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Zyla DS, Wiegand T, Bachmann P, Zdanowicz R, Giese C, Meier BH, Waksman G, Hospenthal MK, Glockshuber R. The assembly platform FimD is required to obtain the most stable quaternary structure of type 1 pili. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3032. [PMID: 38589417 PMCID: PMC11001860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 pili are important virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli that mediate bacterial attachment to epithelial cells in the urinary tract. The pilus rod is comprised of thousands of copies of the main structural subunit FimA and is assembled in vivo by the assembly platform FimD. Although type 1 pilus rods can self-assemble from FimA in vitro, this reaction is slower and produces structures with lower kinetic stability against denaturants compared to in vivo-assembled rods. Our study reveals that FimD-catalysed in vitro-assembled type 1 pilus rods attain a similar stability as pilus rods assembled in vivo. Employing structural, biophysical and biochemical analyses, we show that in vitro assembly reactions lacking FimD produce pilus rods with structural defects, reducing their stability against dissociation. Overall, our results indicate that FimD is not only required for the catalysis of pilus assembly, but also to control the assembly of the most stable quaternary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid S Zyla
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Cir, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Thomas Wiegand
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Paul Bachmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rafal Zdanowicz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Giese
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Beat H Meier
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Waksman
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Manuela K Hospenthal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
| | - Rudi Glockshuber
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Meinhold S, Zdanowicz R, Giese C, Glockshuber R. Dimerization of a 5-kDa domain defines the architecture of the 5-MDa gammaproteobacterial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadj6358. [PMID: 38324697 PMCID: PMC10849603 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj6358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) is a ~5 MDa assembly of the catalytic subunits pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The PDHc core is a cubic complex of eight E2 homotrimers. Homodimers of the peripheral subunits E1 and E3 associate with the core by binding to the peripheral subunit binding domain (PSBD) of E2. Previous reports indicated that 12 E1 dimers and 6 E3 dimers bind to the 24-meric E2 core. Using an assembly arrested E2 homotrimer (E23), we show that two of the three PSBDs in the E23 dimerize, that each PSBD dimer cooperatively binds two E1 dimers, and that E3 dimers only bind to the unpaired PSBD in E23. This mechanism is preserved in wild-type PDHc, with an E1 dimer:E2 monomer:E3 dimer stoichiometry of 16:24:8. The conserved PSBD dimer interface indicates that PSBD dimerization is the previously unrecognized architectural determinant of gammaproteobacterial PDHc megacomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christoph Giese
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Giese C, Puorger C, Ignatov O, Bečárová Z, Weber ME, Schärer MA, Capitani G, Glockshuber R. Stochastic chain termination in bacterial pilus assembly. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7718. [PMID: 38001074 PMCID: PMC10673952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesive type 1 pili from uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains are filamentous, supramolecular protein complexes consisting of a short tip fibrillum and a long, helical rod formed by up to several thousand copies of the major pilus subunit FimA. Here, we reconstituted the entire type 1 pilus rod assembly reaction in vitro, using all constituent protein subunits in the presence of the assembly platform FimD, and identified the so-far uncharacterized subunit FimI as an irreversible assembly terminator. We provide a complete, quantitative model of pilus rod assembly kinetics based on the measured rate constants of FimD-catalyzed subunit incorporation. The model reliably predicts the length distribution of assembled pilus rods as a function of the ratio between FimI and the main pilus subunit FimA and is fully consistent with the length distribution of membrane-anchored pili assembled in vivo. The results show that the natural length distribution of adhesive pili formed via the chaperone-usher pathway results from a stochastic chain termination reaction. In addition, we demonstrate that FimI contributes to anchoring the pilus to the outer membrane and report the crystal structures of (i) FimI in complex with the assembly chaperone FimC, (ii) the FimI-FimC complex bound to the N-terminal domain of FimD, and (iii) a ternary complex between FimI, FimA and FimC that provides structural insights on pilus assembly termination and pilus anchoring by FimI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Giese
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Chasper Puorger
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Oleksandr Ignatov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- V.I. Grishchenko Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Blahovishchenska st.25, 61052, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Zuzana Bečárová
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco E Weber
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin A Schärer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Guido Capitani
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Rudi Glockshuber
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Nouri S, Boudet J, Dreher-Teo H, Allain FHT, Glockshuber R, Salmon L, Giese C. Elongated Bacterial Pili as a Versatile Alignment Medium for NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305120. [PMID: 37248171 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In NMR spectroscopy, residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) have emerged as one of the most exquisite probes of biological structure and dynamics. The measurement of RDCs relies on the partial alignment of the molecule of interest, for example by using a liquid crystal as a solvent. Here, we establish bacterial type 1 pili as an alternative liquid-crystalline alignment medium for the measurement of RDCs. To achieve alignment at pilus concentrations that allow for efficient NMR sample preparation, we elongated wild-type pili by recombinant overproduction of the main structural pilus subunit. Building on the extraordinary stability of type 1 pili against spontaneous dissociation and unfolding, we show that the medium is compatible with challenging experimental conditions such as high temperature, the presence of detergents, organic solvents or very acidic pH, setting it apart from most established alignment media. Using human ubiquitin, HIV-1 TAR RNA and camphor as spectroscopic probes, we demonstrate the applicability of the medium for the determination of RDCs of proteins, nucleic acids and small molecules. Our results show that type 1 pili represent a very useful alternative to existing alignment media and may readily assist the characterization of molecular structure and dynamics by NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirine Nouri
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, CNRS, ENSL, UCBL, Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julien Boudet
