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Guard M, Labonte AK, Mendoza M, Myers MJ, Duncan M, Drysdale AT, Mukherji E, Rahman T, Tandon M, Kelly JC, Cooke E, Rogers CE, Lenze S, Sylvester CM. Brexanolone Treatment in a Real-World Patient Population: A Case Series and Pilot Feasibility Study of Precision Neuroimaging. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 44:240-249. [PMID: 38551454 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE/BACKGROUND Brexanolone is approved for postpartum depression (PPD) by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Brexanolone has outperformed placebo in clinical trials, but less is known about the efficacy in real-world patients with complex social and medical histories. Furthermore, the impact of brexanolone on large-scale brain systems such as changes in functional connectivity (FC) is unknown. METHODS/PROCEDURES We tracked changes in depressive symptoms across a diverse group of patients who received brexanolone at a large medical center. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores were collected through chart review for 17 patients immediately prior to infusion through approximately 1 year postinfusion. In 2 participants, we performed precision functional neuroimaging (pfMRI), including before and after treatment in 1 patient. pfMRI collects many hours of data in individuals for precision medicine applications and was performed to assess the feasibility of investigating changes in FC with brexanolone. FINDINGS/RESULTS The mean EPDS score immediately postinfusion was significantly lower than the mean preinfusion score (mean change [95% CI]: 10.76 [7.11-14.40], t (15) = 6.29, P < 0.0001). The mean EPDS score stayed significantly lower at 1 week (mean difference [95% CI]: 9.50 [5.23-13.76], t (11) = 4.90, P = 0.0005) and 3 months (mean difference [95% CI]: 9.99 [4.71-15.27], t (6) = 4.63, P = 0.0036) postinfusion. Widespread changes in FC followed infusion, which correlated with EPDS scores. IMPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS Brexanolone is a successful treatment for PPD in the clinical setting. In conjunction with routine clinical care, brexanolone was linked to a reduction in symptoms lasting at least 3 months. pfMRI is feasible in postpartum patients receiving brexanolone and has the potential to elucidate individual-specific mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyssa K Labonte
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Molly Mendoza
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Michael J Myers
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Maida Duncan
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Andrew T Drysdale
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Emily Mukherji
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Tahir Rahman
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Mini Tandon
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Jeannie C Kelly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Emily Cooke
- Department of Pharmacy, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis, MO
| | | | - Shannon Lenze
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
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Camacho MC, Balser DH, Furtado EJ, Rogers CE, Schwarzlose RF, Sylvester CM, Barch DM. Higher Intersubject Variability in Neural Response to Narrative Social Stimuli Among Youth With Higher Social Anxiety. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:549-560. [PMID: 38070872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social anxiety is associated with alterations in socioemotional processing, but the pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Movies present an opportunity to examine more naturalistic socioemotional processing by providing narrative and sensory context to emotion cues. This study aimed to characterize associations between neural response to contextualized social cues and social anxiety symptoms in children. METHOD Data from the Healthy Brain Network (final N = 740; age range 5-15 years) were split into discovery and replication samples to maximize generalizability of findings. Associations of parent- and self-reported social anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety-related Emotional Disorders) with mean differences and person-to-person variability in functional magnetic resonance imaging-measured activation to 2 emotionally dynamic movies were characterized. RESULTS Though no evidence was found to indicate social anxiety symptoms were associated with mean differences in neural activity to emotional content (fit Spearman rs < 0.09), children with high social anxiety symptoms had higher intersubject activation variability in the posterior cingulate, supramarginal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus (Bonferroni familywise error-corrected ps < .05)-regions associated with attention, alertness, and emotion cue processing. Identified regions varied by age group and informant. Across ages, these effects were enhanced for scenes containing greater sensory intensity (brighter, louder, more motion, more vibrance). CONCLUSION These results provide evidence that children with high social anxiety symptoms show high person-to-person variability in the neural processing of sensory aspects of emotional content. These data indicate that children with high social anxiety may require personalized interventions for sensory and emotional difficulties, as the underlying neurology differs from child to child. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper received support from a program designed to increase minority representation in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list.
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Perino MT, Sylvester CM, Rogers CE, Luby JL, Barch DM. Neighborhood Resource Deprivation as a Predictor of Bullying Perpetration and Resource-Driven Conduct Symptoms. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)00137-0. [PMID: 38522614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resource deprivation is linked to systemic factors that disproportionately impact historically marginalized communities, and theoretical work suggests that resource deprivation may increase risk for bullying behaviors. Bullying perpetration is an intransigent social problem and an early risk factor that perpetuates the school-to-prison pipeline. This study explored how resource deprivation (family- and neighborhood-level metrics) was associated with early childhood bullying behaviors and clinician-rated symptoms of psychopathology, while accounting for other known risk factors (early life stressors, traumatic events, parental arrest, domestic violence). METHOD Participants (306 children, mean age = 4.45 years) were enrolled in a longitudinal study (Preschool Depression Study) where demographics, clinician-rated assessments of psychopathology, and parent reports of social functioning were collected. Measures of bullying behaviors (bullying perpetration, generalized aggression, and victimization) were constructed. A cross-sectional approach was employed, and analyses examined the interrelations between race, bullying-related behaviors, resource deprivation, and psychopathology, while accounting for confounding variables, at the baseline assessment time point. RESULTS The bullying measure showed acceptable model fit (comparative fit index = 0.956, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.945, root mean square error of approximation = 0.061, standardized root mean residual = 0.052, normed χ2 ratio = 2). Neighborhood resource deprivation was more strongly associated with bullying perpetration (r = 0.324, p < .001) than generalized aggression (r = 0.236, Williams t303 = 2.11, p = .036) and remained significant when controlling for other known risk factors (parental arrests, domestic violence, stressors, traumas) and demographic factors. Bullying perpetration was linked with racial category, but the relation was fully mediated by neighborhood resource deprivation. Linear regression including bullying behaviors and symptoms of clinical psychopathology suggested that resource deprivation specifically led to increases in bullying perpetration (t = 2.831, p = .005) and clinician-rated symptoms of conduct disorder (t = 2.827, p = .005), which were attributable to increased rates of resource-driven conduct symptoms (bullies, lies to obtain goods, stolen without confrontation). CONCLUSION Resource deprivation is strongly and specifically associated with increases in bullying perpetration. Children growing up in impoverished neighborhoods show significant increases in resource-driven conduct behaviors, yet interventions often target individual-level factors. These results highlight the need to target social inequity to reduce bullying perpetration and suggest that interventions targeting neighborhoods should be tested to reduce bullying in early childhood. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. One or more of the authors of this paper received support from a program designed to increase minority representation in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as living with a disability. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Perino
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joan L Luby
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Perino MT, Harper-Lednicky JC, Vogel AC, Sylvester CM, Barch DM, Luby JL. Social anxiety moderates the association between adolescent irritability and bully perpetration. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38476047 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary work suggests anxiety moderates the relationship between irritability and bullying. As anxiety increases, the link between irritability and perpetration decreases. We hypothesize that any moderation effect of anxiety is driven by social anxiety symptoms. We sought to explicate the moderating effect of anxiety, while clarifying relations to other aggressive behaviors. METHODS A sample of adolescents (n = 169, mean = 12.42 years of age) were assessed using clinician rated assessments of anxiety, parent reports of irritability and bullying behaviors (perpetration, generalized aggression, and victimization). Correlations assessed zero-order relations between variables, and regression-based moderation analyses were used to test interactions. Johnson-Neyman methods were used to represent significant interactions. RESULTS Irritability was significantly related to bullying (r = .403, p < .001). Social, but not generalized, anxiety symptoms significantly moderated the effect of irritability on bully perpetration (t(160) = -2.94, b = -.01, p = .0038, ΔR2 = .0229, F(1, 160) = 8.635). As social anxiety symptoms increase, the link between irritability and perpetration decreases. CONCLUSIONS Understanding how psychopathology interacts with social behaviors is of great importance. Higher social anxiety is linked to reduced relations between irritability and bullying; however, the link between irritability and other aggression remains positive. Comprehensively assessing how treatment of psychopathology impacts social behaviors may improve future intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Perino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Alecia C Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Myers MJ, Labonte AK, Gordon EM, Laumann TO, Tu JC, Wheelock MD, Nielsen AN, Schwarzlose RF, Camacho MC, Alexopoulos D, Warner BB, Raghuraman N, Luby JL, Barch DM, Fair DA, Petersen SE, Rogers CE, Smyser CD, Sylvester CM. Functional parcellation of the neonatal cortical surface. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae047. [PMID: 38372292 PMCID: PMC10875653 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is organized into distinct but interconnected cortical areas, which can be defined by abrupt differences in patterns of resting state functional connectivity (FC) across the cortical surface. Such parcellations of the cortex have been derived in adults and older infants, but there is no widely used surface parcellation available for the neonatal brain. Here, we first demonstrate that existing parcellations, including surface-based parcels derived from older samples as well as volume-based neonatal parcels, are a poor fit for neonatal surface data. We next derive a set of 283 cortical surface parcels from a sample of n = 261 neonates. These parcels have highly homogenous FC patterns and are validated using three external neonatal datasets. The Infomap algorithm is used to assign functional network identities to each parcel, and derived networks are consistent with prior work in neonates. The proposed parcellation may represent neonatal cortical areas and provides a powerful tool for neonatal neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Alyssa K Labonte
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Evan M Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Jiaxin C Tu
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Muriah D Wheelock
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Ashley N Nielsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Rebecca F Schwarzlose
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - M Catalina Camacho
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Dimitrios Alexopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Barbara B Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Nandini Raghuraman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
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Sylvester CM, Luby JL, Pine DS. Novel mechanism-based treatments for pediatric anxiety and depressive disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:262-275. [PMID: 37608220 PMCID: PMC10700626 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric anxiety and depressive disorders are common, can be highly impairing, and can persist despite the best available treatments. Here, we review research into novel treatments for childhood anxiety and depressive disorders designed to target underlying cognitive, emotional, and neural circuit mechanisms. We highlight three novel treatments lying along a continuum relating to clinical impact of the disorder and the intensity of clinical management required. We review cognitive training, which involves the lowest risk and may be applicable for problems with mild to moderate impact; psychotherapy, which includes a higher level of clinical involvement and may be sufficient for problems with moderate impact; and brain stimulation, which has the highest potential risks and is therefore most appropriate for problems with high impact. For each treatment, we review the specific underlying cognitive, emotional, and brain circuit mechanisms that are being targeted, whether treatments modify those underlying mechanisms, and efficacy in reducing symptoms. We conclude by highlighting future directions, including the importance of work that leverages developmental windows of high brain plasticity to time interventions to the specific epochs in childhood that have the largest and most enduring life-long impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Sylvester
- Washington University Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Washington University Department of Radiology, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Joan L Luby
- Washington University Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Schwarzlose RF, Filippi CA, Myers MJ, Harper J, Camacho MC, Smyser TA, Rogers CE, Shimony JS, Warner BB, Luby JL, Barch DM, Pine DS, Smyser CD, Fox NA, Sylvester CM. Neonatal neural responses to novelty related to behavioral inhibition at 1 year. Dev Psychol 2023:2024-26488-001. [PMID: 37971828 PMCID: PMC11096262 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral inhibition (BI), an early-life temperament characterized by vigilant responses to novelty, is a risk factor for anxiety disorders. In this study, we investigated whether differences in neonatal brain responses to infrequent auditory stimuli relate to children's BI at 1 year of age. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we collected blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) data from N = 45 full-term, sleeping neonates during an adapted auditory oddball paradigm and measured BI from n = 27 of these children 1 year later using an observational assessment. Whole-brain analyses corrected for multiple comparisons identified 46 neonatal brain regions producing novelty-evoked BOLD responses associated with children's BI scores at 1 year of age. More than half of these regions (n = 24, 52%) were in prefrontal cortex, falling primarily within regions of the default mode or frontoparietal networks or in ventromedial/orbitofrontal regions without network assignments. Hierarchical clustering of the regions based on their patterns of association with BI resulted in two groups with distinct anatomical, network, and response-timing profiles. The first group, located primarily in subcortical and temporal regions, tended to produce larger early oddball responses among infants with lower subsequent BI. The second group, located primarily in prefrontal cortex, produced larger early oddball responses among infants with higher subsequent BI. These results provide preliminary insights into brain regions engaged by novelty in infants that may relate to later BI. The findings may inform understanding of anxiety disorders and guide future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Courtney A Filippi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine
