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Cleary M, Edwards C, Mitchell-Watson J, Yang J, Reddan T. Benchmarking non-attendance patterns in paediatric medical imaging: A retrospective cohort study spotlighting First Nations children. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:492-499. [PMID: 38232461 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-attendance at Medical Imaging (MI) appointments can result in inefficiencies in healthcare resource allocation, increased financial burdens, and lead to potential barriers to effective healthcare delivery. We evaluated factors associated with non-attendance of MI appointments for children including variables: gender; age groups; residential postcodes; Indigenous status; appointment dates; appointment reminders and socio-economic status. METHOD Retrospective cohort study of children with scheduled MI appointments at a Tertiary paediatric hospital in Australia, between January and December 2022. Data were extracted from the Radiology Information System and integrated with socio-economic census data through linking with postcode. Chi-squared, and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify significant predictors of non-attendance. RESULTS Out of 17,962 scheduled outpatient appointments, 6.2 % did not attend. Males were less likely to attend than females (7.3 % vs. 5.8 %; p < 0.001). Older children had the highest frequency of non-attendance (p < 0.001). First Nations identified children had a higher likelihood of non-attendance at 14.5 % compared to non-First Nations at 5.8 %, and the odds ratio (OR) of First Nation children not attending was 2.54 (CI 2.13-3.03; p < 0.001) higher than non-First Nations children. Children from areas of disadvantage were less likely to attend (p < 0.001). Bone mineral densitometry had the highest odds of non-attendance (19.4 % of bookings) compared to other imaging modalities (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The following characteristics were associated with non-attendance: older male gender, residing in areas of socio-economic disadvantage, or identifying as First Nations Australians. By reviewing these findings with the cultural and professional experience of our Indigenous co-author, we have identified some strategies for improving attendance amongst First Nations children. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Factors associated with non-attendance, or "missed opportunities for care", provide opportunities for intervention to improve attendance for vulnerable groups of children who require medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cleary
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - C Edwards
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Medical Imaging, Redcliffe Hospital, Redcliffe, Australia.
| | - J Mitchell-Watson
- Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia; Mob ED, Emergency Department, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia.
| | - J Yang
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
| | - T Reddan
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia.
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McPhee MJ, Edwards C, Harden S, Naylor T, Phillips FA, Guppy C, Hegarty RS. GrassGro TM simulation of pasture, animal performance and greenhouse emissions on low and high sheep productivity grazing systems: 1-year validation and 25-year analysis. Animal 2024; 18:101088. [PMID: 38377808 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, there is a focus on reducing the absolute methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide emissions, and the emissions intensity (EI, kg CO2e/kg animal product) of livestock production. Increasing the productivity of mixed pasture systems has the potential to increase food (e.g., lamb) and textile fibre (e.g., wool) production while reducing the EI of those products from grazing livestock. The objective of this study was to quantify the differences in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and EI between sheep on Low (i.e., low sustainable stocking rate) and High (i.e., high sustainable stocking rate) productivity grazing systems (PGSs). Therefore, a replicated breeding-ewe trial on 18 paddocks was established across 2 - years. Three flocks on Low (3 × 16 ewes/flock) and High PGSs (3 × 32 ewes/flock) rotated across three land-classes and three paddocks per PGS. In year 1, the observed on-farm pasture quantity, quality, and botanical composition, together with lamb BW (kg), and daily CH4 production (DMP, g CH4/head per day) using Open Path Fourier Transformed Infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometers data were measured. Subsequently, two simulations using GrassGroTM were conducted: (1) a 1-year GrassGroTM simulation that used the observed on-farm data to adjust parameters: date of mating, paddock fertility, and weight of mature ewes to validate GrassGroTM predictions to achieve accuracy and precision targets; and (2) a 25-year (1986-2011) simulation to analyse the effects of Low and High PGSs on sheep production and GHG emissions across a variable climate. The 1-year validation predictions fitted well with the observed on-farm data for: pasture biomass (kg/ha), DM digestibility (%), botanical composition (kg/ha), lamb (kg) product, and DMP (g CH4/head per day). The subsequent predicted results from the 25-year GrassGroTM simulation showed minimal effect of PGS on the mean DM intake (kg DM/day) or DMP for Low and High PGSs, but this was thought to be due to the biomass in both PGSs exceeding 1 500 kg DM/ha. The EI, over the 25-year simulation, on the High PGS was 16.5% lower than the Low PGS. Additional calculations of DMP were conducted using a recent global equation, giving estimates of DMP that closely matched the observed on-farm OP-FTIR DMP measurements, but these were lower than the GrassGroTM predictions and improved the accuracy and precision. It is concluded that in some pasture situations, managing pastures and stock numbers to intensify grazing systems can allow increased livestock production, without increasing daily CH4 emissions/head while substantially decreasing the EI of the animal products generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J McPhee
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Livestock Industries Centre, University of New England, Trevenna Road, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
| | - C Edwards
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Land and Water, University of New England, Ring Road, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Trevenna Road, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - S Harden
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Marsden Park Rd, Calala, New South Wales 2340, Australia
| | - T Naylor
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - F A Phillips
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - C Guppy
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Trevenna Road, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - R S Hegarty
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Trevenna Road, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Entfellner E, Baumann KBL, Edwards C, Kurmayer R. High Structural Diversity of Aeruginosins in Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria of the Genus Planktothrix as a Consequence of Multiple Recombination Events. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:638. [PMID: 38132959 PMCID: PMC10744761 DOI: 10.3390/md21120638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Many compounds produced by cyanobacteria act as serine protease inhibitors, such as the tetrapeptides aeruginosins (Aer), which are found widely distributed. The structural diversity of Aer is intriguingly high. However, the genetic basis of this remains elusive. In this study, we explored the genetic basis of Aer synthesis among the filamentous cyanobacteria Planktothrix spp. In total, 124 strains, isolated from diverse freshwater waterbodies, have been compared regarding variability within Aer biosynthesis genes and the consequences for structural diversity. The high structural variability could be explained by various recombination processes affecting Aer synthesis, above all, the acquisition of accessory enzymes involved in post synthesis modification of the Aer peptide (e.g., halogenases, glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases) as well as a large-range recombination of Aer biosynthesis genes, probably transferred from the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis. The Aer structural composition differed between evolutionary Planktothrix lineages, adapted to either shallow or deep waterbodies of the temperate climatic zone. Thus, for the first time among bloom-forming cyanobacteria, chemical diversification of a peptide family related to eco-evolutionary diversification has been described. It is concluded that various Aer peptides resulting from the recombination event act in chemical defense, possibly as a replacement for microcystins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Entfellner
- Research Department for Limnology, Universität Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria; (E.E.); (K.B.L.B.)
| | - Kathrin B. L. Baumann
- Research Department for Limnology, Universität Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria; (E.E.); (K.B.L.B.)
| | - Christine Edwards
- CyanoSol Research Group, Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK;
| | - Rainer Kurmayer
- Research Department for Limnology, Universität Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria; (E.E.); (K.B.L.B.)
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Moore J, Jayakumar A, Soldatou S, Mašek O, Lawton LA, Edwards C. Nature-Based Solution to Eliminate Cyanotoxins in Water Using Biologically Enhanced Biochar. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:16372-16385. [PMID: 37856890 PMCID: PMC10620996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and high eutrophication levels of freshwater sources are increasing the occurrence and intensity of toxic cyanobacterial blooms in drinking water supplies. Conventional water treatment struggles to eliminate cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins, and expensive tertiary treatments are needed. To address this, we have designed a sustainable, nature-based solution using biochar derived from waste coconut shells. This biochar provides a low-cost porous support for immobilizing microbial communities, forming biologically enhanced biochar (BEB). Highly toxic microcystin-LR (MC-LR) was used to influence microbial colonization of the biochar by the natural lake-water microbiome. Over 11 months, BEBs were exposed to microcystins, cyanobacterial extracts, and live cyanobacterial cells, always resulting in rapid elimination of toxins and even a 1.6-1.9 log reduction in cyanobacterial cell numbers. After 48 h of incubation with our BEBs, the MC-LR concentrations dropped below the detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL. The accelerated degradation of cyanotoxins was attributed to enhanced species diversity and microcystin-degrading microbes colonizing the biochar. To ensure scalability, we evaluated BEBs produced through batch-scale and continuous-scale pyrolysis, while also guaranteeing safety by maintaining toxic impurities in biochar within acceptable limits and monitoring degradation byproducts. This study serves as a proof-of-concept for a sustainable, scalable, and safe nature-based solution for combating toxic algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Moore
- CyanoSol,
School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert
Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, U.K.
| | - Anjali Jayakumar
- School
of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1
7RU, U.K.
- UK Biochar
Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, U.K.
| | - Sylvia Soldatou
- CyanoSol,
School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert
Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, U.K.
- Marine
Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 1HG, U.K.
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar
Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, U.K.
| | - Linda A Lawton
- CyanoSol,
School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert
Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, U.K.
| | - Christine Edwards
- CyanoSol,
School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert
Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, U.K.