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hiang Dreher-Teo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric H-T Allain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rudi Glockshuber
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Salmon
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, CNRS, ENSL, UCBL, Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Giese
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Taylor G, Cui H, Leodolter J, Giese C, Weber-Ban E. ClpC2 protects mycobacteria against a natural antibiotic targeting ClpC1-dependent protein degradation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:301. [PMID: 36944713 PMCID: PMC10030653 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clp proteases are targeted by several antitubercular compounds, including cyclomarin A (CymA). CymA exerts its toxicity by binding to AAA + chaperone ClpC1. Here, we show that CymA can also bind a partial homologue of ClpC1, known as ClpC2, and we reveal the molecular basis of these interactions by determining the structure of the M. tuberculosis ClpC2:CymA complex. Furthermore, we show deletion of clpC2 in Mycobacterium smegmatis increases sensitivity to CymA. We find CymA exposure leads to a considerable upregulation of ClpC2 via a mechanism in which binding of CymA to ClpC2 prevents binding of ClpC2 to its own promoter, resulting in upregulation of its own transcription in response to CymA. Our study reveals that ClpC2 not only senses CymA, but that through this interaction it can act as a molecular sponge to counteract the toxic effects of CymA and possibly other toxins targeting essential protease component ClpC1 in mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Taylor
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hengjun Cui
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Leodolter
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Giese
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eilika Weber-Ban
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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6
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Giese C, Zahn J. Dynamics of spherical charged dust shells in de Sitter space. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.064005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mathew C, Weiß RG, Giese C, Lin CW, Losfeld ME, Glockshuber R, Riniker S, Aebi M. Glycan-protein interactions determine kinetics of N-glycan remodeling. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:917-931. [PMID: 34212152 PMCID: PMC8207518 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00019e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of N-linked glycosylation in the secretory compartments of eukaryotic cells is the sequential remodeling of an initially uniform oligosaccharide to a site-specific, heterogeneous ensemble of glycostructures on mature proteins. To understand site-specific processing, we used protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a model protein with five glycosylation sites, for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and compared the result to a biochemical in vitro analysis with four different glycan processing enzymes. As predicted by an analysis of the accessibility of the N-glycans for their processing enzymes derived from the MD simulations, N-glycans at different glycosylation sites showed different kinetic properties for the processing enzymes. In addition, altering the tertiary structure of the glycoprotein PDI affected its N-glycan remodeling in a site-specific way. We propose that the observed differential N-glycan reactivities depend on the surrounding protein tertiary structure and lead to different glycan structures in the same protein through kinetically controlled processing pathways. Atomistic glycoprotein simulations reveal a site-specific availability of glycan substrates in time-resolved mass spectrometry of maturating enzyme kinetics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Mathew
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - R Gregor Weiß
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christoph Giese
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland .,Functional Genomics Center Zürich 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Marie-Estelle Losfeld
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Rudi Glockshuber
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Sereina Riniker
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Markus Aebi
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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8
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Rolland C, Giese C, Monate B, Travert A, Lazarus C. Détection précoce des potentielles urgences de santé publique internationales issues de source informelle de la veille sanitaire (ProMED-mail) à travers « les maladies non diagnostiquées ». Med Mal Infect 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.04.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Kraus T, Lubitz A, Schließer U, Giese C, Reuschel J, Brecht R, Engert J, Winter G. Evaluation of a 3D Human Artificial Lymph Node as Test Model for the Assessment of Immunogenicity of Protein Aggregates. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2358-2366. [PMID: 30797781 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The immunogenicity of protein aggregates has been investigated in numerous studies. Nevertheless, it is still unknown which kind of protein aggregates enhance immunogenicity the most. The ability of the currently used in vitro and in vivo systems regarding their predictability of immunogenicity in humans is often questionable, and results are partially contradictive. In this study, we used a 2D in vitro assay and a complex 3D human artificial lymph node model to predict the immunogenicity of protein aggregates of bevacizumab and adalimumab. The monoclonal antibodies were exposed to different stress conditions such as light, heat, and mechanical stress to trigger the formation of protein aggregates and particles, and samples were analyzed thoroughly. Cells and culture supernatants were harvested and analyzed for dendritic cell marker and cytokines. Our study in the artificial lymph node model revealed that bevacizumab after exposure to heat triggered a TH1- and proinflammatory immune response, whereas no trend of immune responses was seen for adalimumab after exposure to different stress conditions. The human artificial lymph node model represents a new test model for testing the immunogenicity of protein aggregates combining the relevance of a 3D human system with the rather easy handling of an in vitro setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kraus
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr.5, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Annika Lubitz
- ProBioGen AG, Department Cell and Tissue Services, Goethestraße 54, D-13086 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schließer
- ProBioGen AG, Department Cell and Tissue Services, Goethestraße 54, D-13086 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Giese
- ProBioGen AG, Department Cell and Tissue Services, Goethestraße 54, D-13086 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Reuschel
- ProBioGen AG, Department Cell and Tissue Services, Goethestraße 54, D-13086 Berlin, Germany
| | - René Brecht
- ProBioGen AG, Department Cell and Tissue Services, Goethestraße 54, D-13086 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Engert
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr.5, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr.5, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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10