| | - Michael J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Jennifer Harper
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - M Catalina Camacho
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Tara A Smyser
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Barbara B Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience (SDAN), Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health
| | | | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
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Myers MJ, Labonte AK, Gordon EM, Laumann TO, Tu JC, Wheelock MD, Nielsen AN, Schwarzlose R, Camacho MC, Warner BB, Raghuraman N, Luby JL, Barch DM, Fair DA, Petersen SE, Rogers CE, Smyser CD, Sylvester CM. Functional parcellation of the neonatal brain. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.10.566629. [PMID: 37986902 PMCID: PMC10659431 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.566629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is organized into distinct but interconnected cortical areas, which can be defined by abrupt differences in patterns of resting state functional connectivity (FC) across the cortical surface. Such parcellations of the cortex have been derived in adults and older infants, but there is no widely used surface parcellation available for the neonatal brain. Here, we first demonstrate that adult- and older infant-derived parcels are a poor fit with neonatal data, emphasizing the need for neonatal-specific parcels. We next derive a set of 283 cortical surface parcels from a sample of n=261 neonates. These parcels have highly homogenous FC patterns and are validated using three external neonatal datasets. The Infomap algorithm is used to assign functional network identities to each parcel, and derived networks are consistent with prior work in neonates. The proposed parcellation may represent neonatal cortical areas and provides a powerful tool for neonatal neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alyssa K Labonte
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Evan M Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jiaxin Cindy Tu
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Muriah D Wheelock
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Ashley N Nielsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca Schwarzlose
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Catalina Camacho
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Barbara B Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nandini Raghuraman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Moser J, Koirala S, Madison T, Labonte AK, Carrasco CM, Feczko E, Moore LA, Ahmed W, Myers MJ, Yacoub E, Trevo-Clemmens B, Larsen B, Laumann TO, Nelson SM, Vizioli L, Sylvester CM, Fair DA. Multi-echo Acquisition and Thermal Denoising Advances Infant Precision Functional Imaging. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.27.564416. [PMID: 37961636 PMCID: PMC10634909 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.564416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of individual functional brain organization with Precision Functional Mapping has provided important insights in recent years in adults. However, little is known about the ontogeny of inter-individual differences in brain functional organization during human development, but precise characterization of systems organization during periods of high plasticity might be most influential towards discoveries promoting lifelong health. Collecting and analyzing precision fMRI data during early development has unique challenges and emphasizes the importance of novel methods to improve data acquisition, processing, and analysis strategies in infant samples. Here, we investigate the applicability of two such methods from adult MRI research, multi-echo (ME) data acquisition and thermal noise removal with Noise reduction with distribution corrected principal component analysis (NORDIC), in precision fMRI data from three newborn infants. Compared to an adult example subject, T2* relaxation times calculated from ME data in infants were longer and more variable across the brain, pointing towards ME acquisition being a promising tool for optimizing developmental fMRI. The application of thermal denoising via NORDIC increased tSNR and the overall strength of functional connections as well as the split-half reliability of functional connectivity matrices in infant ME data. While our findings related to NORDIC denoising are coherent with the adult literature and ME data acquisition showed high promise, its application in developmental samples needs further investigation. The present work reveals gaps in our understanding of the best techniques for developmental brain imaging and highlights the need for further developmentally-specific methodological advances and optimizations, towards precision functional imaging in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moser
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sanju Koirala
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Madison
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alyssa K Labonte
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Eric Feczko
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lucille A Moore
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Weli Ahmed
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brenden Trevo-Clemmens
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Steven M Nelson
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Luca Vizioli
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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10
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Drysdale AT, Myers MJ, Harper JC, Guard M, Manhart M, Yu Q, Perino MT, Luby JL, Barch DM, Pine DS, Sylvester CM. A Novel Cognitive Training Program Targets Stimulus-Driven Attention to Alter Symptoms, Behavior, and Neural Circuitry in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: Pilot Clinical Trial. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2023; 33:306-315. [PMID: 37669021 PMCID: PMC10616944 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2023.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Pediatric anxiety disorders are associated with increased stimulus-driven attention (SDA), the involuntary capture of attention by salient stimuli. Increased SDA is linked to increased activity in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC), especially in the portion corresponding to the ventral attention network (VAN). In this study, we present a small clinical trial using a novel attention training program designed to treat pediatric anxiety by decreasing SDA and activity in the rVLPFC. Methods: Children ages 8-12 with anxiety disorders (n = 18) participated in eight sessions of attention training over a 4-week period. At baseline and after completing training, participants completed clinical anxiety measures and a battery of cognitive tasks designed to measure three different aspects of attention: SDA, goal-oriented attention, and threat bias. A subset of participants (n = 12) underwent baseline and post-training neuroimaging while engaged in an SDA task. Brain analyses focused on activity within the rVLPFC. Results: Parent (p < 0.001)-, child (p < 0.002)-, and clinician-rated (p < 0.02) anxiety improved significantly over the course of training. Training significantly altered SDA [F(1,92) = 8.88, corrected p-value (pcor) < 0.012, uncorrected p-value (puncor) < 0.004]. Anxiety improvement correlated with improvements in goal-directed attention [r(10) = 0.60, pcor < 0.12 puncor < 0.04]. Within an area of the rVLPFC corresponding to the cingulo-opercular network (CON), there was a main effect of training [F(1,20) = 6.75, pcor < 0.16, puncor < 0.02], with decreasing signal across training. There was a significant interaction between training and anxiety on this region's activity [F(1,20) = 9.48, pcor < 0.048, puncor < 0.006]. Post hoc testing revealed that post-training activity within this CON area correlated with residual anxiety [r(10) = 0.68, p < 0.02]. Conclusions: SDA and rVLPFC neural activity may be novel therapeutic targets in pediatric anxiety. After undergoing a training paradigm aimed at modifying this aspect of attention and its underlying neural circuitry, patients showed lower anxiety, changes in SDA and goal-oriented attention, and decreased activity in the CON portion of the rVLPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Drysdale
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael J. Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Harper
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Meg Guard
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Megan Manhart
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Qiongru Yu
- Department of Psychology and San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael T. Perino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joan L. Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chad M. Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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11
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Camacho MC, Nielsen AN, Balser D, Furtado E, Steinberger DC, Fruchtman L, Culver JP, Sylvester CM, Barch DM. Author Correction: Large-scale encoding of emotion concepts becomes increasingly similar between individuals from childhood to adolescence. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1651. [PMID: 37501004 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Catalina Camacho
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Ashley N Nielsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dori Balser
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emily Furtado
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David C Steinberger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leah Fruchtman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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12
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Camacho MC, Nielsen AN, Balser D, Furtado E, Steinberger DC, Fruchtman L, Culver JP, Sylvester CM, Barch DM. Large-scale encoding of emotion concepts becomes increasingly similar between individuals from childhood to adolescence. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1256-1266. [PMID: 37291338 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Humans require a shared conceptualization of others' emotions for adaptive social functioning. A concept is a mental blueprint that gives our brains parameters for predicting what will happen next. Emotion concepts undergo refinement with development, but it is not known whether their neural representations change in parallel. Here, in a sample of 5-15-year-old children (n = 823), we show that the brain represents different emotion concepts distinctly throughout the cortex, cerebellum and caudate. Patterns of activation to each emotion changed little across development. Using a model-free approach, we show that activation patterns were more similar between older children than between younger children. Moreover, scenes that required inferring negative emotional states elicited higher default mode network activation similarity in older children than younger children. These results suggest that representations of emotion concepts are relatively stable by mid to late childhood and synchronize between individuals during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catalina Camacho
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Ashley N Nielsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dori Balser
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emily Furtado
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David C Steinberger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leah Fruchtman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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13
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Nielsen AN, Graham AM, Sylvester CM. Baby Brains at Work: How Task-Based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Can Illuminate the Early Emergence of Psychiatric Risk. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:880-892. [PMID: 36935330 PMCID: PMC10149573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are complex, often emerging from multiple atypical processes within specified domains over the course of development. Characterizing the development of the neural circuits supporting these domains may help break down the components of complex disorders and reveal variations in functioning associated with psychiatric risk. This review highlights the current and potential role of infant task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in elucidating the developmental neurobiology of psychiatric disorders. Task-fMRI measures evoked brain activity in response to specific stimuli through changes in the blood oxygen level-dependent signal. First, we review extant studies using task fMRI from birth through the first few years of life and synthesize current evidence for when, where, and how different neural computations are performed across the infant brain. Neural circuits for sensory perception, the perception of abstract categories, and the detection of statistical regularities have been characterized with task fMRI in infants, providing developmental context for identifying and interpreting variation in the functioning of neural circuits related to psychiatric risk. Next, we discuss studies that specifically examine variation in the functioning of these neural circuits during infancy in relation to risk for psychiatric disorders. These studies reveal when maturation of specific neural circuits diverges, the influence of environmental risk factors, and the potential utility for task fMRI to facilitate early treatment or prevention of later psychiatric problems. Finally, we provide considerations for future infant task-fMRI studies with the potential to advance understanding of both functioning of neural circuits during infancy and subsequent risk for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Alice M Graham
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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14
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Gordon EM, Chauvin RJ, Van AN, Rajesh A, Nielsen A, Newbold DJ, Lynch CJ, Seider NA, Krimmel SR, Scheidter KM, Monk J, Miller RL, Metoki A, Montez DF, Zheng A, Elbau I, Madison T, Nishino T, Myers MJ, Kaplan S, Badke D'Andrea C, Demeter DV, Feigelis M, Ramirez JSB, Xu T, Barch DM, Smyser CD, Rogers CE, Zimmermann J, Botteron KN, Pruett JR, Willie JT, Brunner P, Shimony JS, Kay BP, Marek S, Norris SA, Gratton C, Sylvester CM, Power JD, Liston C, Greene DJ, Roland JL, Petersen SE, Raichle ME, Laumann TO, Fair DA, Dosenbach NUF. A somato-cognitive action network alternates with effector regions in motor cortex. Nature 2023; 617:351-359. [PMID: 37076628 PMCID: PMC10172144 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Motor cortex (M1) has been thought to form a continuous somatotopic homunculus extending down the precentral gyrus from foot to face representations1,2, despite evidence for concentric functional zones3 and maps of complex actions4. Here, using precision functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods, we find that the classic homunculus is interrupted by regions with distinct connectivity, structure and function, alternating with effector-specific (foot, hand and mouth) areas. These inter-effector regions exhibit decreased cortical thickness and strong functional connectivity to each other, as well as to the cingulo-opercular network (CON), critical for action5 and physiological control6, arousal7, errors8 and pain9. This interdigitation of action control-linked and motor effector regions was verified in the three largest fMRI datasets. Macaque and pediatric (newborn, infant and child) precision fMRI suggested cross-species homologues and developmental precursors of the inter-effector system. A battery of motor and action fMRI tasks documented concentric effector somatotopies, separated by the CON-linked inter-effector regions. The inter-effectors lacked movement specificity and co-activated during action planning (coordination of hands and feet) and axial body movement (such as of the abdomen or eyebrows). These results, together with previous studies demonstrating stimulation-evoked complex actions4 and connectivity to internal organs10 such as the adrenal medulla, suggest that M1 is punctuated by a system for whole-body action planning, the somato-cognitive action network (SCAN). In M1, two parallel systems intertwine, forming an integrate-isolate pattern: effector-specific regions (foot, hand and mouth) for isolating fine motor control and the SCAN for integrating goals, physiology and body movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Gordon
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Roselyne J Chauvin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aishwarya Rajesh
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ashley Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dillan J Newbold
