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Toner YC, Prévot G, van Leent MMT, Munitz J, Oosterwijk R, Verschuur AVD, van Elsas Y, Peric V, Maas RJF, Ranzenigo A, Morla-Folch J, Wang W, Umali M, de Dreu A, Fernandes JC, Sullivan NAT, Maier A, Mason C, Reiner T, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJM, Teunissen AJP, Pérez-Medina C. Macrophage PET imaging in mouse models of cardiovascular disease and cancer with an apolipoprotein-inspired radiotracer. Npj Imaging 2024; 2:12. [PMID: 38765879 PMCID: PMC11096117 DOI: 10.1038/s44303-024-00009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are key inflammatory mediators in many pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This makes macrophage burden a valuable diagnostic marker and several strategies to monitor these cells have been reported. However, such strategies are often high-priced, non-specific, invasive, and/or not quantitative. Here, we developed a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer based on apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), the main protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which has an inherent affinity for macrophages. We radiolabeled an ApoA1-mimetic peptide (mA1) with zirconium-89 (89Zr) to generate a lipoprotein-avid PET probe (89Zr-mA1). We first characterized 89Zr-mA1's affinity for lipoproteins in vitro by size exclusion chromatography. To study 89Zr-mA1's in vivo behavior and interaction with endogenous lipoproteins, we performed extensive studies in wildtype C57BL/6 and Apoe-/- hypercholesterolemic mice. Subsequently, we used in vivo PET imaging to study macrophages in melanoma and myocardial infarction using mouse models. The tracer's cell specificity was assessed by histology and mass cytometry (CyTOF). Our data show that 89Zr-mA1 associates with lipoproteins in vitro. This is in line with our in vivo experiments, in which we observed longer 89Zr-mA1 circulation times in hypercholesterolemic mice compared to C57BL/6 controls. 89Zr-mA1 displayed a tissue distribution profile similar to ApoA1 and HDL, with high kidney and liver uptake as well as substantial signal in the bone marrow and spleen. The tracer also accumulated in tumors of melanoma-bearing mice and in the ischemic myocardium of infarcted animals. In these sites, CyTOF analyses revealed that natZr-mA1 was predominantly taken up by macrophages. Our results demonstrate that 89Zr-mA1 associates with lipoproteins and hence accumulates in macrophages in vivo. 89Zr-mA1's high uptake in these cells makes it a promising radiotracer for non-invasively and quantitatively studying conditions characterized by marked changes in macrophage burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohana C. Toner
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Geoffrey Prévot
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Mandy M. T. van Leent
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Jazz Munitz
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Roderick Oosterwijk
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Vera D. Verschuur
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Yuri van Elsas
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vedran Peric
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne J. F. Maas
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Ranzenigo
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Judit Morla-Folch
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - William Wang
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Martin Umali
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Anne de Dreu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Chimene Fernandes
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Nathaniel A. T. Sullivan
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Alexander Maier
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Mason
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Willem J. M. Mulder
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham J. P. Teunissen
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Carlos Pérez-Medina
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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Fergusson M, Maley M, Geraghty T, Albaladejo JP, Mason C, Rocchi MS. Validation of a multiplex-tandem RT-PCR for the detection of bovine respiratory disease complex using Scottish bovine lung samples. Vet J 2024; 303:106058. [PMID: 38103886 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The welfare and economic impact of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), and its associated antibiotic usage, are major challenges to cattle rearing and beef cattle finishing industries. Accurate pathogen diagnosis is important to undertake appropriate treatment and long-term management strategies, such as vaccine selection. Conventional diagnostic approaches have several limitations including high costs, long turnaround times and difficulty in test interpretation, which could delay treatment decisions and lead to unnecessary animal losses. We describe the validation of a multiplex-tandem (MT) reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of seven common pathogens associated with BRDC. This test has the potential to advance pathogen identification and to overcome many of the limitations of current testing methods. It requires a single sample and results are obtained quickly and not influenced by prior antimicrobial therapy or overgrowth of contaminating organisms. We demonstrated a test specificity of 100% and sensitivity ranging from 93.5% to 100% for these seven common pathogens. This test will be a useful addition to advance BRDC investigation and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fergusson
- SRUC Veterinary and Analytical Services, Pentland Science Park, Bush Loan Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - M Maley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Scotland EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - T Geraghty
- SRUC Veterinary and Analytical Services, Pentland Science Park, Bush Loan Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - J Palarea Albaladejo
- Department of Computer Sciences, Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain; Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, The King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FD, UK
| | - C Mason
- SRUC Veterinary and Analytical Services, Pentland Science Park, Bush Loan Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - M S Rocchi
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Scotland EH26 0PZ, UK.
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James J, Robinson C, Mason C, Richards C, West K, Morgan B. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a post-mortem CT service for adult non-suspicious death. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:822-831. [PMID: 37827592 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) service was expanded from three to seven cases per day to help mortuary services and avoid invasive autopsy. Additional targeted angiography and pulmonary ventilation procedures were stopped and triage rules relaxed to allow more indications to be scanned, including those requiring toxicology. A service evaluation was performed for the first 3-months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the equivalent period the previous year to study the impact of these changes. It was found that, despite the increase in deaths regionally, coronial referrals remained about 100 per month, a reduction in referral rate. The number undergoing PMCT rose from 28% to 74% of cases. Turnaround time remained the same. For cases triaged to PMCT, the need for subsequent autopsy increased from 7.9% to 15.8%. No significant changes were seen in diagnosis rates, including cardiac or respiratory. There was an increase in patients with coronary death without severe coronary calcification who underwent autopsy after PMCT. These may have been diagnosed by targeted coronary angiography. Fifty-three cases requiring toxicology/biochemistry had PMCT, with 38 having PMCT only. In 8/11 (72.7%) cases with normal PMCT and toxicology as the key diagnostic test, autopsy was performed prior to results. This suggests the pathology team were reluctant to risk an "unascertained" outcome. This study shows that it is possible to increase PMCT services by widening referral criteria and by limiting the use of enhanced imaging techniques, without significantly changing diagnosis rates of key diseases; however, selectively restarting targeted angiography may help avoid autopsy in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J James
- Imaging Department, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - C Robinson
- Imaging Department, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - C Mason
- The Coroner's Court, Town Hall, Town Hall Square, Leicester, UK
| | - C Richards
- Histopathology Department, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - K West
- Histopathology Department, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - B Morgan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Radiology Department, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK.
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Ha JK, Stump KE, Mason C, Andrade J, Biehl K, Potrebko PS. Motion Effects on Spatially Fractionated Lattice Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e667. [PMID: 37785971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The practice of spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT), such as grid and lattice, has been shown to be effective in managing large-size tumors for palliation or more recently for medium-sized tumors with definitive intents. The main feature that differentiates SFRT from standard radiation therapy is the deliberately high degree of dose heterogeneity in the gross tumor volume (GTV). The key parameter in assessing an SFRT plan is the valley-to-peak dose ratio (VPDR), which can be defined as a simple dose ratio between the low- and high-dose region in the tumor. The belief is that the healthy tissues in the low-dose regions of the tumor would serve as centers of tissue repair, while the high dose would kill the cancerous cells and induce the bystander effects. However, the compartments of low- and high-dose regions can be washed out due to motion, for example in cases when the disease is at or near the diaphragm. This work aims at examining motion effects on VPDR and equivalent uniform dose (EUD) in SFRT plans. MATERIALS/METHODS This work focuses on the effects of sinusoidal motion in lattice therapy, a 3D version of SFRT. A lattice VMAT plan with 6X was generated using the treatment planning system. Dose vertices were placed in a body-centered tetragonal lattice in a virtual water phantom. Each vertex was 1 cm3 and received 15 Gy to at least half of its volume. The volume ratio between the lattice and the GTV is about 3%. The distance between the two nearest vertice centers is 3 cm. A sinusoidal motion was introduced in the direction along the line connecting the two nearest neighbors and was binned into 10 phases with equal time intervals. The location of the phantom in each phase was determined by its average amplitude. The effect of the motion was assessed from the sum of all the plans in the 10 bins, each being scaled down by one-tenth of the prescribed dose. Dose coverage between the static and the sum plan is compared. Their difference in the VPDR and normal tissue damage with EUD are evaluated. The EUD was calculated based on Niemierko's formalism. The LQ model was used to estimate cell survival for normal tissues with a and b values of 0.366/Gy and 0.188 Gy2, respectively. RESULTS It is common to have the VPDR at around 1/3 or lower. Our study shows that it increases from 0.26 to 0.55 for the 1.5 cm motion and the EUD for normal tissue from 5 to 7 Gy. See Table 1 for more results. A large VPDR can reduce the ability of healthy tissues in the low-dose area for repair and a lower maximum dose in the vertices may diminish the bystander effects. CONCLUSION Motion may increase VPDR and normal tissue damage. Motion techniques such as gating or tracking can be used on disease sites subjected to respiratory motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Ha
- GenesisCare USA, Salinas, CA
| | - K E Stump
- 21 Century Oncology, Santa Maria, CA, United States
| | - C Mason
- GenesisCare USA, Kennewick, WA
| | - J Andrade
- Coastal Radiation Oncology, Salinas, CA
| | - K Biehl
- Coastal Radiation Oncology, Salinas, CA
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Luo L, Liu W, Palovcak A, Yuan F, Li F, Calkins D, Li Y, Briegel K, Bilbao D, Roberts E, Mason C, Liu ZJ, Daunert S, Zhang Y. Abstract 3983: Defining the role of FANCA in breast cancer development and cell cycle progression. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
FANCA is one of the 22 known Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway genes and is indispensable for interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair. It is reported that FANCA is responsible for about 64% of FA cases and one important clinical characterization of FA patients is predisposition to cancer. However, analysis of TCGA database reveals that FANCA level is elevated in breast cancer patients, especially in ER- breast cancer, which is associated with the methylation status at the S-shore of CpG island ahead of FANCA gene. Moreover, the FANCA level is negatively correlated with the survival rate of breast cancer patients. To understand the implication of FANCA in breast cancer development, we have targeted FANCA by either CRISPR mediated knock-out (KO) or shRNA mediated knockdown (KD) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Our data suggest that depletion of FANCA protein inhibits breast cancer growth both in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, overexpressing FANCA in low-FANCA breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 promotes cancer cell proliferation. Cell cycle profiling reveals an inefficiency of MDA-MB-231 FANCA KO cells in G1 to S transition due to p21 and p27 upregulation in FANCA KO cells. In addition, the proliferation inefficiency in MDA-MB-231 FANCA KO cells is caused by Rb hypophosphorylation. Therefore, we conclude that FANCA contributes to the breast cancer development by promoting cell cycle progression through Rb/E2F signaling pathway. Our immunoprecipitation (IP) results indicate that in MDA-MB-231, FANCA is interacting with HES1, which is a transcription suppressor that binds to the promoter region of CDKN1A and CDKN1B to promote cell cycle progression, explaining how FANCA participates in cell cycle progression in breast cancer.