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Etheart M, Pierre K, Jean-Charles N, Destine A, Andrecy L, Barthelemy N, Greiner A, Giese C, Juin S, Hulland E, Knipes A, Adrien P, Fitter D, Lafontant D. A multidisciplinary joint-team efforts deployed for a cholera outbreak response post-hurricane Matthew in southern Haiti, October 2016. Int J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.4037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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11
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Ziemski M, Jomaa A, Mayer D, Rutz S, Giese C, Veprintsev D, Weber-Ban E. Cdc48-like protein of actinobacteria (Cpa) is a novel proteasome interactor in mycobacteria and related organisms. eLife 2018; 7:34055. [PMID: 29809155 PMCID: PMC6017811 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cdc48 is a AAA+ ATPase that plays an essential role for many cellular processes in eukaryotic cells. An archaeal homologue of this highly conserved enzyme was shown to directly interact with the 20S proteasome. Here, we analyze the occurrence and phylogeny of a Cdc48 homologue in Actinobacteria and assess its cellular function and possible interaction with the bacterial proteasome. Our data demonstrate that Cdc48-like protein of actinobacteria (Cpa) forms hexameric rings and that the oligomeric state correlates directly with the ATPase activity. Furthermore, we show that the assembled Cpa rings can physically interact with the 20S core particle. Comparison of the Mycobacterium smegmatis wild-type with a cpa knockout strain under carbon starvation uncovers significant changes in the levels of around 500 proteins. Pathway mapping of the observed pattern of changes identifies ribosomal proteins as a particular hotspot, pointing amongst others toward a role of Cpa in ribosome adaptation during starvation. Cells use proteins to carry out the biological processes necessary for life. If a protein becomes damaged or is no longer needed, cells must dispose of it, just as we might take out the trash. The cell’s main ‘garbage disposal unit’ is the proteasome, a barrel-shaped molecular machine that breaks down unwanted proteins. The proteasome binds to other molecules called regulators, which select the proteins to be dismantled. The proteasomes of mycobacteria – a group that includes the bacteria that cause tuberculosis – help them to survive hostile or rapidly changing environments. Mycobacteria contain a molecule called Cpa whose structure is like a regulator that is found in many non-bacterial cells. Ziemski et al. therefore set out to investigate whether Cpa performs a similar role in bacteria. The results of biochemical experiments performed in test tubes revealed that Cpa forms rings made up of six copies of itself. These rings can bind to proteasomes. Ziemski et al. also created genetically modified mycobacteria that could not produce Cpa and studied how they coped with starvation. These modified bacteria stopped growing sooner than their similarly starved genetically normal counterparts. The two groups of bacteria also produced different amounts of some proteins. Ziemski et al. used a technique that pulled Cpa out of the starving genetically normal cells to analyse the proteins that Cpa physically interacts with. These proteins included building blocks of the ribosome, the cellular machinery that produces new proteins. It therefore appears that Cpa helps mycobacteria to cope with starvation by reducing the amount of protein made by the cell. Cpa may also help mycobacteria to survive in other stressful conditions, such as those that the bacteria experience when they infect the human body. Developing drugs that prevent Cpa from working could therefore potentially lead to new treatments for a number of diseases caused by mycobacteria, such as tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Ziemski
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ahmad Jomaa
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Mayer
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, ETH Zurich, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Rutz
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Giese
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Veprintsev
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, ETH Zurich, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Eilika Weber-Ban
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Dunford L, Waters A, Neary M, Dean J, Giese C, Igoe D, Hurley C, O’Donnell K, Fitzgerald M, De Gascun C. A24 Role of phylogenetic analysis in epidemiological case definitions during an outbreak of HIV-1 in people who inject drugs in Ireland. Virus Evol 2018. [PMCID: PMC5905498 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vey010.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Dunford
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Waters
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Neary
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Dean
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Giese
- HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Igoe
- HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Hurley
- Department of Public Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K O’Donnell
- HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - C De Gascun
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Fettelschoss-Gabriel A, Fettelschoss V, Thoms F, Giese C, Daniel M, Olomski F, Kamarachev J, Birkmann K, Bühler M, Kummer M, Zeltins A, Marti E, Kündig TM, Bachmann MF. Treating insect-bite hypersensitivity in horses with active vaccination against IL-5. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1194-1205.e3. [PMID: 29627082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect-bite hypersensitivity is the most common allergic dermatitis in horses. Excoriated skin lesions are typical symptoms of this seasonal and refractory chronic disease. On a cellular level, the skin lesions are characterized by massive eosinophil infiltration caused by an underlying allergic response. OBJECTIVE To target these cells and treat disease, we developed a therapeutic vaccine against equine IL-5 (eIL-5), the master regulator of eosinophils. METHODS The vaccine consisted of eIL-5 covalently linked to a virus-like particle derived from cucumber mosaic virus containing the tetanus toxoid universal T-cell epitope tt830-843 (CMVTT). Thirty-four Icelandic horses were recruited and immunized with 400 μg of eIL-5-CMVTT formulated in PBS without adjuvant (19 horses) or PBS alone (15 horses). RESULTS The vaccine was well tolerated and did not reveal any safety concerns but was able to induce anti-eIL-5 autoantibody titers in 17 of 19 horses. This resulted in a statistically significant reduction in clinical lesion scores when compared with previous season levels, as well as levels in placebo-treated horses. Protection required a minimal threshold of anti-eIL-5 antibodies. Clinical improvement by disease scoring showed that 47% and 21% of vaccinated horses reached 50% and 75% improvement, respectively. In the placebo group no horse reached 75% improvement, and only 13% reached 50% improvement. CONCLUSION Our therapeutic vaccine inducing autoantibodies against self IL-5 brings biologics to horses, is the first successful immunotherapeutic approach targeting a chronic disease in horses, and might facilitate development of a similar vaccine against IL-5 in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Fettelschoss-Gabriel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Evax AG, Münchwilen, Switzerland.
