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Yen JS, Hu CC, Huang WH, Hsu CW, Yen TH, Weng CH. An artificial intelligence algorithm for analyzing acetaminophen-associated toxic hepatitis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1947-1954. [PMID: 33955253 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211014587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Very little artificial intelligence (AI) work has been performed to investigate acetaminophen-associated hepatotoxicity. The objective of this study was to develop an AI algorithm for analyzing weighted features for toxic hepatitis after acetaminophen poisoning. METHODS The medical records of 187 patients with acetaminophen poisoning treated at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were reviewed. Patients were sorted into two groups according to their status of toxic hepatitis. A total of 40 clinical and laboratory features recorded on the first day of admission were selected for algorithm development. The random forest classifier (RFC) and logistic regression (LR) were used for artificial intelligence algorithm development. RESULTS The RFC-based AI model achieved the following results: accuracy = 92.5 ± 2.6%; sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 60%; precision = 92.3 ± 3.4%; and F1 = 96.0 ± 1.8%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was approximately 0.98. The LR-based AI model achieved the following results: accuracy = 92.00 ± 2.9%; sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 20%; precision = 92.8 ± 3.4%; recall = 98.8 ± 3.4%; and F1 = 95.6 ± 1.5%. The AUROC was approximately 0.68. The weighted features were calculated, and the 10 most important weighted features for toxic hepatitis were aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), prothrombin time, alanine aminotransferase (AST), time to hospital, platelet count, lymphocyte count, albumin, total bilirubin, body temperature and acetaminophen level. CONCLUSION The top five weighted features for acetaminophen-associated toxic hepatitis were ALT, prothrombin time, AST, time to hospital and platelet count.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-S Yen
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
| | - C-C Hu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.,Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung
| | - W-H Huang
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.,Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
| | - C-W Hsu
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.,Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
| | - T-H Yen
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.,Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou.,Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
| | - C-H Weng
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan.,Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou
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Yang YY, Chua CB, Hsu CW, Lee KH. Traumatic epidural pneumorrhachis: a case report. Hong Kong Med J 2020; 26:528-531. [PMID: 33350966 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj208431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C B Chua
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C W Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - K H Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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3
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Wu CC, Hsu CH, Hsu CW. Endoscopic submucosal dissection strategy for laterally spreading tumour involving appendiceal orifice - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:1760-1761. [PMID: 32396684 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C-C Wu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-H Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-W Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liu HF, Ku CH, Chang SS, Chang CM, Wang IK, Yang HY, Weng CH, Huang WH, Hsu CW, Yen TH. Outcome of patients with chlorpyrifos intoxication. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1291-1300. [PMID: 32336155 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120920911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a paucity of literature analyzing outcome of chlorpyrifos intoxication. METHODS A total of 40 patients with chlorpyrifos intoxication were seen at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 2008 and 2017. Patients were stratified into two subgroups according to their prognosis, as good (n = 12) or poor (n = 28). Good prognosis group were defined as patients who survived without serious complications, and poor prognosis group included patients who died and survived after development of severe complications. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and mortality data were obtained for analysis. RESULTS Patients aged 53.8 ± 16.3 years and most were male (80.0%). All patients (100.0%) developed acute cholinergic crisis such as emesis (45.0%), respiratory failure (42.5%), tachycardia (30.0%), kidney injury (22.5%), and seizure (7.5%). Intermediate syndrome developed in 12.5% of patients, but none had delayed neuropathy (0%). The poor prognosis group suffered higher incidences of respiratory failure (p = 0.011), kidney injury (p = 0.026), and prolonged corrected QT interval (p = 0.000), and they had higher blood urea nitrogen level (p = 0.041), lower Glasgow coma scale score (p = 0.011), and lower monocyte count (p = 0.023) than good prognosis group. All patients were treated with atropine and pralidoxime therapy, but six patients (15.0%) still died of intoxication. In a multivariate logistic regression model, blood urea nitrogen was a significant risk factor for poor prognosis (odds ratio: 1.375, 95% confidence interval: 1.001-1.889, p = 0.049). Nevertheless, no mortality risk factor could be identified. CONCLUSION The mortality rate of patients with chlorpyrifos intoxication was 15.0%. Furthermore, acute cholinergic crisis, intermediate syndrome, and delayed neuropathy developed in 100.0%, 12.5%, and 0% of patients, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-F Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Kidney Research Center, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou
| | - C-H Ku
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Kidney Research Center, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou
| | - S-S Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - C-M Chang
- Division of Rehabilitation and Community Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou
| | - I-K Wang
- Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - H-Y Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Kidney Research Center, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou
| | - C-H Weng
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Kidney Research Center, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou
| | - W-H Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Kidney Research Center, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou
| | - C-W Hsu
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Kidney Research Center, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou
| | - T-H Yen
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Kidney Research Center, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou
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5
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Hsu CW. Reply to Atamanalp. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:104-105. [PMID: 31483916 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C-W Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Hsu CW, Wu CC. A step-by-step demonstration of Whitehead's haemorrhoidectomy for trainees - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:117-118. [PMID: 31436373 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C-W Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-C Wu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Hsu YC, Su HY, Sun CK, Liang CY, Chen TB, Hsu CW. Risk of post-contrast acute kidney injury in emergency department patients with sepsis. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 25:429-437. [PMID: 31796644 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj198086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although computed tomography (CT) is a useful tool for exploring occult infection in patients with sepsis in the emergency department, the potential nephrotoxicity of contrast media is a major concern. Our study aimed to investigate the association between use of contrast-enhanced CT and the risks of acute kidney injury and other adverse outcomes in patients with sepsis. METHODS In total, 587 patients with sepsis who underwent CT scan (enhanced CT group: 105, non-enhanced CT group: 482) from January 2012 to December 2016 at a tertiary referral centre were enrolled in this retrospective analysis, and propensity score matching was performed to minimise the selection bias. The length of stay, incidences of acute kidney injury and emergent dialysis, and short-term mortality were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Compared with patients in the non-enhanced CT group, patients in the contrast-enhanced CT group did not have increased risks of acute kidney injury (odds ratio [OR]=1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.55-3.43; P=0.489), emergent dialysis (OR=1.31, 95% CI=0.47-3.68; P=0.602), or short-term mortality (OR=0.90, 95% CI=0.48-1.69; P=0.751). In addition, there was no significant difference in the median length of hospital stay between survivors in the two groups (20 vs 19 days, P=0.742). CONCLUSIONS Intravenous contrast administration during CT scanning was not associated with prolonged length of hospital stay in patients with sepsis in an emergency setting. Moreover, the use of contrast-enhanced CT was not associated with increased risks of acute kidney injury, emergent dialysis, or short-term mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - H Y Su
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C K Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C Y Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - T B Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C W Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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8