Citation Format: Liang Luo, Wenjun Liu, Anna Palovcak, Fenghua Yuan, Fang Li, Daniel Calkins, Yan Li, Karoline Briegel, Daniel Bilbao, Evan Roberts, Christian Mason, Zhao-Jun Liu, Sylvia Daunert, Yanbin Zhang. Defining the role of FANCA in breast cancer development and cell cycle progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3983.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Wenjun Liu
- 2Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anna Palovcak
- 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Fenghua Yuan
- 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Fang Li
- 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Daniel Calkins
- 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Yan Li
- 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | - Daniel Bilbao
- 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Evan Roberts
- 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | - Zhao-Jun Liu
- 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- 1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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Mason C, Edwards S, Packer S, Mahmood K, Gupta A. 1360 REVIEW OF OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS ADMITTED TO AN ENHANCED ASSESSMENT BED AT AN INTERMEDIATE CARE UNIT. Age Ageing 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac322.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The Norman Power Centre (NPC) is an Intermediate Care Unit, in Birmingham, UK, providing enhanced assessment beds (EAB) where patients undergo functional assessment after an acute admission. There is little published data regarding the outcomes for patients admitted to EAB, so we set out to analyse outcomes in our unit.
Method
Data was collected from 50 patients who were discharged from EAB between September 2021 and March 2022.
Results
The mean length of stay was 36 days, median was 29 days. Of the 50 patients: 4 went home with no services, 9 went home with Early Intervention Community Team (EICT) support, 5 went home with package of care (not EICT), 13 went to new residential home placements, 6 went to new nursing home placements, 11 were re-admitted to hospital, 1 died and 1 received palliative care. 28 patients went to the destination that was originally intended on admission, 9 went to a less restrictive option and 12 required a higher dependency destination (predominantly re-admission to hospital.) The change in Elderly Mobility Scale from admission to discharge ranged from -1 to +15. Mode and median were both 0 and mean change was +2. 49 patients had Barthel scores on admission and discharge. Change in score ranged between -1 and +9. Mode and median change was 0, and mean was +1.7.
Conclusions
This data shows positive outcomes in terms of discharging most patients to their intended, or better, destinations. It also gives us an objective measure of the change in functional status that patients are achieving during their stay. There is a high rate of hospital re-admissions, indicating the unstable nature of the health of frail people. We are now ready to move onto a PDSA cycle to see if we can improve outcomes for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mason
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust The Norman Power Centre,
| | - S Edwards
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham Healthcare for Older People,
| | - S Packer
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham Healthcare for Older People,
| | - K Mahmood
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust The Norman Power Centre,
| | - A Gupta
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham Healthcare for Older People,
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Carrott MJ, Maher CJ, Mason C, Sarsfield MJ, Whittaker D, Taylor RJ. Experimental Test of a Process Upset in the EURO-GANEX Process and Spectroscopic Study of the Product. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2022.2136488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Carrott
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale, UK
| | - C. J. Maher
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale, UK
| | - C. Mason
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale, UK
| | - M. J. Sarsfield
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale, UK
| | - D. Whittaker
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale, UK
| | - R. J. Taylor
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale, UK
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Cosgrave N, Stankard A, Walsh J, Walsh S, Mulroy M, Mason C. 293 PRE-ADMISSION POTENTIALLY INAPPROPRIATE PRESCRIBING PREVALENCE ON A CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT MEDICAL WARD. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing (PIP) is a common but critical issue in care of the older adult. It is estimated that between 50 and 70% of those over 65 years are receiving at least one potentially inappropriate medication. Polypharmacy is a good indicator of PIP as it can indicate over- and inappropriate prescribing through prescribing cascade, exposing patients to risks of drug interactions and Adverse Drug Events (ADEs). 10-20% of hospital admissions of older adults are directly related to ADE of inappropriately prescribed drugs.
Methods
Point prevalence study using the ‘Screening Tool of Older Persons Prescriptions’ (STOPP) to identify PIPs on a geriatric medicine ward. Patients over 65 years of age admitted from home were included in the study. Patients’ pre-admission medications and changes made to these were assessed using STOPP.
Results
Sixteen patients out of 22 met the inclusion criteria. The average age of the patients included in the study was 82.3 years with a range from 70 to 88 years. 75% were female. 94% had polypharmacy prior to admission with an average of 2.25 PIPs (range 0 to 5). 43% (n=7) had all their PIPs addressed by a geriatrician as per STOPP, with a further 18% (n=3) having some of their PIPs altered. 25% (n=4) did not have any alterations to their PIPs.
Conclusion
Despite widely known impacts of PIPs on older adults, PIP remains highly prevalent in those admitted to hospital. PIP and polypharmacy can increase incident frailty two-fold and polypharmacy and frailty can lead to a 6-fold increase in mortality within two and a half years. We must actively educate all those involved in prescribing for this cohort of patients to reduce PIPs and their adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cosgrave
- Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Drogheda , Drogheda, Ireland
| | - A Stankard
- Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Drogheda , Drogheda, Ireland
| | - J Walsh
- Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Drogheda , Drogheda, Ireland
| | - S Walsh
- Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Drogheda , Drogheda, Ireland
| | - M Mulroy
- Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Drogheda , Drogheda, Ireland
| | - C Mason
- Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Drogheda , Drogheda, Ireland
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Toner YC, Ghotbi AA, Naidu S, Sakurai K, van Leent MMT, Jordan S, Ordikhani F, Amadori L, Sofias AM, Fisher EL, Maier A, Sullivan N, Munitz J, Senders ML, Mason C, Reiner T, Soultanidis G, Tarkin JM, Rudd JHF, Giannarelli C, Ochando J, Pérez-Medina C, Kjaer A, Mulder WJM, Fayad ZA, Calcagno C. Systematically evaluating DOTATATE and FDG as PET immuno-imaging tracers of cardiovascular inflammation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6185. [PMID: 35418569 PMCID: PMC9007951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cardiovascular immuno-imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) has undergone tremendous progress in preclinical settings. Clinically, two approved PET tracers hold great potential for inflammation imaging in cardiovascular patients, namely FDG and DOTATATE. While the former is a widely applied metabolic tracer, DOTATATE is a relatively new PET tracer targeting the somatostatin receptor 2 (SST2). In the current study, we performed a detailed, head-to-head comparison of DOTATATE-based radiotracers and [18F]F-FDG in mouse and rabbit models of cardiovascular inflammation. For mouse experiments, we labeled DOTATATE with the long-lived isotope [64Cu]Cu to enable studying the tracer's mode of action by complementing in vivo PET/CT experiments with thorough ex vivo immunological analyses. For translational PET/MRI rabbit studies, we employed the more widely clinically used [68Ga]Ga-labeled DOTATATE, which was approved by the FDA in 2016. DOTATATE's pharmacokinetics and timed biodistribution were determined in control and atherosclerotic mice and rabbits by ex vivo gamma counting of blood and organs. Additionally, we performed in vivo PET/CT experiments in mice with atherosclerosis, mice subjected to myocardial infarction and control animals, using both [64Cu]Cu-DOTATATE and [18F]F-FDG. To evaluate differences in the tracers' cellular specificity, we performed ensuing ex vivo flow cytometry and gamma counting. In mice subjected to myocardial infarction, in vivo [64Cu]Cu-DOTATATE PET showed higher differential uptake between infarcted (SUVmax 1.3, IQR, 1.2-1.4, N = 4) and remote myocardium (SUVmax 0.7, IQR, 0.5-0.8, N = 4, p = 0.0286), and with respect to controls (SUVmax 0.6, IQR, 0.5-0.7, N = 4, p = 0.0286), than [18F]F-FDG PET. In atherosclerotic mice, [64Cu]Cu-DOTATATE PET aortic signal, but not [18F]F-FDG PET, was higher compared to controls (SUVmax 1.1, IQR, 0.9-1.3 and 0.5, IQR, 0.5-0.6, respectively, N = 4, p = 0.0286). In both models, [64Cu]Cu-DOTATATE demonstrated preferential accumulation in macrophages with respect to other myeloid cells, while [18F]F-FDG was taken up by macrophages and other leukocytes. In a translational PET/MRI study in atherosclerotic rabbits, we then compared [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE and [18F]F-FDG for the assessment of aortic inflammation, combined with ex vivo radiometric assays and near-infrared imaging of macrophage burden. Rabbit experiments showed significantly higher aortic accumulation of both [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE and [18F]F-FDG in atherosclerotic (SUVmax 0.415, IQR, 0.338-0.499, N = 32 and 0.446, IQR, 0.387-0.536, N = 27, respectively) compared to control animals (SUVmax 0.253, IQR, 0.197-0.285, p = 0.0002, N = 10 and 0.349, IQR, 0.299-0.423, p = 0.0159, N = 11, respectively). In conclusion, we present a detailed, head-to-head comparison of the novel SST2-specific tracer DOTATATE and the validated metabolic tracer [18F]F-FDG for the evaluation of inflammation in small animal models of cardiovascular disease. Our results support further investigations on the use of DOTATATE to assess cardiovascular inflammation as a complementary readout to the widely used [18F]F-FDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohana C Toner
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, PO Box: 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adam A Ghotbi
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, PO Box: 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonum Naidu
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, PO Box: 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ken Sakurai
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, PO Box: 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mandy M T van Leent
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, PO Box: 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Jordan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Farideh Ordikhani
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Letizia Amadori
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- New York University Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandros Marios Sofias
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, PO Box: 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elizabeth L Fisher
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, PO Box: 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Maier
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, PO Box: 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Sullivan
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, PO Box: 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jazz Munitz
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, PO Box: 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Max L Senders
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, PO Box: 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Mason
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology and Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Georgios Soultanidis
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, PO Box: 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason M Tarkin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James H F Rudd