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Walker J, Wilson B, Laing-Herridge K, Edwards C. Standardized 100% single rooms in new hospital builds: a high-cost strategy with low use of showers. J Hosp Infect 2023; 138:89-91. [PMID: 37075819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Walker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - B Wilson
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Balfour Hospital, NHS Orkney, Kirkwall, UK
| | - K Laing-Herridge
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Balfour Hospital, NHS Orkney, Kirkwall, UK
| | - C Edwards
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Balfour Hospital, NHS Orkney, Kirkwall, UK
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6
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Pestana CJ, Hui J, Camacho-Muñoz D, Edwards C, Robertson PKJ, Irvine JTS, Lawton LA. Solar-driven semi-conductor photocatalytic water treatment (TiO 2, g-C 3N 4, and TiO 2+g-C 3N 4) of cyanotoxins: Proof-of-concept study with microcystin-LR. Chemosphere 2023; 310:136828. [PMID: 36241123 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and their toxins are a threat to drinking water safety as increasingly cyanobacterial blooms (mass occurrences) occur in lakes and reservoirs all over the world. Photocatalytic removal of cyanotoxins by solar light active catalysts is a promising way to purify water at relatively low cost compared to modifying existing infrastructure. We have established a facile and low-cost method to obtain TiO2 and g-C3N4 coated floating photocatalysts using recycled glass beads. g-C3N4 coated and TiO2+g-C3N4 co-coated beads were able to completely remove microcystin-LR in artificial fresh water under both natural and simulated solar light irradiation without agitation in less than 2 h. TiO2 coated beads achieved complete removal within 8 h of irradiation. TiO2+g-C3N4 beads were more effective than g-C3N4 beads as demonstrated by the increase reaction rate with reaction constants, 0.0485 min-1 compared to 0.0264 min-1 respectively, with TiO2 alone found to be considerably slower 0.0072 min-1. g-C3N4 based photocatalysts showed a similar degradation pathway to TiO2 based photocatalysts by attacking the C6-C7 double bond on the Adda side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Pestana
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB10 7GJ, UK.
| | - Jianing Hui
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Dolores Camacho-Muñoz
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Peter K J Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Stanmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - John T S Irvine
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Linda A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB10 7GJ, UK
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7
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Turner AD, Beach DG, Foss A, Samdal IA, Løvberg KLE, Waack J, Edwards C, Lawton LA, Dean KJ, Maskrey BH, Lewis AM. A Feasibility Study into the Production of a Mussel Matrix Reference Material for the Cyanobacterial Toxins Microcystins and Nodularins. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 15:27. [PMID: 36668847 PMCID: PMC9867187 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystins and nodularins, produced naturally by certain species of cyanobacteria, have been found to accumulate in aquatic foodstuffs such as fish and shellfish, resulting in a risk to the health of the seafood consumer. Monitoring of toxins in such organisms for risk management purposes requires the availability of certified matrix reference materials to aid method development, validation and routine quality assurance. This study consequently targeted the preparation of a mussel tissue reference material incurred with a range of microcystin analogues and nodularins. Nine targeted analogues were incorporated into the material as confirmed through liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), with an additional 15 analogues detected using LC coupled to non-targeted high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Toxins in the reference material and additional source tissues were quantified using LC-MS/MS, two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods and with an oxidative-cleavage method quantifying 3-methoxy-2-methyl-4-phenylbutyric acid (MMPB). Correlations between the concentrations quantified using the different methods were variable, likely relating to differences in assay cross-reactivities and differences in the abilities of each method to detect bound toxins. A consensus concentration of total soluble toxins determined from the four independent test methods was 2425 ± 575 µg/kg wet weight. A mean 43 ± 9% of bound toxins were present in addition to the freely extractable soluble form (57 ± 9%). The reference material produced was homogenous and stable when stored in the freezer for six months without any post-production stabilization applied. Consequently, a cyanotoxin shellfish reference material has been produced which demonstrates the feasibility of developing certified seafood matrix reference materials for a large range of cyanotoxins and could provide a valuable future resource for cyanotoxin risk monitoring, management and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Turner
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Daniel G. Beach
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Amanda Foss
- Greenwater Laboratories, 205 Zeagler Drive, Suite 302, Palatka, FL 32177, USA
| | | | | | - Julia Waack
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK
- CyanoSol, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Christine Edwards
- CyanoSol, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Linda A. Lawton
- CyanoSol, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Karl J. Dean
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Benjamin H. Maskrey
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Adam M. Lewis
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK
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Pestana CJ, Santos AA, Capelo-Neto J, Melo VMM, Reis KC, Oliveira S, Rogers R, Pacheco ABF, Hui J, Skillen NC, Barros MUG, Edwards C, Azevedo SMFO, Robertson PKJ, Irvine JTS, Lawton LA. Suppressing cyanobacterial dominance by UV-LED TiO 2-photocatalysis in a drinking water reservoir: A mesocosm study. Water Res 2022; 226:119299. [PMID: 36323220 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and their toxic secondary metabolites present challenges for water treatment globally. In this study we have assessed TiO2 immobilized onto recycled foamed glass beads by a facile calcination method, combined in treatment units with 365 nm UV-LEDs. The treatment system was deployed in mesocosms within a eutrophic Brazilian drinking water reservoir. The treatment units were deployed for 7 days and suppressed cyanobacterial abundance by 85% while at the same time enhancing other water quality parameters; turbidity and transparency improved by 40 and 81% respectively. Genomic analysis of the microbiota in the treated mesocosms revealed that the composition of the cyanobacterial community was affected and the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria increased during cyanobacterial suppression. The effect of the treatment on zooplankton and other eukaryotes was also monitored. The abundance of zooplankton decreased while Chrysophyte and Alveolata loadings increased. The results of this proof-of-concept study demonstrate the potential for full-scale, in-reservoir application of advanced oxidation processes as complementary water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Pestana
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Allan A Santos
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Capelo-Neto
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Vânia M M Melo
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Kelly C Reis
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Samylla Oliveira
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Rogers
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana B F Pacheco
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jianing Hui
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Nathan C Skillen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mário U G Barros
- Ceára Water Resources Management Company (COGERH), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sandra M F O Azevedo
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Peter K J Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - John T S Irvine
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Linda A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
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Akcaalan R, Devesa-Garriga R, Dietrich A, Steinhaus M, Dunkel A, Mall V, Manganelli M, Scardala S, Testai E, Codd GA, Kozisek F, Antonopoulou M, Ribeiro ARL, Sampaio MJ, Hiskia A, Triantis TM, Dionysiou DD, Puma GL, Lawton L, Edwards C, Andersen HR, Fatta-Kassinos D, Karaolia P, Combès A, Panksep K, Zervou SK, Albay M, Köker L, Chernova E, Iliakopoulou S, Varga E, Visser PM, Gialleli AI, Zengin Z, Deftereos N, Miskaki P, Christophoridis C, Paraskevopoulou A, Lin TF, Zamyadi A, Dimova G, Kaloudis T. Water taste and odor (T&O): Challenges, gaps and solutions from a perspective of the WaterTOP network. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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10
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Albert C, Bracaglia L, Koide A, DiRito J, Lysyy T, Harkins L, Edwards C, Richfield O, Grundler J, Zhou K, Denbaum E, Ketavarapu G, Hattori T, Perincheri S, Langford J, Feizi A, Haakinson D, Hosgood SA, Nicholson ML, Pober JS, Saltzman WM, Koide S, Tietjen GT. Monobody adapter for functional antibody display on nanoparticles for adaptable targeted delivery applications. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5998. [PMID: 36220817 PMCID: PMC9553936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) play a central role in the pathophysiology of many diseases. The use of targeted nanoparticles (NPs) to deliver therapeutics to ECs could dramatically improve efficacy by providing elevated and sustained intracellular drug levels. However, achieving sufficient levels of NP targeting in human settings remains elusive. Here, we overcome this barrier by engineering a monobody adapter that presents antibodies on the NP surface in a manner that fully preserves their antigen-binding function. This system improves targeting efficacy in cultured ECs under flow by >1000-fold over conventional antibody immobilization using amine coupling and enables robust delivery of NPs to the ECs of human kidneys undergoing ex vivo perfusion, a clinical setting used for organ transplant. Our monobody adapter also enables a simple plug-and-play capacity that facilitates the evaluation of a diverse array of targeted NPs. This technology has the potential to simplify and possibly accelerate both the development and clinical translation of EC-targeted nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Albert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - L Bracaglia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J DiRito
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - T Lysyy
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - L Harkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Edwards
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - O Richfield
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Grundler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - K Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E Denbaum
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Ketavarapu
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - T Hattori
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Perincheri
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Langford
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Feizi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D Haakinson
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S A Hosgood
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M L Nicholson
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J S Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - W M Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - G T Tietjen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Tedbury P, Manfredi C, Conway J, Horwath M, McCracken C, Sorscher A, Moreau S, Wright C, Edwards C, Brewer J, Guarner J, De Wit E, Williamson B, Ong Y, Roback J, Alter D, Degenhardt F, Karlsen T, Franke A, Sarafianos S, Sorscher E, Hong J, Ehrhardt A. 385 Mechanisms by which cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator may influence SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [PMCID: PMC9527873 DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)01075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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12
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Moura DS, Pestana CJ, Moffat CF, Hui J, Irvine JTS, Edwards C, Lawton LA. Adsorption of cyanotoxins on polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate: Microplastics as vector of eight microcystin analogues. Environ Pollut 2022; 303:119135. [PMID: 35283205 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are utilised globally but are of environmental concern due to their persistence. The global presence of microplastics (particles <5 mm in all dimensions) in freshwater environments is increasingly reported, as has the presence of cyanobacterial toxins, including the microcystins. We elucidated the potential role of microplastics as a vector for eight microcystin analogues. Two sizes of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microparticles were evaluated. The median particle size distribution (D50) was 8-28 μm for small particles, and 81-124 μm for large particles. Additionally, microcystin-LR and -LF were evaluated individually using small PP and PET to elucidate the adsorption behaviour in the absence of competition. Microcystin hydrophobicity, polymer material, and particle size were key factors influencing adsorption to the plastic microparticles. The small size PP microparticles demonstrated a high affinity for the 8 microcystin analogues. The proportion of microcystin adsorbed onto the small particles of PP after 48 h contact was between 83 and 100%, depending on the analogue. Of all analogues investigated, only microcystin-LW and -LF adsorbed onto the larger sized PP and PET microparticles. Individually, greater amounts of MC-LF adsorbed onto the small PET (19%) compared to when it was present in the mixture of microcystins (11%). While MC-LR did not adsorb onto small PET microparticles in the mixture, 5% adsorption was observed when individually in contact with small PET microparticles. The results demonstrated that microplastics can adsorb eight different microcystin analogues and that more hydrophobic analogues are more likely to adsorb than less hydrophobic analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S Moura
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
| | - Carlos J Pestana
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Colin F Moffat
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Jianing Hui
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - John T S Irvine
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Linda A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
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13
