microsomal ACAT assay, ED50 = 0.72 mg/kg/day in cholesterol-fed hamster.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Vaccaro
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033-0539, USA
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24
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Iacoviello L, Kolpakov V, Salvatore L, Amore C, Pintucci G, de Gaetano G, Donati MB. Human endothelial cell damage by neutrophil-derived cathepsin G. Role of cytoskeleton rearrangement and matrix-bound plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995; 15:2037-46. [PMID: 7583587 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.15.11.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin G, a major protease released by activated neutrophils, induces functional and morphological damage to human endothelial cells. We studied the mechanisms involved and ways to reverse this damage. Cathepsin G induced a concentration- and time-dependent injury to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) morphology simultaneous with cytoskeleton rearrangement. Preincubation of the endothelial monolayer with phallacidin completely prevented damage to cell morphology by cathepsin g, whereas preincubation with cytochalasin b potentiated its activity. Damage to cell shape and F-actin cytoskeleton were prevented by eglin C, and inhibitor of the active site of cathepsin G. Furthermore, cathepsin G increased transcellular permeability to albumin and induced a time-dependent detachment of PAI-1 from the extracellular matrix of a cell-free system. The inhibition of matrix-bound PAI-1 activity by specific antibodies induced matrix-bound PAI-1 activity by specific antibodies induced changes in HUVEC monolayers similar to those observed after cathepsin G. However, although stabilization of F-actin microfilaments by phallacidin prevented changes in cell shape, it did not prevent the ability of cathepsin G to increase cell permeability and release matrix PAI-1. The damage of cathepsin G to cell morphology and cytoskeleton arrangement was reversed within 12 hours if the deendothelialization area was < 50% to 55% and the subendothelial matrix was still able to bind the newly synthesized PAI-1. Thrombin, whose role in the thrombotic process is well known, also induced changes in cell morphology and cytoskeleton arrangement of HUVEC. Cathepsin G reaches the subendothelial matrix through an increase in cell permeability and injures endothelial cell morphology by detaching matrix-bound PAI-1. These events expose a highly thrombogenic surface to which platelets can adhere, become activated, attract further neutrophils, and trigger thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iacoviello
- Angela Valenti Laboratory of Thrombosis Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
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Iacoviello L, Roncaglioni MC, Amore C, Marfisi RM, Celardo A, Feruglio G, Franzosi MG, Tognoni G, Maseri A, Donati MB. [Hemostatic factors and family history of thrombosis in patients with a myocardial infarct: a case-control study. The participants in GISSI-2-Efrim. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell'Infarto Miocardico]. G Ital Cardiol 1995; 25:769-76. [PMID: 7649426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We studied a series of hemostasis factors in a group of patients selected from a cohort of 916 patients affected by MI from the GISSI-2 study population. Following a case-control design, 73 patients with a family history of thrombosis (the presence of at least two first degree relatives affected by MI and/or stroke before 65 years) were matched with MI patients with no family history of thrombosis. Blood collection could be performed 6 +/- 1 months after the acute phase following MI in 53 pairs of such patients. The presence of mixed disulphides (MDS) was significantly higher in patients with family history than in controls; MDS were detected in 7 cases and only in 1 control. No difference was found in contrast in the distribution of fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII, vWF, protein C, protein S, AT III, HC II, PAI-1, lipoprotein (a). Nevertheless, independently from the family history, in the whole population of MI patients studied, 21 cases of suspected deficiency of protein C were found. Sixteen out of 53 patients with family history of MI and/or stroke had a family history of MI only. In patients with family history of MI the t-PA antigen levels were significantly lower than in the control group (7.5 +/- 4.4 vs 11.1 +/- 3.5 ng/ml, t = -2.6, p < 0.02). In the whole population of MI patients and in patients with a family history of thrombosis t-PA antigen was positively correlated with PAI-1 antigen and vWF. The correlation with PAI-1 was lost in patients with family history of MI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iacoviello
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro
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Kolpakov V, D'Adamo MC, Salvatore L, Amore C, Mironov A, Iacoviello L, Donati MB. Neutrophil derived cathepsin G induces potentially thrombogenic changes in human endothelial cells: a scanning electron microscopy study in static and dynamic conditions. Thromb Haemost 1994; 72:140-5. [PMID: 7974362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Activated neutrophils may promote thrombus formation by releasing proteases which may activate platelets, impair the fibrinolytic balance and injure the endothelial monolayer. We have investigated the morphological correlates of damage induced by activated neutrophils on the vascular wall, in particular the vascular injury induced by released cathepsin G in both static and dynamic conditions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were studied both in a cell culture system