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- New York University Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Transplant Immunology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Pérez-Medina
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, PO Box: 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, PO Box: 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, PO Box: 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Calcagno
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, PO Box: 1234, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Denholm K, Haggerty A, Mason C, Ellis K. Comparison of testing for failure of passive transfer in calf serum using four different testing methods. Vet J 2022; 281:105812. [PMID: 35248685 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Failure of passive transfer (FPT) in calves is defined as failure to absorb colostral antibodies sufficient to achieve a serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration of >10g/L within the first week of life. The aim of this study was to compare four different tests to diagnose FPT in a convenience sample of 1-7 day old dairy calves in Scotland. Published cutpoints for Brix and total protein (TP) refractometry and zinc sulphate turbidity (ZST) were compared with the reference test radial immunodiffusion (RID) for suitability to detect FPT. In addition, the current commercial RID reference test offered in Scotland was validated. FPT prevalence was estimated to be 14.17% (95% confidence intervals, 10.58 - 17.75) based on RID test results. There was moderate agreement between the reference (RID) and indirect tests (kappa=0.28 for Brix; 0.34 for TP; 0.24 for ZST). Brix and TP refractometry underestimated IgG concentration, resulting in an overestimation of FPT prevalence (40.54% and 29.46%, respectively). Similarly, ZST overestimated the prevalence of FPT (46.29%), but the variability was more consistent across all IgG concentrations. The performance of all three indirect methods was improved by lowering test cutpoints (to 5g/dL for TP; 8.2% for Brix; 15 units for ZST) which improved test specificity and accuracy of these screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Denholm
- Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, University of Glasgow School of Veterinary Medicine, 464 Bearsden Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
| | - A Haggerty
- Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, University of Glasgow School of Veterinary Medicine, 464 Bearsden Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - C Mason
- Scotland's Rural College Veterinary Services, Dumfries Disease Surveillance Centre, St Mary's Industrial Estate, Dumfries, DG1 1DX, Scotland, UK
| | - K Ellis
- Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, University of Glasgow School of Veterinary Medicine, 464 Bearsden Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
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11
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Warford L, Mason C, Lonsdale J, Bersuder P, Blake S, Evans N, Thomas B, James D. A reassessment of TBT action levels for determining the fate of dredged sediments in the United Kingdom. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 176:113439. [PMID: 35183026 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As part of reviewing the United Kingdom (UK) action levels (ALs) of contaminants for managing the disposal of dredged marine sediment material, tributyl tin (TBT) has been reassessed. TBT is a banned biocide capable of causing severe harm to the marine environment. Its presence is routinely screened for prior to marine disposal of dredged sediment material. Dredged sediment TBT concentrations have been studied using UK monitoring data obtained between 2000 and 2018. The changes in these TBT concentrations have guided the reassessment of ALs. Recent toxicity studies have also guided the reassessment of TBT ALs. This study, which itself forms part of a larger review by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, has concluded that current UK TBT ALs may no longer be fit for purpose. A more environmentally protective approach for controlling release of TBT into the marine environment is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Warford
- Cefas, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - C Mason
- Cefas, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | | | | | - S Blake
- Cefas, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - N Evans
- Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - B Thomas
- Cefas, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - D James
- Cefas, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
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12
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Charles Sifford M, Dailey R, Reif R, Hutchison M, Mason C, Kimbrough K, Davis B, Bhavaraju A, Jensen HK, Robertson R, Taylor J, Beck W, Sexton K. CDC field triage criteria accurately predicts outcomes in high impact trauma. J Inj Violence Res 2022; 14:115-124. [PMID: 35137693 PMCID: PMC9115808 DOI: 10.5249/jivr.v14i1.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precision of emergency medical services (EMS) triage criteria dictates whether an injured patient receives appropriate care. The trauma triage protocol is a decision scheme that groups patients into triage categories of major, moderate and minor. We hypothesized that there is a difference between trauma triage category and injury severity score (ISS). METHODS This retrospective, observational study was conducted to investigate a difference between trauma triage category and ISS. Bivariate analysis was used to test for differences between the subgroup means. The differences between the group means on each measure were analyzed for direction and statistical significance using ANOVA for continuous variables and chi square tests for categorical variables. Logistic and linear regressions were performed to evaluate factors predicting mortality, ICU length of stay. RESULTS With respect to trauma triage category, our findings indicate that minor and moderate triage categories are similar with respect to ISS, GCS, ICU LOS, hospital LOS, and mortality. However, after excluding for low impact injuries (falls), differences between the minor and moderate categories were evident when comparing to ISS, GCS, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS. Additionally, after excluding for low impact injures, ISS, ICU LOS, and hospital stay were found to correlate well with trauma triage category. CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective, observational study significant differences were not seen when comparing ISS with the trauma triage categories of moderate and minor during our initial analysis. However, a difference was found after excluding for low impact injuries. These findings suggest that CDC criteria accurately predicts outcomes in high impact trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Charles Sifford
- a Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - R. Dailey
- a Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - R. Reif
- a Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - M. Hutchison
- b Metropolitan Emergency Medical Services, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - C. Mason
- b Metropolitan Emergency Medical Services, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - K. Kimbrough
- a Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - B. Davis
- a Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - A. Bhavaraju
- a Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - H. K Jensen
- a Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - R. Robertson
- a Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - J. Taylor
- a Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - W.C. Beck
- a Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Kevin Sexton
- a Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
,
Kevin W. Sexton: MD, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72205. Tel: 501-686-7000; (Sexton KW.). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1460-9867
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13
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Sarsfield MJ, Carrott MJ, Maher CJ, Mason C, Sanderson R, Taylor RJ, Tinsley TP, Whittaker D, Woodhead DA. An Alternative Solvent Extraction Flowsheet for Separating 237Np from 238Pu for Space Power Applications. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2021.1939177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Sarsfield
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Cumbria, UK, CA20 1PG
| | - M. J. Carrott
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Cumbria, UK, CA20 1PG
| | - C. J. Maher
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Cumbria, UK, CA20 1PG
| | - C. Mason
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Cumbria, UK, CA20 1PG
| | - R. Sanderson
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Cumbria, UK, CA20 1PG
| | - R. J. Taylor
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Cumbria, UK, CA20 1PG
| | - T. P. Tinsley
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Cumbria, UK, CA20 1PG
| | - D. Whittaker
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Cumbria, UK, CA20 1PG
| | - D. A. Woodhead
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Cumbria, UK, CA20 1PG
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Duthie CA, Bowen JM, Bell DJ, Miller GA, Mason C, Haskell MJ. Feeding behaviour and activity as early indicators of disease in pre-weaned dairy calves. Animal 2020; 15:100150. [PMID: 33573932 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Across the industry, there is large variation in health status of dairy calves and as a result, disease incidence and antibiotic use is high. This has significant implications for animal welfare, productivity and profitability of dairy and dairy-beef production systems. Technology-based early detection systems could alleviate these issues; however, methods of early detection of disease in dairy calves have not been widely explored. This study aimed to determine whether changes in activity and feeding behaviour can be used as early warning indicators of respiratory disease in calves. In total, 100 pre-weaned male Holstein calves (age: ~8-42 days) were used. Calves were group-housed and provided with starter diet, straw bedding and ad libitum water. Calves were fed milk replacer ad libitum through an automatic calf feeder, and each calf was fitted with a leg-mounted activity monitor. Daily activity and feeding behaviour variables were calculated for each calf. Each calf was assessed daily using a modified version of the Wisconsin Scoring System to assess respiratory disease status. Calves were classed as 'Diseased', 'Intermediate' or 'Healthy' based on their cumulative health score. The peak day of the most extreme illness event was identified for each calf. Data from Diseased and Healthy calves were paired for analysis based on age and BW. Data were compared for the day of peak illness, and for the 3 days previous and post. Compared to healthy calves, diseased calves lay for longer and tended to have longer lying bouts (daily lying: 17.6 ± 0.3 vs 16.7 ± 0.2 h, P < 0.01; bout length: 74.8 ± 10.6 vs 56.0 ± 3.7 min, P = 0.09 for diseased and healthy calves, respectively). Diseased calves fed for a shorter time and had fewer feeder visits (with intake) each day compared to healthy calves (feeding time (min): 19.3 ± 1.4 vs 22.8 ± 1.5; P < 0.05; visits: 2.1 ± 0.2 vs 3.2 ± 0.4; P < 0.05). Importantly, differences between diseased and healthy calves were evident in both activity and feeding behaviour on the days prior to the peak day of disease. Lying bout length was greater in diseased calves for the 2 days prior to the peak day (P < 0.05), lying time was longer on day -1 (P < 0.05) and feeder visits with milk intake were less frequent on day -3 (P < 0.05). Thus, measurement of feeding and activity using precision technology within early detection systems could facilitate early intervention and optimized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-A Duthie
- Beef and Sheep Research Centre, Department of Agriculture, Horticulture and Engineering Sciences, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
| | - J M Bowen
- Beef and Sheep Research Centre, Department of Agriculture, Horticulture and Engineering Sciences, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - D J Bell
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Team, Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - G A Miller
- Beef and Sheep Research Centre, Department of Agriculture, Horticulture and Engineering Sciences, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - C Mason
- SRUC Veterinary Services, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - M J Haskell
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Team, Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
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15