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Lin HC, Lin JR, Tsai WC, Lu CH, Chang WN, Huang CC, Wang HC, Kung CT, Su CM, Su YJ, Lin WC, Cheng BC, Hsu CW, Lai YR, Tsai NW. The outcomes of statin therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke in Taiwan: a nationwide epidemiologic study. QJM 2019; 112:891-899. [PMID: 31350560 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute stroke is the third leading cause of death in Taiwan. Although statin therapy is widely recommended for stroke prevention, little is known about the epidemiology of statin therapy after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in Taiwan. To investigate the effects of statin therapy on recurrent stroke, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), coronary artery disease (CAD), cost of hospitalization and mortality, we conducted a nationwide population-based epidemiologic study. METHODS Cases of AIS were identified from the annual hospitalization discharge diagnoses of the National Health Insurance Research Database with the corresponding International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision codes from January 2001 to December 2010. We divided the AIS patients into three groups: non-statin, pre-stroke statin and post-stroke statin. RESULTS A total of 422 671 patients with AIS (including 365 419 cases in the non-statin group, 22 716 cases in the pre-stroke statin group and 34 536 cases in the post-stroke statin group) were identified. When compared to the non-statin group, both statin groups had a lower recurrent stroke risk [pre-stroke statin: odds ratio (OR) = 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.82-0.87; P < 0.0001; post-stroke statin: OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.86-0.91; P < 0.0001], lower ICH risk (pre-statin: OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.69-0.82; P < 0.0001; post-stroke statin: OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.71-0.81; P < 0.0001), and a lower mortality rate (pre-stroke statin: OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.53-0.59; P < 0.0001; post-stroke statin: OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.48-0.53; P < 0.0001). In terms of CAD, only the post-statin group had a lower risk (OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.79-0.84; P < 0.0001) than the non-statin group. The post-statin group had the lowest 1-year medical costs after index discharge among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS Statin therapy reduced the risks of recurrent stroke, CAD, ICH and the first year mortality in patients after AIS. Treatment with statin therapy after AIS is a cost-effective strategy in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-C Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - J-R Lin
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Research Services Center for Health Information, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - W-C Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - C-H Lu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lianhai Rd., Gushan Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - W-N Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - C-C Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - H-C Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - C-T Kung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - C-M Su
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Y-J Su
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - W-C Lin
- Department of Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - B-C Cheng
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lianhai Rd., Gushan Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - C-W Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lianhai Rd., Gushan Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Y-R Lai
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lianhai Rd., Gushan Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - N-W Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C W Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - H M Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - H Y Su
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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10
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Hsu CW, Wu CC. Sigmoid volvulus treated with colonoscopic decompression followed by snare-assisted side-hole tube placement - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:1098. [PMID: 31066973 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C-W Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - C-C Wu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Zeng BS, Lin SY, Tu YK, Wu YC, Stubbs B, Liang CS, Yeh TC, Chen TY, Carvalho AF, Lin PY, Lei WT, Hsu CW, Chen YW, Tseng PT, Chen CH. Prevention of Postdental Procedure Bacteremia: A Network Meta-analysis. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1204-1210. [PMID: 31469596 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519870466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Postdental procedure bacteremia is common and troublesome. The comparative efficacy of multiple prophylactic interventions is unclear. We compared the efficacy of interventions for the prevention of postdental procedure bacteremia. We conducted a review of ClinicalKey, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to December 4, 2018. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated prophylactic interventions for the prevention of postdental procedure bacteremia were eligible. The primary outcome was the incidence of postdental procedure bacteremia. A total of 24 trials were included with 2,147 participants. Our network meta-analysis demonstrated that intravenous administration of 1,000/200 mg of amoxicillin/clavulanate provided the least incidence of postdental procedure bacteremia among all the prophylactic interventions (odds ratio = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.63) as compared with the placebo/controls. Oral 3 g of amoxicillin had the least incidence of postdental procedure bacteremia among all oral or topical forms of prophylactic interventions (odds ratio = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.44) as compared with the placebo/controls. No serious adverse events, such as anaphylactic shock, mortality, and the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, were reported. None of the included subjects were of high risk of infectious endocarditis. Our network meta-analysis demonstrates that intravenous amoxicillin/clavulanate and oral amoxicillin might be the best prophylactic interventions in preventing postdental procedure bacteremia among all the oral/topical forms of interventions for the overall populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Zeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S Y Lin
- Department of Dentistry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y K Tu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y C Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - B Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.,Positive Ageing Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - C S Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T C Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T Y Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Y Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - W T Lei
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, Rheumatology Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - C W Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y W Chen
- Prospect Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Neurology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - P T Tseng
- Prospect Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Neurology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,WinShine Clinics in Specialty of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - C H Chen
- Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Hsu CW, Wu CC. Transanal submucosal dissection of a large lower rectal adenoma using the Thunderbeat ® tissue management system - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:971-972. [PMID: 31063624 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C-W Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-C Wu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Hsu CW. Lymph node mapping and anastomosis evaluation by VISERA ELITE II ® , a novel surgical endoscope system, with infrared fluorescence imaging during laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:375-376. [PMID: 30632256 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C-W Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Lin HY, Kuo WT, Hsu CW. Laparoscopic repair of bevacizumab-induced vesicovaginal fistula in metastatic colon cancer - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:123. [PMID: 30447124 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - W-T Kuo
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-W Hsu
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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15
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Hsu CW, Chang MC. Laparoscopic paraaortic lymph node dissection in a patient with nutcracker syndrome for rectal cancer - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:124. [PMID: 30450779 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C-W Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - M-C Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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16
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Wallmann K, Riedel M, Hong WL, Patton H, Hubbard A, Pape T, Hsu CW, Schmidt C, Johnson JE, Torres ME, Andreassen K, Berndt C, Bohrmann G. Gas hydrate dissociation off Svalbard induced by isostatic rebound rather than global warming. Nat Commun 2018; 9:83. [PMID: 29311564 PMCID: PMC5758787 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane seepage from the upper continental slopes of Western Svalbard has previously been attributed to gas hydrate dissociation induced by anthropogenic warming of ambient bottom waters. Here we show that sediment cores drilled off Prins Karls Foreland contain freshwater from dissociating hydrates. However, our modeling indicates that the observed pore water freshening began around 8 ka BP when the rate of isostatic uplift outpaced eustatic sea-level rise. The resultant local shallowing and lowering of hydrostatic pressure forced gas hydrate dissociation and dissolved chloride depletions consistent with our geochemical analysis. Hence, we propose that hydrate dissociation was triggered by postglacial isostatic rebound rather than anthropogenic warming. Furthermore, we show that methane fluxes from dissociating hydrates were considerably smaller than present methane seepage rates implying that gas hydrates were not a major source of methane to the oceans, but rather acted as a dynamic seal, regulating methane release from deep geological reservoirs. Methane seepage from continental slopes has been attributed to gas hydrate dissociation induced by anthropogenic bottom water warming. Here, the authors show that hydrates dissociated before the Anthropocene when the isostatic rebound induced by deglaciation of the Arctic ice sheet outpaced eustatic sea-level rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Wallmann
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, Kiel, 24148, Germany.