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Craig T, Garety P, Ward T, Edwards C, Rus-Calafell M, Huckvale M, Emsley R. The UK AVATAR 1 and 2 Trials for People with Distressing Voices – Findings and Learning from AVATAR1, and AVATAR2 Developments in Theory and Therapy. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9566973 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many people suffering from psychotic disorders report persistent auditory verbal hallucinations (‘voices’) despite pharmacological and psychological therapy. Interest is growing in approaches that emphasise the personal relationship between the patient and their voice(s). AVATAR therapy is one such approach that uses a digital representation (avatar) of a selected voice to facilitate a three-way discussion between patient, therapist and voice, the therapist speaking either as him/herself or in the digitally transformed voice of the avatar. Objectives: To describe AVATAR therapy and an ongoing multi-centre clinical trial. Methods: Encouraging findings from an earlier controlled trial (AVATAR1) comparing AVATAR therapy and supportive counselling informed our current multi-site cost-effectiveness trial of brief and extended versions of the therapy compared to treatment as usual (AVATAR2). Results: AVATAR1 delivered in 7 weekly sessions resulted in a reduction in the frequency, distress and power of voices that was significantly superior to supportive counselling. Clinical experience suggested that some participants improved in response to the early focus on anxiety while others seemed more responsive to later more formulation-driven approach. These findings led us to the current ongoing three arm clinical trial comprising a brief (6 session) focus on anxiety/assertiveness, an extended (12 session) formulation-driven approach both approaches compared to treatment as usual. Conclusion: Previous AVATAR studies suggest this is a therapy with considerable promise. It can be delivered through widely available laptop computers, usually in clinic but also remotely via existing commercial platforms. The current trial will address questions about dissemination, training and cost-effectiveness in NHS settings. Disclosure The digital technology employed in AVATAR therapy is provided by licence for the trial from Avatar Therapy Ltd
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14
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Edwards C, Doylend N. P127 Haemophilus influenza and antimicrobial resistance in children and young people with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Edwards C, McNerney CC, Lawton LA, Palmer J, Macgregor K, Jack F, Cockburn P, Plummer A, Lovegrove A, Wood A. Recoverable resources from pot ale & spent wash from Scotch Whisky production. Resour Conserv Recycl 2022; 179:106114. [PMID: 35370357 PMCID: PMC8803549 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.106114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Scotch Whisky is an important global commodity which generates extensive co-product known as pot ale or spent wash (> 10 L co-product per L whisky). Whilst this is often used as fertiliser or animal feed, a proportion requires disposal resulting in cost to the distillery along with the negative impact on the carbon footprint due to transportation. This study examined the composition of the soluble fraction of pot ale from twenty-two distilleries in Scotland in order to assess the potential for resource recovery and transition to a more circular economy. The results reinforced previous studies, demonstrating that pot ale is an excellent source of protein with a potential for recovery >150, 000 t per annum in Scotland based on Whisky production data. Lactic acid, an important industrial platform chemical, was the major organic acid produced with concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 6.6 g L -1, representing a potential opportunity for recovery for applications such as manufacture of biodegradable polylactic acid for plastics (> 15,000 t per annum based on mean values). Other important platform chemicals, succinic acid and lysine were also identified and considered in sufficient amounts for future use. Pot ale was also shown to contain significant amounts of critical raw materials, magnesium and phosphate, which could be reclaimed for use in fertiliser/feed supporting the development of a new circular economy whilst at the same time reducing the burden of mining and transportation on the environment. The data in this study demonstrated a potential 13.8 kt recoverable phosphate per annum representing more than half of the annual fertiliser consumption in Scotland. Whisky co-products can contribute to sustainable energy, food and platform chemicals with the added value that metal concentrations are not sufficiently high to prevent its utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Edwards
- The School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Calum C. McNerney
- The School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Linda A. Lawton
- The School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Palmer
- The School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Macgregor
- The Scotch Whisky Research Institute, The Robertson Trust Building, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Jack
- The Scotch Whisky Research Institute, The Robertson Trust Building, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Cockburn
- Diageo, International Technical Centre, Glenochil, Menstrie, Clackmannanshire, Scotland, FK11 7ES, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Plummer
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Lovegrove
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Wood
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
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Amiri HES, Brain D, Sharaf O, Withnell P, McGrath M, Alloghani M, Al Awadhi M, Al Dhafri S, Al Hamadi O, Al Matroushi H, Al Shamsi Z, Al Shehhi O, Chaffin M, Deighan J, Edwards C, Ferrington N, Harter B, Holsclaw G, Kelly M, Kubitschek D, Landin B, Lillis R, Packard M, Parker J, Pilinski E, Pramman B, Reed H, Ryan S, Sanders C, Smith M, Tomso C, Wrigley R, Al Mazmi H, Al Mheiri N, Al Shamsi M, Al Tunaiji E, Badri K, Christensen P, England S, Fillingim M, Forget F, Jain S, Jakosky BM, Jones A, Lootah F, Luhmann JG, Osterloo M, Wolff M, Yousuf M. The Emirates Mars Mission. Space Sci Rev 2022; 218:4. [PMID: 35194256 PMCID: PMC8830993 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-021-00868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) was launched to Mars in the summer of 2020, and is the first interplanetary spacecraft mission undertaken by the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The mission has multiple programmatic and scientific objectives, including the return of scientifically useful information about Mars. Three science instruments on the mission's Hope Probe will make global remote sensing measurements of the Martian atmosphere from a large low-inclination orbit that will advance our understanding of atmospheric variability on daily and seasonal timescales, as well as vertical atmospheric transport and escape. The mission was conceived and developed rapidly starting in 2014, and had aggressive schedule and cost constraints that drove the design and implementation of a new spacecraft bus. A team of Emirati and American engineers worked across two continents to complete a fully functional and tested spacecraft and bring it to the launchpad in the middle of a global pandemic. EMM is being operated from the UAE and the United States (U.S.), and will make its data freely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. E. S. Amiri
- UAE Ministry of Industry and Advanced Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - D. Brain
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - O. Sharaf
- Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - P. Withnell
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - M. McGrath
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - M. Alloghani
- Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - M. Al Awadhi
- Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - S. Al Dhafri
- Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - O. Al Hamadi
- Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - H. Al Matroushi
- Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Z. Al Shamsi
- Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - O. Al Shehhi
- Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - M. Chaffin
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - J. Deighan
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - C. Edwards
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - N. Ferrington
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - B. Harter
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - G. Holsclaw
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - M. Kelly
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - D. Kubitschek
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - B. Landin
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - R. Lillis
- Space Sciences Lab, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - M. Packard
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | | | - E. Pilinski
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - B. Pramman
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - H. Reed
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - S. Ryan
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - C. Sanders
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - M. Smith
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - C. Tomso
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - R. Wrigley
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - H. Al Mazmi
- UAE Space Agency, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - N. Al Mheiri
- Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - M. Al Shamsi
- Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - E. Al Tunaiji
- Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - K. Badri
- Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - S. England
- Virgina Tech University, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - M. Fillingim
- Space Sciences Lab, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - F. Forget
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Paris, France
| | - S. Jain
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - B. M. Jakosky
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - A. Jones
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - F. Lootah
- Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - J. G. Luhmann
- Space Sciences Lab, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - M. Osterloo
- Space Science International, Boulder, CO USA
| | - M. Wolff
- Space Science International, Boulder, CO USA
| | - M. Yousuf
- Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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17
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Morillo-Santander G, Totterdell R, Edwards C, Garcia AL. Differences on food choice, perceptions and attitudes between parents and their children. Appetite 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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18
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Edwards C, Forster E. Use of an online web-resource with COVID-19 patients in the community and in hospital: An impact evaluation assessing patient experience. Physiotherapy 2022. [PMCID: PMC8848149 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Pestana CJ, Moura DS, Capelo-Neto J, Edwards C, Dreisbach D, Spengler B, Lawton LA. Potentially Poisonous Plastic Particles: Microplastics as a Vector for Cyanobacterial Toxins Microcystin-LR and Microcystin-LF. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:15940-15949. [PMID: 34758624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential of microplastics to act as a vector for micropollutants of natural or anthropogenic origin is of rising concern. Cyanobacterial toxins, including microcystins, are harmful to humans and wildlife. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the potential of microplastics to act as vectors for two different microcystin analogues. A concentration of up to 28 times from water to plastic was observed for the combination of polystyrene and microcystin-LF achieving toxin concentrations on the plastic of 142 ± 7 μg g-1. Based on the experimental results, and assuming a worst-case scenario, potential toxin doses for daphnids are calculated based on published microplastic ingestion data. Progressing up through trophic levels, theoretically, the concentration of microcystins in organisms is discussed. The experimental results indicate that adsorption of microcystins onto microplastics is a multifactorial process, depending on the particle size, the variable amino acid composition of the microcystins, the type of plastic, and pH. Furthermore, the results of the current study stressed the limitations of exclusively investigating microcystin-LR (the most commonly studied microcystin congener) as a model compound representing a group of around 250 reported microcystin congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Pestana
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, U.K
| | - Diana S Moura
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, U.K
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Avenida Humberto Monte, Pici Campus Block 713 (first floor), Fortaleza, Ceará 60440-593, Brazil
| | - José Capelo-Neto
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Avenida Humberto Monte, Pici Campus Block 713 (first floor), Fortaleza, Ceará 60440-593, Brazil
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, U.K
| | - Domenic Dreisbach
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Linda A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, U.K
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20
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Martínez-Albaladejo M, Seedhouse I, Edwards C. Absolute dose measurements for 192Ir high-dose-rate sources using micro-ionization chambers. Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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21
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Jayakumar A, Wurzer C, Soldatou S, Edwards C, Lawton LA, Mašek O. New directions and challenges in engineering biologically-enhanced biochar for biological water treatment. Sci Total Environ 2021; 796:148977. [PMID: 34273833 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cost-effective, efficient, and sustainable water treatment solutions utilising existing materials and technology will make it easier for low and middle-income countries to adopt them, improving public health. The ability of biochar to mediate and support microbial degradation of contaminants, combined with its carbon-sequestration potential, has attracted attention in recent years. Biochar is a possible candidate for use in cost-effective and sustainable biological water treatment, especially in agrarian economies with easy access to abundant biomass in the form of crop residues and organic wastes. This review evaluates the scope, potential benefits (economic and environmental) and challenges of sustainable biological water treatment using 'Biologically-Enhanced Biochar' or BEB. We discuss the various processes occurring in BEB systems and demonstrate the urgent need to investigate microbial degradation mechanisms. We highlight the need to correlate biochar properties to biofilm development, which can eventually determine process efficiency. We also demonstrate the various opportunities in adopting BEB as a cheaper and more viable alternative in Low and Middle Income Countries and compare it to the current benchmark, 'Biological Activated Carbon'. We focus on the recent advances in the areas of data science, mathematical modelling and molecular biology to systematically and sustainably design BEB filters, unlike the largely empirical design approaches seen in water treatment. 'Sequential biochar systems' are introduced as specially designed end-of-life techniques to lower the environmental impact of BEB filters and examples of their integration into biological water treatment that can fulfil zero waste criteria for BEBs are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Jayakumar