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Demétrio de Souza França P, Guru N, Roberts S, Kossatz S, Mason C, Abrahão M, Ghossein RA, Patel SG, Reiner T. Fluorescence-guided resection of tumors in mouse models of oral cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11175. [PMID: 32636416 PMCID: PMC7341853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete removal and negative margins are the goal of any surgical resection of primary oral cavity carcinoma. Current approaches to determine tumor boundaries rely heavily on surgeons' expertise, and final histopathological reports are usually only available days after surgery, precluding contemporaneous re-assessment of positive margins. Intraoperative optical imaging could address this unmet clinical need. Using mouse models of oral cavity carcinoma, we demonstrated that PARPi-FL, a fluorescent PARP inhibitor targeting the enzyme PARP1/2, can delineate oral cancer and accurately identify positive margins, both macroscopically and at cellular resolution. PARPi-FL also allowed identification of compromised margins based on fluorescence hotspots, which were not seen in margin-negative resections and control tongues. PARPi-FL was further able to differentiate tumor from low-grade dysplasia. Intravenous injection of PARPi-FL has significant potential for clinical translation and could aid surgeons in assessing oral cancer margins in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Demétrio de Souza França
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Navjot Guru
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sheryl Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Mason
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marcio Abrahão
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronald A Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Snehal G Patel
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Demétrio de Souza França P, Roberts S, Kossatz S, Guru N, Mason C, Zanoni DK, Abrahão M, Schöder H, Ganly I, Patel SG, Reiner T. Fluorine-18 labeled poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase1 inhibitor as a potential alternative to 2-deoxy-2-[ 18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography in oral cancer imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 84-85:80-87. [PMID: 32135475 PMCID: PMC7253343 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The evaluation of disease extent and post-therapy surveillance of head and neck cancer using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) PET is often complicated by physiological uptake in normal tissues of the head and neck region, especially after surgery or radiotherapy. However, irrespective of low positive predictive values, [18F]FDG PET remains the standard of care to stage the disease and monitor recurrences. Here, we report the preclinical use of a targeted poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase1 (PARP1) binding PET tracer, fluorine-18 labeled poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase1 inhibitor ([18F]PARPi), as a potential alternative with greater specificity. METHODS Using an orthotopic xenograft mouse model injected with either FaDu or Cal 27 (human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines) we performed PET/CT scans with the 2 tracers and compared the results. Gamma counts and autoradiography were also assessed and correlated with histology. RESULTS The average retained activity of [18F]PARPi across cell lines in tumor-bearing tongues was 0.9 ± 0.3%ID/g, 4.1 times higher than in control (0.2 ± 0.04%ID/g). Autoradiography and histology confirmed that the activity arose almost exclusively from the tumor areas, with a signal/normal tissue around a ratio of 42.9 ± 21.4. In vivo, [18F]PARPi-PET allowed delineation of tumor from healthy tissue (p < .005), whereas [18F]FDG failed to do so (p = .209). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE We demonstrate that [18F]PARPi is more specific to tongue tumor tissue than [18F]FDG. [18F]PARPi PET allows for the straightforward delineation of oral cancer in mouse models, suggesting that clinical translation could result in improved imaging of head and neck cancer when compared to [18F]FDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Demétrio de Souza França
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sheryl Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Navjot Guru
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Christian Mason
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Marcio Abrahão
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Heiko Schöder
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ian Ganly
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Snehal G Patel
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Turner C, Mosby D, Partridge D, Mason C, Parsons H. A patient sink tap facilitating carbapenemase-producing enterobacterales transmission. J Hosp Infect 2019; 104:511-512. [PMID: 31881253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Turner
- Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - D Mosby
- Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
| | - D Partridge
- Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - C Mason
- Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - H Parsons
- Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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18
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Kakinuma Y, Maeda Y, Mason C, Goldsmith CE, Coulter WA, Matsuda M, Dooley JSG, Lowery CJ, Moore JE. Molecular characterisation of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) including gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Br J Biomed Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2012.12069138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Kakinuma
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Y. Maeda
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine
| | - C. Mason
- School of Dentistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Royal Group of Hospitals, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - C. E. Goldsmith
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - W. A. Coulter
- School of Dentistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Royal Group of Hospitals, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - M. Matsuda
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - J. S. G. Dooley
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - C. J. Lowery
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - J. E. Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine
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Pirovano G, Roberts S, Brand C, Donabedian PL, Mason C, de Souza PD, Higgins GS, Reiner T. [ 18F]FE-OTS964: a Small Molecule Targeting TOPK for In Vivo PET Imaging in a Glioblastoma Xenograft Model. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:705-712. [PMID: 30357568 PMCID: PMC6482100 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lymphokine-activated killer T cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) is a fairly new cancer biomarker with great potential for clinical applications. The labeling of a TOPK inhibitor with F-18 can be exploited for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging allowing more accurate patient identification, stratification, and disease monitoring. PROCEDURES [18F]FE-OTS964 was produced starting from OTS964, a preclinical drug which specifically binds to TOPK, and using a two-step procedure with [18F]fluoroethyl p-toluenesulfonate as a prosthetic group. Tumors were generated in NSG mice by subcutaneous injection of U87 glioblastoma cells. Animals were injected with [18F]FE-OTS964 and PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution analysis was carried out. RESULTS [18F]FE-OTS964 was successfully synthesized and validated in vivo as a PET imaging agent. The labeling reaction led to 15.1 ± 7.5 % radiochemical yield, 99 % radiochemical purity, and high specific activity. Chemical identity of the radiotracer was confirmed by co-elution on an analytical HPLC with a cold-labeled standard. In vivo PET imaging and biodistribution analysis showed tumor uptake of 3.06 ± 0.30 %ID/cc, which was reduced in animals co-injected with excess blocking dose of OTS541 to 1.40 ± 0.42 %ID/cc. CONCLUSIONS [18F]FE-OTS964 is the first TOPK inhibitor for imaging purposes and may prove useful in the continued investigation of the pharmacology of TOPK inhibitors and the biology of TOPK in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Pirovano
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sheryl Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Christian Brand
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Patrick L Donabedian
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Christian Mason
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Paula Demétrio de Souza
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Geoff S Higgins
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
AIMS Research regarding the determinants of concordance with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treatment is limited. Here, we test whether the psychosocial changes outlined in the teachable moments model, as proposed by McBride et al. (McBride CM, Emmons KM, Lipkus IM. Understanding the potential of teachable moments: the case of smoking cessation. Health Educ Res 2003; 18: 156-170) are associated with following GDM treatment recommendations. METHODS Fifty-nine women completed a baseline questionnaire (1 week after GDM diagnosis) in which they reported risk perception, social support, emotional response, the importance of their maternal identity and self-efficacy. One month later, participants reported their concordance with instructions regarding glucose monitoring, diet and, if applicable, medication. We used regression analysis to test for associations between the psychosocial factors measured at baseline and concordance at 1-month follow-up. RESULTS Those who perceived their risk as higher or felt supported by family or friends were more likely to report a high level of concordance with GDM treatment. Emotional response, identity salience and self-efficacy were not related to concordance. CONCLUSIONS Future interventions designed to increase concordance could benefit from a focus on risk perception and social support, as these factors appear to be most strongly associated with following GDM treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Okely
- Psychology Division, University of Stirling, Stirling
| | - C Mason
- Psychology Division, University of Stirling, Stirling
| | | | | | - V Swanson
- Psychology Division, University of Stirling, Stirling
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von Werthern M, Robjant K, Chui Z, Schon R, Ottisova L, Mason C, Katona C. The impact of immigration detention on mental health: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:382. [PMID: 30522460 PMCID: PMC6282296 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of asylum seekers, refugees and internally displaced people worldwide has increased dramatically over the past 5 years. Many countries are continuing to resort to detaining asylum seekers and other migrants, despite concerns that this may be harmful. In light of the considerable body of recent research, this review aims to update and expand on a 2009 systematic review on the mental health consequences of detention on adult, adolescent and child immigration detainees, which found (on the basis on 9 studies) that there was consistent evidence that immigration detention had adverse effects on mental health. METHODS Three databases were searched using key terms relating to immigration detention and mental health. Electronic searches were supplemented by reference screening. Studies were included if they were quantitative, included individuals detained for immigration purposes, reported on mental health problems and were published in peer-reviewed journals. Two reviewers independently screened papers for eligibility, and a further two reviewers completed quality appraisals for included studies. RESULTS Twenty- six studies (21 of which were not included in the 2009 review) reporting on a total of 2099 participants were included in the review. Overall, these studies indicated that adults, adolescents and children experienced high levels of mental health problems. Anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder were most commonly reported both during and following detention. Higher symptom scores were found in detained compared to non-detained refugees. In addition (and more clearly than was evident in 2009), detention duration was positively associated with severity of mental symptoms. Greater trauma exposure prior to detention was also associated with symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS The literature base reviewed in this paper consistently demonstrated severe mental health consequences amongst detainees across a wide range of settings and jurisdictions. There is a pressing need for the proper consideration of mental health and consequent risk of detention-related harm in decisions surrounding detention as well as for improved care for individuals within detention facilities. Recommendations based on these findings are presented, including increased focus on the identification of vulnerability and on minimising the duration of detention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. von Werthern