| | - M Riedel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, Kiel, 24148, Germany
| | - W L Hong
- Geological Survey of Norway, N-7022, Trondheim, Norway.,CAGE Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate Research, Environment and Climate, Department of Geosciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, N-9037, Norway
| | - H Patton
- CAGE Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate Research, Environment and Climate, Department of Geosciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, N-9037, Norway
| | - A Hubbard
- CAGE Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate Research, Environment and Climate, Department of Geosciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, N-9037, Norway.,Department of Geography & Earth Science, Aberystwyth University, Wales, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - T Pape
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Str., Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - C W Hsu
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Str., Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - C Schmidt
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, Kiel, 24148, Germany
| | - J E Johnson
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Rd., Durham, NH, 03824-3589, USA
| | - M E Torres
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 Ocean Admin Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5503, USA
| | - K Andreassen
- CAGE Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate Research, Environment and Climate, Department of Geosciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, N-9037, Norway
| | - C Berndt
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, Kiel, 24148, Germany
| | - G Bohrmann
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Str., Bremen, 28359, Germany
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17
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Chang CS, Tsai IT, Liang CY, Hsu CW. Traumatic Dissections of Bilateral Internal carotid Artery with Aneurysms Formation. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791602300505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery dissection is an unusual complication of blunt neck trauma with high mortality and severe neurological deficits. Traumatic bilateral dissections and dissecting aneurysms are extremely rare. A 17-year-old male presented to our emergency department with sudden onset of right hemiparesis and aphasia. Initial computed tomography scan of head and neck showed no remarkable finding. On the second day, a magnetic resonance angiography of head and neck demonstrated bilateral extracranial internal carotid artery dissections. The diagnosis of traumatic carotid artery dissection for emergency physicians is difficult because of the absence or delayed onset in symptomatology. Magnetic resonance angiography is currently considered as an appropriate initial diagnostic tool for carotid artery injury. In clinical practice, early diagnosis by keeping a high index of suspicions is required by emergency physicians.
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18
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Chen CT, Chang CC, Chang WN, Tsai NW, Huang CC, Chang YT, Wang HC, Kung CT, Su YJ, Lin WC, Cheng BC, Su CM, Hsiao SY, Hsu CW, Lu CH. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: associations with caregiver burden and treatment outcomes. QJM 2017; 110:565-570. [PMID: 28383687 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcx077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregivers play a major role in providing care for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are themselves at higher risk of health comorbidities. AIM To address the impact of neuropsychiatric symptoms of patients in different stages of AD on their caregivers' burden. DESIGN This prospective study enrolled 260 AD patients with clinical dementia rating (CDR) of 0.5, 1 and 2 at a tertiary medical center. METHODS All patients were tested using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), the cognitive abilities screening instrument (CASI), the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) and the CDR scale. Data regarding therapeutic outcomes of anti-Alzheimer's drugs were also collected. Caregivers were tested using NPI. RESULTS The mean follow-up interval was 25.0 ± 12.2 months, and two patients died during follow-up. NPI-burden was positively correlated with NPI-sum ( r = 0.822, P < 0.001) but negatively correlated with years of education ( r = -0.140, P = 0.024), CASI score ( r = -0.259, P < 0.001) and MMSE score ( r = -0.262, P <0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only NPI-sum was independently associated with mean NPI-burden. Both higher mean CASI and MMSE scores had better therapeutic outcome of anti-Alzheimer's drugs ( P = 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with AD was positively associated with caregiver's stress, and patients with better cognitive functions, under treatment with anti-Alzheimer's drugs, had better therapeutic outcomes. To reduce the impact of neuropsychiatric symptoms, it is crucial to detect dementia in its early phases and provide early intervention with anti-Alzheimer's drugs, which might help decrease the caregiver burden, thereby improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C-T Kung
- Department of Emergency Medicine
| | - Y-J Su
- Department of Internal Medicine
| | - W-C Lin
- Department of Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - B-C Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - C-M Su
- Department of Emergency Medicine
| | - S-Y Hsiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - C-W Hsu
- Department of Neurology
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - C-H Lu
- Department of Neurology
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Xiamen, China
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19
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Hsu CW, Su HY. Urothelial carcinoma with paraneoplastic leukocytosis. Hong Kong Med J 2017; 23:207.e3-4. [DOI: 10.12809/hkmj164956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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20
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Mau S, Römer M, Torres ME, Bussmann I, Pape T, Damm E, Geprägs P, Wintersteller P, Hsu CW, Loher M, Bohrmann G. Widespread methane seepage along the continental margin off Svalbard - from Bjørnøya to Kongsfjorden. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42997. [PMID: 28230189 PMCID: PMC5322355 DOI: 10.1038/srep42997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous articles have recently reported on gas seepage offshore Svalbard, because the gas emission from these Arctic sediments was thought to result from gas hydrate dissociation, possibly triggered by anthropogenic ocean warming. We report on findings of a much broader seepage area, extending from 74° to 79°, where more than a thousand gas discharge sites were imaged as acoustic flares. The gas discharge occurs in water depths at and shallower than the upper edge of the gas hydrate stability zone and generates a dissolved methane plume that is hundreds of kilometer in length. Data collected in the summer of 2015 revealed that 0.02-7.7% of the dissolved methane was aerobically oxidized by microbes and a minor fraction (0.07%) was transferred to the atmosphere during periods of low wind speeds. Most flares were detected in the vicinity of the Hornsund Fracture Zone, leading us to postulate that the gas ascends along this fracture zone. The methane discharges on bathymetric highs characterized by sonic hard grounds, whereas glaciomarine and Holocene sediments in the troughs apparently limit seepage. The large scale seepage reported here is not caused by anthropogenic warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mau
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - M Römer
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - M E Torres
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 Ocean Admin Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-5503, USA
| | - I Bussmann