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles J Lynch
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole A Seider
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel R Krimmel
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristen M Scheidter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julia Monk
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryland L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Athanasia Metoki
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David F Montez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annie Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Immanuel Elbau
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Madison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Nishino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sydney Kaplan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carolina Badke D'Andrea
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Damion V Demeter
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Feigelis
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julian S B Ramirez
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jan Zimmermann
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kelly N Botteron
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - John R Pruett
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jon T Willie
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter Brunner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin P Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott Marek
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott A Norris
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Caterina Gratton
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan D Power
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Conor Liston
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jarod L Roland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
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15
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Nielsen AN, Kaplan S, Meyer D, Alexopoulos D, Kenley JK, Smyser TA, Wakschlag LS, Norton ES, Raghuraman N, Warner BB, Shimony JS, Luby JL, Neil JJ, Petersen SE, Barch DM, Rogers CE, Sylvester CM, Smyser CD. Maturation of large-scale brain systems over the first month of life. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2788-2803. [PMID: 35750056 PMCID: PMC10016041 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The period immediately after birth is a critical developmental window, capturing rapid maturation of brain structure and a child's earliest experiences. Large-scale brain systems are present at delivery, but how these brain systems mature during this narrow window (i.e. first weeks of life) marked by heightened neuroplasticity remains uncharted. Using multivariate pattern classification techniques and functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging, we detected robust differences in brain systems related to age in newborns (n = 262; R2 = 0.51). Development over the first month of life occurred brain-wide, but differed and was more pronounced in brain systems previously characterized as developing early (i.e. sensorimotor networks) than in those characterized as developing late (i.e. association networks). The cingulo-opercular network was the only exception to this organizing principle, illuminating its early role in brain development. This study represents a step towards a normative brain "growth curve" that could be used to identify atypical brain maturation in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Nielsen
- Corresponding author: 660 S. Euclid, Campus Box 8511, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States.
| | - Sydney Kaplan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dominique Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dimitrios Alexopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jeanette K Kenley
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tara A Smyser
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Institute for Innovations and Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Norton
- Institute for Innovations and Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Nandini Raghuraman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Barbara B Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jeffery J Neil
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 420 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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16
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Groenewold NA, Bas-Hoogendam JM, Amod AR, Laansma MA, Van Velzen LS, Aghajani M, Hilbert K, Oh H, Salas R, Jackowski AP, Pan PM, Salum GA, Blair JR, Blair KS, Hirsch J, Pantazatos SP, Schneier FR, Talati A, Roelofs K, Volman I, Blanco-Hinojo L, Cardoner N, Pujol J, Beesdo-Baum K, Ching CRK, Thomopoulos SI, Jansen A, Kircher T, Krug A, Nenadić I, Stein F, Dannlowski U, Grotegerd D, Lemke H, Meinert S, Winter A, Erb M, Kreifelts B, Gong Q, Lui S, Zhu F, Mwangi B, Soares JC, Wu MJ, Bayram A, Canli M, Tükel R, Westenberg PM, Heeren A, Cremers HR, Hofmann D, Straube T, Doruyter AGG, Lochner C, Peterburs J, Van Tol MJ, Gur RE, Kaczkurkin AN, Larsen B, Satterthwaite TD, Filippi CA, Gold AL, Harrewijn A, Zugman A, Bülow R, Grabe HJ, Völzke H, Wittfeld K, Böhnlein J, Dohm K, Kugel H, Schrammen E, Zwanzger P, Leehr EJ, Sindermann L, Ball TM, Fonzo GA, Paulus MP, Simmons A, Stein MB, Klumpp H, Phan KL, Furmark T, Månsson KNT, Manzouri A, Avery SN, Blackford JU, Clauss JA, Feola B, Harper JC, Sylvester CM, Lueken U, Veltman DJ, Winkler AM, Jahanshad N, Pine DS, Thompson PM, Stein DJ, Van der Wee NJA. Volume of subcortical brain regions in social anxiety disorder: mega-analytic results from 37 samples in the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1079-1089. [PMID: 36653677 PMCID: PMC10804423 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There is limited convergence in neuroimaging investigations into volumes of subcortical brain regions in social anxiety disorder (SAD). The inconsistent findings may arise from variations in methodological approaches across studies, including sample selection based on age and clinical characteristics. The ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group initiated a global mega-analysis to determine whether differences in subcortical volumes can be detected in adults and adolescents with SAD relative to healthy controls. Volumetric data from 37 international samples with 1115 SAD patients and 2775 controls were obtained from ENIGMA-standardized protocols for image segmentation and quality assurance. Linear mixed-effects analyses were adjusted for comparisons across seven subcortical regions in each hemisphere using family-wise error (FWE)-correction. Mixed-effects d effect sizes were calculated. In the full sample, SAD patients showed smaller bilateral putamen volume than controls (left: d = -0.077, pFWE = 0.037; right: d = -0.104, pFWE = 0.001), and a significant interaction between SAD and age was found for the left putamen (r = -0.034, pFWE = 0.045). Smaller bilateral putamen volumes (left: d = -0.141, pFWE < 0.001; right: d = -0.158, pFWE < 0.001) and larger bilateral pallidum volumes (left: d = 0.129, pFWE = 0.006; right: d = 0.099, pFWE = 0.046) were detected in adult SAD patients relative to controls, but no volumetric differences were apparent in adolescent SAD patients relative to controls. Comorbid anxiety disorders and age of SAD onset were additional determinants of SAD-related volumetric differences in subcortical regions. To conclude, subtle volumetric alterations in subcortical regions in SAD were detected. Heterogeneity in age and clinical characteristics may partly explain inconsistencies in previous findings. The association between alterations in subcortical volumes and SAD illness progression deserves further investigation, especially from adolescence into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynke A Groenewold
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- South African Medical Research Council (SA-MRC) Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Janna Marie Bas-Hoogendam
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alyssa R Amod
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Max A Laansma
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura S Van Velzen
- Orygen & Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Leiden University, Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kevin Hilbert
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hyuntaek Oh
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramiro Salas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea P Jackowski
- LiNC, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Pan
- LiNC, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanni A Salum
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - James R Blair
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina S Blair
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Joy Hirsch
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Spiro P Pantazatos
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Franklin R Schneier
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ardesheer Talati
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karin Roelofs
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Inge Volman
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Blanco-Hinojo
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital Parc Taulí-I3PT, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katja Beesdo-Baum
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psycholog and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah Lemke
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexandra Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Erb
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kreifelts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jair C Soares
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mon-Ju Wu
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali Bayram
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Canli
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Raşit Tükel
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - P Michiel Westenberg
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Heeren
- Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Henk R Cremers
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David Hofmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Christine Lochner
- SA-MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Institute of Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie-José Van Tol
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Courtney A Filippi
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea L Gold
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anita Harrewijn
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - André Zugman
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joscha Böhnlein
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Kugel
- University Clinic for Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schrammen
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Zwanzger
- KBO-Inn-Salzach-Klinikum, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lisa Sindermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tali M Ball
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gregory A Fonzo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Alan Simmons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- Departments of Psychiatry & School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Heide Klumpp
- Departments of Psychology & Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tomas Furmark
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Suzanne N Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Brandee Feola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ulrike Lueken
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location VUMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Dan J Stein
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SA-MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nic J A Van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands
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17
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Sylvester CM, Kaplan S, Myers MJ, Gordon EM, Schwarzlose RF, Alexopoulos D, Nielsen AN, Kenley JK, Meyer D, Yu Q, Graham AM, Fair DA, Warner BB, Barch DM, Rogers CE, Luby JL, Petersen SE, Smyser CD. Network-specific selectivity of functional connections in the neonatal brain. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2200-2214. [PMID: 35595540 PMCID: PMC9977389 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult human brain is organized into functional brain networks, groups of functionally connected segregated brain regions. A key feature of adult functional networks is long-range selectivity, the property that spatially distant regions from the same network have higher functional connectivity than spatially distant regions from different networks. Although it is critical to establish the status of functional networks and long-range selectivity during the neonatal period as a foundation for typical and atypical brain development, prior work in this area has been mixed. Although some studies report distributed adult-like networks, other studies suggest that neonatal networks are immature and consist primarily of spatially isolated regions. Using a large sample of neonates (n = 262), we demonstrate that neonates have long-range selective functional connections for the default mode, fronto-parietal, and dorsal attention networks. An adult-like pattern of functional brain networks is evident in neonates when network-detection algorithms are tuned to these long-range connections, when using surface-based registration (versus volume-based registration), and as per-subject data quantity increases. These results help clarify factors that have led to prior mixed results, establish that key adult-like functional network features are evident in neonates, and provide a foundation for studies of typical and atypical brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sydney Kaplan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Evan M Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rebecca F Schwarzlose
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dimitrios Alexopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ashley N Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeanette K Kenley
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dominique Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qiongru Yu
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Alice M Graham
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Department of Pediatrics, and Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 2025 E. River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Barbara B Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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18
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Abstract
Background: Methods: Results: Conclusions:
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Tommy Baumel
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Correspondence to: University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA. (W.T. Baumel)
| | - Lu Lu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Andrew T. Drysdale
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - John A. Sweeny
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chad M. Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Strawn