- Helen Bamber Foundation, Bruges Place, 15-20 Baynes Street, London, NW1 0TF UK
| | - K. Robjant
- Helen Bamber Foundation, Bruges Place, 15-20 Baynes Street, London, NW1 0TF UK
| | - Z. Chui
- Helen Bamber Foundation, Bruges Place, 15-20 Baynes Street, London, NW1 0TF UK
| | - R. Schon
- Helen Bamber Foundation, Bruges Place, 15-20 Baynes Street, London, NW1 0TF UK
| | - L. Ottisova
- Health Services and Population Research Department, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - C. Mason
- Helen Bamber Foundation, Bruges Place, 15-20 Baynes Street, London, NW1 0TF UK
| | - C. Katona
- Helen Bamber Foundation, Bruges Place, 15-20 Baynes Street, London, NW1 0TF UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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22
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Marsh C, Mason C, Paul S. Placental gene expression in miscarriage: a case-control study. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Jasperson K, Umali M, Mason C, Truelson M, Fulk K, Souders B, Shah S, Senter L, Chen D. Paired tumor/germline testing for Lynch syndrome in endometrial cancers: A comprehensive testing approach. Gynecol Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Harris-Bridge G, Young L, Handel I, Farish M, Mason C, Mitchell MA, Haskell MJ. The use of infrared thermography for detecting digital dermatitis in dairy cattle: What is the best measure of temperature and foot location to use? Vet J 2018; 237:26-33. [PMID: 30089541 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Lameness in dairy cattle is a persistent problem, indicating pain caused by underlying disease states and is associated with reduced milk yields. Digital dermatitis is a common cause of lameness. Thermal imaging is a technique that may facilitate early detection of this disease and has the potential for use in automated detection systems. Previous studies with thermal imaging have imaged either the heels or the coronary band of the foot and typically only used the maximum temperature (Max) value as the outcome measure. This study investigated the utility of other statistical descriptors: 90th percentile (90PCT), 95th percentile (95PCT), standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CoV) and compared the utility of imaging the heel or coronary band. Images were collected from lame and healthy cows using a high-resolution thermal camera. Analyses were done at the cow and foot level. There were significant differences between lame and healthy feet detectable at the heels (95th percentile: P<0.05; SD: P<0.05) and coronary band (SD: P<0.05). Within lame cows, 95PCT values were higher at the heel (P<0.05) and Max values were higher at the coronary band (P<0.05) in the lame foot compared to the healthy foot. ROC analysis showed an AUC value of 0.72 for Max temperature and 0.68 for 95PCT at the heels. It was concluded that maximum temperature is the most accurate measure, but other statistical descriptors of temperature can be used to detect lameness. These may be useful in certain contexts, such as where there is contamination. Differentiation of lame from healthy feet was most apparent when imaging the heels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Harris-Bridge
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - L Young
- SRUC (Scotland's Rural College), West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - I Handel
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - M Farish
- SRUC (Scotland's Rural College), West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - C Mason
- SRUC (Scotland's Rural College), West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - M A Mitchell
- SRUC (Scotland's Rural College), West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - M J Haskell
- SRUC (Scotland's Rural College), West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
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25
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Moore JE, Millar BC, Coulter WA, Mason C, Rooney PJ, Loughrey A, Goldsmith CE. Mining the antibiogram: what more can it tell us? Br J Biomed Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2012.12002441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine
| | - B. C. Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
| | - W. A. Coulter
- School of Dentistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - C. Mason
- School of Dentistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - P. J. Rooney
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
| | - A. Loughrey
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
| | - C. E. Goldsmith
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
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26
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Moore JE, Hirayama J, Hayashi K, Mason C, Coulter W, Matsuda M, Goldsmith CE. Examination of 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) heterogeneity in a population of clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae- a new laboratory epidemiological genotyping tool to aid outbreak analysis. Br J Biomed Sci 2018; 75:95-97. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2017.1382025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JE Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - J Hirayama
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - K Hayashi
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - C Mason
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - W Coulter
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - M Matsuda
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - CE Goldsmith
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Randall LV, Green MJ, Green LE, Chagunda MGG, Mason C, Archer SC, Huxley JN. The contribution of previous lameness events and body condition score to the occurrence of lameness in dairy herds: A study of 2 herds. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:1311-1324. [PMID: 29174157 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that low body condition and previous occurrence of lameness increase the risk of future lameness in dairy cows. To date the population attributable fraction (PAF), which provides an estimate of the contribution that a risk factor makes toward the total number of disease events in a population, has not been explored for lameness using longitudinal data with repeated measures. Estimation of PAF helps to identify control measures that could lead to the largest improvements on-farm. The aim of this study was to use longitudinal data to evaluate the proportion of lameness that could be avoided in 2 separate herds (2 populations) through (1) reduced recurrence of previous lameness events, (2) and moving body condition score (BCS) into more optimal ranges. Data were obtained from 2 UK dairy herds: herd A, a 200-cow herd with 8 yr of data from a total of 724 cows where lameness events were based on weekly locomotion scores (LS; 1 to 5 scale), and herd B, a 600-cow herd with data recorded over 44 mo from a total of 1,040 cows where treatment of clinical cases was used to identify lameness events. The PAF for categories of BCS were estimated using a closed equation appropriate for multiple exposure categories. Simulation models were used to explore theoretical scenarios to reflect changes in BCS and recurrence of previous lameness events in each herd. For herd A, 21.5% of the total risk periods (cow-weeks) contained a lameness event (LS 3, 4, or 5), 96% of which were repeat events and 19% were recorded with BCS <2 (3 wk previously; 0 to 5 scale). When lameness events were based on 2 consecutive weeks of LS 4 or 5, 4% of risk periods were recorded as lame, of which 89.5% were repeat events. For herd B, 16.3% of the total risk periods (consecutive 30 d) contained a lameness event (72.6% were repeat events) and 20% were recorded with BCS ≤2 (0 to 120 d previously). The median PAF for all previous lameness was between 79 and 83% in the 2 herds. Between 9 and 21% of lameness events could be attributed to previous lameness occurring >16 wk before a risk period. The median PAF estimated for changes in BCS were in the region of 4 to 11%, depending on severity of lameness. Repeated bouts of lameness made a very large contribution to the total number of lameness events. This could either be because certain cows are initially susceptible and remain susceptible, due to the increased risk associated with previous lameness events, or due to interactions with environmental factors. This area requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Randall
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
| | - M J Green
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - L E Green
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, United Kingdom
| | - M G G Chagunda
- Scotland's Rural College, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - C Mason
- Scotland's Rural College, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - S C Archer
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - J N Huxley
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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28
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Yang L, Zhang X, Wu H, Li Y, Zhang H, Jing Z, Hou Q, Jiang M, Hua Y, Vijay P, Mason C, Wu S. Clonal Evolution of Radioresistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Single-Cell Whole Exome Sequencing. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Dickson R, Gleisberg G, Aiken C, Patrick C, Crocker K, Tyler N, Mason C. 99 EMS Simple Thoracostomy for Traumatic Cardiac Arrest: Post-Implementation Experience in a Ground Based Suburban/Rural EMS Agency. Ann Emerg Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Dickson R, Gleisberg G, Aiken C, Crocker K, Mason C, Nichols T, Patrick C. 7 Validation and Integration of a Stroke Algorithm (VISA Study): Out-of-Hospital Identification of Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke in a Suburban/Rural EMS Service. Ann Emerg Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Doherty AM, Mason C, Fear NT, Rona R, Greenberg N, Goodwin L. Are brief alcohol interventions targeting alcohol use efficacious in military and veteran populations? A meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 178:571-578. [PMID: 28750345 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of hazardous and harm-related drinking are higher in the military and veteran populations compared to the general population. Brief alcohol interventions (BAIs) targeting alcohol use appear to reduce harmful drinking in the general population. However, less is known about the efficacy of BAIs targeting alcohol in military and veteran populations. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the type and efficacy of BAIs used to reduce alcohol use in military and veteran populations conducted from 2000 onwards. The meta-analysis was conducted using a standardised outcome measure of change in average weekly drinks (AWDs) from baseline to follow-up. RESULTS The search revealed 10 papers that met the search criteria, and that reported data on 11 interventions included in the systematic review. 8 papers (reporting on 9 different interventions) were included in the meta-analysis after 2 papers were excluded for which the relevant outcome data were not available. There was no overall effect of BAIs; a non-significant weekly drink reduction of 0.95 drinks was found (95% CI, -0.17 to 2.07). This lack of efficacy persisted regardless of military group (conscripts, serving or veterans) and method of delivery (i.e., face-to-face, web-based or written information). Furthermore, sensitivity analyses revealed this small drink reduction was driven mainly by a single study. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, existing BAIs do not seem to be efficacious in reducing alcohol use in military populations, despite some encouraging results from one electronic intervention which was of extensive duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Doherty
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - C Mason
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - N T Fear
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - R Rona
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - N Greenberg
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - L Goodwin
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9RJ, UK; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK.