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - T Pape
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - E Damm
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - P Geprägs
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - P Wintersteller
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - C-W Hsu
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - M Loher
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - G Bohrmann
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- C-W Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Cancer Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Su
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Cancer Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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22
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Lo YC, Tsai JL, Tsai IT, Hsu CW. Headache, oestrogens, homocysteinaemia and cerebral venous thrombosis. QJM 2016; 109:685-686. [PMID: 27516232 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcw146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Lo
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - J-L Tsai
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-T Tsai
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-W Hsu
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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23
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Anquillare EL, Miller OD, Hsu CW, DeLacy BG, Joannopoulos JD, Johnson SG, Soljačić M. Efficient, designable, and broad-bandwidth optical extinction via aspect-ratio-tailored silver nanodisks. Opt Express 2016; 24:10806-10816. [PMID: 27409901 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.010806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Subwavelength resonators, ranging from single atoms to metallic nanoparticles, typically exhibit a narrow-bandwidth response to optical excitations. We computationally design and experimentally synthesize tailored distributions of silver nanodisks to extinguish light over broad and varied frequency windows. We show that metallic nanodisks are 2-10x more efficient in absorbing and scattering light than common structures, and can approach fundamental limits to broadband scattering for subwavelength particles. We measure broadband extinction per volume that closely approaches theoretical predictions over three representative visible-range wavelength windows, confirming the high efficiency of nanodisks and demonstrating the collective power of computational design and experimental precision for developing new photonics technologies.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No.1, Yida Road, Jiao-su Village, Yan-chao District, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No.1, Yida Road, Jiao-su Village, Yan-chao District, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-W Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No.1, Yida Road, Jiao-su Village, Yan-chao District, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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25
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Chiang MS, Yang JR, Liao SC, Hsu CC, Hsu CW, Yuan K. Latent transforming growth factor-β binding proteins (LTBP-1 and LTBP-2) and gingiva keratinization. Oral Dis 2015; 21:762-9. [PMID: 25858550 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) proteins are involved in epithelial keratinization. The major function of latent TGF-β binding proteins (LTBPs) is modulating TGF-β activity. However, whether LTBP-1 and LTBP-2 play roles in gingiva keratinization remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human keratinized gingiva and non-keratinized alveolar mucosa were processed for LTBP-1, LTBP-2, cytokeratin-1 (K1), cytokeratin-4 (K4), and TGF-β immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Porcine heterotopically transplanted connective tissues and newly grown epithelia were harvested for IHC staining. The expression levels of LTBP-1 and LTBP-2 were compared between differentiated and undifferentiated human normal oral keratinocytes (hNOK). The expression of LTBP-1 and LTBP-2 was knocked down in a cell line (OEC-M1) to evaluate the effects on the expression of K1, K4, and involucrin (INV). RESULTS In human and porcine specimens, LTBP-2 expression patterns distinguished keratinized and non-keratinized oral epithelia. Western blotting results showed that K1, LTBP-1, and INV proteins were upregulated in differentiated hNOK. In OEC-M1 cells, LTBP-2 knockdown resulted in upregulated the expression of K1 and INV and downregulated the expression of K4. LTBP-1 knockdown resulted in opposite effects. CONCLUSION The expression patterns of LTBP-2 differ in keratinized gingiva and non-keratinized mucosa. LTBP-1 and LTBP-2 are involved in the keratinization of oral epithelium; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-S Chiang
- Department of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - J-R Yang
- Division of Physiology, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - S-C Liao
- Department of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - C-C Hsu
- Department of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - C-W Hsu
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Dental Department, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - K Yuan
- Department of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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26
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Chow CW, Yeh CH, Sung JY, Hsu CW. Wired and wireless convergent extended-reach optical access network using direct-detection of all-optical OFDM super-channel signal. Opt Express 2014; 22:30719-30724. [PMID: 25607020 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.030719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate the feasibility of using all-optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (AO-OFDM) for the convergent optical wired and wireless access networks. AO-OFDM relies on all-optically generated orthogonal subcarriers; hence, high data rate (> 100 Gb/s) can be easily achieved without hitting the speed limit of electronic digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters (DAC/ADC). A proof-of-concept convergent access network using AO-OFDM super-channel (SC) is demonstrated supporting 40 - 100 Gb/s wired and gigabit/s 100 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) ROF transmissions.
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27
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Chen CS, Lai YT, Chen TC, Chen CH, Lee JF, Hsu CW, Kao HM. Synthesis and characterization of Pt nanoparticles with different morphologies in mesoporous silica SBA-15 for methanol oxidation reaction. Nanoscale 2014; 6:12644-12654. [PMID: 25198619 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03624g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous SBA-15 silica materials functionalized with and without carboxylic acid groups were used to effectively control the morphology of Pt crystals, and the materials thus obtained were applied to methanol oxidation reactions. The Pt particles aggregated to form long spheroids inside the channels in pure SBA-15. When carboxylic acid groups were utilized, the SBA-15(-COOH) material facilitated the formation of higher Pt surface area, smaller Pt nanoparticles and nearly spherical shape due to the strong interaction between Pt(4+) ions and carboxylic acid on SBA-15. The Pt(4+) ions on the SBA-15(-COOH) material can be directly transformed to reduced Pt particles during calcination. The methanol oxidation activity on a Pt surface is strongly dependent on the shape of Pt particles. The near-spherical Pt nanoparticles on the SBA-15(-COOH) exhibited higher catalytic activity during methanol oxidation than Pt catalysts on unmodified SBA-15. The near-spherical Pt particles on the SBA-15(-COOH) contained large numbers of terrace sites on their surfaces, which led to high efficiency during methanol oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Chen
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan Tao-Yuan, Taiwan 333, Republic of China.