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Bas‐Hoogendam JM, Groenewold NA, Aghajani M, Freitag GF, Harrewijn A, Hilbert K, Jahanshad N, Thomopoulos SI, Thompson PM, Veltman DJ, Winkler AM, Lueken U, Pine DS, Wee NJA, Stein DJ, Agosta F, Åhs F, An I, Alberton BAV, Andreescu C, Asami T, Assaf M, Avery SN, Nicholas L, Balderston, Barber JP, Battaglia M, Bayram A, Beesdo‐Baum K, Benedetti F, Berta R, Björkstrand J, Blackford JU, Blair JR, Karina S, Blair, Boehme S, Brambilla P, Burkhouse K, Cano M, Canu E, Cardinale EM, Cardoner N, Clauss JA, Cividini C, Critchley HD, Udo, Dannlowski, Deckert J, Demiralp T, Diefenbach GJ, Domschke K, Doruyter A, Dresler T, Erhardt A, Fallgatter AJ, Fañanás L, Brandee, Feola, Filippi CA, Filippi M, Fonzo GA, Forbes EE, Fox NA, Fredrikson M, Furmark T, Ge T, Gerber AJ, Gosnell SN, Grabe HJ, Grotegerd D, Gur RE, Gur RC, Harmer CJ, Harper J, Heeren A, Hettema J, Hofmann D, Hofmann SG, Jackowski AP, Andreas, Jansen, Kaczkurkin AN, Kingsley E, Kircher T, Kosti c M, Kreifelts B, Krug A, Larsen B, Lee S, Leehr EJ, Leibenluft E, Lochner C, Maggioni E, Makovac E, Mancini M, Manfro GG, Månsson KNT, Meeten F, Michałowski J, Milrod BL, Mühlberger A, Lilianne R, Mujica‐Parodi, Munjiza A, Mwangi B, Myers M, Igor Nenadi C, Neufang S, Nielsen JA, Oh H, Ottaviani C, Pan PM, Pantazatos SP, Martin P, Paulus, Perez‐Edgar K, Peñate W, Perino MT, Peterburs J, Pfleiderer B, Phan KL, Poletti S, Porta‐Casteràs D, Price RB, Pujol J, Andrea, Reinecke, Rivero F, Roelofs K, Rosso I, Saemann P, Salas R, Salum GA, Satterthwaite TD, Schneier F, Schruers KRJ, Schulz SM, Schwarzmeier H, Seeger FR, Smoller JW, Soares JC, Stark R, Stein MB, Straube B, Straube T, Strawn JR, Suarez‐Jimenez B, Boris, Suchan, Sylvester CM, Talati A, Tamburo E, Tükel R, Heuvel OA, Van der Auwera S, Nieuwenhuizen H, Tol M, van Velzen LS, Bort CV, Vermeiren RRJM, Visser RM, Volman I, Wannemüller A, Wendt J, Werwath KE, Westenberg PM, Wiemer J, Katharina, Wittfeld, Wu M, Yang Y, Zilverstand A, Zugman A, Zwiebel HL. ENIGMA-anxiety working group: Rationale for and organization of large-scale neuroimaging studies of anxiety disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:83-112. [PMID: 32618421 PMCID: PMC8805695 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and disabling but seem particularly tractable to investigation with translational neuroscience methodologies. Neuroimaging has informed our understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, but research has been limited by small sample sizes and low statistical power, as well as heterogenous imaging methodology. The ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group has brought together researchers from around the world, in a harmonized and coordinated effort to address these challenges and generate more robust and reproducible findings. This paper elaborates on the concepts and methods informing the work of the working group to date, and describes the initial approach of the four subgroups studying generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. At present, the ENIGMA-Anxiety database contains information about more than 100 unique samples, from 16 countries and 59 institutes. Future directions include examining additional imaging modalities, integrating imaging and genetic data, and collaborating with other ENIGMA working groups. The ENIGMA consortium creates synergy at the intersection of global mental health and clinical neuroscience, and the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group extends the promise of this approach to neuroimaging research on anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Marie Bas‐Hoogendam
- Department of Developmental and Educational PsychologyLeiden University, Institute of Psychology Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Nynke A. Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental HealthUniversity of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMC / VUMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Research & InnovationGGZ inGeest Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Gabrielle F. Freitag
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Anita Harrewijn
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Kevin Hilbert
- Department of PsychologyHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute Los Angeles California USA
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute Los Angeles California USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute Los Angeles California USA
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMC / VUMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anderson M. Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Ulrike Lueken
- Department of PsychologyHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Nic J. A. Wee
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental HealthUniversity of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- University of Cape TownSouth African MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders Cape Town South Africa
- University of Cape TownNeuroscience Institute Cape Town South Africa
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20
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Zugman A, Harrewijn A, Cardinale EM, Zwiebel H, Freitag GF, Werwath KE, Bas‐Hoogendam JM, Groenewold NA, Aghajani M, Hilbert K, Cardoner N, Porta‐Casteràs D, Gosnell S, Salas R, Blair KS, Blair JR, Hammoud MZ, Milad M, Burkhouse K, Phan KL, Schroeder HK, Strawn JR, Beesdo‐Baum K, Thomopoulos SI, Grabe HJ, Van der Auwera S, Wittfeld K, Nielsen JA, Buckner R, Smoller JW, Mwangi B, Soares JC, Wu M, Zunta‐Soares GB, Jackowski AP, Pan PM, Salum GA, Assaf M, Diefenbach GJ, Brambilla P, Maggioni E, Hofmann D, Straube T, Andreescu C, Berta R, Tamburo E, Price R, Manfro GG, Critchley HD, Makovac E, Mancini M, Meeten F, Ottaviani C, Agosta F, Canu E, Cividini C, Filippi M, Kostić M, Munjiza A, Filippi CA, Leibenluft E, Alberton BAV, Balderston NL, Ernst M, Grillon C, Mujica‐Parodi LR, van Nieuwenhuizen H, Fonzo GA, Paulus MP, Stein MB, Gur RE, Gur RC, Kaczkurkin AN, Larsen B, Satterthwaite TD, Harper J, Myers M, Perino MT, Yu Q, Sylvester CM, Veltman DJ, Lueken U, Van der Wee NJA, Stein DJ, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Pine DS, Winkler AM. Mega-analysis methods in ENIGMA: The experience of the generalized anxiety disorder working group. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:255-277. [PMID: 32596977 PMCID: PMC8675407 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ENIGMA group on Generalized Anxiety Disorder (ENIGMA-Anxiety/GAD) is part of a broader effort to investigate anxiety disorders using imaging and genetic data across multiple sites worldwide. The group is actively conducting a mega-analysis of a large number of brain structural scans. In this process, the group was confronted with many methodological challenges related to study planning and implementation, between-country transfer of subject-level data, quality control of a considerable amount of imaging data, and choices related to statistical methods and efficient use of resources. This report summarizes the background information and rationale for the various methodological decisions, as well as the approach taken to implement them. The goal is to document the approach and help guide other research groups working with large brain imaging data sets as they develop their own analytic pipelines for mega-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Zugman
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Anita Harrewijn
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Elise M. Cardinale
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Hannah Zwiebel
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Gabrielle F. Freitag
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Katy E. Werwath
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Janna M. Bas‐Hoogendam
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of PsychiatryLeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC)LeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Developmental and Educational PsychologyLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Nynke A. Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Department. of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMC/VUMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- GGZ InGeestDepartment of Research & InnovationAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kevin Hilbert
- Department of PsychologyHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Narcis Cardoner
- Department of Mental HealthUniversity Hospital Parc Taulí‐I3PTBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic MedicineUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud MentalCarlos III Health InstituteMadridSpain
| | - Daniel Porta‐Casteràs
- Department of Mental HealthUniversity Hospital Parc Taulí‐I3PTBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic MedicineUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud MentalCarlos III Health InstituteMadridSpain
| | - Savannah Gosnell
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Ramiro Salas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Karina S. Blair
- Center for Neurobehavioral ResearchBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - James R. Blair
- Center for Neurobehavioral ResearchBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Mira Z. Hammoud
- Department of PsychiatryNew York UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Mohammed Milad
- Department of PsychiatryNew York UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Katie Burkhouse
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - K. Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral HealthThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Heidi K. Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral NeuroscienceUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Jeffrey R. Strawn
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral NeuroscienceUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Katja Beesdo‐Baum
- Behavioral EpidemiologyInstitute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Site Rostock/GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Site Rostock/GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Site Rostock/GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Jared A. Nielsen
- Department of PsychologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Brain ScienceHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Randy Buckner
- Department of PsychologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Brain ScienceHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Jair C. Soares
- Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Mon‐Ju Wu
- Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Giovana B. Zunta‐Soares
- Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Andrea P. Jackowski
- LiNC, Department of PsychiatryFederal University of São PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Pedro M. Pan
- LiNC, Department of PsychiatryFederal University of São PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Giovanni A. Salum
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrazil
| | - Michal Assaf
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research CenterInstitute of Living, Hartford HospitalHartfordConnecticutUSA
- Department of PsychiatryYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Gretchen J. Diefenbach
- Anxiety Disorders CenterInstitute of Living, Hartford HospitalHartfordConnecticutUSA
- Yale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental HealthFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Eleonora Maggioni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental HealthFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - David Hofmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Carmen Andreescu
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rachel Berta
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Erica Tamburo
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rebecca Price
- Department of Psychiatry & PsychologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Gisele G. Manfro
- Anxiety Disorder ProgramHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrazil
- Department of PsychiatryFederal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrazil
| | - Hugo D. Critchley
- Department of NeuroscienceBrighton and Sussex Medical School, University of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Elena Makovac
- Centre for Neuroimaging ScienceKings College LondonLondonUK
| | - Matteo Mancini
- Department of NeuroscienceBrighton and Sussex Medical School, University of SussexBrightonUK
| | | | | | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Elisa Canu
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Camilla Cividini
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Neurology and Neurophysiology UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Milutin Kostić
- Institute of Mental Health, University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Ana Munjiza
- Institute of Mental Health, University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Courtney A. Filippi
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Bianca A. V. Alberton
- Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáCuritibaPuerto RicoBrazil
| | - Nicholas L. Balderston
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and StressUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Monique Ernst
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Christian Grillon
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | | | | | - Gregory A. Fonzo
- Department of PsychiatryThe University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustinTexasUSA
| | | | - Murray B. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Family Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Bart Larsen
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Jennifer Harper
- Department of PsychiatryWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Michael Myers
- Department of PsychiatryWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Qiongru Yu
- Department of PsychiatryWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department. of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMC/VUMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Lueken
- Department of PsychologyHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Nic J. A. Van der Wee
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of PsychiatryLeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC)LeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- SAMRC Unite on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Anderson M. Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
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21
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Harrewijn A, Cardinale EM, Groenewold NA, Bas-Hoogendam JM, Aghajani M, Hilbert K, Cardoner N, Porta-Casteràs D, Gosnell S, Salas R, Jackowski AP, Pan PM, Salum GA, Blair KS, Blair JR, Hammoud MZ, Milad MR, Burkhouse KL, Phan KL, Schroeder HK, Strawn JR, Beesdo-Baum K, Jahanshad N, Thomopoulos SI, Buckner R, Nielsen JA, Smoller JW, Soares JC, Mwangi B, Wu MJ, Zunta-Soares GB, Assaf M, Diefenbach GJ, Brambilla P, Maggioni E, Hofmann D, Straube T, Andreescu C, Berta R, Tamburo E, Price RB, Manfro GG, Agosta F, Canu E, Cividini C, Filippi M, Kostić M, Munjiza Jovanovic A, Alberton BAV, Benson B, Freitag GF, Filippi CA, Gold AL, Leibenluft E, Ringlein GV, Werwath KE, Zwiebel H, Zugman A, Grabe HJ, Van der Auwera S, Wittfeld K, Völzke H, Bülow R, Balderston NL, Ernst M, Grillon C, Mujica-Parodi LR, van Nieuwenhuizen H, Critchley HD, Makovac E, Mancini M, Meeten F, Ottaviani C, Ball TM, Fonzo GA, Paulus MP, Stein MB, Gur RE, Gur RC, Kaczkurkin AN, Larsen B, Satterthwaite TD, Harper J, Myers M, Perino MT, Sylvester CM, Yu Q, Lueken U, Veltman DJ, Thompson PM, Stein DJ, Van der Wee NJA, Winkler AM, Pine DS. Cortical and subcortical brain structure in generalized anxiety disorder: findings from 28 research sites in the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:502. [PMID: 34599145 PMCID: PMC8486763 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to compare brain structure between individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and healthy controls. Previous studies have generated inconsistent findings, possibly due to small sample sizes, or clinical/analytic heterogeneity. To address these concerns, we combined data from 28 research sites worldwide through the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group, using a single, pre-registered mega-analysis. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data from children and adults (5-90 years) were processed using FreeSurfer. The main analysis included the regional and vertex-wise cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume as dependent variables, and GAD, age, age-squared, sex, and their interactions as independent variables. Nuisance variables included IQ, years of education, medication use, comorbidities, and global brain measures. The main analysis (1020 individuals with GAD and 2999 healthy controls) included random slopes per site and random intercepts per scanner. A secondary analysis (1112 individuals with GAD and 3282 healthy controls) included fixed slopes and random intercepts per scanner with the same variables. The main analysis showed no effect of GAD on brain structure, nor interactions involving GAD, age, or sex. The secondary analysis showed increased volume in the right ventral diencephalon in male individuals with GAD compared to male healthy controls, whereas female individuals with GAD did not differ from female healthy controls. This mega-analysis combining worldwide data showed that differences in brain structure related to GAD are small, possibly reflecting heterogeneity or those structural alterations are not a major component of its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Harrewijn
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Elise M Cardinale
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Janna Marie Bas-Hoogendam
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Research & Innovation, GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Hilbert
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Narcis Cardoner
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital Parc Taulí-I3PT, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Porta-Casteràs
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital Parc Taulí-I3PT, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Savannah Gosnell
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramiro Salas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea P Jackowski
- LiNC, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Pan
- LiNC, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanni A Salum
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karina S Blair
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - James R Blair