and in a model of perfused umbilical veins. At scanning electron microscopy, progressive alterations of the cell monolayer resulted in cell contraction, disruption of the intercellular contacts, formation of gaps and cell detachment. Contraction was associated with shape change of the endothelial cells, that appeared star-like, while the underlying extracellular matrix, a potentially thrombogenic surface, was exposed. Comparable cellular response was observed in an "in vivo" model of perfused rat arterial segment. Interestingly, cathepsin G was active at lower concentrations in perfused vessels than in culture systems. Restoration of blood flow in the arterial segment previously damaged by cathepsin G caused adhesion and spreading of platelets on the surface of the exposed extracellular matrix. The subsequent deposition of a fibrin network among adherent platelets, could be at least partially ascribed to the inhibition by cathepsin G of the vascular fibrinolytic potential. This study supports the suggestion that the release of cathepsin G by activated neutrophils, f.i. during inflammation, may contribute to thrombus formation by inducing extensive vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kolpakov
- Laboratory of Thrombosis Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
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Iacoviello L, De Curtis A, D'Adamo MC, Amore C, Buczko W, De Gaetano G, Donati MB. Prostacyclin is required for t-PA release after venous occlusion. Am J Physiol 1994; 266:H429-34. [PMID: 7511345 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1994.266.2.h429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The role of vascular cyclooxygenase pathway on tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) release after venous occlusion was studied in anesthetized rats. After the inferior vena cava was clamped for 30 min, fibrinolytic activity increased from 143.7 +/- 14.5 to 209.5 +/- 10.3 mm2 (mean +/- SE, P < 0.002). This increase was prevented by aspirin at high (100 mg/kg i.v.) but not at low doses (1 mg/kg i.v.). Dazoxiben (10 mg/kg i.v.), an inhibitor of thromboxane synthase, was ineffective on the fibrinolytic response. Both the basal levels of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and its increase after venous occlusion were suppressed by 100 mg/kg aspirin administration (from 0.64 +/- 0.2 to 0.05 +/- 0.002 ng/ml before occlusion, P < 0.001; and from 1.08 +/- 0.2 to 0.06 +/- 0.002 ng/kg after occlusion, P < 0.001), whereas they were both unaffected by aspirin at low doses (from 0.53 +/- 0.06 before to 1.20 +/- 0.08 ng/ml after stasis). Moreover, iloprost, a stable analogue of prostacyclin, reversed the aspirin inhibitory effects on fibrinolytic activity by restoring t-PA vascular release after venous stasis. Our results provide experimental evidence that an intact cyclooxygenase pathway in vascular wall is required for the fibrinolytic activity increase after venous occlusion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iacoviello
- Laboratory of Thrombosis Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
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Pintucci G, Iacoviello L, Castelli MP, Amore C, Evangelista V, Cerletti C, Donati MB. Cathepsin G--induced release of PAI-1 in the culture medium of endothelial cells: a new thrombogenic role for polymorphonuclear leukocytes? J Lab Clin Med 1993; 122:69-79. [PMID: 8320493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) may affect the integrity of blood vessels by endothelial cell injury. We investigated the effects of cathepsin G purified from human neutrophils on the fibrinolytic potential of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cathepsin G (5 and 10 micrograms/ml) induced marked intercellular gap formation after 1 hour of treatment, whereas 1 microgram/ml did not, even after 6 hours incubation. In contrast, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen levels, measured by a double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were significantly increased in culture media (CM) on cathepsin G (1 microgram/ml) treatment after 15 minutes (5.1 +/- 1.2 ng/ml vs 2.6 +/- 0.6 ng/ml for controls, p < 0.01) and 6 hours of incubation (69.6 +/- 17.5 ng/ml vs 40.0 +/- 9.0 ng/ml for controls, p < 0.01). Likewise, PAI activity, measured by reverse fibrin autography, increased on cell treatment with cathepsin G. Preincubation of cathepsin G with eglin C (10 micrograms/ml) almost completely abolished the increase in both PAI antigen and activity levels induced by cathepsin G. Cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, did not block cathepsin G-induced PAI-1 release. PAI-1 mRNA levels were not affected by HUVEC treatment with cathepsin G (1 microgram/ml for 15 minutes), even after 24 hours. In the extracellular matrix (ECM) PAI-1 antigen levels decreased to 77% and 40% of controls, respectively, after 15 minutes and 6 hours of cathepsin G (1 micrograms/ml) treatment. Reverse fibrin autography also demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction of PAI activity in the ECM on 6 hours of cell treatment with 1 or 5 micrograms/ml cathepsin G. Moreover, ECM prepared from confluent HUVECs released PAI-1 in supernatants on 1 micrograms/ml cathepsin G incubation in a cell-free system. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity was strongly depressed on cathepsin G treatment, both in CM from HUVECs or in a cell-free system. Finally, PAI-1 was also released from cathepsin G-stimulated platelets in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, our results support a potentially thrombogenic role of cathepsin G, which could impair the fibrinolytic potential of the endothelium. These data give a new insight into the mechanisms by which activated PMNs may promote thrombus formation. On the other hand, the decrease of PAI-1 in ECM could favor penetration and migration of inflammatory or tumor cells through the subendothelial layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pintucci