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28
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Miller OD, Hsu CW, Reid MTH, Qiu W, DeLacy BG, Joannopoulos JD, Soljačić M, Johnson SG. Fundamental limits to extinction by metallic nanoparticles. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:123903. [PMID: 24724651 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.123903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We show that there are shape-independent upper bounds to the extinction cross section per unit volume of dilute, randomly arranged nanoparticles, given only material permittivity. Underlying the limits are restrictive sum rules that constrain the distribution of quasistatic eigenvalues. Surprisingly, optimally designed spheroids, with only a single quasistatic degree of freedom, reach the upper bounds for four permittivity values. Away from these permittivities, we demonstrate computationally optimized structures that surpass spheroids and approach the fundamental limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- O D Miller
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C W Hsu
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M T H Reid
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Qiu
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B G DeLacy
- U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Research and Technology Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, USA
| | - J D Joannopoulos
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Soljačić
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S G Johnson
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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29
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Hsu CW, Sun SF, Lee DL, Chu KA, Lin HS. Clinical characteristics, hospital outcome and prognostic factors of patients with ventilator-related pneumothorax. Minerva Anestesiol 2014; 80:29-38. [PMID: 24122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilation is a common cause of iatrogenic pneumothorax in intensive care units (ICU). Most of the patients with ventilator-related pneumothorax (VRP) have underlying lung diseases and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The prognostic factors of VRP are not clear. The objective of this study was to find the possible prognostic factors. METHODS Analysis of retrospectively collected data of patients with pneumothorax induced by mechanical ventilation. Data were obtained concerning demographics, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, organ failure, underlying diseases, interval between the start of mechanical ventilation and pneumothorax, arterial blood gas, respiratory parameters and patient outcomes. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-four patients with VRP were included for analysis. The incidence rate of VRP was 0.4% (124/31,660), and the mortality rate was 77.4%. The patients with VRP had higher hospital mortality rate than that of mechanically ventilated patients without pneumothorax (77.4% vs. 13.7%, P<0.001) or patient with procedure-related pneumothorax (77.4% vs. 29.4%, P<0.001). Most cases of VRP occurred in the early phase of mechanical ventilation, and 8.9% of the patients had a later episode of pneumothorax on the opposite lung. The interval between two episodes of VRP was short, at a median time of 2 days. Cox regression analysis showed that tension pneumothorax (P=0.001), PaO2/FiO2<200 (P=0.002), and APACHE II score (P=0.008) were significantly associated with death. CONCLUSION VRP patients with tension pneumothorax or PaO2/FiO2<200 had a higher risk of death. APACHE II scores were associated with mortality in the VRP patients with PaO2/FiO2≥200 mmHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-W Hsu
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan -
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30
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Lundskog A, Palisaitis J, Hsu CW, Eriksson M, Karlsson KF, Hultman L, Persson POÅ, Forsberg U, Holtz PO, Janzén E. InGaN quantum dot formation mechanism on hexagonal GaN/InGaN/GaN pyramids. Nanotechnology 2012; 23:305708. [PMID: 22781961 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/30/305708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Growing InGaN quantum dots (QDs) at the apex of hexagonal GaN pyramids is an elegant approach to achieve a deterministic positioning of QDs. Despite similar synthesis procedures by metal organic chemical vapor deposition, the optical properties of the QDs reported in the literature vary drastically. The QDs tend to exhibit either narrow or broad emission lines in the micro-photoluminescence spectra. By coupled microstructural and optical investigations, the QDs giving rise to narrow emission lines were concluded to nucleate in association with a (0001) facet at the apex of the GaN pyramid.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lundskog
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
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Abstract
The support vector machine (SVM) is a new and promising technique for pattern recognition. It requires the solution of a large dense quadratic programming problem. Traditional optimization methods cannot be directly applied due to memory restrictions. Up to now, very few methods can handle the memory problem and an important one is the "decomposition method." However, there is no convergence proof so far. In this paper, we connect this method to projected gradient methods and provide theoretical proofs for a version of decomposition methods. An extension to bound-constrained formulation of SVM is also provided.We then show that this convergence proof is valid for general decomposition methods if their working set selection meets a simple requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Lin YY, Hsu CW, Sheu WHH, Chu SJ, Wu CP, Tsai SH. Use of therapeutic responses to glucose replacement to predict glucose patterns in diabetic patients presenting with severe hypoglycaemia. Int J Clin Pract 2009; 63:1161-6. [PMID: 19624786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether initial serum glucose levels, therapeutic responses to intravenous glucose replacement and changes in serum glucose levels over time could predict serum glucose patterns. METHODS The patients enrolled in this retrospective chart review had been previously diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and were later hospitalised for severe hypoglycaemia (SH). They were all admitted to the emergency department (ED) during a 4-year period between January 2003 and December 2006. Comparison of the therapeutic responses to glucose replacement according to the serum glucose patterns [categorised into recurrent hypoglycaemia (RH), overshoot hyperglycaemia (OH) and favourable groups] during the first 48 h was performed. RESULTS Compared with the favourable group, therapeutic responses to glucose replacement were significantly lower in the RH group and higher in the OH group; the changes in serum glucose levels over time were also significantly lower in the RH group and higher in the OH group. CONCLUSION Therapeutic responses to glucose replacement and changes in serum glucose levels over time can differentiate diabetic patients with RH and OH from those with favourable glucose patterns during the first 48 h after presentation in the ED with SH. We believe that a 'response-to-treatment' based strategy is useful in determining the ED disposition of diabetic patients presenting with SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Y Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325 Cheng-Kung Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yeh CT, Tang JH, Hsu CW, Chen YC, Chang ML, Lin CY. Expression of hepatitis B virus nuclear core antigen in young cirrhotic patients is associated with an unfavourable long-term outcome. J Viral Hepat 2008; 15:839-48. [PMID: 18647234 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2008.01017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this case control study was to investigate the clinical significance of hepatitis B virus nuclear core antigen (HBcAg) in young cirrhotic patients. Fifteen cirrhotic patients with nuclear HBcAg in the liver biopsies were included. Their clinicopathological parameters as well as the core gene sequences were compared with those of a sex- and age-matched (1 to 2) control group. The mean follow-up periods were 124 +/- 80 and 102 +/- 43 months, respectively. Expression of nuclear HBcAg in cirrhotic liver was significantly associated with higher aspartate aminotransferase levels (P = 0.001), alanine aminotransferase levels (P < 0.001), and alpha-fetoprotein levels (P = 0.002), as well as a shorter duration to develop hepatocellular carcinoma or liver decompensation (Kaplan-Meier method, P = 0.044). Sequence analysis revealed mutations on the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of core protein in five cirrhotic patients with nuclear HBcAg (Q171K in four and Q179K in one patients). Site-directed mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that both the Q171K and Q179K mutation enhanced nuclear localization of the core protein. In conclusion, expression of nuclear HBcAg in young cirrhotic patients was associated with more severe hepatitis activities as well as an unfavourable long-term outcome. Mutations on the NLS of core protein were selected in some patients with nuclear HBcAg.