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Chung S, Vijay P, Klimek V, Mason C, Park C. An Analysis of the Transcriptional Response of Myelodysplastic Syndrome Stem Cells to Therapy at Single-Cell Resolution. Leuk Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(17)30126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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McTiernan A, Duggan C, Tapsoba J, Mason C, Wang CY. Abstract P4-13-02: Long-term effects of weight loss on breast cancer biomarkers in postmenopausal women. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p4-13-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Obesity increases risk for postmenopausal breast cancer, and is associated with elevated blood levels of inflammation-related marker C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin, glucose, and the angiogenesis-related biomarker vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The long-term effect of weight loss on these breast cancer risk biomarkers is unknown. This study aim was to test the 30-month effect of weight loss on breast cancer biomarkers in postmenopausal overweight/obese women, who had completed a randomized control trial test of behavioral weight loss and/or exercise compared to control.
Methods: From 1/2005-7/2008, women (N=438) were randomized to 1 of 4 arms: reduced calorie weight loss diet (D; N=118); moderate intensity aerobic exercise (E; 225 minutes/week) (N=117); both interventions (D+E; N=116); or control (C, no intervention; N=87). The D intervention goals were: 1200-2000 calories/day, dietary fat < 30% of calories, and > 10% loss of initial weight. The E goal was > 45 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise 5 days/week. The D+E interventions were identical to those for D and E. A total of 157 women returned for a 30-month blood draw (18 months after end-of-study).
Analysis: We compared the average changes in outcomes from baseline to 30 months in weight loss (combining D and D+E groups) vs. no weight loss (combining C and E groups), according to the intention-to-treat principle, using generalized estimating equations (GEE). As a secondary, pre-planned analysis, we combined data for all women regardless of randomization group, and divided them into four categories based on change from baseline to 30 months: 1) gained weight or remained weight stable; 2) lost < 5% of baseline weight; 3) lost 5% - <10% of baseline weight; and 4) lost > 10% of baseline weight. We then compared 30-month analyte changes by these 30-month weight loss groups, with category 1 as referent.
Results: Mean 30-month weight changes from baseline were: D+E, - 7.7%; D, - 6.3%; E, -1.9%; and C, -3%. CRP was 22.5% lower than baseline for women randomized to a diet group, compared with a 4% reduction from baseline in women in a non-diet group (p=0.07). Insulin was 33% lower in women randomized to diet, while it was 20% lower in women not randomized to a diet group (p=0.10). Women who lost 5% - <10% of baseline weight at 30-months experienced an 18% (p<0.001) decrease in CRP compared to baseline, while those who lost > 10% had a 56% lower CRP level (p<0.001). VEGF decreased to a similar amount (14% -15%) in women who lost <10% of baseline weight; and decreased by 26% in those whose 30-month weight decreased by > 10% (p<0.002). Compared with baseline levels, insulin decreased by 16% in those who lost < 5% of baseline weight. In contrast, insulin levels decreased by 31% and 44% (each p=0.004), in those whose 30-month weight loss was 5% - <10% lower than baseline and > 10% lower than baseline, respectively. Glucose levels increased in women whose weight loss was < 5%, but remained stable in those whose 30-month weight was > 5% lower than baseline (each p=0.04).
Conclusions: Long-term weight loss of at least 5% may have biological effects relevant to breast cancer prevention in overweight or obese postmenopausal women.
Citation Format: McTiernan A, Duggan C, Tapsoba JdD, Mason C, Wang C-Y. Long-term effects of weight loss on breast cancer biomarkers in postmenopausal women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-13-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- A McTiernan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - C Duggan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - JdD Tapsoba
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - C Mason
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - C-Y Wang
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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Randall LV, Green MJ, Chagunda MGG, Mason C, Green LE, Huxley JN. Lameness in dairy heifers; impacts of hoof lesions present around first calving on future lameness, milk yield and culling risk. Prev Vet Med 2016; 133:52-63. [PMID: 27720027 PMCID: PMC5063951 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
More severe claw horn lesions were associated with increased risk of future lameness. More severe sole lesions were associated with reduction in daily yield of 2.68 kg. Managing heifers to reduce severe lesions is likely to have positive herd impacts. Mild claw horn lesions associated with reduced risk of future lameness and culling. Mild insult may lead to adaptive changes in the hoof which are beneficial.
The importance of lameness in primiparous dairy heifers is increasingly recognised. Although it is accepted that clinical lameness in any lactation increases the risk of future lameness, the impact of foot lesions during the first lactation on long-term lameness risk is less clear. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the impacts of foot lesions occurring around the time of first calving in heifers on future lameness risk, daily milk yield and survival within a dairy herd. Records were obtained for 158 heifers from one UK dairy herd. Heifers were examined in 2 month blocks from 2 months pre-calving through to 4 months post-calving. Sole lesions and white line lesions were scored on a zero to 10 scale and digital dermatitis on a zero to 3 scale. Outcomes investigated were; lameness risk based on weekly locomotion scores, average daily milk yield and culling risk. Mixed effect models were used to investigate associations between maximum lesion scores and outcomes. Lesion scores in the highest score categories for claw horn lesions (sole lesions and white line lesions) in the 2 to 4 month post-calving period were associated with an increased risk of future lameness; heifers with white line lesion scores ≥3 compared with scores zero to 1 and heifers with sole lesion scores ≥4 compared with score 2, at this time point, had a predicted increased risk of future lameness of 1.6 and 2.6 respectively. Sole lesions ≥4 were also associated with a reduction in average daily milk yield of 2.68 kg. Managing heifers to reduce claw horn lesions during this time period post-calving may provide health, welfare and production benefits for the long-term future of those animals. A novel finding from the study was that mild lesion scores compared with scores zero to 1, were associated with a reduced risk of future lameness for white line lesions and sole lesions occurring in the pre-calving or 2 to 4 months post-calving periods respectively. Mild sole lesions in the pre-calving period were also associated with a reduced risk of premature culling. One hypothesis for this result is that a mild insult may result in adaptive changes to the foot leading to greater biomechanical resilience and so increased longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Randall
- University of Nottingham, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
| | - M J Green
- University of Nottingham, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
| | - M G G Chagunda
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom.
| | - C Mason
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom.
| | - L E Green
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, England, United Kingdom.
| | - J N Huxley
- University of Nottingham, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
The shift away from a state-dominated welfare state towards a pluralistic mix of diverse welfare agencies is placing a greater reliance upon the voluntary sector. The role of company support for the voluntary sector has become an issue of considerable significance in recent years, yet has been little analysed by geographers. Considerable variations are revealed in the geographical distribution of funds allocated by directly funded corporate charitable trusts to voluntary organisations in the United Kingdom; the patterns may be related to the sector of the companies that fund the trusts together with the location and nature of the charities receiving funds, The patterns suggest that the key element determining the geography of corporate philanthropy is the nature of the audience which the company is seeking to address through their donations policy. Manufacturing companies would appear to have stronger traditions of philanthropy being directed towards the communities where their production facilities are based, whereas service-based companies tend to disperse their donations more widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hurd
- Ashford Open Learning, I Church Road, Shedfield, Hampshire SO32 2HW, England
| | - C Mason
- Department of Geography, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, England
| | - S Pinch
- Department of Geography, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, England
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Hamilton NJ, Kanani M, Roebuck DJ, Hewitt RJ, Cetto R, McLaren CA, Butler CR, Crowley C, Janes SM, O'Callaghan C, Culme-Seymour EJ, Mason C, De Coppi P, Lowdell MW, Elliott MJ, Birchall MA. Reply to: "Recent Advances in Circumferential Tracheal Replacement and Transplantation". Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1336-7. [PMID: 26813777 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N J Hamilton
- University College London Ear Institute, Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Kanani
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - D J Roebuck
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - R J Hewitt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Cetto
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C A McLaren
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - C R Butler
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - C Crowley
- University College London Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - S M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - C O'Callaghan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - C Mason
- London Regenerative Medicine Network, London, UK
| | - P De Coppi
- Department of Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - M W Lowdell
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free Hospital, University College London Paul O'Gorman Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, London, UK
| | - M J Elliott
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - M A Birchall
- University College London Ear Institute, Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
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Shapira I, Naboush A, Banavali A, Neculiseanu E, Guddati K, Kopf M, Mason C, Lee A. 7: INTEGRATED PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF MICRORNA EXPRESSION IN PLASMA OF OVARIAN CANCER (OVCA) PATIENTS SHOWS LACK OF BH3 PROTEIN DEPENDENT SIGNALING. J Investig Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000080.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of StudyMore than 100,000 pelvic surgeries to remove ovarian masses (BOM) are performed yearly in the USA only 8% of those remove ovarian cancer. Circulating microRNA are biomarkers for disease detection. Purpose of study:1. To analyze patterns of microRNAs in women with BOM vs. OvCa2. Discover pathway involved malignant transformation.Methods UsedPlasma from 32 women OvCa, 24 controls 32 (BOM) was analyzed using ABI Taqman OpenArray MicroRNA pools A and B to measure the expression of 754 known miRNAs .Real-time PCR was performed on the Taqman Open Array MicroRNA arrays using the Applied Biosystem Open Array Real-Time PCR system. Data were processed using the OpenArray Real-Time qPCR Analysis software and exported for analysis using the Applied Biosystems DataAssist Software Data analysis was done with the R programming language. A cutoff for Ct values at 30 was used. MiRNAs with Ct values higher than 30 were considered not detected. Data was normalized using a mean-centering restricted (MCR), a modification of the traditional delta Ct method and uses miRNAs which are expressed in all samples for data normalization. Statistical analysis was performed via custom scripts based on the R/Bioconductor package LIMMA (Linear Models for Microarray).Summary of ResultsBOM had higher expression (2–14 fold higher) of miRs −195, −126, −139-5p, −27b, −127, −152, −28, −106b, −17, −363, −181a, −192 relative to OvCa (p<0.0006). OvCa over-expressed of miRs −1274a, −720 and −625-3p (p<0.0007). Reactome pathway analysis detected involvement of miRs into pathways of activation of BAD, PI3/AKT signaling in CD28 and activation of BH3 in BOM these pathways were not detected in OvCa (p<0.000596).ConclusionsBOM patients have immune recognition and pro-apoptotic protective circulating microRNAs. It is unknown whether miRs originate in ovary or another tissue. Recent work shows that BH3 mimetics are very effective in inducing cancer cell death.