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud
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29
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Kolpakov V, Di Sciullo A, Amore C, Nasuti M, Iacoviello L, Poggi A, Donati MB. New model of vascular cell repair in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 1993; 29A:109-10. [PMID: 8473266 DOI: 10.1007/bf02630938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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30
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Iacoviello L, De Curtis A, Amore C, D'Adamo MC, Buczko W, de Gaetano G, Donati MB. Effect of aspirin on the fibrinolytic response in perfused rat hindquarters. Eur J Pharmacol 1992; 229:39-44. [PMID: 1473562 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(92)90283-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of aspirin on tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) release was studied in rats after experimental venous occlusion. For this purpose, we developed a new experimental model which combines a vascular perfusion system (isolated rat hindquarters) with vascular stimulation, namely the application of venous stasis. Application of venous stasis for 30 min induced the release of t-PA from the vascular endothelium into the perfusate (from 0.19 +/- 0.05 to 0.39 +/- 0.05 UI/ml), reaching a peak 90 s after reperfusion. Aspirin administered to rats 60 min before the experiments (100 mg/kg i.v.), or dissolved in Tyrode solution (100 microM), suppressed 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) synthesis (0.38 +/- 0.09 in control and < 0.01 and 0.15 +/- 0.09 ng/ml, respectively, in aspirin-treated groups) but did not prevent the increase in fibrinolytic activity after venous occlusion (from 0.20 +/- 0.04 to 0.38 +/- 0.06 and from 0.07 +/- 0.03 to 0.27 +/- 0.03 IU/ml, respectively, in the aspirin-treated group). Our results suggest that the increase in fibrinolytic activity after experimental venous occlusion in isolated rat hindlegs is modulated by mechanism(s) other than the cyclooxygenase pathway in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iacoviello
- Laboratory of Thrombosis Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
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Pintucci G, Iacoviello L, Amore C, Evangelista V, Cerletti C, Donati MB. Cathepsin G, a polymorphonuclear cell protease, affects the fibrinolytic system by releasing PAI-1 from endothelial cells and platelets. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 667:286-8. [PMID: 1309048 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb51628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Pintucci
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy
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Iacoviello L, Amore C, De Curtis A, Tacconi MT, de Gaetano G, Cerletti C, Donati MB. Modulation of fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion in humans by a combination of low-dose aspirin and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Arterioscler Thromb 1992; 12:1191-7. [PMID: 1390591 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.12.10.1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin at high but not at low doses reduces the fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion. Inhibition of vascular prostacyclin synthesis could be involved in this effect. Fish oil supplementation may redirect prostanoid metabolism toward an overall "antithrombotic" condition but with controversial effects on prostacyclin formation. In this study we investigated the effect of low-dose aspirin together with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on the fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion. Following a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, six healthy volunteers (three men and three women, 24-37 years old) were given for 29 days 5.3 g eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids or a corresponding dose of n-6 PUFAs as control; aspirin (40 mg/day) was then added for an additional 14 days. A 2-month washout period was allowed before the crossover. Blood was collected before and after venous stasis on days 0, 29, and 43 of each test period. A combination of aspirin with n-3 PUFAs reduced the fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion in all subjects, the mean value of fibrinolytic activity after stasis being 240 +/- 40 mm2, a value significantly lower than at baseline (366 +/- 51 mm2, mean +/- SEM, p < 0.05). Similarly, the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen level was lower in the aspirin + PUFA-treated group. Plasminogen activator inhibitor activity before stasis was enhanced by n-3 PUFA supplementation (from 7.5 +/- 2 to 14.8 +/- 3 IU/ml, p < 0.05), an effect not affected by aspirin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iacoviello
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-Consorzio Mario Negri Sud Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
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Iacovello L, De Curtis A, D'Adamo C, Amore C, Donati M. The response of vascular fibrinolysis to the adrenergic stimulation is abnormal in aged rats. Thromb Res 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(92)90397-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Buczko W, Iacoviello L, De Curtis A, Amore C, Donati MB. Aging and tissue plasminogen activator release. Thromb Haemost 1991; 66:745. [PMID: 1796427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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