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Mira Z Hammoud
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammed R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katie L Burkhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Heidi K Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Strawn
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Katja Beesdo-Baum
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Randy Buckner
- Center for Brain Science & Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jared A Nielsen
- Center for Brain Science & Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychology Department & Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jair C Soares
- Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mon-Ju Wu
- Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovana B Zunta-Soares
- Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michal Assaf
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gretchen J Diefenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Anxiety Disorders Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Maggioni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - David Hofmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Carmen Andreescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Berta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erica Tamburo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca B Price
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gisele G Manfro
- Anxiety Disorder Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Canu
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Cividini
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Milutin Kostić
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Bianca A V Alberton
- Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Puerto Rico, Brazil
| | - Brenda Benson
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabrielle F Freitag
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Courtney A Filippi
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea L Gold
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grace V Ringlein
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn E Werwath
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Zwiebel
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - André Zugman
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicholas L Balderston
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Monique Ernst
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian Grillon
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Hugo D Critchley
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Elena Makovac
- Centre for Neuroimaging Science, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Matteo Mancini
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Frances Meeten
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Cristina Ottaviani
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Tali M Ball
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gregory A Fonzo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Harper
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael T Perino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qiongru Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ulrike Lueken
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Dan J Stein
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nic J A Van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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Filippi CA, Ravi S, Bracy M, Winkler A, Sylvester CM, Pine DS, Fox NA. Amygdala Functional Connectivity and Negative Reactive Temperament at Age 4 Months. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:1137-1146. [PMID: 33385507 PMCID: PMC8239057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infant amygdala connectivity correlates with maternal reports of infant temperament characterized by novelty-evoked distress and avoidance. However, no studies have examined how human infant amygdala connectivity relates to direct observations of novelty-evoked distress. This study examined the link between amygdala connectivity and infant novelty-evoked distress using direct observation of temperament. METHOD Novelty-evoked distress was assessed at 4 months of age (N = 90) using a standardized reactivity assessment and parent report. Within 3 weeks of assessment, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was collected in a subset of infants (n = 34). Using a whole-brain voxelwise approach, amygdala connectivity associated with positive and negative affect during the reactivity assessment was examined. Regions where the association of amygdala connectivity with negative affect was higher than with positive affect were then examined. Associations between amygdala connectivity and parent report of temperament were also examined. RESULTS Greater amygdala-cingulate and amygdala-superior frontal gyrus connectivity was associated with lower positive affect during the reactivity assessment. Further, the association between amygdala-cingulate connectivity was greater for negative affect compared with positive affect. There were no significant associations between latency to approach novelty (as measured by parent report) and amygdala connectivity. Validation analyses conducted using a large independent longitudinal sample (N = 323) demonstrated that negative reactivity was associated with increased child-reported anxiety symptoms in adolescence. CONCLUSION These results provide novel insight into the developmental pathophysiology of novelty-evoked distress. This is consistent with research linking an altered cognitive control mechanism to temperamental risk for anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Filippi
- University of Maryland, College Park; National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, Maryland.
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel S Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, Maryland
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23
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Perino MT, Myers MJ, Wheelock MD, Yu Q, Harper JC, Manhart MF, Gordon EM, Eggebrecht AT, Pine DS, Barch DM, Luby JL, Sylvester CM. Whole-Brain Resting-State Functional Connectivity Patterns Associated With Pediatric Anxiety and Involuntary Attention Capture. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci 2021; 1:229-238. [PMID: 36033105 PMCID: PMC9417088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric anxiety disorders are linked to dysfunction in multiple functional brain networks, as well as to alterations in the allocation of spatial attention. We used network-level analyses to characterize resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc) alterations associated with 1) symptoms of anxiety and 2) alterations in stimulus-driven attention associated with pediatric anxiety disorders. We hypothesized that anxiety was related to altered connectivity of the frontoparietal, default mode, cingulo-opercular, and ventral attention networks and that anxiety-related connectivity alterations that include the ventral attention network would simultaneously be related to deviations in stimulus-driven attention. METHODS A sample of children (n = 61; mean = 10.6 years of age), approximately half of whom met criteria for a current anxiety disorder, completed a clinical assay, an attention task, and rs-fc magnetic resonance imaging scans. Network-level analyses examined whole-brain rs-fc patterns associated with clinician-rated anxiety and with involuntary capture of attention. Post hoc analyses controlled for comorbid symptoms. RESULTS Elevated clinician-rated anxiety was associated with altered connectivity within the cingulo-opercular network, as well as between the cingulo-opercular network and the ventral attention, default mode, and visual networks. Connectivity between the ventral attention and cingulo-opercular networks was associated with variation in both anxiety and stimulus-driven attention. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric anxiety is related to aberrant connectivity patterns among several networks, most of which include the cingulo-opercular network. These results help clarify the within- and between-network interactions associated with pediatric anxiety and its association with altered attention, suggesting that specific network connections could be targeted to improve specific altered processes associated with anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Perino
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael J. Myers
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Muriah D. Wheelock
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Qiongru Yu
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Jennifer C. Harper
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Megan F. Manhart
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Evan M. Gordon
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Adam T. Eggebrecht
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- Development & Emotion Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joan L. Luby
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chad M. Sylvester
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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24
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Zheng A, Montez DF, Marek S, Gilmore AW, Newbold DJ, Laumann TO, Kay BP, Seider NA, Van AN, Hampton JM, Alexopoulos D, Schlaggar BL, Sylvester CM, Greene DJ, Shimony JS, Nelson SM, Wig GS, Gratton C, McDermott KB, Raichle ME, Gordon EM, Dosenbach NUF. Parallel hippocampal-parietal circuits for self- and goal-oriented processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101743118. [PMID: 34404728 PMCID: PMC8403906 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101743118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is critically important for a diverse range of cognitive processes, such as episodic memory, prospective memory, affective processing, and spatial navigation. Using individual-specific precision functional mapping of resting-state functional MRI data, we found the anterior hippocampus (head and body) to be preferentially functionally connected to the default mode network (DMN), as expected. The hippocampal tail, however, was strongly preferentially functionally connected to the parietal memory network (PMN), which supports goal-oriented cognition and stimulus recognition. This anterior-posterior dichotomy of resting-state functional connectivity was well-matched by differences in task deactivations and anatomical segmentations of the hippocampus. Task deactivations were localized to the hippocampal head and body (DMN), relatively sparing the tail (PMN). The functional dichotomization of the hippocampus into anterior DMN-connected and posterior PMN-connected parcels suggests parallel but distinct circuits between the hippocampus and medial parietal cortex for self- versus goal-oriented processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
| | - David F Montez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Scott Marek
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Adrian W Gilmore
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Dillan J Newbold
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Benjamin P Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nicole A Seider
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jacqueline M Hampton
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Dimitrios Alexopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Bradley L Schlaggar
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Steven M Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414
| | - Gagan S Wig
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Caterina Gratton
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Kathleen B McDermott
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Evan M Gordon
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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25
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Sylvester CM, Myers MJ, Perino MT, Kaplan S, Kenley JK, Smyser TA, Warner BB, Barch DM, Pine DS, Luby JL, Rogers CE, Smyser CD. Neonatal Brain Response to Deviant Auditory Stimuli and Relation to Maternal Trait Anxiety. Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:771-778. [PMID: 33900811 PMCID: PMC8363512 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive response to unexpected or "deviant" stimuli during infancy and early childhood represents an early risk marker for anxiety disorders. However, research has yet to delineate the specific brain regions underlying the neonatal response to deviant stimuli near birth and the relation to risk for anxiety disorders. The authors used task-based functional MRI (fMRI) to delineate the neonatal response to deviant stimuli and its relationship to maternal trait anxiety. METHODS The authors used fMRI to measure brain activity evoked by deviant auditory stimuli in 45 sleeping neonates (mean age, 27.8 days; 60% female; 64% African American). In 41 of the infants, neural response to deviant stimuli was examined in relation to maternal trait anxiety on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, a familial risk factor for offspring anxiety. RESULTS Neonates manifested a robust and widespread neural response to deviant stimuli that resembles patterns found previously in adults. Higher maternal trait anxiety was related to higher responses within multiple brain regions, including the left and right anterior insula, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and multiple areas within the anterior cingulate cortex. These areas overlap with brain regions previously linked to anxiety disorders and other psychiatric illnesses in adults. CONCLUSIONS The neural architecture sensitive to deviant stimuli robustly functions in newborns. Excessive responsiveness of some circuitry components at birth may signal risk for anxiety and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University
- Department of Radiology, Washington University
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch, Washington University
| | | | - Cynthia E. Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University
| | - Christopher D. Smyser
- Department of Neurology, Washington University
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University
- Department of Radiology, Washington University
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26
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Perino MT, Yu Q, Myers MJ, Harper JC, Baumel WT, Petersen SE, Barch DM, Luby JL, Sylvester CM. Attention Alterations in Pediatric Anxiety: Evidence From Behavior and Neuroimaging. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:726-734. [PMID: 33012520 PMCID: PMC9166685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric anxiety disorders involve greater capture of attention by threatening stimuli. However, it is not known if disturbances extend to nonthreatening stimuli, as part of a pervasive disturbance in attention-related brain systems. We hypothesized that pediatric anxiety involves greater capture of attention by salient, nonemotional stimuli, coupled with greater activity in the portion of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) specific to the ventral attention network (VAN). METHODS A sample of children (n = 129, 75 girls, mean 10.6 years of age), approximately half of whom met criteria for a current anxiety disorder, completed a task measuring involuntary capture of attention by nonemotional (square boxes) and emotional (angry and neutral faces) stimuli. A subset (n = 61) completed a task variant during functional magnetic resonance imaging. A priori analyses examined activity in functional brain areas within the right IFG, supplemented by a whole-brain, exploratory analysis. RESULTS Higher clinician-rated anxiety was associated with greater capture of attention by nonemotional, salient stimuli (F1,125 = 4.94, p = .028) and greater activity in the portion of the IFG specific to the VAN (F1,57 = 10.311, p = .002). Whole-brain analyses confirmed that the effect of anxiety during capture of attention was most pronounced in the VAN portion of the IFG, along with additional areas of the VAN and the default mode network. CONCLUSIONS The pathophysiology of pediatric anxiety appears to involve greater capture of attention to salient stimuli, as well as greater activity in attention-related brain networks. These results provide novel behavioral and brain-based targets for treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Perino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Qiongru Yu
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Michael J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennifer C Harper
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William T Baumel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
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27
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Sylvester CM, Pine DS. Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: Insights From Basic Neuroscience, Development, and Clinical Research. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:638-640. [PMID: 33706867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri.