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Shapira I, Daksharam P, Kremer V, Banavali A, Kopf M, Naboush A, Shih A, Mason C, Lee A. P6: CIRCULATING MICRORNA PATTERN DEFINES A BIOLOGICALLY DISTINCT BREAST CANCER PATTERN IN BLACK (B) WOMEN RELATIVE TO ONE CCCURRING IN WHITE (W) WOMEN. J Investig Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000080.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of StudyBlack women with triple negative breast cancer have 46% lower survival rates attributed to differences in tumor biology. We analyzed presurgical plasma microRNA of white (W) and black (B) women with TNBC enrolled in our breast ovarian tissue bank between 2004 and 2014.AimsDetect microRNA patterns in pre-surgical plasma of TNBC W or B
Analyze differences by integrated approach to detect pathways differentially activated in the two groups.Methods UsedBetween 2004 and 2014 we investigated patterns of plasma miRNAs collected before, after surgery, during and after chemotherapy in 67 patients presenting for surgery for breast cancer (W=44 & B=44) and 25 age and race matched normal controls. Two-sample t-test was used for all 2-sample comparison and ANOVA followed by Benjamin Hochberg post-hoc test to compare the mean response between subject factors of interest. All tests were 2-tailed and results with a p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Coremine was used to identify datasets in breast cancer microarray with emphasis on our differentially expressed circulating miRs.Summary of ResultsMean age cancer 48 (range 35–78), control 44 (range 35–67): B patients did not express over 70% of pre-surgical plasma miRs over-expressed in the W pre-surgical plasma. Black patients had lower expression of MiRs: −16-5p, −484, −126, −150-5p, −142-3p; −30c-5p, −186-5p, 139-5p. Samples from white patients overexpressed miRs−126, −150-5p, −142-3p; −30c-5p, −186-5p, 139-5p compared to healthy controls. These miRs significantly suppressed in blacks p<0.05.Coremine text mining suggests differentially regulated microRNA are involved in mitochondrial quality control and biogenesis.ConclusionsDeregulation in circulating miRs between B and W patients point to pathways involved in mitochondrial fission and fusion. Aberrant mitochondria biogenesis was reported as mechanism for cancer stem cell survival and detrimental to innate immunity. Such pathways could explain the lower survival seen in black breast cancer patients.
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Shapira I, Huffman R, Neculiseanu E, Banavali A, Guddati K, Shih A, Mason C, Lee A. P2: SNP ANALYSIS IN BRCA POSITIVE AND BRCA NEGATIVE SUBJECTS WITH AND WITHOUT BREAST CANCER (BRCA) REVEAL CENTRAL ROLE OF ALK SNPS AND TGFBETA SUPERFAMILY IN MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION. J Investig Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000080.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of StudyOver 240,000 individuals are diagnosed with breast cancer each year in the USA. Outcomes depend on DNA deregulations in tumors. Carriers of deleterious BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are predisposed to 30 fold higher lifetime risks of breast and ovarian cancer.Aims:1. To check for differences in SNPs of genomic DNA obtained in BRCA+/− with and without BrCa.2. Analyze correlates of molecular mechanisms occurring in BRCA mutant patients.Methods UsedWe analyzed 94 subjects (41 BRCA positive) with or without BrCa to detect SNPs whose expression is significantly differentially expressed between breast cancer and controls. DNA samples were extracted from PBMCs. Samples were measured for DNA concentration using an Invitrogen QuBit Fluorometer, and diluted to 50 ng/µL.All samples were collected between 2010 and 2014 and survival data was known in all cancer patients. Processed samples were sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq Sequencer with a 300 cycle kit to detect SNPs. Variant Call Files were analyzed in Microsoft Excel using Fisher's Exact Test.Summary of ResultsALK SNPs were commonly found in cancer relative to control. Significant associations of ALK SNPs were seen in BRCA mutation subjects. ALK protein was overexpressed in 47% of BRCA mutations cases, which was significantly higher than in non-BRCA cases. Our results show that the ALK signaling pathway possibly is more common in early onset of breast cancer as seen with BRCA mutations. Coremine analysis showed SNPs identified in cancer were most commonly associated with deregulation of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Superfamily protein synthesis and binding function.ConclusionsDifferences in the associations of the modifying polymorphisms with BrCarisk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are likely to reflect differences in the biology of tumor development in these two groups of women at high risk of breast cancer. The identification of modifying polymorphisms could therefore lead to a better understanding of the etiology of tumors in mutation carriers and also to the development of effective and more specific therapies for BrCa in mutation carriers.
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Shapira I, Bhuiya T, Arora S, Mukhi N, Datla S, Neculiseanu E, Mason C, Shih A, Lee A. P4: CIRCULATING MIRNA PROFILES POINT TO DYSREGULATION IN TGFBETA/SMAD3 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR SIGNATURE IN BRCA POSITIVE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS. J Investig Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000080.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of StudyOver 240,000 individuals are diagnosed with breast cancer (BrCa) of which 12,000 individuals carry BRCA germline mutations. MicroRNA dysregulation is common in malignancy and may correlate with germline mutations.Aims:1. Analyze microRNAs in patients with breast cancer with or without BRCA germ line mutations, with and without cancer.2. Identify molecular BRCA mutant patients to deduct reasons for accelerated malignancy.Methods UsedWe analyzed plasma miR expression from 94 br cancer patients (41 BRCA positive) relative to 24 normal controls. All samples were collected between 2010 and 2014 and survival data was known for all cancer patients. TaqMan Open Array panel was used to simultaneously run hundreds of microRNA assays in the Applied Biosystem Open array real time PCR. Using AB open array real time PCR, 756 miRNA species were detected. Two-sample t-test was used for all 2-sample comparison and ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc test to compare the miRs mean differences. All tests were 2-tailed and results with a p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.Summary of ResultsBRCA+underexpressed hsa-mir-10a and hsa-mir-376c and over-expressed Hsa- mir- 326 and Hsa-mir-143 relative to BRCA-; p<0.05.Using Coremine data mining linking genes and diseases differentially expressed circulating miRs are linked to tumor suppressor TGFbeta/SMAD3.ConclusionsThe early onset of breast cancer in BRCA mutant patients may recapitulate the pro-oncogenic effects of TGF-β. The context dependent SMAD3 binding & tumor suppression TGF-β effects are abrogated in BRCA mutant patients. TGF-β/Smad3 tumor-suppressor signature suppresses local inflammation in the tumor microenvironment.