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Christian Wurzer
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sylvia Soldatou
- CyanoSol, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Christine Edwards
- CyanoSol, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Linda A Lawton
- CyanoSol, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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22
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Menezes I, Capelo-Neto J, Pestana CJ, Clemente A, Hui J, Irvine JTS, Nimal Gunaratne HQ, Robertson PKJ, Edwards C, Gillanders RN, Turnbull GA, Lawton LA. Comparison of UV-A photolytic and UV/TiO 2 photocatalytic effects on Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7813 and four microcystin analogues: A pilot scale study. J Environ Manage 2021; 298:113519. [PMID: 34411798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To date, the high cost of supplying UV irradiation has prevented the widespread application of UV photolysis and titanium dioxide based photocatalysis in removing undesirable organics in the water treatment sector. To overcome this problem, the use of UV-LEDs (365 nm) for photolysis and heterogeneous photocatalysis applying TiO2 coated glass beads under UV-LED illumination (365 nm) in a pilot scale reactor for the elimination of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7813 and four microcystin analogues (MC-LR, -LY, -LW, -LF) with a view to deployment in drinking water reservoirs was investigated. UV-A (365 nm) photolysis was shown to be more effective than the UV/TiO2 photocatalytic system for the removal of Microcystis aeruginosa cells and microcystins. During photolysis, cell density significantly decreased over 5 days from an initial concentration of 5.8 × 106 cells mL-1 until few cells were left. Both intra- and extracellular microcystin concentrations were significantly reduced by 100 and 92 %, respectively, by day 5 of the UV treatment for all microcystin analogues. During UV/TiO2 treatment, there was great variability between replicates, making prediction of the effect on cyanobacterial cell and toxin behavior difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Menezes
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
| | - José Capelo-Neto
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Carlos J Pestana
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Clemente
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jianing Hui
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - John T S Irvine
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - H Q Nimal Gunaratne
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Peter K J Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ross N Gillanders
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Graham A Turnbull
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Linda A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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23
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Beck T, Sloane AJ, Carola DL, McElwee D, Edwards C, Bell-Carey B, Leopold K, Greenspan JS, Aghai ZH. Management of well appearing infants born to afebrile mothers with inadequate GBS prophylaxis: A retrospective comparison of the three approaches recommended by the COFN. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2021; 15:297-302. [PMID: 34806622 DOI: 10.3233/npm-210798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are three different approaches set forth by the Committee on the Fetus and Newborn (COFN) for managing asymptomatic neonates born to mothers with inadequate intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) for early-onset Group B Strep (GBS) infection. The first approach is that of categorical risk factor assessments, and recommends that asymptomatic infants born to afebrile mothers with inadequate IAP for GBS be monitored with clinical observation for 36-48 hours. The second approach recommends serial physical examinations and vital signs for 36-48 hours to closely monitor changes in clinical condition for all patients. The Kaiser Permanente EOS risk calculator (SRC) is an example of the third approach, a multivariate risk assessment, and it takes into consideration several perinatal risk factors. This multivariate risk assessment then provides recommendations for reassessment and management based on presume risk of the infant developing or having Early Onset Sepsis (EOS). The aim of our study was to compare these three recently published recommendations from the COFN for the management of asymptomatic neonates born to afebrile mothers with inadequate IAP for GBS. STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective study of asymptomatic neonates with gestational age ≥35 weeks born to afebrile mothers with indicated inadequate IAP for GBS between April 2017 and July 2020. Management recommendations of the SRC were compared to the recommendations of categorical risk assessment and risk assessment based on clinical condition. RESULTS A total of 7,396 infants were born during the study period, 394 (5.3%. to mothers with inadequate IAP. Recommendations for these infants according to both the categorical risk factor guideline and the clinical condition guideline include extended, close observation. However, the SRC recommended routine newborn care for 99.7%.f these infants. None of the infants developed EOS. CONCLUSION The SRC recommend routine neonatal care without enhanced and prolonged observation for nearly all asymptomatic infants born to afebrile mothers with inadequate IAP. As none of the infants in this cohort had EOS, further studies in a larger cohort are needed to establish the safety of SRC in neonates born to mothers with inadequate IAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Beck
- Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - A J Sloane
- Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D L Carola
- Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D McElwee
- Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - C Edwards
- Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - B Bell-Carey
- Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - K Leopold
- Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - J S Greenspan
- Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Z H Aghai
- Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Fidor A, Cekała K, Wieczerzak E, Cegłowska M, Kasprzykowski F, Edwards C, Mazur-Marzec H. Nostocyclopeptides as New Inhibitors of 20S Proteasome. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101483. [PMID: 34680116 PMCID: PMC8533403 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nostocyclopeptides (Ncps) are a small class of bioactive nonribosomal peptides produced solely by cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc. In the current work, six Ncps were isolated from Nostoc edaphicum strain CCNP1411. The bioactivity of these compounds was tested in vitro against 20S proteasome, a proteolytic complex that plays an important role in maintaining cellular proteostasis. Dysfunction of the complex leads to many pathological disorders. The assays indicated selective activity of specific Ncp variants. For two linear peptide aldehydes, Ncp-A2-L and Ncp-E2-L, the inhibitory effects on chymotrypsin-like activity were revealed, while the cyclic variant, Ncp-A2, inactivated the trypsin-like site of this enzymatic complex. The aldehyde group was confirmed to be an important element of the chymotrypsin-like activity inhibitors. The nostocyclopeptides, as novel inhibitors of 20S proteasome, increased the number of natural products that can be considered potential regulators of cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fidor
- Division of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego 46, PL-81378 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Cekała
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80308 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.C.); (E.W.); (F.K.)
| | - Ewa Wieczerzak
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80308 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.C.); (E.W.); (F.K.)
| | - Marta Cegłowska
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland;
| | - Franciszek Kasprzykowski
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80308 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.C.); (E.W.); (F.K.)
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK;
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Division of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego 46, PL-81378 Gdynia, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Pasqua E, Hamblin N, Edwards C, Baker-Glenn C, Hurley C. Developing inhaled drugs for respiratory diseases: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:134-150. [PMID: 34547449 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the devastating impact of many lung diseases on human health, there is still a significant unmet medical need in respiratory diseases, for which inhaled delivery represents a crucial strategy. More guidance on how to design and carry out multidisciplinary inhaled projects is needed. When designing inhaled drugs, the medicinal chemist must carefully balance the physicochemical properties of the molecule to achieve optimal target engagement in the lung. Although the medicinal chemistry strategy is unique for each project, and will change depending on multiple factors, such as the disease, target, systemic risk, delivery device, and formulation, general guidelines aiding inhaled drug design can be applied and are summarised in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pasqua
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK.
| | - Nicole Hamblin
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK; Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Waldon CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Christine Edwards
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
| | - Charles Baker-Glenn
- Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Waldon CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Chris Hurley
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
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Palmer JS, Lawton LA, Kindt R, Edwards C. Rapid analytical methods for the microalgal and cyanobacterial biorefinery: Application on strains of industrial importance. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1156. [PMID: 33650795 PMCID: PMC7917028 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To realize the potential of microalgae in the biorefinery context, exploitation of multiple products is necessary for profitability and bioproduct valorization. Appropriate analytical tools are required for growth optimization, culture monitoring, and quality control purposes, with safe, low-tech, and low-cost solutions favorable. Rapid, high-throughput, and user-friendly methodologies were devised for (a) determination of phycobiliproteins, chlorophylls, carotenoids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids and (b) qualitative and quantitative carotenoid profiling using UPLC-PDA-MSE . The complementary methods were applied on 11 commercially important microalgal strains including prasinophytes, haptophytes, and cyanobacteria, highlighting the suitability of some strains for coproduct exploitation and the method utility for research and industrial biotechnology applications. The UPLC method allowed separation of 41 different carotenoid compounds in <15 min. Simple techniques are described for further quantification and comparison of pigment profiles, allowing for easy strain selection and optimization for pigment production, with suitability for biotechnological or biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Palmer
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.,ScotBio, BioCity Scotland, Newhouse, UK
| | - Linda A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
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Martínez Albaladejo M, Seedhouse I, Tudhope P, Birmpakos P, Coles A, Contoret L, Mcgowan L, Pointon A, Edwards C. PO-1594 Implementation of a QC procedure based on absolute dosimetry of 192-Ir HDR sources by microionization chamber. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Acha S, Linan A, MacDougal J, Edwards C. The evolutionary history of vines in a neotropical biodiversity hotspot: Phylogenomics and biogeography of a large passion flower clade (Passiflora section Decaloba). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 164:107260. [PMID: 34273502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Because of their extraordinary flower and leaf morphology, passion flowers (Passifloraceae) have fascinated naturalists since their discovery. Within the large, diverse (600 species) genus Passiflora is an especially enigmatic and species-rich (120 spp.) subclade, Section Decaloba, which occurs in the Neotropics and has its center of diversity in Andean montane forests. A recent phylogenetic study of Passifloraceae showed that Section Decaloba was monophyletic, but was unable to resolve relationships within the clade, thus preventing inferences of evolutionary history and biogeography. The goal of this study was to elucidate the phylogeny and biogeography of Section Decaloba. We sampled 206 accessions representing 91 of the ~ 120 known species in section Decaloba and four outgroups, with samples derived predominantly from herbarium specimens. We generated DNA sequences using a high-throughput DNA sequencing technique called 2b-RAD, reconstructed the phylogeny, and conducted ancestral area reconstructions to infer the biogeographic history of the group. We recovered predominantly well-supported trees in which species were grouped into two main clades: 1) the Central American clade, within which the majority of nodes well supported and species were monophyletic and 2) the South American clade, a large clade that showed overall lower resolution and included several polyphyletic species and species complexes that need additional research. RASP analysis showed that section Decaloba originated in Central America around 10.4 Ma, and then dispersed to South America, the Greater Antilles, and the Bahamas. The South American clade diversified in the Northern Andes and then dispersed to the rest of South America, and Lesser Antilles. Results suggest that both long-distance dispersal and colonization of newly available habitats (i.e., in the Andes) likely promoted diversification of this clade. This study also illustrates how using herbarium specimens and a RAD-seq approach can produce phylogenies for broadly distributed, highly diverse, and poorly accessible groups of plants where field collections would be unfeasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Acha
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Blvd, Research Hall St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; University of Florida Herbarium, Florida Museum of Natural History,1659 Museum Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA.
| | - Alexander Linan
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John MacDougal
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Harris-Stowe State University, 3026 Laclede Ave, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
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Thomson C, Edwards C, Garcia A. Digestive Symptoms in UK Adults and the Perceived Effect of Foods. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab038_070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Fibre intakes in UK adults are below recommended levels, therefore, individuals should be encouraged to increase their consumption of fibrous foods. However, this could increase digestive symptoms in some people. To establish to what extent this might be a problem, we sought to better understand the experience of digestive symptoms and the perceived effect of foods in the UK adult population.