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-T Yeh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Cancer Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare gene transcription profiles of LM between two pig breeds, Duroc and Taoyuan, which display dramatically different postnatal muscle growth. We isolated LM from neonatal pigs, and the Duroc muscle length and mass were greater (P < 0.01) than for Taoyuan pigs; however, insignificant differences in the muscle fiber area and the percentage of fiber types were found. A human high-density complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray consisting of 9,182 probes was used to compare gene transcription profiles of LM between the two breeds. The results showed that the transcription level of 73 genes and 44 genes in Duroc LM were upregulated and down-regulated by at least 1.75-fold (P < 0.05) compared with Taoyuan, respectively. The strongly upregulated genes in Duroc pigs included those encoding the complex of myofibrillar proteins (e.g., myosin light and heavy chains, and troponin), ribosomal proteins, transcription regulatory proteins (e.g., skeletal muscle LIM protein 1 [SLIM1] and high-mobility group proteins), and energy metabolic enzymes (e.g., electron-transferring flavo-protein dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and ATP synthases). The highly transcribed genes that encode energy metabolic enzymes indicate a more glycolytic metabolism in Duroc LM, thereby favoring carbohydrates rather than lipids for use as energy substrates in this tissue. The over-transcribed genes that encode skeletal muscle-predominant proteins or transcription regulators that control myogenesis and/or muscle growth suggest a general mechanism for the observed higher rate of postnatal muscle growth in Duroc pigs. The transcription of one such gene, SLIM1, was more highly transcribed (P < 0.01) in Duroc LM at birth and at postnatal d 7 than in Taoyuan. The transcription of SLIM1 increased (P < 0.05) in Duroc LM from neonate through 7 d of age, whereas its transcription remained essentially constant in Taoyuan during this period. These results suggest that SLIM1 may be useful for the development of markers associated with the postnatal muscle growth of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Yuan K, Huang JS, Hsu CW, Hung IJ. A mineralization-associated membrane protein plays a role in the biological functions of the peptide-coated bovine hydroxyapatite. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:420-8. [PMID: 17760819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Anorganic bovine mineral coated with a cell-binding peptide (P-15) is superior to anorganic bovine mineral alone in the treatment of periodontal osseous defects. However, the molecular interactions between P-15 and periodontal ligament fibroblasts remain unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS We first compared the in vitro osteogenic activities between periodontal ligament fibroblasts cultured with anorganic bovine mineral alone and with the P-15/anorganic bovine mineral combination. We then harvested the periodontal ligament cell lysate, incubated it with various graft materials, and then washed it to remove unbound proteins. The bound proteins were eluted from graft materials and analyzed using electrophoresis, followed by mass spectrometry and then western blotting. Finally, a neutralizing antibody against one bound protein was added to the cell cultures to repeat the osteogenic assays to clarify its role in the in vitro effects of the P-15/anorganic bovine mineral combination. RESULTS Cells treated with P-15/anorganic bovine mineral were more viable and showed greater osteogenic activities than cells treated with anorganic bovine mineral alone and the no-graft control. Annexin II, a mineralization-associated protein, bound to P-15/anorganic bovine mineral significantly more than to anorganic bovine mineral alone. The addition of neutralizing antibody for annexin II decreased the osteogenic activities of the P-15/anorganic bovine mineral combination. CONCLUSION Annexin II of periodontal ligament fibroblasts interacted with the peptide of P-15, and was partially responsible for better in vitro osteogenesis in the P-15 graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yuan
- Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, National Cheng Kung University, and Department of Dentistry, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Lin CY, Tsai MC, Huang CT, Hsu CW, Tseng SC, Tsai IF, Chen YC, Yeh CT, Sheen IS, Chien RN. Liver injury is associated with enhanced regulatory T-cell activity in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 2007; 14:503-11. [PMID: 17576392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with impairment of HBV-specific immune responses. Recently, it has been shown that regulatory T (Treg) cells downregulate HBV-specific immune responses but their role in chronic hepatitis B is still controversial. We hypothesized that liver injury enhances the influence of Treg cells on HBV-specific immune responses. The frequency of Treg cell and the in vitro expansion of HBV-specific CD8+ T cell detected by the tetramer method were investigated in 79 patients with chronic hepatitis B. Thirty-three healthy volunteers were enrolled to measure the frequency of Treg cell as controls. The results showed that in chronic hepatitis B cases, the frequency of Treg cells in peripheral blood was significantly higher than that in normal volunteers. The higher level of serum transaminase was associated with higher frequency of Treg cells, which both had a linear correlation relationship. HBV-DNA level, HBe status, age and sex had no statistical association with Treg cell frequency. Furthermore, in patients with higher serum transaminase levels, the expansion of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells was higher after removal of Treg cells when compared with patients with lower serum transaminase levels. In conclusion, our data indicate a significant association between serum transaminase level and frequency/activity of Treg cells. Based on this observation, we propose that liver-injury enhances Treg cell frequency/activity in chronic hepatitis B patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang GUng Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Stimson S, Evans M, Hsu CW, Ng CY. Rotationally resolved vacuum ultraviolet pulsed field ionization-photoelectron vibrational bands for HD+(X 2Sigmag+,v+=0-20). J Chem Phys 2007; 126:164303. [PMID: 17477598 DOI: 10.1063/1.2720843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors have obtained rotationally resolved vacuum ultraviolet pulsed field ionization-photoelectron (vuv-PFI-PE) spectrum of HD in the photon energy range of 15.29-18.11 eV, covering the ionization transitions HD+(X 2Sigmag+,v+=0-21,N+)<--HD(X 1Sigmag+,v"=0,J"). The assignment of rotational transitions resolved in the vuv-PFI-PE vibrational bands for HD+(X 2Sigmag+,v+=0-20) and their simulation using the Buckingham-Orr-Sichel (BOS) model are presented. Rotational branches corresponding to the DeltaN=N+-J"=0, +/-1, +/-2, +/-3, and +/-4 transitions are observed in the vuv-PFI-PE spectrum of HD. The BOS simulation shows that the perturbation of vuv-PFI-PE rotational line intensities due to near resonance autoionization is very minor at v+>or=5 and decreases as v+ is increased. Thus, the rotationally resolved PFI-PE bands for HD+(v+>or=5) presented here provide reliable estimates of state-to-state cross sections for direct photoionization of HD, while the rotationally resolved PFI-PE bands for HD+(v+<5) are useful data for fundamental understanding of the near resonance autoionizing mechanism. On the basis of the rovibrational assignment of the vuv-PFI-PE bands, the ionization energies for the formation of HD+(X 2Sigmag+,v+=0-20,N+) from HD(X 1Sigmag+,v"=0,J") and the vibrational constants (omegae, omegaechie, omegaeye, and omegaeze), the rotational constants (Be and alphae), the vibrational energy spacings, and the dissociation energy for HD+(X 2Sigmag+) are determined. As expected, these values are found to be in excellent agreement with high level theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stimson