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Thomas HJ, Remnant JG, Bollard NJ, Burrows A, Whay HR, Bell NJ, Mason C, Huxley JN. Recovery of chronically lame dairy cows following treatment for claw horn lesions: a randomised controlled trial. Vet Rec 2016; 178:116. [PMID: 26811441 PMCID: PMC4752658 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A positively controlled, randomised controlled trial (RCT) was undertaken to test recovery of cows with claw horn lesions resulting in lameness of greater than two weeks duration. Cows on seven commercial farms were mobility scored fortnightly and selected by lameness severity and chronicity. Study cows all received a therapeutic trim then random allocation of: no further treatment (trim only (TRM)), plastic shoe (TS) or plastic shoe and NSAID (TSN). Recovery was assessed by mobility score at 42 (±4) days post treatment by an observer blind to treatment group. Multivariable analysis showed no significant effect of treatment with an almost identical, low response rate to treatment across all groups (Percentage non-lame at outcome: TRM – 15 per cent, TS – 15 per cent, TSN – 16 per cent). When compared with results of a similar RCT on acutely lame cows, where response rates to treatment were substantially higher, it can be concluded that any delay in treatment is likely to reduce the rate of recovery, suggesting early identification and treatment is key. Thirty-eight per cent of animals treated in this study were lame on the contralateral limb at outcome suggesting that both hindlimbs should be examined and a preventive or if necessary a therapeutic foot trim performed when lameness is identified particularly if the duration of lameness is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Thomas
- University of Nottingham, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - J G Remnant
- University of Nottingham, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - N J Bollard
- University of Nottingham, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - A Burrows
- Formerly of: Farm and Equine Department, Scarsdale Veterinary Group, Markeaton Lane, Derby, DE22 4NH, UK
| | - H R Whay
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - N J Bell
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - C Mason
- Scotlands Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - J N Huxley
- University of Nottingham, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
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Lyons BP, Barber JL, Rumney HS, Bolam TPC, Bersuder P, Law RJ, Mason C, Smith AJ, Morris S, Devlin MJ, Al-Enezi M, Massoud MS, Al-Zaidan AS, Al-Sarawi HA. Baseline survey of marine sediments collected from the State of Kuwait: PAHs, PCBs, brominated flame retardants and metal contamination. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 100:629-636. [PMID: 26344820 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A geographically extensive baseline survey of sediment contamination was undertaken at twenty nine locations around Kuwait. Samples were assessed in relation to a wide range of industrial pollutants, including metals, PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs and HBCDs. The data generated indicated that levels of pollutants were generally low and below commonly applied sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). However, naturally high background concentrations of certain metals present in sediment from the region may prohibit the direct assessment against some of the routinely applied SQGs. Hot spots of contamination were identified for PAHs, PCBs and PBDEs, that were mainly associated with the Shuaiba Industrial Area, located south of the city, and known to contain a diverse mix of both light and heavy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - J L Barber
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - H S Rumney
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - T P C Bolam
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - P Bersuder
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - R J Law
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - C Mason
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - A J Smith
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - S Morris
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - M J Devlin
- James Cook University, Catchment Reef Research Group, TropWater, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - M Al-Enezi
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat-13104, Kuwait
| | - M S Massoud
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat-13104, Kuwait
| | - A S Al-Zaidan
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat-13104, Kuwait
| | - H A Al-Sarawi
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat-13104, Kuwait
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Hamilton NJ, Kanani M, Roebuck DJ, Hewitt RJ, Cetto R, Culme‐Seymour EJ, Toll E, Bates AJ, Comerford AP, McLaren CA, Butler CR, Crowley C, McIntyre D, Sebire NJ, Janes SM, O'Callaghan C, Mason C, De Coppi P, Lowdell MW, Elliott MJ, Birchall MA. Tissue-Engineered Tracheal Replacement in a Child: A 4-Year Follow-Up Study. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2750-7. [PMID: 26037782 PMCID: PMC4737133 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2010, a tissue-engineered trachea was transplanted into a 10-year-old child using a decellularized deceased donor trachea repopulated with the recipient's respiratory epithelium and mesenchymal stromal cells. We report the child's clinical progress, tracheal epithelialization and costs over the 4 years. A chronology of events was derived from clinical notes and costs determined using reference costs per procedure. Serial tracheoscopy images, lung function tests and anti-HLA blood samples were compared. Epithelial morphology and T cell, Ki67 and cleaved caspase 3 activity were examined. Computational fluid dynamic simulations determined flow, velocity and airway pressure drops. After the first year following transplantation, the number of interventions fell and the child is currently clinically well and continues in education. Endoscopy demonstrated a complete mucosal lining at 15 months, despite retention of a stent. Histocytology indicates a differentiated respiratory layer and no abnormal immune activity. Computational fluid dynamic analysis demonstrated increased velocity and pressure drops around a distal tracheal narrowing. Cross-sectional area analysis showed restriction of growth within an area of in-stent stenosis. This report demonstrates the long-term viability of a decellularized tissue-engineered trachea within a child. Further research is needed to develop bioengineered pediatric tracheal replacements with lower morbidity, better biomechanics and lower costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Hamilton
- University College London Ear InstituteRoyal National Throat Nose and Ear HospitalLondonUK
| | - M. Kanani
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
| | - D. J. Roebuck
- Department of RadiologyGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
| | - R. J. Hewitt
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
| | - R. Cetto
- Imperial College London, Department of AeronauticsLondonUK
| | | | - E. Toll
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
| | - A. J. Bates
- Imperial College London, Department of AeronauticsLondonUK
| | | | - C. A. McLaren
- Department of RadiologyGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
| | - C. R. Butler
- Lungs for Living Research CentreRayne InstituteLondonUK
| | - C. Crowley
- University College London Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative MedicineRoyal Free HospitalLondonUK
| | - D. McIntyre
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
| | - N. J. Sebire
- Department of HistopathologyGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
| | - S. M. Janes
- Lungs for Living Research CentreRayne InstituteLondonUK
| | - C. O'Callaghan
- Department of Respiratory MedicineGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
| | - C. Mason
- London Regenerative Medicine NetworkLondonUK
| | - P. De Coppi
- Department of SurgeryGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
| | - M. W. Lowdell
- Department of HaematologyRoyal Free Hospital, University College London Paul O'Gorman Laboratory of Cellular TherapeuticsLondonUK
| | - M. J. Elliott
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
| | - M. A. Birchall
- University College London Ear InstituteRoyal National Throat Nose and Ear HospitalLondonUK
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45
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Brunton NP, Mason C, Collins MJ. Rapid microwave assisted preparation of fatty acid methyl esters for the analysis of fatty acid profiles in foods. J Anal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Thomas H, Miguel-Pacheco G, Bollard N, Archer S, Bell N, Mason C, Maxwell O, Remnant J, Sleeman P, Whay H, Huxley J. Evaluation of treatments for claw horn lesions in dairy cows in a randomized controlled trial. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:4477-86. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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Hamilton NJ, Kanani M, Roebuck DJ, Hewitt RJ, Cetto R, Culme-Seymour EJ, Toll E, Bates AJ, Comerford AP, McLaren CA, Butler CR, Crowley C, McIntyre D, Sebire NJ, Janes SM, O'Callaghan C, Mason C, De Coppi P, Lowdell MW, Elliott MJ, Birchall MA. Tissue-Engineered Tracheal Replacement in a Child: A 4-Year Follow-Up Study. Am J Transplant 2015. [PMID: 26037782 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13318.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2010, a tissue-engineered trachea was transplanted into a 10-year-old child using a decellularized deceased donor trachea repopulated with the recipient's respiratory epithelium and mesenchymal stromal cells. We report the child's clinical progress, tracheal epithelialization and costs over the 4 years. A chronology of events was derived from clinical notes and costs determined using reference costs per procedure. Serial tracheoscopy images, lung function tests and anti-HLA blood samples were compared. Epithelial morphology and T cell, Ki67 and cleaved caspase 3 activity were examined. Computational fluid dynamic simulations determined flow, velocity and airway pressure drops. After the first year following transplantation, the number of interventions fell and the child is currently clinically well and continues in education. Endoscopy demonstrated a complete mucosal lining at 15 months, despite retention of a stent. Histocytology indicates a differentiated respiratory layer and no abnormal immune activity. Computational fluid dynamic analysis demonstrated increased velocity and pressure drops around a distal tracheal narrowing. Cross-sectional area analysis showed restriction of growth within an area of in-stent stenosis. This report demonstrates the long-term viability of a decellularized tissue-engineered trachea within a child. Further research is needed to develop bioengineered pediatric tracheal replacements with lower morbidity, better biomechanics and lower costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Hamilton
- University College London Ear Institute, Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Kanani
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - D J Roebuck
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - R J Hewitt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Cetto
- Imperial College London, Department of Aeronautics, London, UK
| | | | - E Toll
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - A J Bates
- Imperial College London, Department of Aeronautics, London, UK
| | - A P Comerford
- Imperial College London, Department of Aeronautics, London, UK
| | - C A McLaren
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - C R Butler
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - C Crowley
- University College London Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - D McIntyre
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - N J Sebire
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - S M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - C O'Callaghan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Mason
- London Regenerative Medicine Network, London, UK
| | - P De Coppi
- Department of Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - M W Lowdell
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free Hospital, University College London Paul O'Gorman Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, London, UK
| | - M J Elliott
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - M A Birchall
- University College London Ear Institute, Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
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Randall L, Green M, Chagunda M, Mason C, Archer S, Green L, Huxley J. Low body condition predisposes cattle to lameness: An 8-year study of one dairy herd. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:3766-77. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Stevelink SAM, Malcolm EM, Mason C, Jenkins S, Sundin J, Fear NT. The prevalence of mental health disorders in (ex-)military personnel with a physical impairment: a systematic review. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72:243-51. [PMID: 25227569 PMCID: PMC4392233 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Having a visual, hearing or physical impairment (defined as problems in body function or structure) may adversely influence the mental well-being of military personnel. This paper reviews the existing literature regarding the prevalence of mental health problems among (ex-)military personnel who have a permanent, predominantly, physical impairment. METHOD Multiple electronic literature databases were searched for relevant studies (EMBASE (1980-January 2014), MEDLINE (1946-January 2014), PsycINFO (2002-January 2014), Web of Science (1975-January 2014)). RESULTS 25 papers were included in the review, representing 17 studies. Studies conducted among US military personnel (n=8) were most represented. A range of mental health disorders were investigated; predominately post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but also depression, anxiety disorder (excluding PTSD), psychological distress and alcohol misuse. The findings indicate that mental health disorders including PTSD (range 2-59%), anxiety (range 16.1-35.5%), depression (range 9.7-46.4%) and psychological distress (range 13.4-36%) are frequently found whereby alcohol misuse was least common (range 2.2-26.2%). CONCLUSIONS Common mental health disorders were frequently identified among (ex-)military personnel with a physical impairment. Adequate care and support is necessary during the impairment adaptation process to facilitate the psychosocial challenges (ex-)military personnel with an impairment face. Future research should be directed into factors impacting on the mental well-being of (ex-)military personnel with an impairment, how prevalence rates vary across impairment types and to identify and act on specific needs for care and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A M Stevelink
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E M Malcolm
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Mason
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Jenkins
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Sundin
- Academic Department of Defence Mental Health, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N T Fear
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, London, UK Academic Department of Defence Mental Health, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Lee A, Lovecchio J, Parasmeswaran J, Shapira I, Oswald M, Menzin A, Whyte J, Dos Santos L, Liang S, Bhuiya T, Gregersen P, Mason C, Keogh M. Integrated network analysis of miRNA–mRNA interactions in ovarian cancer outcomes. Gynecol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.01.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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