Methods
An online self-administered survey was developed using an online tool (Online Surveys) and participants were recruited via social media sites including Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Reddit, forums and via word of mouth.
Results
Of the 238 individuals who completed the survey, 81% reported having at least 1 digestive symptom in the previous 4 weeks. The age range of respondents was 18–82 years: 77% female, 22% male and 0.4% other. The most reported symptoms were flatulence (67%), abdominal bloating (58%) and borborygmi (54%). The most concerning symptoms for respondents were abdominal bloating/distension (19%), abdominal pain and diarrhoea (both 17%). Certain foods/drinks were perceived causes of digestive symptoms in 75% of respondents and 64% routinely avoid certain foods/drinks because of this. Beans, carbonated soft drinks and spicy foods were the most common perceived causes of flatulence (30%), belching (16%) and heartburn (15%) respectively. There was a negative correlation between willingness to consume foods which induce digestive symptoms and severity of the symptoms (r = −.521, P < 0.001). Increased willingness to consume foods which induce symptoms was reported when respondents found a food tasty, perceived it as healthy or it was consumed on a special occasion or seen as a luxury item compared to under normal circumstances (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Digestive symptoms were common among respondents and the extent to which symptoms affected individuals and influenced dietary choices varied widely. This research also demonstrates that individuals may tolerate increased digestive symptoms related to food consumption under certain circumstances.
Funding Sources
This research was funded by a BBSRC PhD studentship and Mondelez International.
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Santos AA, Guedes DO, Barros MUG, Oliveira S, Pacheco ABF, Azevedo SMFO, Magalhães VF, Pestana CJ, Edwards C, Lawton LA, Capelo-Neto J. Effect of hydrogen peroxide on natural phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in a drinking water reservoir: Mesocosm-scale study. Water Res 2021; 197:117069. [PMID: 33784604 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are increasingly reported worldwide, presenting a challenge to water treatment plants and concerning risks to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Advanced oxidative processes comprise efficient and safe methods for water treatment. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been proposed as a sustainable solution to mitigate bloom-forming cyanobacteria since this group presents a higher sensitivity compared to other phytoplankton, with no major risks to the environment at low concentrations. Here, we evaluated the effects of a single H2O2 addition (10 mg L-1) over 120 h in mesocosms introduced in a reservoir located in a semi-arid region presenting a Planktothrix-dominated cyanobacterial bloom. We followed changes in physical and chemical parameters and in the bacterioplankton composition. H2O2 efficiently suppressed cyanobacteria, green algae, and diatoms over 72 h, leading to an increase in transparency and dissolved organic carbon, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen and pH, while nutrient concentrations were not affected. After 120 h, cyanobacterial abundance remained low and green algae became dominant. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the original cyanobacterial bloom was composed by Planktothrix, Cyanobium and Microcystis. Only Cyanobium increased in relative abundance at 120 h, suggesting regrowth. A prominent change in the composition of heterotrophic bacteria was observed with Exiguobacterium, Paracoccus and Deinococcus becoming the most abundant genera after the H2O2 treatment. Our results indicate that this approach is efficient in suppressing cyanobacterial blooms and improving water quality in tropical environments. Monitoring changes in abiotic parameters and the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa could be used to anticipate the regrowth of cyanobacteria after H2O2 degradation and to indicate where in the reservoir H2O2 should be applied so the effects are still felt in the water treatment plant intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan A Santos
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Dayvson O Guedes
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mário U G Barros
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Water Resources Management Company, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Samylla Oliveira
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana B F Pacheco
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra M F O Azevedo
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valéria F Magalhães
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos J Pestana
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Linda A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - José Capelo-Neto
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Martínez Albaladejo M, Seedhouse I, Edwards C. PO-0204 Towards an absolute dosimetry for 192-Ir high dose rate sources with micro-ionization chamber. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Santos AA, Soldatou S, de Magalhães VF, Azevedo SMFO, Camacho-Muñoz D, Lawton LA, Edwards C. Degradation of Multiple Peptides by Microcystin-Degrader Paucibacter toxinivorans (2C20). Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:265. [PMID: 33917728 PMCID: PMC8068134 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since conventional drinking water treatments applied in different countries are inefficient at eliminating potentially toxic cyanobacterial peptides, a number of bacteria have been studied as an alternative to biological filters for the removal of microcystins (MCs). Here, we evaluated the degradation of not only MCs variants (-LR/DM-LR/-RR/-LF/-YR), but also non-MCs peptides (anabaenopeptins A/B, aerucyclamides A/D) by Paucibactertoxinivorans over 7 days. We also evaluated the degradation rate of MC-LR in a peptide mix, with all peptides tested, and in the presence of M. aeruginosa crude extract. Furthermore, biodegradation was assessed for non-cyanobacterial peptides with different chemical structures, such as cyclosporin A, (Glu1)-fibrinopeptide-B, leucine-enkephalin, and oxytocin. When cyanopeptides were individually added, P. toxinivorans degraded them (99%) over 7 days, except for MC-LR and -RR, which decreased by about 85 and 90%, respectively. The degradation rate of MC-LR decreased in the peptide mix compared to an individual compound, however, in the presence of the Microcystis extract, it was degraded considerably faster (3 days). It was noted that biodegradation rates decreased in the mix for all MCs while non-MCs peptides were immediately degraded. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS allowed us to identify two linear biodegradation products for MC-LR and MC-YR, and one for MC-LF. Furthermore, P. toxinivorans demonstrated complete degradation of non-cyanobacterial peptides, with the exception of oxytocin, where around 50% remained after 7 days. Thus, although P. toxinivorans was previously identified as a MC-degrader, it also degrades a wide range of peptides under a range of conditions, which could be optimized as a potential biological tool for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan A. Santos
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 373 Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil; (V.F.d.M.); (S.M.F.O.A.)
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, The Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; (S.S.); (D.C.-M.); (L.A.L.); (C.E.)
| | - Sylvia Soldatou
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, The Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; (S.S.); (D.C.-M.); (L.A.L.); (C.E.)
| | - Valeria Freitas de Magalhães
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 373 Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil; (V.F.d.M.); (S.M.F.O.A.)
| | - Sandra M. F. O. Azevedo
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 373 Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil; (V.F.d.M.); (S.M.F.O.A.)
| | - Dolores Camacho-Muñoz
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, The Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; (S.S.); (D.C.-M.); (L.A.L.); (C.E.)
| | - Linda A. Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, The Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; (S.S.); (D.C.-M.); (L.A.L.); (C.E.)
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, The Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; (S.S.); (D.C.-M.); (L.A.L.); (C.E.)
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Dillon M, Zaczek-Moczydlowska MA, Edwards C, Turner AD, Miller PI, Moore H, McKinney A, Lawton L, Campbell K. Current Trends and Challenges for Rapid SMART Diagnostics at Point-of-Site Testing for Marine Toxins. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:2499. [PMID: 33916687 PMCID: PMC8038394 DOI: 10.3390/s21072499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the past twenty years marine biotoxin analysis in routine regulatory monitoring has advanced significantly in Europe (EU) and other regions from the use of the mouse bioassay (MBA) towards the high-end analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Previously, acceptance of these advanced methods, in progressing away from the MBA, was hindered by a lack of commercial certified analytical standards for method development and validation. This has now been addressed whereby the availability of a wide range of analytical standards from several companies in the EU, North America and Asia has enhanced the development and validation of methods to the required regulatory standards. However, the cost of the high-end analytical equipment, lengthy procedures and the need for qualified personnel to perform analysis can still be a challenge for routine monitoring laboratories. In developing regions, aquaculture production is increasing and alternative inexpensive Sensitive, Measurable, Accurate and Real-Time (SMART) rapid point-of-site testing (POST) methods suitable for novice end users that can be validated and internationally accepted remain an objective for both regulators and the industry. The range of commercial testing kits on the market for marine toxin analysis remains limited and even more so those meeting the requirements for use in regulatory control. Individual assays include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and lateral flow membrane-based immunoassays (LFIA) for EU-regulated toxins, such as okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxins (DTXs), saxitoxin (STX) and its analogues and domoic acid (DA) in the form of three separate tests offering varying costs and benefits for the industry. It can be observed from the literature that not only are developments and improvements ongoing for these assays, but there are also novel assays being developed using upcoming state-of-the-art biosensor technology. This review focuses on both currently available methods and recent advances in innovative methods for marine biotoxin testing and the end-user practicalities that need to be observed. Furthermore, it highlights trends that are influencing assay developments such as multiplexing capabilities and rapid POST, indicating potential detection methods that will shape the future market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dillon
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (M.D.); (M.A.Z.-M.)
- Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Maja A. Zaczek-Moczydlowska
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (M.D.); (M.A.Z.-M.)
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; (C.E.); (L.L.)
| | - Andrew D. Turner
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Peter I. Miller
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Remote Sensing Group, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK;
| | - Heather Moore
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5PX, UK; (H.M.); (A.M.)
| | - April McKinney
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5PX, UK; (H.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Linda Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; (C.E.); (L.L.)
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (M.D.); (M.A.Z.-M.)