| | - Daniel S Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch, Bethesda, Maryland.
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28
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Lenze EJ, Nicol GE, Barbour DL, Kannampallil T, Wong AWK, Piccirillo J, Drysdale AT, Sylvester CM, Haddad R, Miller JP, Low CA, Lenze SN, Freedland KE, Rodebaugh TL. Precision clinical trials: a framework for getting to precision medicine for neurobehavioural disorders. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E97-E110. [PMID: 33206039 PMCID: PMC7955843 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of precision medicine (individually tailored treatments) is not being achieved for neurobehavioural conditions such as psychiatric disorders. Traditional randomized clinical trial methods are insufficient for advancing precision medicine because of the dynamic complexity of these conditions. We present a pragmatic solution: the precision clinical trial framework, encompassing methods for individually tailored treatments. This framework includes the following: (1) treatment-targeted enrichment, which involves measuring patients' response after a brief bout of an intervention, and then randomizing patients to a full course of treatment, using the acute response to predict long-term outcomes; (2) adaptive treatments, which involve adjusting treatment parameters during the trial to individually optimize the treatment; and (3) precise measurement, which involves measuring predictor and outcome variables with high accuracy and reliability using techniques such as ecological momentary assessment. This review summarizes precision clinical trials and provides a research agenda, including new biomarkers such as precision neuroimaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalogram digital phenotyping and advances in statistical and machine-learning models. Validation of these approaches - and then widespread incorporation of the precision clinical trial framework - could help achieve the vision of precision medicine for neurobehavioural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Lenze
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Ginger E Nicol
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Dennis L Barbour
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Thomas Kannampallil
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Alex W K Wong
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Jay Piccirillo
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Andrew T Drysdale
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Rita Haddad
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - J Philip Miller
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Carissa A Low
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Shannon N Lenze
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Kenneth E Freedland
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
| | - Thomas L Rodebaugh
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Lenze, Nicol, Kannampallil Wong, Piccirillo, Drysdale, Sylvester, Haddad, Miller, Lenze, Freedland); the Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO (Barbour); the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Low); and the Washington University School of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO (Rodebaugh)
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Ramphal B, Whalen DJ, Kenley JK, Yu Q, Smyser CD, Rogers CE, Sylvester CM. Brain connectivity and socioeconomic status at birth and externalizing symptoms at age 2 years. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 45:100811. [PMID: 32823180 PMCID: PMC7451824 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low childhood socioeconomic status (SES) predisposes individuals to altered trajectories of brain development and increased rates of mental illness. Brain connectivity at birth is associated with psychiatric outcomes. We sought to investigate whether SES at birth is associated with neonatal brain connectivity and if these differences account for socioeconomic disparities in infant symptoms at age 2 years that are predictive of psychopathology. Resting state functional MRI was performed on 75 full-term and 37 term-equivalent preterm newborns (n = 112). SES was characterized by insurance type, the Area Deprivation Index, and a composite score. Seed-based voxelwise linear regression related SES to whole-brain functional connectivity of five brain regions representing functional networks implicated in psychiatric illnesses and affected by socioeconomic disadvantage: striatum, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Lower SES was associated with differences in striatum and vlPFC connectivity. Striatum connectivity with frontopolar and medial PFC mediated the relationship between SES and behavioral inhibition at age 2 measured by the Infant-Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (n = 46). Striatum-frontopolar connectivity mediated the relationship between SES and externalizing symptoms. These results, convergent across three SES metrics, suggest that neurodevelopmental trajectories linking SES and mental illness may begin as early as birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Ramphal
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Diana J Whalen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jeanette K Kenley
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Qiongru Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Sylvester CM. Editorial: Several Roads Lead to Anxiety. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 59:703-704. [PMID: 31628983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Traditional attempts to characterize the brain pathophysiology associated with mental illnesses have relied on relating symptoms to a static snapshot of abnormal brain structure or function. Over the last few decades, however, it has become increasingly clear that many or most psychiatric disorders are the consequence of atypical brain development.1 As such, the pathophysiology of mental illnesses may be better understood by characterizing the dynamic changes in brain structure or function that unfold over time and ultimately result in psychiatric symptoms. One important concept that has emerged out of studies that have examined longitudinal trajectories resulting in mental illnesses is the concept of equifinality-that multiple different trajectories can result in the same symptoms in adolescence or adulthood.2 If proved to be true, equifinality is a fundamentally important principle because it suggests that even if two patients have the same symptoms, the cascade of brain changes that ultimately resulted in these symptoms differed. Potentially diverse monitoring and treatment strategies would be required to detect and treat patients with the same set of symptoms. There would be no "one-size fits all" approach to screening and treating patients, and clinicians would ultimately have to learn to identify and alter multiple different risk trajectories.
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Gilbert K, Perino MT, Myers MJ, Sylvester CM. Overcontrol and neural response to errors in pediatric anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord 2020; 72:102224. [PMID: 32289747 PMCID: PMC7260107 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple risk factors that may contribute to the development and severity of pediatric anxiety disorders, one of which is dimensional overcontrol. Overcontrol is a constellation of characteristics including heightened performance monitoring, inflexibility, perfectionism and aversion to making mistakes. In this study, we examined overcontrol in children with anxiety disorders and tested whether the underlying dimension of overcontrol specifically explains altered brain response to errors in pediatric anxiety disorders. Parent-reported scores of child overcontrol were collected in a sample of children (ages 8-12 years) with (n = 35) and without (n = 34) anxiety disorders and the relationship of overcontrol and anxiety symptoms to neural responding to errors during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was examined. Results indicated childhood overcontrol was elevated in pediatric anxiety disorders and was significantly associated with anxiety severity, even when controlling for comorbid depression and ADHD. Additionally, overcontrol was associated with reduced neural response to errors versus correct responses in the bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and insula, even when controlling for anxiety symptoms. Overcontrol may serve as an underlying mechanism associated with clinical pediatric anxiety that demonstrates significant associations with aberrant neural error responding. Overcontrol may be an underlying mechanism contributing to pediatric anxiety that could be targeted for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis MO, 63108, USA.
| | - Michael T Perino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis MO, 63108, USA
| | - Michael J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis MO, 63108, USA
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis MO, 63108, USA
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Sylvester CM, Yu Q, Srivastava AB, Marek S, Zheng A, Alexopoulos D, Smyser CD, Shimony JS, Ortega M, Dierker DL, Patel GH, Nelson SM, Gilmore AW, McDermott KB, Berg JJ, Drysdale AT, Perino MT, Snyder AZ, Raut RV, Laumann TO, Gordon EM, Barch DM, Rogers CE, Greene DJ, Raichle ME, Dosenbach NUF. Individual-specific functional connectivity of the amygdala: A substrate for precision psychiatry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3808-3818. [PMID: 32015137 PMCID: PMC7035483 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910842117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is central to the pathophysiology of many psychiatric illnesses. An imprecise understanding of how the amygdala fits into the larger network organization of the human brain, however, limits our ability to create models of dysfunction in individual patients to guide personalized treatment. Therefore, we investigated the position of the amygdala and its functional subdivisions within the network organization of the brain in 10 highly sampled individuals (5 h of fMRI data per person). We characterized three functional subdivisions within the amygdala of each individual. We discovered that one subdivision is preferentially correlated with the default mode network; a second is preferentially correlated with the dorsal attention and fronto-parietal networks; and third subdivision does not have any networks to which it is preferentially correlated relative to the other two subdivisions. All three subdivisions are positively correlated with ventral attention and somatomotor networks and negatively correlated with salience and cingulo-opercular networks. These observations were replicated in an independent group dataset of 120 individuals. We also found substantial across-subject variation in the distribution and magnitude of amygdala functional connectivity with the cerebral cortex that related to individual differences in the stereotactic locations both of amygdala subdivisions and of cortical functional brain networks. Finally, using lag analyses, we found consistent temporal ordering of fMRI signals in the cortex relative to amygdala subdivisions. Altogether, this work provides a detailed framework of amygdala-cortical interactions that can be used as a foundation for models relating aberrations in amygdala connectivity to psychiatric symptoms in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110;
| | - Qiongru Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - A Benjamin Srivastava
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - Scott Marek
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Annie Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | | | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Mario Ortega
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Teva Pharmaceuticals, North Wales, PA 19454
| | - Donna L Dierker
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Gaurav H Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - Steven M Nelson
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Doris Miller VA Medical Center, Waco, TX 76711
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706
| | - Adrian W Gilmore
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kathleen B McDermott
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jeffrey J Berg
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003
| | - Andrew T Drysdale
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael T Perino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ryan V Raut
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Evan M Gordon
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Doris Miller VA Medical Center, Waco, TX 76711
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110;
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Castelbaum L, Sylvester CM, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Constantino JN. On the Nature of Monozygotic Twin Concordance and Discordance for Autistic Trait Severity: A Quantitative Analysis. Behav Genet 2019; 50:263-272. [PMID: 31853901 PMCID: PMC7355281 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-019-09987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The characterizing features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are continuously distributed in nature; however, prior twin studies have not systematically incorporated this knowledge into estimations of concordance and discordance. We conducted a quantitative analysis of twin–twin similarity for autistic trait severity in three existing data sets involving 366 pairs of uniformly-phenotyped monozygotic (MZ) twins with and without ASD. Probandwise concordance for ASD was 96%; however, MZ trait correlations differed markedly for pairs with ASD trait burden below versus above the threshold for clinical diagnosis, with R2s on the order of 0.6 versus 0.1, respectively. Categorical MZ twin discordance for ASD diagnosis is rare and more appropriately operationalized by standardized quantification of twin–twin differences. Here we provide new evidence that although ASD itself is highly heritable, variation-in-severity of symptomatology above the diagnostic threshold is substantially influenced, in contrast, by non-shared environmental factors which may identify novel targets of early ASD amelioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Castelbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Qiongru Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John N Constantino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8504, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA.