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. DOE, and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Shao ZH, Hsu CW, Chang WT, Waypa GB, Li J, Li D, Li CQ, Anderson T, Qin Y, Schumacker PT, Becker LB, Hoek TLV. Cytotoxicity induced by grape seed proanthocyanidins: role of nitric oxide. Cell Biol Toxicol 2007; 22:149-58. [PMID: 16555001 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-006-0052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GPSE) at high doses has been shown to exhibit cytotoxicity that is associated with increased apoptotic cell death. Nitric oxide (NO), being a regulator of apoptosis, can be increased in production by the administration of GSPE. In a chick cardiomyocyte study, we demonstrated that high-dose (500 microg/ml) GSPE produces a significantly high level of NO that contributes to increased apoptotic cell death detected by propidium iodide and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. It is also associated with the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), probably due to increased consumption by NO with the formation of S-nitrosoglutathione. Co-treatment with L-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor, results in reduction of NO and apoptotic cell death. The decline in reduced GSH/oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio is also reversed. N-Acetylcysteine, a thiol compound that reacts directly with NO, can reduce the increased NO generation and reverse the decreased GSH/GSSG ratio, thereby attenuating the cytotoxicity induced by high-dose GSPE. Taken together, these results suggest that endogenous NO synthase (NOS) activation and excessive NO production play a key role in the pathogenesis of high-dose GSPE-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Shao
- Emergency Resuscitation Center, Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Sheen IS, Tsou YK, Lin SM, Lin CJ, Lin CC, Hsu CW, Chen YC, Chang ML, Yeh CT. Nuclear HBcAg and histology activity index as independent predictors of the expression of singly spliced HBV-RNA. J Viral Hepat 2007; 14:70-4. [PMID: 17212647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA splicing has been reported by many researchers, the clinical significance of this event remains illusive. The present study was designed to investigate the clinical roles of singly spliced HBV-RNA. Liver biopsy tissues obtained from 32 consecutive patients were subjected to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for the detection of singly spliced and unspliced HBV-RNA. Stepwise linear regression model was used to estimate the ratio of singly spliced to unspliced (S/US) HBV-RNA in the presence of the following variables: age, gender, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alpha-foetoprotein, status of HBV e antigen (HBeAg), status of antibody to HBeAg, HBV-DNA, histology activity index (HAI), fibrotic score, grade of cytoplasmic HBV core antigen (HBcAg), grade of nuclear HBcAg, genotype, status of precore-stop-mutation, basal core promoter mutation, previous lamivudine therapy and superinfection by other hepatitis viruses. The results showed that HAI (beta = -0.2616; P = 0.011) and grade of nuclear HBcAg expression (beta = 0.5599; P =0.0067) were two independent predictors for the expression of singly spliced HBV-RNA. Further categorical analysis showed that patients with HAI score <or=6 and grading of nuclear HBcAg >or=2 have significantly higher S/US ratios. In conclusion, nuclear HBcAg and HAI are two independent predictors for the expression of singly spliced HBV-RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-S Sheen
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
The diagnosis of acute renal infarction (ARI) is often delayed or unrecognised because of its non-specific presentation and the rarity of the disease. We evaluated the clinical presentations, laboratory findings, underlying medical conditions and treatment of 18 Chinese patients with ARI who presented to the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary teaching hospital from 1995 to 2004. We identified 14 non-trauma and four trauma patients with ARI. The mean duration from the onset of symptoms to the diagnosis of ARI was 1.9 days. The prevalence of concurrent events was 39%. About 64.5% of non-trauma patients had histories of atrial fibrillation, structural heart diseases or previous embolic events. The laboratory characteristics were neither specific nor sensitive for the diagnosis of ARI. Conservative treatment, local intra-arterial thrombolytic and i.v. thrombolytic therapies were provided in nine, five and two patients respectively. Decreased effective renal plasma flow in affected kidneys was found in three of three patients. Serum creatinine (Cr) was normal or elevated not more than 25% of baseline in 16 cases. ARI may resemble many non-renal diseases; however, repeated evaluation and a high index of suspicion are required for early diagnosis. Concurrent injuries or thromboembolism in other foci should be noticed. Early contrast-enhanced computerized tomography scan should be considered for high-risk patients. Patients with ARI should be followed by functional studies rather than serum Cr level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tsai SH, Hsu CW, Chu SJ, Shih JL. The great fortune of misfortune. Arch Emerg Med 2006; 23:958. [PMID: 17130614 PMCID: PMC2564269 DOI: 10.1136/emj.2006.034611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S-H Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cheng TW, Hsu CW. A study of silicon carbide synthesis from waste serpentine. Chemosphere 2006; 64:510-4. [PMID: 16405956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Revised: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/02/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
There are 60000 tons of serpentine wastes produced in year 2004 in Taiwan. This is due to the well-developed joints in the serpentine ore body as well as the stringent requirements of the particle size and chemical composition of serpentine by iron making company. The waste also creates considerable environmental problems. The purpose of this study is reutilization of waste serpentine to produce a high value silica powder after acid leaching. These siliceous microstructure products obtained from serpentine would be responsible for high reactivity and characteristic molecular sieving effect. In this study, the amorphous silica powder was then synthesized to silicon carbide with the C/SiO(2) molar ratio of 3. The experiment results show that silicon carbide can be synthesized in 1550 degrees C. The formed silicon carbide was whisker beta type SiC which can be used as raw materials for industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Cheng
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chen YC, Tian YC, Liu NJ, Ho YP, Yang C, Chu YY, Chen PC, Fang JT, Hsu CW, Yang CW, Tsai MH. Prospective cohort study comparing sequential organ failure assessment and acute physiology, age, chronic health evaluation III scoring systems for hospital mortality prediction in critically ill cirrhotic patients. Int J Clin Pract 2006; 60:160-6. [PMID: 16451287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2005.00634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and acute physiology, age, chronic health evaluation III (APACHE III) scoring systems obtained on the first day of intensive care unit (ICU) admission in predicting hospital mortality in critically ill cirrhotic patients. The study enrolled 102 cirrhotic patients consecutively admitted to ICU during a 1-year period. Twenty-five demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were analysed as predicators of survival. Information considered necessary to calculate the Child-Pugh, SOFA and APACHE III scores on the first day of ICU admission was also gathered. Overall hospital mortality was 68.6%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that mean arterial pressure, SOFA and APACHE III scores were significantly related to prognosis. Goodness-of-fit was good for the SOFA and APACHE III models. Both predictive models displayed a similar degree of the best Youden index (0.68) and overall correctness (84%) of prediction. The SOFA and APACHE III models displayed good areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (0.917 +/- 0.028 and 0.912 +/- 0.029, respectively). Finally, a strong and significant positive correlation exists between SOFA and APACHE III scores for individual patients (r(2) = 0.628, p < 0.001). This investigation confirms the grave prognosis for cirrhotic patients admitted to ICU. Both SOFA and APACHE III scores are excellent tools to predict the hospital mortality in critically ill cirrhotic patients. The overall predictive accuracy of SOFA and APACHE III is superior to that of Child-Pugh system. The role of these scoring systems in describing the dynamic aspects of clinical courses and allocating ICU resources needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Chen