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Menezes I, Maxwell-McQueeney D, Capelo-Neto J, Pestana CJ, Edwards C, Lawton LA. Oxidative stress in the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7813: Comparison of different analytical cell stress detection assays. Chemosphere 2021; 269:128766. [PMID: 33143884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are observed when high cell densities occur and are often dangerous to human and animal health due to the presence of cyanotoxins. Conventional drinking water treatment technology struggles to efficiently remove cyanobacterial cells and their metabolites during blooms, increasing costs and decreasing water quality. Although field applications of hydrogen peroxide have been shown to successfully suppress cyanobacterial growth, a rapid and accurate measure of the effect of oxidative stress on cyanobacterial cells is required. In the current study, H2O2 (5 and 20 mg L-1) was used to induce oxidative stress in Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7813. Cell density, quantum yield of photosystem II, minimal fluorescence and microcystin (MC-LR, -LY, -LW, -LF) concentrations were compared when evaluating M. aeruginosa cellular stress. Chlorophyll content (determined by minimal fluorescence) decreased by 10% after 48 h while cell density was reduced by 97% after 24 h in samples treated with 20 mg L-1 H2O2. Photosystem II quantum yield (photosynthetic activity) indicated cyanobacteria cell stress within 6 h, which was considerably faster than the other methods. Intracellular microcystins (MC-LR, -LY, -LW and -LF) were reduced by at least 96% after 24 h of H2O2 treatment. No increase in extracellular microcystin concentration was detected, which suggests that the intracellular microcystins released into the surrounding water were completely removed by the hydrogen peroxide. Thus, photosynthetic activity was deemed the most suitable and rapid method for oxidative cell stress detection in cyanobacteria, however, an approach using combined methods is recomended for efficient water treatment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Menezes
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
| | | | - José Capelo-Neto
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Carlos J Pestana
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
| | - Linda A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
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Bojadzija Savic G, Colinet H, Bormans M, Edwards C, Lawton LA, Briand E, Wiegand C. Cell free Microcystis aeruginosa spent medium affects Daphnia magna survival and stress response. Toxicon 2021; 195:37-47. [PMID: 33716069 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Primary consumers in freshwater ecosystems, such as the zooplankton organism Daphnia magna, are highly affected by cyanobacteria, both as they may use it as a food source but also by cyanobacterial metabolites present in the water. Here, we investigate the impacts of cyanobacterial metabolites focussing on the environmental realistic scenario of the naturally released mixture without crushing cyanobacterial cells or their uptake as food. Therefore, D. magna were exposed to two concentrations of cell free cyanobacterial spent medium from Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 to represent higher and lower ecologically-relevant concentrations of cyanobacterial metabolites. Including microcystin-LR, 11 metabolites have been detected of which 5 were quantified. Hypothesising concentration and time dependent negative impact, survival, gene expression marking digestion and metabolism, oxidative stress response, cell cycle and molting as well as activities of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes were followed for 7 days. D. magna suffered from oxidative stress as both catalase and glutathione S-transferase enzyme activities significantly decreased, suggesting enzyme exhaustibility after 3 and 7 days. Moreover, gene-expressions of the 4 stress markers (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and thioredoxin) were merely downregulated after 7 days of exposure. Energy allocation (expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) was increased after 3 days but decreased as well after 7 days exposure. Cell cycle was impacted time dependently but differently by the two concentrations, along with an increasing downregulation of myosin heavy chain responsible for cell arrangement and muscular movements. Deregulation of nuclear hormone receptor genes indicate that D. magna hormonal steering including molting seemed impaired despite no detection of microviridin J in the extracts. As a consequence of all those responses and presumably of more than investigated molecular and physiological changes, D. magna survival was impaired over time, in a concentration dependent manner. Our results confirm that besides microcystin-LR, other secondary metabolites contribute to negative impact on D. magna survival and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hervé Colinet
- UMR ECOBIO, 6553 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France.
| | - Myriam Bormans
- UMR ECOBIO, 6553 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France.
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Linda A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Enora Briand
- IFREMER, Phycotoxins Laboratory, F-44311, Nantes, France.
| | - Claudia Wiegand
- UMR ECOBIO, 6553 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France.
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Kaminski A, Edwards C, Chrapusta-Srebrny E, Lawton LA. Anatoxin-a degradation by using titanium dioxide. Sci Total Environ 2021; 756:143590. [PMID: 33250246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes, such as using titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysis, are being developed to reduce or eliminate the toxicity of treated water. In this study, the removal of purified anatoxin-a (ANTX-a), live Dolichospermum flos-aquae cells, and a cell extract of this organism under UV-A/TiO2 photocatalysis, creation of decomposition products and their toxicity were investigated. Total degradation of purified ANTX-a from the initial concentration of 10 mg·L-1 with the addition of TiO2 under UV-A irradiation was achieved in 30 min. Under these conditions several decomposition products were noted with m/z ratio from 156.11 to 216.1. Analysis of the completely degraded ANTX-a sample using Thamnotoxkit F™ toxicity test showed that it was no longer toxic. TiO2 photocatalysis was also efficient in the decomposition of the living cyanobacterial cells. Degradation of their cell structures and degradation of released toxin was also achieved in 30 min. Earlier homogenization of cyanobacteria culture significantly accelerated degradation of ANTX-a to 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Kaminski
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Physiology and Development, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Robert Gordon University, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Christine Edwards
- Robert Gordon University, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ewelina Chrapusta-Srebrny
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Physiology and Development, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Linda A Lawton
- Robert Gordon University, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom
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Camacho-Muñoz D, Waack J, Turner AD, Lewis AM, Lawton LA, Edwards C. Rapid uptake and slow depuration: Health risks following cyanotoxin accumulation in mussels? Environ Pollut 2021; 271:116400. [PMID: 33421845 PMCID: PMC7859834 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater cyanobacteria produce highly toxic secondary metabolites, which can be transported downstream by rivers and waterways into the sea. Estuarine and coastal aquaculture sites exposed to toxic cyanobacteria raise concerns that shellfish may accumulate and transfer cyanotoxins in the food web. This study aims to describe the competitive pattern of uptake and depuration of a wide range of microcystins (MC-LR, MC-LF, MC-LW, MC-LY, [Asp3]-MC-LR/[Dha7]-MC-LR, MC-HilR) and nodularins (NOD cyclic and linear) within the common blue mussel Mytilus edulis exposed to a combined culture of Microcystis aeruginosa and Nodularia spumigena into the coastal environment. Different distribution profiles of MCs/NODs in the experimental system were observed. The majority of MCs/NODs were present intracellularly which is representative of healthy cyanobacterial cultures, with MC-LR and NOD the most abundant analogues. Higher removal rate was observed for NOD (≈96%) compared to MCs (≈50%) from the water phase. Accumulation of toxins in M. edulis was fast, reaching up to 3.4 μg/g shellfish tissue four days after the end of the 3-days exposure period, with NOD (1.72 μg/g) and MC-LR (0.74 μg/g) as the dominant toxins, followed by MC-LF (0.35 μg/g) and MC-LW (0.31 μg/g). Following the end of the exposure period depuration was incomplete after 27 days (0.49 μg/g of MCs/NODs). MCs/NODs were also present in faecal material and extrapallial fluid after 24 h of exposure with MCs the main contributors to the total cyanotoxin load in faecal material and NOD in the extrapallial fluid. Maximum concentration of MCs/NODs accumulated in a typical portion of mussels (20 mussels, ≈4 g each) was beyond greater the acute, seasonal and lifetime tolerable daily intake. Even after 27 days of depuration, consuming mussels harvested during even short term harmful algae blooms in close proximity to shellfish beds might carry a high health risk, highlighting the need for testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Camacho-Muñoz
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
| | - Julia Waack
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Andrew D Turner
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Adam M Lewis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Linda A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
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Morillo-Santander G, Edwards C, Garcia AL. Parental perceptions on the acceptability of high fibre foods by their children. Appetite 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hui J, Pestana CJ, Caux M, Gunaratne HQN, Edwards C, Robertson PK, Lawton LA, Irvine JT. Graphitic-C3N4 coated floating glass beads for photocatalytic destruction of synthetic and natural organic compounds in water under UV light. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Camacho-Muñoz D, Fervers AS, Pestana CJ, Edwards C, Lawton LA. Degradation of microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin by continuous flow UV-A photocatalysis over immobilised TiO 2. J Environ Manage 2020; 276:111368. [PMID: 32942219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing presence of freshwater toxins have brought new challenges to preserve water quality due to their potential impact on the environment and human health. Two commonly occurring cyanotoxins, microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin, with different physico-chemical properties were used to evaluate the efficiency of photocatalysis using a continuous-flow reactor with immobilized TiO2 on glass tubes and UV-A light. The effect of flow rate and hydrogen peroxide addition on the efficiency of cyanotoxin removal were evaluated. An analysis of the effects on microcystin-LR removal efficiency showed that low flow rates (1 mL/min) and high H2O2 concentrations (120 mg/L) were needed to provide effective degradation. Up to 27.9% and 39.1% removal of MC-LR and CYN, respectively were achieved by UV-A/TiO2 after a single pass through the reactor. A slight increase of the removal of both cyanotoxins was observed when they were in a mixture (35.5% of MC-LR and 51.3% of CYN). The addition of H2O2 to the UV/TiO2 system led to an average removal enhancement of 92.6% of MC-LR and of 29.5% of CYN compared to the UV/TiO2 system. Photolysis assisted by H2O2 degraded MC-LR by up to 77.7%. No significant removal (<10%) was observed by photolysis alone or physical adsorption. This study presents a proof-of-principle that demonstrates the feasibility for this technology to be integrated in large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Camacho-Muñoz
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
| | - Anne-Sophie Fervers
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Carlos J Pestana
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Linda A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