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Sylvester CM. Brain Games to Reduce Anxiety in High-Risk Children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:80-81. [PMID: 29413151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sylvester CM, Smyser CD, Smyser T, Kenley J, Ackerman JJ, Shimony JS, Petersen SE, Rogers CE. Cortical Functional Connectivity Evident After Birth and Behavioral Inhibition at Age 2. Am J Psychiatry 2018; 175:180-187. [PMID: 28774192 PMCID: PMC5794627 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The infant temperament behavioral inhibition is a potent risk factor for development of an anxiety disorder. It is difficult to predict risk for behavioral inhibition at birth, however, and the neural underpinnings are poorly understood. The authors hypothesized that neonatal functional connectivity of the ventral attention network is related to behavioral inhibition at age 2 years beyond sociodemographic and familial factors. This hypothesis is supported by the ventral attention network's role in attention to novelty, a key feature of behavioral inhibition. METHOD Using a longitudinal design (N=45), the authors measured functional connectivity using MRI in neonates and behavioral inhibition at age 2 using the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment. Whole-brain connectivity maps were computed for regions from the ventral attention, default mode, and salience networks. Regression analyses related these maps to behavioral inhibition at age 2, covarying for sex, social risk, and motion during scanning. RESULTS Decreased neonatal functional connectivity of three connections was associated with increased behavioral inhibition at age 2. One connection (between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the right temporal-parietal junction) included the ventral attention network seed, and two connections (between the medial prefrontal cortex and both the right superior parietal lobule and the left lateral occipital cortex) included the default mode network seed. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal functional connectivity of the ventral attention and default mode networks is associated with behavioral inhibition at age 2. These results inform the developmental neurobiology of behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorders and may aid in early risk assessment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher D. Smyser
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Tara Smyser
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Jeanette Kenley
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Steve E. Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Psychology, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Cynthia E. Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine
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Sylvester CM, Whalen DJ, Belden AC, Sanchez SL, Luby JL, Barch DM. Shyness and Trajectories of Functional Network Connectivity Over Early Adolescence. Child Dev 2017; 89:734-745. [PMID: 29222816 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
High shyness during early adolescence is associated with impaired peer relationships and risk for psychiatric disorders. Little is known, however, about the relation between shyness and trajectories of brain development over early adolescence. The current study longitudinally examined trajectories of resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc) within four brain networks in 147 adolescents. Subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging at three different time points, at average ages 10.5 (range = 7.8-13.0), 11.7 (range = 9.3-14.1), and 12.9 years (range = 10.1-15.2). Multilevel linear modeling indicated that high shyness was associated with a less steep negative slope of default mode network (DMN) rs-fc over early adolescence relative to low shyness. Less steep decreases in DMN rs-fc may relate to increased self-focus in adolescents with high shyness.
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Meehan TP, Bressler SL, Tang W, Astafiev SV, Sylvester CM, Shulman GL, Corbetta M. Top-down cortical interactions in visuospatial attention. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3127-3145. [PMID: 28321551 PMCID: PMC5607080 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The voluntary allocation of visuospatial attention depends upon top-down influences from the frontal eye field (FEF) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS)-the core regions of the dorsal attention network (DAN)-to visual occipital cortex (VOC), and has been further associated with within-DAN influences, particularly from the FEF to IPS. However, the degree to which these influences manifest at rest and are then modulated during anticipatory visuospatial attention tasks remains poorly understood. Here, we measured both undirected and directed functional connectivity (UFC, DFC) between the FEF, IPS, and VOC at rest and during an anticipatory visuospatial attention task, using a slow event-related design. Whereas the comparison between rest and task indicated FC modulations that persisted throughout the task duration, the large number of task trials we collected further enabled us to measure shorter timescale modulations of FC across the trial. Relative to rest, task engagement induced enhancement of both top-down influences from the DAN to VOC, as well as bidirectional influences between the FEF and IPS. These results suggest that task performance induces enhanced interaction within the DAN and a greater top-down influence on VOC. While resting FC generally showed right hemisphere dominance, task-related enhancement favored the left hemisphere, effectively balancing a resting hemispheric asymmetry, particularly within the DAN. On a shorter (within-trial) timescale, VOC-to-DAN and bidirectional FEF-IPS influences were transiently elevated during the anticipatory period of the trial, evincing phasic modulations related to changing attentional demands. In contrast to these task-specific effects, resting and task-related influence patterns were highly correlated, suggesting a predisposing role for resting organization, which requires minimal tonic and phasic modulations for control of visuospatial attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Meehan
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Steven L Bressler
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Wei Tang
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Serguei V Astafiev
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gordon L Shulman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with anxiety disorders exhibit a 'vigilance-avoidance' pattern of attention to threatening stimuli when threatening and neutral stimuli are presented simultaneously, a phenomenon referred to as 'threat bias'. Modifying threat bias through cognitive retraining during adolescence reduces symptoms of anxiety, and so elucidating neural mechanisms of threat bias during adolescence is of high importance. We explored neural mechanisms by testing whether threat bias in adolescents is associated with generalized or threat-specific differences in the neural processing of faces. METHOD Subjects were categorized into those with (n = 25) and without (n = 27) threat avoidance based on a dot-probe task at average age 12.9 years. Threat avoidance in this cohort has previously been shown to index threat bias. Brain response to individually presented angry and neutral faces was assessed in a separate session using functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Adolescents with threat avoidance exhibited lower activity for both angry and neutral faces relative to controls in several regions in the occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes involved in early visual and facial processing. Results generalized to happy, sad, and fearful faces. Adolescents with a prior history of depression and/or an anxiety disorder had lower activity for all faces in these same regions. A subset of results replicated in an independent dataset. CONCLUSIONS Threat bias is associated with generalized, rather than threat-specific, differences in the neural processing of faces in adolescents. Findings may aid in the development of novel treatments for anxiety disorders that use attention training to modify threat bias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve E. Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Psychology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Joan L. Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Psychology, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine
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Sylvester CM, Hudziak JJ, Gaffrey MS, Barch DM, Luby JL. Stimulus-Driven Attention, Threat Bias, and Sad Bias in Youth with a History of an Anxiety Disorder or Depression. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2016; 44:219-31. [PMID: 25702927 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-9988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Attention biases towards threatening and sad stimuli are associated with pediatric anxiety and depression, respectively. The basic cognitive mechanisms associated with attention biases in youth, however, remain unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that threat bias (selective attention for threatening versus neutral stimuli) but not sad bias relies on stimulus-driven attention. We collected measures of stimulus-driven attention, threat bias, sad bias, and current clinical symptoms in youth with a history of an anxiety disorder and/or depression (ANX/DEP; n = 40) as well as healthy controls (HC; n = 33). Stimulus-driven attention was measured with a non-emotional spatial orienting task, while threat bias and sad bias were measured at a short time interval (150 ms) with a spatial orienting task using emotional faces and at a longer time interval (500 ms) using a dot-probe task. In ANX/DEP but not HC, early attention bias towards threat was negatively correlated with later attention bias to threat, suggesting that early threat vigilance was associated with later threat avoidance. Across all subjects, stimulus-driven orienting was not correlated with early threat bias but was negatively correlated with later threat bias, indicating that rapid stimulus-driven orienting is linked to later threat avoidance. No parallel relationships were detected for sad bias. Current symptoms of depression but not anxiety were related to decreased stimulus-driven attention. Together, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that threat bias but not sad bias relies on stimulus-driven attention. These results inform the design of attention bias modification programs that aim to reverse threat biases and reduce symptoms associated with pediatric anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Campus Box 8511, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - James J Hudziak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 1 South Prospect, UHC St. Joseph's Room 3213, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Michael S Gaffrey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Campus Box 8511, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Campus Box 8511, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Psychology, Washington University School of Medicine, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1125, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.,Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1125, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Campus Box 8511, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Sylvester CM, Barch DM, Harms MP, Belden AC, Oakberg TJ, Gold AL, White LK, Benson BE, Troller-Renfree S, Degnan KA, Henderson HA, Luby JL, Fox NA, Pine DS. Early Childhood Behavioral Inhibition Predicts Cortical Thickness in Adulthood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 55:122-9.e1. [PMID: 26802779 PMCID: PMC4724382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Behavioral inhibition (BI) during early childhood predicts risk for anxiety disorders and altered cognitive control in adolescence. Although BI has been linked to variation in brain function through adulthood, few studies have examined relations between early childhood BI and adult brain structure. METHOD The relation between early childhood BI and cortical thickness in adulthood was examined in a cohort of individuals followed since early childhood (N = 53, mean age 20.5 years). Analyses tested whether anxiety and/or cognitive control during adolescence moderated relations between BI and cortical thickness. Cognitive control was measured with the Eriksen Flanker Task. Initial analyses examined cortical thickness in regions of interest previously implicated in BI, anxiety disorders, and cognitive control: dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC), anterior insula (aI), and subgenual anterior cingulate (sgACC); and volumes of the amygdala and hippocampus. Exploratory analyses examined relations across the prefrontal cortex. RESULTS BI during early childhood related to thinner dACC in adulthood. Neither anxiety nor cognitive control moderated this relation. A stronger congruency effect on the Eriksen Flanker Task during adolescence independently related to thinner dACC in adulthood. Higher anxiety during adolescence related to thicker cortex in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) in adulthood among those with low BI as children. CONCLUSION Temperament in early childhood and the interaction between temperament and later anxiety relate to adult brain structure. These results are consistent with prior work associating BI and anxiety with functional brain variability in the dACC and VLPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea L. Gold
- The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lauren K. White
- The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brenda E. Benson
- The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | - Joan L. Luby
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis
| | | | - Daniel S. Pine
- The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD
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Rogers CE, Barch DM, Sylvester CM, Pagliaccio D, Harms MP, Botteron KN, Luby JL. Altered gray matter volume and school age anxiety in children born late preterm. J Pediatr 2014; 165:928-35. [PMID: 25108541 PMCID: PMC4252475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if late preterm (LP) children differ from full term (FT) children in volumes of the cortex, hippocampus, corpus callosum, or amygdala and whether these differences are associated with anxiety symptoms at school-age. STUDY DESIGN LP children born between 34 and 36 weeks gestation and FT children born between 39 and 41 weeks gestation from a larger longitudinal cohort had magnetic resonance imaging scans at school-age. Brain volumes, cortical surface area, and thickness measures were obtained. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using a structured diagnostic interview annually beginning at preschool-age and following the magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS LP children (n = 21) had a smaller percentage of total, right parietal, and right temporal lobe gray matter volume than FT children (n = 87). There were no differences in hippocampal, callosal, or amygdala volumes or cortical thickness. LP children also had a relative decrease in right parietal lobe cortical surface area. LP children had greater anxiety symptoms over all assessments. The relationship between late prematurity and school-age anxiety symptoms was mediated by the relative decrease in right temporal lobe volume. CONCLUSIONS LP children, comprising 70% of preterm children, are also at increased risk for altered brain development particularly in the right temporal and parietal cortices. Alterations in the right temporal lobe cortical volume may underlie the increased rate of anxiety symptoms among these LP children. These findings suggest that LP delivery may disrupt temporal and parietal cortical development that persists until school-age with the right temporal lobe conferring risk for elevated anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; The Program in Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - David Pagliaccio
- The Program in Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kelly N Botteron
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Sylvester CM, Barch DM, Corbetta M, Power JD, Schlaggar BL, Luby JL. Resting state functional connectivity of the ventral attention network in children with a history of depression or anxiety. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013; 52:1326-1336.e5. [PMID: 24290465 PMCID: PMC3918493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether depression and anxiety disorders in early childhood were associated with changes in resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the ventral attention network (VAN), and whether RSFC in the VAN was associated with alterations in attention specific to these disorders. Important clinical features of these illnesses, including changes in attention toward novel stimuli and changes in attention to stimuli of negative valence (threat/sad bias), indirectly implicate the VAN. METHOD We collected resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data in children aged 8 to 12 years. Data were volume censored to reduce artifact from submillimeter movement, resulting in analyzable data from 30 children with a history of depression and/or anxiety and 42 children with no psychiatric history. We compared pairwise RSFC among the following VAN regions: right ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), right posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), and right ventral supramarginal gyrus (vSMG). We also collected measures of threat bias and current clinical symptoms. RESULTS Children with a history of depression and/or anxiety had reduced RSFC among the regions of the VAN compared to children with no psychiatric history. The magnitude of VAN RSFC was correlated with measures of attention bias toward threat but not with current depressive, internalizing, or externalizing symptoms. No RSFC changes were detected between groups among homotopic left hemisphere regions. CONCLUSIONS Disruption in the VAN may be an early feature of depression and anxiety disorders. VAN changes were associated with attention bias and clinical history but not with current symptoms of depression and anxiety.