| | - Victoria Fettelschoss
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Evax AG, Münchwilen, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Thoms
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Giese
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Daniel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Florian Olomski
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jivko Kamarachev
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Andris Zeltins
- Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Eliane Marti
- Department for Clinical Research VPH, Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Bern, Clinical Immunology Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- RIA Immunology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Seifert M, Lubitz A, Trommer J, Könnig D, Korus G, Marx U, Volk HD, Duda G, Kasper G, Lehmann K, Stolk M, Giese C. Crosstalk between Immune Cells and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in a 3D Bioreactor System. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139881203501104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Seifert
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Medical University Berlin, Berlin - Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin - Germany
| | | | - Jeanne Trommer
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin - Germany
| | - Darja Könnig
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Medical University Berlin, Berlin - Germany
| | - Gabriela Korus
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin - Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Medical University Berlin, Berlin - Germany
| | - Uwe Marx
- Technical University Berlin, Berlin - Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Medical University Berlin, Berlin - Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin - Germany
| | - Georg Duda
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin - Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Medical University Berlin, Berlin - Germany
| | - Grit Kasper
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin - Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Medical University Berlin, Berlin - Germany
| | - Kerstin Lehmann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin - Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Medical University Berlin, Berlin - Germany
- Intendis GmbH, Berlin - Germany
| | - Meaghan Stolk
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin - Germany
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15
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Radke L, Sandig G, Lubitz A, Schließer U, von Horsten HH, Blanchard V, Keil K, Sandig V, Giese C, Hummel M, Hinderlich S, Frohme M. In Vitro Evaluation of Glycoengineered RSV-F in the Human Artificial Lymph Node Reactor. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4030070. [PMID: 28952549 PMCID: PMC5615316 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Subunit vaccines often require adjuvants to elicit sustained immune activity. Here, a method is described to evaluate the efficacy of single vaccine candidates in the preclinical stage based on cytokine and gene expression analysis. As a model, the recombinant human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein (RSV-F) was produced in CHO cells. For comparison, wild-type and glycoengineered, afucosylated RSV-F were established. Both glycoprotein vaccines were tested in a commercial Human Artificial Lymph Node in vitro model (HuALN®). The analysis of six key cytokines in cell culture supernatants showed well-balanced immune responses for the afucosylated RSV-F, while immune response of wild-type RSV-F was more Th1 accentuated. In particular, stronger and specific secretion of interleukin-4 after each round of re-stimulation underlined higher potency and efficacy of the afucosylated vaccine candidate. Comprehensive gene expression analysis by nCounter gene expression assay confirmed the stronger onset of the immunologic reaction in stimulation experiments with the afucosylated vaccine in comparison to wild-type RSV-F and particularly revealed prominent activation of Th17 related genes, innate immunity, and comprehensive activation of humoral immunity. We, therefore, show that our method is suited to distinguish the potency of two vaccine candidates with minor structural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Radke
- Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, Wildau 15745, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, Charitè-University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Grit Sandig
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Life Sciences and Technology, Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Seestraße 64, Berlin 13347, Germany.
| | - Annika Lubitz
- ProBioGen AG, Goethestraße 54, Berlin 13086, Germany.
| | | | - Hans Henning von Horsten
- Department of Life Science Engineering, HTW Berlin University of Applied Sciences, Wilhelminenhofstraße 75a, Berlin 12459, Germany.
| | - Veronique Blanchard
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité Medical University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Karolin Keil
- Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, Wildau 15745, Germany.
| | - Volker Sandig
- ProBioGen AG, Goethestraße 54, Berlin 13086, Germany.
| | | | - Michael Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Charitè-University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Stephan Hinderlich
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Life Sciences and Technology, Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Seestraße 64, Berlin 13347, Germany.
| | - Marcus Frohme
- Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, Wildau 15745, Germany.
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16
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Sandig G, von Horsten HH, Radke L, Blanchard V, Frohme M, Giese C, Sandig V, Hinderlich S. Engineering of CHO Cells for the Production of Recombinant Glycoprotein Vaccines with Xylosylated N-glycans. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4020038. [PMID: 28952517 PMCID: PMC5590453 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylose is a general component of O-glycans in mammals. Core-xylosylation of N-glycans is only found in plants and helminth. Consequently, xylosylated N-glycans cause immunological response in humans. We have used the F-protein of the human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), one of the main causes of respiratory tract infection in infants and elderly, as a model protein for vaccination. The RSV-F protein was expressed in CHO-DG44 cells, which were further modified by co-expression of β1,2-xylosyltransferase from Nicotiana tabacum. Xylosylation of RSV-F N-glycans was shown by monosaccharide analysis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. In immunogenic studies with a human artificial lymph node model, the engineered RSV-F protein revealed improved vaccination efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Sandig