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Sloane AJ, Carola DL, Lafferty MA, Edwards C, Greenspan J, Aghai ZH. Management of infants born to mothers with chorioamnionitis: A retrospective comparison of the three approaches recommended by the committee on fetus and newborn. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2020; 14:383-390. [PMID: 33337392 DOI: 10.3233/npm-200531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the most recently published recommendations from the Committee on the Fetus and Newborn (COFN), three approaches currently exist for the use of risk factors to identify infants who are at increased risk of early-onset sepsis (EOS). Categorical risk factor assessments recommend laboratory testing and empiric antibiotic therapy for all infants born to mothers with a clinical diagnosis of chorioamnionitis. Risk assessments based on clinical condition recommend frequent examinations and close vital sign monitoring for infants born to mothers with chorioamnionitis. The Kaiser Permanente EOS risk calculator (SRC) is an example of the third approach, multivariate risk assessments. The aim of our study was to compare the three risk stratification approaches recommended by the COFN for management of chorioamnionitis-exposed infants. METHODS Retrospective study of 1,521 infants born ≥35 weeks to mothers with chorioamnionitis. Management recommendations of the SRC were compared to the recommendations of categorical risk assessment and risk assessment based on clinical condition (CCA). RESULTS Hypothetical application of SRC and CCA resulted in 79.6% and 76.8-85.1% respectively fewer infants allocated empiric antibiotic therapy. While CCA recommended enhanced observation for all chorioamnionitis-exposed infants, SRC recommended routine care without enhanced observation in 44.3% infants. For the six infants (0.39%) with EOS, SRC and CCA recommended empiric antibiotics only for three symptomatic infants. CONCLUSION The SRC and CCA can reduce antibiotic use but potentially delay antibiotic treatment. The SRC does not recommend enhanced observation with frequent and prolonged vital signs for >44% of chorioamnionitis-exposed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Sloane
- Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D L Carola
- Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M A Lafferty
- Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Edwards
- Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Greenspan
- Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Z H Aghai
- Pediatrics/Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University/Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Pestana CJ, Portela Noronha J, Hui J, Edwards C, Gunaratne HQN, Irvine JTS, Robertson PKJ, Capelo-Neto J, Lawton LA. Photocatalytic removal of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7813 and four microcystins by TiO 2 coated porous glass beads with UV-LED irradiation. Sci Total Environ 2020; 745:141154. [PMID: 32758751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and their toxic secondary metabolites are a challenge in water treatment due to increased biomass and dissolved metabolites in the raw water. Retrofitting existing water treatment infrastructure is prohibitively expensive or unfeasible, hence 'in-reservoir' treatment options are being explored. In the current study, a treatment system was able to photocatalytically inhibit the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and remove released microcystins by photocatalysis using titanium dioxide coated, porous foamed glass beads and UV-LEDs (365 nm). A 35% reduction of M. aeruginosa PCC7813 cell density compared to control samples was achieved in seven days. As a function of cell removal, intracellular microcystins (microcystin-LR, -LY, -LW, and -LF) were removed by 49% from 0.69 to 0.35 μg mL-1 in seven days. Microcystins that leaked into the surrounding water from compromised cells were completely removed by photocatalysis. The findings of the current study demonstrate the feasibility of an in-reservoir treatment unit applying low cost UV-LEDs and porous foamed beads made from recycled glass coated with titanium dioxide as a means to control cyanobacteria and their toxins before they can reach the water treatment plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Pestana
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
| | - Jolita Portela Noronha
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jianing Hui
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - H Q Nimal Gunaratne
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - John T S Irvine
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Peter K J Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - José Capelo-Neto
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Linda A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Seirawan H, Parungao K, Habibian M, Slusky N, Edwards C, Artavia M, Cen S, Chan C, Mulligan R. The Children's Health and Maintenance Program (CHAMP): An innovative community outreach oral health promotion program: A randomized trial. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 49:192-200. [PMID: 33135179 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe CHAMP (Children's Oral Health Promotion Program) evaluating the impact of two motivational methods in increasing dental care access. METHODS CHAMP is a multi-dimensional oral health promotion programme that recruited and screened underprivileged children/families from community sites in Los Angeles County between 2012 and 2018. A randomized clinical trial (RCT) enrolled children/families into one or more motivational interventions (intra-oral camera and/or social work consultation) designed to impact subsequent scheduling of dental appointments. RESULTS CHAMP served 24 535 families. RCT had 418 families with 68.5% scheduling appointments by second follow-up (P < .001). Excluding children with scheduled appointments by first follow-up, children experiencing both interventions were 4.1 (95% CI 1.5-11.2) times more likely to schedule appointments by second follow-up than were the controls (P=<.01). When experiencing both interventions and had never previously been to the dentist, 68.3% scheduled dental appointments; this was significantly higher than the controls (46.7%) (P = .04). The best predictor for families to have scheduled appointments was a dental visit within the last six months [OR = 3.8 (95% CI 2.2-6.6), P < .001]. CONCLUSIONS Outreach health promotion programmes are important and should consider utilizing various motivational techniques to encourage enrolment and treatment at dental homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Seirawan
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristine Parungao
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mina Habibian
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Slusky
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christine Edwards
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margarita Artavia
- USC Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven Cen
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chan Chan
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roseann Mulligan
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Hanumanthappa N, Goldsmith C, Mullassery V, Morris S, Aggarwal A, Taylor B, Gaya A, Smith D, Dunne E, GuerreroUrbano T, Qureshi A, Staykova V, Thomas C, Williams C, Hartill C, Taylor L, Harris V, Edwards C, Grandi V, Vivekanandan S, Sisodia C, Ahmad S. PO-1248: Preliminary safety and survival report of Stereotactic radiotherapy to oligometastases. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abujarad F, Edwards C, Choo E, Pantalon M, Jubanyik K, Dziura J, D'Onofrio G, Gill T. Digital health screening tool for identification of elder mistreatment. Gerontechnology 2020; 19:10.4017/gt.2020.19.s.70138. [PMID: 33574738 PMCID: PMC7875481 DOI: 10.4017/gt.2020.19.s.70138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is estimated that 15.7% of people aged 60 years and older were subjected to some form of Elder Mistreatment (EM) globally (Yon et al., 2017). In the USA, as many as 1 in 24 EM cases are left unidentified by professionals, with a 300% increased mortality risk for older adults who do not receive help (National Center on Elder Abuse, n.d.; Dong, 2009). Current methods of screening tend to miss less obvious signs of EM and may discourage older adults from disclosing EM, due to either a lack of understanding of what constitutes mistreatment or fear of retaliation from the perpetrator. METHOD Our approach shifts the focus of EM identification to the older adults themselves through an automated tablet-based tool. The Virtual cOaching in making Informed Choices on Elder Mistreatment Self-Disclosure (VOICES) tool includes various multimedia components such as videos, audio, and animations designed to educate and enhance screening. Patients screened as positive are guided through a Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) utilizing motivational interviewing to assist in self-identification (recognize that they are experiencing elder mistreatment) or self-disclosure (inform others about their elder mistreatment experiences). During tool development, we conducted a qualitative study to evaluate the perceived value and likelihood of adopting a tablet-based approach to facilitate screening and self-disclosure of EM in the ED. We held 3 focus groups with stakeholders, including 24 adults 60 years or over, 2 social workers, 2 caregivers, and 2 ED clinicians. We used the findings from the focus groups and User-Centered Design approach (UCD) to develop the tablet-based screening tool. Once the tool was ready, we tested its usability and acceptability with 14 older adults. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Focus group participants supported use of a tablet-based tool to screen for EM, indicating that digital screening benefits from feelings of privacy and anonymity. On a 7-point Likert scale ranging from "1=Very Comfortable" to "7=Very Uncomfortable", older adults scored 2.8 on average for whether they would feel comfortable using a tablet device to screen for EM. Prominent suggestions made by older adults included using a female voice for the tool narrator, larger font size, more multimedia, headphones for privacy; and having someone available during screening for assistance if needed. Participants indicated that it is difficult for older adults experiencing EM to ask for help and that any type of mistreatment screening would be helpful. They also highlighted the need to explain community resources available to older adults once EM is disclosed, especially resources offering help to the caregiver. Participants of the usability evaluation rated the tool a mean score of 86.6 (median= 88.8, iQR =18.1) on the System Usability Scale (SUS), far above the benchmark SUS score of 68, which indicates that the system is "good" or "acceptable" (Bangor et al., 2008). Shifting the focus from the provider to the older adult may encourage self-disclosure of EM by addressing major barriers to traditional screening processes. In summary, this study supported the use of self-administered automated tablet-based screening for EM. Participants generally believed that the use of digital health tools to facilitate the screening process would be beneficial in the ED setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Edwards
- Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | - E Choo
- Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | - J Dziura
- Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - T Gill
- Yale University School of Medicine, USA
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Jubanyik K, Choo E, Pantalon M, Dziura J, Edwards C, Gill T, D'Onofrio G, Abujarad F. 404 Emergency Department Tablet-Based Screening Tool for Elder Abuse. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Camacho-Muñoz D, Lawton LA, Edwards C. Degradation of okadaic acid in seawater by UV/TiO 2 photocatalysis - Proof of concept. Sci Total Environ 2020; 733:139346. [PMID: 32447082 PMCID: PMC7298613 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of contaminated shellfish with marine toxins causes adverse socioeconomical, environmental and health impacts. The marine toxin okadaic acid (OA) provokes diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) syndrome characterized by severe gastrointestinal symptoms. Therefore, there is increasing interest in removing these toxins from the marine environment to protect shellfish harvesting sites. Photocatalysis is proposed as an efficient method to detoxify the marine environment. In this study, Prorocentrum lima was used to produce high purity DSP toxins, in particular OA, for degradation studies. The profiling, characterization and quantification of DSP toxins in the culture of P. lima were achieved by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MSE) for accurate-mass full spectrum acquisition data. The effectiveness of UV/TiO2 system to degrade OA in seawater was assessed in lab-scale experiments and identification of transformation products was proposed based on the data obtained during analysis by UPLC-QTOF-MSE. The detoxification potential of the UV/TiO2 system was investigated using the phosphatase inhibition assay. Sufficient amount of high-purity OA (25 mg, >90% purity) was produced in-house for use in photocatalysis experiments by simple reversed-phase flash chromatography. Complete degradation of OA was observed in seawater after 30 min and 7.5 min in deionized water. The rate constants fitted with the pseudo-first order kinetic model (R2 > 0.96). High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of the photocatalyzed OA allowed tentative identification of four transformation products. Detoxification was achieved in parallel with the degradation of OA in deionized water and artificial ocean water (≤20 min) but not for seawater. Overall, results suggest that UV/TiO2 photocatalysis can be an effective approach for degrading OA and their TPs in the marine environment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of photocatalysis to degrade marine toxins and its promising potential to protect shellfish harvesting sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Camacho-Muñoz
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK.