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Sylvester CM, Corbetta M, Raichle ME, Rodebaugh TL, Schlaggar BL, Sheline YI, Zorumski CF, Lenze EJ. Functional network dysfunction in anxiety and anxiety disorders. Trends Neurosci 2012; 35:527-35. [PMID: 22658924 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A recent paradigm shift in systems neuroscience is the division of the human brain into functional networks. Functional networks are collections of brain regions with strongly correlated activity both at rest and during cognitive tasks, and each network is believed to implement a different aspect of cognition. We propose here that anxiety disorders and high trait anxiety are associated with a particular pattern of functional network dysfunction: increased functioning of the cingulo-opercular and ventral attention networks as well as decreased functioning of the fronto-parietal and default mode networks. This functional network model can be used to differentiate the pathology of anxiety disorders from other psychiatric illnesses such as major depression and provides targets for novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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Tang W, Bressler SL, Sylvester CM, Shulman GL, Corbetta M. Measuring Granger causality between cortical regions from voxelwise fMRI BOLD signals with LASSO. PLoS Comput Biol 2012; 8:e1002513. [PMID: 22654651 PMCID: PMC3359965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional brain network studies using the Blood Oxygen-Level Dependent (BOLD) signal from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) are becoming increasingly prevalent in research on the neural basis of human cognition. An important problem in functional brain network analysis is to understand directed functional interactions between brain regions during cognitive performance. This problem has important implications for understanding top-down influences from frontal and parietal control regions to visual occipital cortex in visuospatial attention, the goal motivating the present study. A common approach to measuring directed functional interactions between two brain regions is to first create nodal signals by averaging the BOLD signals of all the voxels in each region, and to then measure directed functional interactions between the nodal signals. Another approach, that avoids averaging, is to measure directed functional interactions between all pairwise combinations of voxels in the two regions. Here we employ an alternative approach that avoids the drawbacks of both averaging and pairwise voxel measures. In this approach, we first use the Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) to pre-select voxels for analysis, then compute a Multivariate Vector AutoRegressive (MVAR) model from the time series of the selected voxels, and finally compute summary Granger Causality (GC) statistics from the model to represent directed interregional interactions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach on both simulated and empirical fMRI data. We also show that averaging regional BOLD activity to create a nodal signal may lead to biased GC estimation of directed interregional interactions. The approach presented here makes it feasible to compute GC between brain regions without the need for averaging. Our results suggest that in the analysis of functional brain networks, careful consideration must be given to the way that network nodes and edges are defined because those definitions may have important implications for the validity of the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
| | - Steven L. Bressler
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chad M. Sylvester
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gordon L. Shulman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Bressler SL, Tang W, Sylvester CM, Shulman GL, Corbetta M. Top-down control of human visual cortex by frontal and parietal cortex in anticipatory visual spatial attention. J Neurosci 2008; 28:10056-61. [PMID: 18829963 PMCID: PMC2583122 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1776-08.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advance information about an impending stimulus facilitates its subsequent identification and ensuing behavioral responses. This facilitation is thought to be mediated by top-down control signals from frontal and parietal cortex that modulate sensory cortical activity. Here we show, using Granger causality measures on blood oxygen level-dependent time series, that frontal eye field (FEF) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) activity predicts visual occipital activity before an expected visual stimulus. Top-down levels of Granger causality from FEF and IPS to visual occipital cortex were significantly greater than both bottom-up and mean cortex-wide levels in all individual subjects and the group. In the group and most individual subjects, Granger causality was significantly greater from FEF to IPS than from IPS to FEF, and significantly greater from both FEF and IPS to intermediate-tier than lower-tier ventral visual areas. Moreover, top-down Granger causality from right IPS to intermediate-tier areas was predictive of correct behavioral performance. These results suggest that FEF and IPS modulate visual occipital cortex, and FEF modulates IPS, in relation to visual attention. The current approach may prove advantageous for the investigation of interregional directed influences in other human brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Bressler
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA.
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Sestieri C, Sylvester CM, Jack AI, d'Avossa G, Shulman GL, Corbetta M. Independence of anticipatory signals for spatial attention from number of nontarget stimuli in the visual field. J Neurophysiol 2008; 100:829-38. [PMID: 18550727 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00030.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Covertly attending to a location modulates the activity of visual areas even in the absence of visual stimulation. These effects are widespread, being found in the cortical representations of both attended and unattended portions of the visual field. It is not clear, however, whether preparatory modulations depend on subjects' expectation regarding the presence of additional nontarget stimuli in the visual field. Here, we asked subjects to endogenously direct attention to a peripheral location in the upper visual field, to identify the orientation of a low-contrast target stimulus, and we manipulated the number and behavioral relevance of other low-contrast nontarget stimuli in the visual field. Anticipatory (i.e., prestimulus) blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal increments in visual cortex were strongest at the contralateral attended location, whereas signal decrements were strongest at the unattended mirror-opposite ipsilateral location/region of visual cortex. Importantly, these strong anticipatory decrements were not related to the presence/absence of nontarget low-contrast stimuli and did not correlate with either weaker target-evoked responses or worse performance. Second, the presence of other low-contrast stimuli in the visual field, even when potential targets, did not modify the anticipatory signal modulation either at target or nontarget locations. We conclude that the topography of spatial attention-related anticipatory BOLD signal modulation across visual cortex, specifically decrements at unattended locations, is mainly determined by processes at the cued location and not by the number or behavioral relevance of distant low-contrast nontarget stimuli elsewhere in the visual field.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sestieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Bioimaging, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony I Jack
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Abstract
The viral transneuronal labeling method was used to examine whether the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is linked by multisynaptic connections to the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat. In separate experiments, pseudorabies virus (PRV) was injected into one of the three different cytoarchitectonic regions that comprise the medial prefrontal cortex: infralimbic (Brodmann area 25), prelimbic (Brodmann area 32), and cingulate (Brodmann area 24) cortical areas. After 4-days survival, extensive SCN transneuronal labeling was found following infralimbic cortex (ILC) injections, but almost none occurred when the PRV injections were centered in the prelimbic or cingulate areas. In the ILC cases, transneuronal labeling was localized mainly in the dorsomedial SCN, although a moderate number of labeled neurons were found in the ventrolateral SCN. About 13% of the infected neurons were vasopressin immunoreactive and 4% were vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-positive. Another set of experiments was performed in which the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) was destroyed 2 weeks prior to making PRV injections into the ILC. Almost no SCN transneuronal labeling occurred in these animals, suggesting that the SCN projection to the ILC is dependent on a relay in the PVT. We propose that the SCN sends timing signals, via its relay in the PVT, to the ILC. This pathway may modulate higher-level brain functions, such as attention, mood, or working memory. Assuming that a homologous circuit exists in humans, we speculate that neurochemical changes affecting this pathway may account for some of the symptoms associated with clinical depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Sylvester
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, P.O. Box 8108, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
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Kawabori I, Stevenson JG, Dooley TK, Phillips DJ, Sylvester CM, Guntheroth WG. The significance of carotid bruits in children: transmitted murmur or vascular origin, studies by pulsed Doppler ultrasound. Am Heart J 1979; 98:160-7. [PMID: 453018 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(79)90216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Forty-four youngsters with precordial murmurs and carotid bruits were evaluated clinically and independently, using pulsed Doppler ultrasound. The precordial murmur was evaluated with M-mode echocardiography combined with Doppler flow evaluation, and the carotid bruit was evaluated with peripheral vascular sector scan with Doppler flow evaluation. These ultrasonic techniques can identify abnormal blood flow at anatomic sites such as the aortic valve and in the carotid arteries. The patients had no symptoms and their condition, except for six, was mild enough that catheterization was not indicated. The clinical diagnosis of aortic stenosis was made in 30 children, and nine were thought to have no heart disease. On the basis of the ultrasonic examinations, 28 patients were diagnosed as having aortic stenosis and seven subjects had no intracardiac turbulence. However, there was disagreement in 14 instances; four of the six clinical "normals" were found to have aortic stenosis by pulsed Doppler echocardiography; six patients diagnosed as having mild aortic stenosis on a clinical basis were found to have no aortic abnormality. The results confirm that aortic stenosis usually presents as a murmur maximal in the aortic area, which is associated with a carotid bruit. Unfortunately, in at least one-fourth of the cases the murmur was not maximal at the aortic area, and a carotid bruit was found in several normal subjects. Since the consequences of over- or under-diagnosis of aortic stenosis are substantial, careful thought should be given to the differential diagnosis, and if possible, pulsed Doppler echocardiography should be utilized for a definitive statement of aortic valve-induced turbulence.
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