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Life Sciences and Technology, Beuth University of Applied Sciences Berlin, Seestrasse 64, 13347 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hans Henning von Horsten
- Department of Life Science Engineering, HTW Berlin University of Applied Sciences, Wilhelminenhofstraße 75a, 12459 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lars Radke
- Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
| | - Véronique Blanchard
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité Medical University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marcus Frohme
- Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
| | | | - Volker Sandig
- ProBioGen AG, Goethestrasse 54, 13086 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stephan Hinderlich
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Life Sciences and Technology, Beuth University of Applied Sciences Berlin, Seestrasse 64, 13347 Berlin, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christoph Giese
- Department CATS, ProBioGen AG, Berlin, Germany
- Department QC, ProBioGen AG, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Giese C, Eras J, Kern A, Schärer MA, Capitani G, Glockshuber R. Accelerating the Association of the Most Stable Protein-Ligand Complex by More than Two Orders of Magnitude. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9350-5. [PMID: 27351462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The complex between the bacterial type 1 pilus subunit FimG and the peptide corresponding to the N-terminal extension (termed donor strand, Ds) of the partner subunit FimF (DsF) shows the strongest reported noncovalent molecular interaction, with a dissociation constant (KD ) of 1.5×10(-20) m. However, the complex only exhibits a slow association rate of 330 m(-1) s(-1) that limits technical applications, such as its use in affinity purification. Herein, a structure-based approach was used to design pairs of FimGt (a FimG variant lacking its own N-terminal extension) and DsF variants with enhanced electrostatic surface complementarity. Association of the best mutant FimGt/DsF pairs was accelerated by more than two orders of magnitude, while the dissociation rates and 3D structures of the improved complexes remained essentially unperturbed. A KD value of 8.8×10(-22) m was obtained for the best mutant complex, which is the lowest value reported to date for a protein/ligand complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Giese
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Eras
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Kern
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin A Schärer
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Guido Capitani
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Rudi Glockshuber
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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19
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Giese C, Eras J, Kern A, Schärer MA, Capitani G, Glockshuber R. Accelerating the Association of the Most Stable Protein–Ligand Complex by More than Two Orders of Magnitude. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Giese
- Department of BiologyETH Zurich Otto-Stern-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Eras
- Department of BiologyETH Zurich Otto-Stern-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Anne Kern
- Department of BiologyETH Zurich Otto-Stern-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Martin A. Schärer
- Laboratory of Biomolecular ResearchPaul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen-PSI Switzerland
| | - Guido Capitani
- Laboratory of Biomolecular ResearchPaul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen-PSI Switzerland
| | - Rudi Glockshuber
- Department of BiologyETH Zurich Otto-Stern-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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20
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Marx U, Andersson TB, Bahinski A, Beilmann M, Beken S, Cassee FR, Cirit M, Daneshian M, Fitzpatrick S, Frey O, Gaertner C, Giese C, Griffith L, Hartung T, Heringa MB, Hoeng J, de Jong WH, Kojima H, Kuehnl J, Luch A, Maschmeyer I, Sakharov D, Sips AJAM, Steger-Hartmann T, Tagle DA, Tonevitsky A, Tralau T, Tsyb S, van de Stolpe A, Vandebriel R, Vulto P, Wang J, Wiest J, Rodenburg M, Roth A. Biology-inspired microphysiological system approaches to solve the prediction dilemma of substance testing. ALTEX 2016; 33:272-321. [PMID: 27180100 PMCID: PMC5396467 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1603161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent advent of microphysiological systems - microfluidic biomimetic devices that aspire to emulate the biology of human tissues, organs and circulation in vitro - is envisaged to enable a global paradigm shift in drug development. An extraordinary US governmental initiative and various dedicated research programs in Europe and Asia have led recently to the first cutting-edge achievements of human single-organ and multi-organ engineering based on microphysiological systems. The expectation is that test systems established on this basis would model various disease stages, and predict toxicity, immunogenicity, ADME profiles and treatment efficacy prior to clinical testing. Consequently, this technology could significantly affect the way drug substances are developed in the future. Furthermore, microphysiological system-based assays may revolutionize our current global programs of prioritization of hazard characterization for any new substances to be used, for example, in agriculture, food, ecosystems or cosmetics, thus, replacing laboratory animal models used currently. Thirty-six experts from academia, industry and regulatory bodies present here the results of an intensive workshop (held in June 2015, Berlin, Germany). They review the status quo of microphysiological systems available today against industry needs, and assess the broad variety of approaches with fit-for-purpose potential in the drug development cycle. Feasible technical solutions to reach the next levels of human biology in vitro are proposed. Furthermore, key organ-on-a-chip case studies, as well as various national and international programs are highlighted. Finally, a roadmap into the future is outlined, to allow for more predictive and regulatory-accepted substance testing on a global scale.