- Division of Critical Care Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in Taiwan in 2003. SARS complicated with rhabdomyolysis has rarely been reported. This study reported three cases of rhabdomyolysis developing during the clinical course of SARS. Thirty probable SARS patients were admitted to the isolation wards at Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 4 April and 4 June 2003. Thirty patients, including four men and 26 women aged from 12 to 87 years (mean age 40). Eleven (36.7%) patients had respiratory failure and required mechanical ventilation with paralytic therapy; three (10%) patients had rhabdomyolysis complicated with acute renal failure and one received haemodialysis; four (13.3%) patients died. Three cases with rhabdomyolysis all received sedative and paralytic therapy for mechanical ventilation. Haemodialysis was performed on one patient. Two patients died from multiple organ failure, and one patient fully recovered from rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure. SARS is a serious respiratory illness, and its aetiology is a novel coronavirus. Rhabdomyolysis resulting from SARS virus infection was strongly suspected. Immobilisation under paralytic therapy and steroids may also be important in developing rhabdomyolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-L Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
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Lin SM, Lin CJ, Lin CC, Hsu CW, Chen YC. Randomised controlled trial comparing percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation, percutaneous ethanol injection, and percutaneous acetic acid injection to treat hepatocellular carcinoma of 3 cm or less. Gut 2005; 54:1151-6. [PMID: 16009687 PMCID: PMC1774888 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2004.045203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFTA), percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), and percutaneous acetic acid injection (PAI) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 187 patients with HCCs of 3 cm or less were randomly assigned to RFTA (n = 62), PEI (n = 62), or PAI (n = 63). Tumour recurrence and survival rates were assessed. RESULTS One, two, and three year local recurrence rates were 10%, 14%, and 14% in the RFTA group, 16%, 34%, and 34% in the PEI group, and 14%, 31%, and 31% in the PAI group (RFTA v PEI, p = 0.012; RFTA v PAI, p = 0.017). One, two, and three year survival rates were 93%, 81%, and 74% in the RFTA group, 88%, 66%, and 51% in the PEI group, and 90%, 67%, and 53% in the PAI group (RFTA v PEI, p = 0.031; RFTA v PAI, p = 0.038). One, two, and three year cancer free survival rates were 74%, 60%, and 43% in the RFTA group, 70%, 41%, and 21% in the PEI group, and 71%, 43%, and 23% in the PAI group (RFTA v PEI, p = 0.038; RFTA v PAI, p = 0.041). Tumour size, tumour differentiation, and treatment methods (RFTA v PEI and PAI) were significant factors for local recurrence, overall survival, and cancer free survival. Major complications occurred in 4.8% of patients (two with haemothorax, one gastric perforation) in the RFTA group and in none in two other groups (RFTA v PEI and PAI, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS RFTA was superior to PEI and PAI with respect to local recurrence, overall survival, and cancer free survival rates, but RFTA also caused more major complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Lin
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, 199 Tung Hwa North Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chen YC, Tsai MH, Ho YP, Hsu CW, Lin HH, Fang JT, Huang CC, Chen PC. Comparison of the severity of illness scoring systems for critically ill cirrhotic patients with renal failure. Clin Nephrol 2005; 61:111-8. [PMID: 14989630 DOI: 10.5414/cnp61111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality rates of cirrhotic patients with renal failure admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) are high. End-stage liver disease is frequently complicated by disturbances of renal function. This investigation is aimed to compare the predicting ability of acute physiology, age, chronic health evaluation II and III (APACHE II and III), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), and Child-Pugh scoring systems, obtained on the first day of ICU admission, for hospital mortality in critically ill cirrhotic patients with renal failure. METHODS Sixty-seven patients with liver cirrhosis and renal failure were admitted to ICU from April 2001-March 2002. Information considered necessary for computing the Child-Pugh, SOFA, APACHE II and APACHE III score on the first day of ICU admission was prospectively collected. RESULTS The overall hospital mortality rate was 86.6%. Liver disease was most commonly attributed to hepatitis B viral infection. The development of renal failure was associated with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding. Goodness-of-fit was good for SOFA, APACHE II and APACHE III scores. The APACHE III and SOFA models reported good areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (0.878 +/- 0.050 and 0.868 +/- 0.051, respectively). CONCLUSION Renal failure is common in critically ill patients with cirrhosis. The prognosis for cirrhotic patients with renal failure is poor. APACHE III and SOFA showed excellent discrimination power in this group of patients. They are superior to APACHE II and Child-Pugh scores in this homogenous group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chen
- Division of Critical Care Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
This research describes dispersion of organic pigments using supercritical fluids. With low surface tension and high diffusivity of fluids in supercritical states, aggregated particles may be effectively wetted and swelled to form the primary constituent of the dispersing solution by volume. In this paper, the conditions of temperature and pressure are used to control the density of supercritical carbon dioxide subject to PGMEA as cosolvent for dispersing organic powder in a solution. As shown from measurement with a laser scattering particle analyzer, the average diameter of phthalocyanine green 36 with the haloid structure can be significantly reduced to 93.5 nm; for aminoanthraquinone red containing and amino group (-NH(2)) and phthalocyanine blue 15:6 with symmetry benzene and inner hydrogen bond, the mean particle sizes are 178.5 and 188.7 nm, respectively, using supercritical CO(2). Additionally, the transmittance of UV light is used to confirm the dispersing performance in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Dhara S, Chandra S, Magudapathy P, Kalavathi S, Panigrahi BK, Nair KGM, Sastry VS, Hsu CW, Wu CT, Chen KH, Chen LC. Blue luminescence of Au nanoclusters embedded in silica matrix. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:12595-9. [PMID: 15606282 DOI: 10.1063/1.1814939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoluminescence study using the 325 nm He-Cd excitation is reported for the Au nanoclusters embedded in SiO(2) matrix. Au clusters are grown by ion beam mixing with 100 KeV Ar(+) irradiation on Au [40 nm]/SiO(2) at various fluences and subsequent annealing at high temperature. The blue bands above approximately 3 eV match closely with reported values for colloidal Au nanoclusters and supported Au nanoislands. Radiative recombination of sp electrons above Fermi level to occupied d-band holes are assigned for observed luminescence peaks. Peaks at 3.1 and 3.4 eV are correlated to energy gaps at the X- and L-symmetry points, respectively, with possible involvement of relaxation mechanism. The blueshift of peak positions at 3.4 eV with decreasing cluster size is reported to be due to the compressive strain in small clusters. A first principle calculation based on density functional theory using the full potential linear augmented plane wave plus local orbitals formalism with generalized gradient approximation for the exchange correlation energy is used to estimate the band gaps at the X- and L-symmetry points by calculating the band structures and joint density of states for different strain values in order to explain the blueshift of approximately 0.1 eV with decreasing cluster size around L-symmetry point.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dhara
- Materials Science Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India.
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50
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Lee SW, Fang TJ, Hsu CW, Li HY. Bronchial entrapment of a chicken bone for 14 years. Int J Clin Pract 2003; 57:914-5. [PMID: 14712897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged airway entrapment of a foreign body is a rare occurrence. We report a case of a chicken bone retained in the right main bronchus for 14 years and highlight the importance of a foreign body in the airway in the differential diagnosis of chronic and intractable cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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