| | - Linda Ann Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
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Soldatou S, Jaykumar A, H.A.S.N A, M. Manage P, Mašek O, A. Lawton L, Edwards C. Safe water for all: A nature-based approach for cyanotoxin elimination from potable water. Access Microbiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are a serious threat to public health and water quality due to the production of cyanotoxins as a result of nutrient pollution from industry, agriculture, domestic waste as well as global warming. The microcystins (MCs) are the most abundant cyanotoxins consisting of >200 analogues causing both acute and chronic toxicity, sometimes resulting in death. In Asian countries, such as Sri Lanka, reports of kidney disease are constantly increasing. Although no direct link between metal and pesticide contamination in water and kidney disease has been found, high concentration of cyanobacteria cells in drinking water wells implies that the nephrotoxic effects of cyanotoxins might play a key factor in the reports of Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. Therefore, we propose a nature-based approach for water treatment which will study the hypotheses that cyanotoxins can cause CKDu. Sri Lankan bacterial isolates (Alcaligens sp., Roseateles sp., Bacillus sp., and Micrococcus sp.) known to degrade microcystins, were used to form biofilm on biochar from Sri Lankan crop residues, such as coconut shells. The immobilisation of the microbes was assessed via a high-throughput colourimetric assay, followed by monitoring the biodegradation rate of microcystins when added to the immobilised cultures. Biodegradation products were analysed and identified through molecular networking and quantified via LC-MS/MS. Ultimately, this project will provide safe water in line with UN Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 as well contributing in sustainable goals 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and 12 (Responsible Production and Consumption).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Soldatou
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences,Robert Gordon University,Aberdeen
| | | | - Abeysiri H.A.S.N
- Centre for Water Quality and Algae Research,Department of Zoology,University of Sri Jayewardenepura
| | - Pathmalal M. Manage
- Centre for Water Quality and Algae Research,Department of Zoology,University of Sri Jayewardenepura
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- School of GeoSciences,University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh
| | - Linda A. Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences,Robert Gordon University,Aberdeen
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences,Robert Gordon University,Aberdeen
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Van Onna M, Ramiro S, Haines C, Holland-Fischer M, Da Silva JAP, Dudler J, Edwards C, Alunno A, Nikiphorou E, Falzon L, Sivera F. THU0586 ESTABLISHING THE KEY COMPONENTS OF A EULAR PORTFOLIO FOR TRAINING IN RHEUMATOLOGY: A EULAR SCHOOL OF RHEUMATOLOGY INITIATIVE. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:In clinical training, a portfolio is expected to stimulate learning and encourage critical reflection. Some, but not all, European countries use a portfolio in rheumatology training, and their scope varies widely. A EULAR portfolio for Rheumatology trainees could contribute to improve overall training, raise educational standards, foster the setting of common goals and harmonize rheumatology training across countries.Objectives:Develop key components that should be included in a EULAR portfolio of Rheumatology.Methods:A working group (WG) composed of 9 rheumatologists and 1 educationalist was established. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted in November 2018, according to the PIM structure: Population: trainees; Instrument of interest: portfolio; Measurement of properties of interest: content portfolio. A survey was disseminated among the WG group and WG members of the EMerging EUlar NETwork (EMEUNET), inquiring about the content and structure of existing national portfolios. Portfolio materials of selected countries were reviewed. Last, the WG elected the key components of the portfolio.Results:13/2,034 articles were included in the SLR (12 high/1 moderate risk of bias). Information on direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) (9/13), personal reflections (8/13), learning goals (5/13) and multisource feedback (5/13) were most often included in the portfolio. Twenty-five respondents filled out the survey (response rate ≈ 50%). Reflective writing (n=7), learning goals (n=4) and feedback (n=4) were considered the most useful components of a portfolio. About half indicated that a portfolio was a bureaucratic burden; 4 respondents mentioned lack of feedback by supervisors as a barrier. Portfolio materials of 7 European countries were reviewed. Several portfolios (Germany, Italy, Greece and Spain) were logbooks, i.e. a record of clinical activities. Other portfolios (UK, Denmark, The Netherlands) also included information on workplace-based assessments, learning goals, and personal reflections. The proposed key components of the portfolio are included in Table 1.Table 1.Key components of the EULAR portfolio of Rheumatology.Key componentContentCurriculum vitaePersonal record of achievements, experiences, knowledge and skillsPersonal Development PlanLearning goals and action planClinical workInformation on managing patients (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis)Skills (e.g. joint aspiration)Assessments (summative and formative)Personal reflectionsProfessional behaviourMultisource feedbackPersonal reflectionsEducationContinuing professional development, list of formal and non-formal learning activitiesAssessments (e.g. teaching assessment, evidence based medicine assignment)Personal reflectionsResearchList of abstracts, published articlesInformation on research funding, scholarships, bursaries, academic postsConclusion:This initiative resulted in the establishment of a list of key components to be included in a EULAR portfolio of Rheumatology. Assessment forms for each key portfolio component are currently being developed. Portfolio implementation, particularly in countries that do not use it yet, may contribute significantly to promote a higher standard of patient care across Europe.Disclosure of Interests:Marloes van Onna: None declared, Sofia Ramiro Grant/research support from: MSD, Consultant of: Abbvie, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Speakers bureau: Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Catherine Haines: None declared, M. Holland-Fischer: None declared, José Antonio P. da Silva Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbvie, Consultant of: Pfizer, AbbVie, Roche, Lilly, Novartis, Jean Dudler: None declared, Christopher Edwards Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Biogen, Roche, Consultant of: Abbvie, Samsung, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, BMS, Biogen, Celgene, Fresenius, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Mundipharma, Pfizer, MSD, Novartis, Roche, Samsung, Sanofi, UCB,Alessia Alunno: None declared, Elena Nikiphorou: None declared, L. Falzon: None declared, Francisca Sivera: None declared
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Mahmoud K, Zayat A, MD Yusof MY, Dutton K, Teh LS, Yee CS, D’cruz D, Ng N, Isenberg D, Ciurtin C, Conaghan PG, Emery P, Edwards C, Hensor E, Vital E. OP0179 USEFUL STUDY I: A MULTICENTRE LONGITUDINAL STUDY TO TEST WHETHER ULTRASOUND CAN IDENTIFY PATIENTS WITH MUSCULOSKELETAL SYMPTOMS OF LUPUS WITH BETTER RESPONSE TO THERAPY. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:In SLE, musculoskeletal manifestations impact on quality of life and trial outcomes. We previously showed that assessments based on joint swelling lack sensitivity, specificity and responsiveness compared to ultrasound (US).Objectives:To determine clinical features predicting US synovitis and whether patients with US synovitis respond better to therapyMethods:SLE patients were recruited if the referring physician deemed they had inflammatory pain warranting treatment. Swollen joints were not required. At baseline, physicians recorded features of inflammation, concurrent fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis. Stable doses of prednisolone (≤5mg/day), antimalarials or immunosuppressants were allowed. Participants received depomedrone 120mg IM then were assessed at 0, 2 and 6 weeks for 66/68 swollen and tender joint counts, BILAG-2004, SLEDAI-2K, physician global and MSK-VAS, inflammatory markers, patient pain and disease activity-VAS, HAQ-DI, LupusQoL, US of hands and wrists (blinded to patient and clinical assessor). An internal pilot determined the primary endpoint:(Early Morning stiffness-VAS (EMS-VAS) at 2 weeks (adjusted for baseline) between patients with US-synovitis (GS≥2 or PD≥1 in ≥1 joint) vs. normal US at baseline. 20% difference was considered clinically meaningful. Sensitivity analyses adjusted for prednisolone and immunosuppressants.Results:122/133 patients completed all visits. There was significant disagreement between clinical examination and US. 78/133 had US synovitis; 68% of these had ≥1 swollen joint. Of 66/133 patients with ≥ 1 swollen joint, 20% had normal US. US-synovitis was more likely with joint swelling, a symmetrical small joint distribution and active serology. Physician-determined EMS, other lupus features or prior response to therapy were not associated. Fibromyalgia or osteoarthritis did not reduce the probability of US synovitis.In the full analysis set (n=133) there was no difference in EMS VAS at 2 weeks according to US synovial status at baseline (difference -8mm, 95% CI -19, 4mm, p=0.178). 32 patients had fibromyalgia. After excluding them, we found a statistically and clinically significantly better clinical response to depomedrone in patients with US-synovitis at baseline (baseline-adjusted EMS VAS at 2 weeks -12mm, 95% CI -24, 0mm, p=0.049). This difference was greater in the treatment-adjusted sensitivity analysis (-12.8 (95% CI -22, -3mm), p=0.007) and the per-protocol-adjusted sensitivity analysis (-14.8mm (95% CI -20.8, -8.8mm), p<0.001). Patient with US synovitis had higher rates of improvement in the MSK BILAG-2004 (56% vs. 26%, p=0.09) and SLEDAI-2K (37% vs. 15%, p=0.03).Conclusion:In lupus arthritis, distribution and serology, but not other features, help identify US-synovitis. US-synovitis was independent of features of fibromyalgia, but fibromyalgia confounded assessment of clinical response. US should be used to select SLE arthritis patients for therapy and clinical trials, especially when there are inflammatory symptoms without swollen joints.Acknowledgments:The Project was funded by Lupus-UKDisclosure of Interests:Khaled Mahmoud: None declared, Ahmed Zayat: None declared, Md Yuzaiful Md Yusof: None declared, Katherine Dutton: None declared, Lee-Suan Teh: None declared, Chee-Seng Yee: None declared, David d’cruz Grant/research support from: GlaxoSmithKline, Nora Ng: None declared, David Isenberg Consultant of: Study Investigator and Consultant to Genentech, Coziana Ciurtin Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Consultant of: Roche, Modern Biosciences, Philip G Conaghan Consultant of: AbbVie, BMS, Eli Lilly, EMD Serono, Flexion Therapeutics, Galapagos, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Paul Emery Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer, Roche (all paid to employer), Consultant of: AbbVie (consultant, clinical trials, advisor), Bristol-Myers Squibb (consultant, clinical trials, advisor), Lilly (clinical trials, advisor), Merck Sharp & Dohme (consultant, clinical trials, advisor), Novartis (consultant, clinical trials, advisor), Pfizer (consultant, clinical trials, advisor), Roche (consultant, clinical trials, advisor), Samsung (clinical trials, advisor), Sandoz (clinical trials, advisor), UCB (consultant, clinical trials, advisor), Christopher Edwards Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Biogen, Roche, Consultant of: Abbvie, Samsung, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, BMS, Biogen, Celgene, Fresenius, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Mundipharma, Pfizer, MSD, Novartis, Roche, Samsung, Sanofi, UCB, Elizabeth Hensor: None declared, Edward Vital Grant/research support from: AstraZeneca, Roche/Genentech, and Sandoz, Consultant of: AstraZeneca, GSK, Roche/Genentech, and Sandoz, Speakers bureau: Becton Dickinson and GSK
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