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21
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Harenberg J, Giese C, Du S, Weiss C. C0507: Heptest-Stat Coagulation Assay Determines Specifically Rivaroxaban, Apixaban and Dabigatran from Plasma Samples on Treatment. Thromb Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(14)50110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
It has been widely recognised that the phylogenetic distance between laboratory animals and humans limits the former's predictive value for immunogenicity testing of biopharmaceuticals and nanostructure-based drug delivery and adjuvant systems. 2D in vitro assays have been established in conventional culture plates with little success so far. Here, we detail the status of various 3D approaches to emulate innate immunity in non-lymphoid organs and adaptive immune response in human professional lymphoid immune organs in vitro. We stress the tight relationship between the necessarily changing architecture of professional lymphoid organs at rest and when activated by pathogens, and match it with the immunity identified in vitro. Recommendations for further improvements of lymphoid tissue architecture relevant to the development of a sustainable adaptive immune response in vitro are summarized. In the end, we sketch a forecast of translational innovations in the field to model systemic innate and adaptive immunity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uwe Marx
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Department Medical Biotechnology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Giese C, Gerber V, Howald M, Bachmann I, Burger D. Stressbelastung und Verhalten von Pferden in stromführenden gegenüber nicht stromführenden Führanlagen. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2014; 156:163-9. [DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Radke L, Giese C, Lubitz A, Hinderlich S, Sandig G, Hummel M, Frohme M. Reference gene stability in peripheral blood mononuclear cells determined by qPCR and NanoString. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Schöni R, Walenga J, Samama M, Harenberg J, Drenth A, le Courvoisier-Flaujac C, Giese C, Rudin K, Bühler B, Wilmer M. EVALUATION OF A NEW FUNCTIONAL CLOTTING ASSAY FOR THE MONITORING OF HEPARIN AND HEPARINOID ANTICOAGULANTS BASED ON THROMBIN AND/OR FACTOR XA INHIBITION WITH CLINICAL PATIENT PLASMAS AT THREE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTERS. J Thromb Haemost 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.tb02429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Nathues C, Estermann A, Fuschini E, Giese C, Zimmermann W, Huber H, Prohaska S, Schüpbach-Regula G. [Epidemiologic study of an outbreak of progressive rhinitis atrophicans in a breeding sow facility in Lucerne canton]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2013; 155:681-3. [PMID: 24297843 DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Nathues
- Veterinary Public Health Institut, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Bern
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27
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Giese C, Mullins T, Grüner B, Weidemüller M, Stienkemeier F, Mudrich M. Formation and relaxation of RbHe exciplexes on He nanodroplets studied by femtosecond pump and picosecond probe spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:244307. [PMID: 23277936 DOI: 10.1063/1.4772749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Giese
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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28
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Barboza P, Vaillant L, Gastellu-Etchegorry M, Gauthier V, Giese C, Astagneau P. Mondialisation des risques sanitaires et intelligence épidémiologique en France. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2012.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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29
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Giese C, Zosel F, Puorger C, Glockshuber R. Innenrücktitelbild: Der stabilste Protein-Liganden-Komplex: Anwendung für die Einschritt-Affinitätsreinigung und Identifizierung von Proteinkomplexen (Angew. Chem. 18/2012). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Giese C, Zosel F, Puorger C, Glockshuber R. Inside Back Cover: The Most Stable Protein-Ligand Complex: Applications for One-Step Affinity Purification and Identification of Protein Assemblies (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 18/2012). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Giese C, Zosel F, Puorger C, Glockshuber R. The Most Stable Protein-Ligand Complex: Applications for One-Step Affinity Purification and Identification of Protein Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4474-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Giese C, Zosel F, Puorger C, Glockshuber R. Der stabilste Protein-Liganden-Komplex: Anwendung für die Einschritt-Affinitätsreinigung und Identifizierung von Proteinkomplexen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Radke L, López Hemmerling DA, Lubitz A, Giese C, Frohme M. Induced cytokine response of human PMBC-cultures: correlation of gene expression and secretion profiling and the effect of cryopreservation. Cell Immunol 2011; 272:144-53. [PMID: 22082568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is regulated by the complex interaction of multiple cytokines, which are secreted signaling molecules affecting other cells. In this work, we studied the cytokine response to several well-known stimulants, such as OKT-3, Con A, PWM, and SEB. Healthy donor cells (PBMCs) were cultivated for up to 72 h and the mRNA levels and cytokine release of four key cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) were analyzed by RT-PCR and bead-based multiplex analyses. The generated cytokine profiles showed characteristic expression patterns and secretion kinetics for each cytokine and substance. PWM/SEB and OKT-3 led to a very fast and long-lasting immune response, whereas Con A induced the slowest cytokine production. Cytokine concentrations also differed greatly. The highest IFN-γ concentration was 1000 times higher than the respective IL-4 concentration. Gene expression and cytokine concentration profiles were strongly correlated during the time course. The chronological response of the donors' cytokine profiles coincided, but showed individual characteristics regarding the strength of the cytokine release. The comparison of stimulation experiments using freshly isolated and cryopreserved PBMCs showed that, for the observation of an immunological response at early points in time, gene expression experiments are more reliable than the measurement of cytokines in the cell culture supernatant. However, the freezing of cells influences the response significantly. The measurement of secreted proteins is the superior method at later points in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Radke
- Technische Hochschule Wildau (FH), Bahnhofstr. 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
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34
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von Horsten HH, Ogorek C, Blanchard V, Demmler C, Giese C, Winkler K, Kaup M, Berger M, Jordan I, Sandig V. Production of non-fucosylated antibodies by co-expression of heterologous GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase. Glycobiology 2010; 20:1607-18. [PMID: 20639190 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
All IgG-type antibodies are N-glycosylated in their Fc part at Asn-297. Typically, a fucose residue is attached to the first N-acetylglucosamine of these complex-type N-glycans. Antibodies lacking core fucosylation show a significantly enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and an increased efficacy of anti-tumor activity. In cases where the clinical efficacy of an antibody is to some extent mediated by its ADCC effector function, afucosylated N-glycans could help to reduce dose requirement and save manufacturing costs. Using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as a model, we demonstrate here that heterologous expression of the prokaryotic enzyme GDP-6-deoxy-d-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase within the cytosol can efficiently deflect the fucose de novo pathway. Antibody-producing CHO cells that were modified in this way secrete antibodies lacking core fucose as demonstrated by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and HPAEC-PAD monosaccharide analysis. Engineering of the fucose de novo pathway has led to the construction of IgGs with a strongly enhanced ADCC effector function. The method described here should have broad practical applicability for the development of next-generation therapeutic antibodies.
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35
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Schempp H, Günter G, Hofmann CS, Giese C, Saliba SD, Depaola BD, Amthor T, Weidemüller M, Sevinçli S, Pohl T. Coherent population trapping with controlled interparticle interactions. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:173602. [PMID: 20482108 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.173602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigate coherent population trapping in a strongly interacting ultracold Rydberg gas. Despite the strong van der Waals interactions and interparticle correlations, we observe the persistence of a resonance with subnatural linewidth at the single-particle resonance frequency as we tune the interaction strength. This narrow resonance cannot be understood within a mean-field description of the strong Rydberg-Rydberg interactions. Instead, a many-body density matrix approach, accounting for the dynamics of interparticle correlations, is shown to reproduce the observed spectral features.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schempp
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Giese C, Lubitz A, Demmler CD, Reuschel J, Bergner K, Marx U. Immunological substance testing on human lymphatic micro-organoids in vitro. J Biotechnol 2010; 148:38-45. [PMID: 20416346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical drugs and compounds used for consumer products may bear the risk of unexpected immuno-toxicological side effects, such as sensitization, allergy, anaphylaxis or immunogenicity. Modern biopharmaceuticals with high potency and target specificity, like antibodies and cytokines need to be tested for their therapeutical doses, their exposition regimens and their immune functionality prior to first-in-man applications. For the latter, existing in vitro tests and animal models do not sufficiently reflect the complexity and specificity of the human immune system. Even novel humanised animal models have limitations in their systemic reactions. Monolayer or suspended cell culture possesses neither tissue functionality nor organ physiology, and also cannot be used for long term culture and experiments. In contrast, solid tissue biopsies, e.g. tonsil preparations of tonsillitis patients typically show inflammatory artefacts and degrade in long term culture due to preparation-induced damage. The construction of tissue-like structures in vitro, so-called "micro-organoids", can overcome these limitations. Key structures of secondary lymphatic organs, e.g. lymph nodes or the spleen are the primary lymphatic follicles and germinal centres, in particular during the "activated state" of an inflammation or infection. To remodel lymphatic follicles, functional and structural cells, e.g. lymphoid cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and stromal cells need to be combined with biogenic or artificial matrices and scaffolds to produce a suitable 3D tissue-mimicking environment. Therefore, a unique human lymph node model (HuALN) was designed to operate over several weeks, and allow long term and repeated drug exposure to induce and monitor both cellular and humoral immune responses. Cellular immunity is monitored, for example, by cytokine release patterns; humoral immunity is analysed, for example, by B cell activation, plasma cell formation and antibody secretion profiles (IgM and IgG). Moreover, cellular composition and micro-organoid formation are analysed by flow cytometry, histology and in situ imaging.
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Marx U, Demmler C, Lubitz A, Giese C. Design, prototyping and operation of disposable bioreactor systems for stem cell cultivation and tissue formation. J Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Giese C, Lepthien S, Metzner L, Brandsch M, Budisa N, Lilie H. Cover Picture: Intracellular uptake and inhibitory activity of aromatic fluorinated amino acids in human breast cancer cells (ChemMedChem 9/2008). ChemMedChem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200890034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Giese C, Lepthien S, Metzner L, Brandsch M, Budisa N, Lilie H. Intracellular uptake and inhibitory activity of aromatic fluorinated amino acids in human breast cancer cells. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:1449-56. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zimmermann H, Wählisch F, Baier C, Westhoff M, Reuss R, Zimmermann D, Behringer M, Ehrhart F, Katsen-Globa A, Giese C, Marx U, Sukhorukov VL, Vásquez JA, Jakob P, Shirley SG, Zimmermann U. Physical and biological properties of barium cross-linked alginate membranes. Biomaterials 2006; 28:1327-45. [PMID: 17166581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe the manufacture of highly stable and elastic alginate membranes with good cell adhesivity and adjustable permeability. Clinical grade, ultra-high viscosity alginate is gelled by diffusion of Ba2+ followed by use of the "crystal gun" [Zimmermann H. et al., Fabrication of homogeneously cross-linked, functional alginate microcapsules validated by NMR-, CLSM- and AFM-imaging. Biomaterials 2003;24:2083-96]. Burst pressure of well-hydrated membranes is between 34 and 325kPa depending on manufacture and storage details. Water flows induced by sorbitol and raffinose (probably diffusional) are lower than those caused by PEG 6000, which may be related to a Hagen-Poiseuille flow. Hydraulic conductivity, L(p), from PEG-induced flows ranges between 2.4x10(-12) and 6.5x10(-12) m Pa(-1)s(-1). Hydraulic conductivity measured with hydrostatic pressure up to 6 kPa is 2-3 orders of magnitude higher and decreases with increasing pressure to about 3x10(-10) m Pa(-1)s(-1) at 4kPa. Mechanical introduction of 200 microm-diameter pores increases hydraulic conductivity dramatically without loss of mechanical stability or flexibility. NMR imaging with Cu2+ as contrast agent shows a layered structure in membranes cross-linked for 2h. Phase contrast and atomic force microscopy in liquid environment reveals surface protrusions and cavities correlating with steps of the production process. Murine L929 cells adhere strongly to the rough surface of crystal-bombarded membranes. NaCl-mediated membrane swelling can be prevented by partial replacement of salt with sorbitol allowing cell culture on the membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Zimmermann
- Abteilung Kryobiophysik & Kryotechnologie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, D-66386 St. Ingbert, Germany
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Abstract
Extracorporeal human lymphatic organs are expected to be excellent tools in the study of human molecular and cellular bases of the immunologic balance and tissue harmony. A rational approach and process to design a device and a procedure to recreate the human lymph node environment in vitro is described with emphasis on T-cell activation. Based on this approach, a bioreactor and a process supporting self-assembly of human lymphatic tissues due to proper emulation of human architecture and homeostasis could be developed.
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Fenyvesi T, Trager I, Giese C, Jorg I, Harenberg J. Impact of direct thrombin inhibitors on actions of vitamin K antagonists on analysis with different coagulation parameters: aPTT and PT for argatroban, hirudin and melagatran. J Thromb Haemost 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2003.tb05500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fenyvesi T, Harenberg J, Trager I, Giese C, Jorg I. Anti-coagulant effects of direct thrombin inhibitors: compared for potential use in clinical practice. J Thromb Haemost 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2003.tb05522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kaiser P, Harenberg J, Walenga JM, Huhle G, Giese C, Prechel M, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J. Effects of a heparin-binding protein on blood coagulation and platelet function. Semin Thromb Hemost 2001; 27:495-502. [PMID: 11668419 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-17960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the heparin-binding properties of a protein secreted by mouse myeloma cells. The characterization was performed using clinical assays, such as heparin activity assays and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) platelet activation assays. The tests were performed in the presence of heparin, low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH), or heparinoids and either heparin-binding protein (HBP) or saline to determine whether the HBP affects the activity of heparins. The characterization of the HBP using heparin activity assays showed that the HBP shortened the prolonged clotting times of the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and thrombin clotting time induced by high concentrations of unfractionated heparin. The chromogenic assays for antithrombin (AT), thrombin inhibition, and factor Xa inhibition demonstrated that this effect is related to heparin concentrations below 0.5 IU/ml. The Heptest assay did not detect these differences. The HBP did not modify the anticoagulant effect of any LMWH or low- or high-sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the aPTT assay. Activation of donor platelets in the presence of unfractionated heparin, platelet factor 4 (PF4), and HIT-serum was not counteracted by the HBP in any of the assays. The characterization of the HBP using a PF4-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed the lack of structural identity with PF4. However, the optical density data indicated that the protein structure may be similar to PF4 by binding to a PF4 antibody. These data suggest that the HBP isolated from mouse myeloma cells has a low affinity to heparin and interacts with the secondary binding site to AT and also perhaps to PF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kaiser
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Mannheim, Germany
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Giese C, Sernetz M, Hoffmann B. Cell Culture of Bovine Luteal Cells in a Continuous Bioreactor. Reprod Domest Anim 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0531.2000.d01-18.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Giese C. Cell Culture of Bovine Luteal Cells in a Continuous Bioreactor. Reprod Domest Anim 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0531.2000.00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Harenberg J, Koch S, Giese C, Wang LC, Hoffmann U, Huhle G. Quantitation of serotonin from platelets using enzyme-immunoassay in the presence of serum from HIT-patients. Thromb Haemost 2000; 83:795-6. [PMID: 10823286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Harenberg J, Huhle G, Giese C, Wang LC, Feuring M, Song XH, Hoffmann U. Determination of serotonin release from platelets by enzyme immunoassay in the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2000; 109:182-6. [PMID: 10848798 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
[14C]-Serotonin release assay (14C-SRA) from platelets is considered to be the most sensitive test for laboratory confirmation of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). This study compared 14C-SRA with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to determine the release of serotonin from platelets in the presence of heparin and serum from HIT patients. The normal range (median, 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles) of serotonin release from platelets in healthy subjects (n = 149) is 38 ng/ml (19 and 62) measured by EIA-SRA. Serum from HIT patients (n = 42) released 2548 ng/ml (244 and 7987) serotonin in the presence of 0.1 IU/ml heparin and 29 ng/ml (13 and 76) in the presence of 100 IU/ml heparin. One hundred per cent and 15% of HIT samples exhibited an elevated serotonin release from platelets in the presence of 0.1 IU/ml low molecular weight (LMW) heparin, 2100 ng/ml (869 and 5968), or danaparoid, 272 ng/ml (143 and 403), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the EIA-SRA was 100% and 97.4% and of the 14C-SRA 100% and 92.9% in HIT patients. No false-positive results were found in patients receiving heparin (n = 28), in patients with elevated levels of bilirubin (n = 5), in patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (n = 10) or in non-HIT patients (n = 78) with both assays. The EIA technique to quantify serotonin release from platelets provides a reliable non-radioactive method to diagnose heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and to assess in vitro crossreactivity of low molecular weight heparins and heparinoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harenberg
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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Giese C, Calabrò S. [Guide dogs for the blind: aspects of a special human-animal relationship in history and the present time]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2000; 142:17-26. [PMID: 10676135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Giese
- Institut für Geschichte der Medizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
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Harenberg J, Huhle G, Piazolo L, Giese C, Heene DL. Long-term anticoagulation of outpatients with adverse events to oral anticoagulants using low-molecular-weight heparin. Semin Thromb Hemost 1997; 23:167-72. [PMID: 9200342 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-996086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bleeding complications are one of the major risks during oral anticoagulation. If further anticoagulation is indicated, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) may offer an alternative treatment in those patients. In a prospective, nonrandomized study, 120 patients have been switched from oral anticoagulants to LMWH because of bleeding complications or other severe side effects during treatment with vitamin K antagonists. Indication for further anticoagulation was prophylaxis of recurrent thromboembolism, artificial heart valve replacement, atrial fibrillation with embolism and cardiomyopathy. The treatment period ranged from 2 months to 10.8 years. No fatal embolism occurred. One major but not severe episode of gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in a patient with an as yet unknown colon carcinoma. The cumulative treatment period amounts to 250 years. No drop in platelet count occurred in any patient. No other side effects were observed. LMWH was injected subcutaneously at doses ranging from 2500 to 15,000 anti-factor Xa units per day by the patient himself. The dose was adjusted on the basis of body weight, bleeding risk and thromboembolic risk. The results indicate that LMWH may be effectively and safely used as alternative anticoagulant regimen in patients with side effects or other complications on oral anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harenberg
- 1st Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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