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Frauenfelder C, Maughan E, Kenth J, Nandi R, Jones S, Walker R, Walsh B, Muthialu N, Bruce I, Hewitt R, Butler C. Tracheal Resection for Critical Airway Obstruction in Morquio A Syndrome. Case Rep Pediatr 2023; 2023:7976780. [PMID: 37180285 PMCID: PMC10171972 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7976780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The primary cause of death in Morquio A syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IVA) is airway obstruction, brought about by an inexorable and pathognomonic multilevel airway tortuosity, buckling, and obstruction. The relative pathophysiological contributions of an inherent cartilage processing defect versus a mismatch in longitudinal growth between the trachea and the thoracic cage are currently a subject of debate. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and multidisciplinary management continue to improve life expectancy for Morquio A patients by slowing many of the multisystem pathological consequences of the disease but are not as effective at reversing established pathology. An urgent need has developed to consider alternatives to palliation of progressive tracheal obstruction to preserve and maintain these patients' hard-won good quality of life, as well as to facilitate spinal and other required surgery. Case Report. Following multidisciplinary discussion, transcervical tracheal resection with limited manubriectomy was successfully performed, without the need for cardiopulmonary bypass, in an adolescent male on ERT with the severe airway manifestations of Morquio A syndrome. His trachea was found to be under significant compressive forces at surgery. On histology, chondrocyte lacunae appeared enlarged, but intracellular lysosomal staining and extracellular glycosaminoglycan staining was comparable to control trachea. At 12 months, this has resulted in a significant improvement in respiratory and functional status, with corresponding enhancement to his quality of life. Conclusion This addressing of tracheal/thoracic cage dimension mismatch represents a novel surgical treatment approach to an existing clinical paradigm and may be useful for other carefully selected individuals with MPS IVA. Further work is needed to better understand the role and optimal timing of tracheal resection within this patient cohort so as to individually balance considerable surgical and anaesthetic risks against the potential symptomatic and life expectancy benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Frauenfelder
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Maughan
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Johnny Kenth
- Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- The University of Manchester, The Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
| | - Reema Nandi
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Simon Jones
- The Willink Metabolic Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert Walker
- Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Bill Walsh
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nagarajan Muthialu
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Iain Bruce
- The University of Manchester, The Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
- Paediatric ENT Department, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Divisions of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Hewitt
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Colin Butler
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
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Frauenfelder C, Hall A, Walsh B, Ross A, Broughton E, Hynds RE, Nandi R, O'Callaghan C, Butler CR. Use of Simulation to Visualize Healthcare Worker Exposure to Aerosol in the Operating Room. Simul Healthc 2022; 17:66-67. [PMID: 33993138 PMCID: PMC8808760 DOI: 10.1097/sih.0000000000000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY STATEMENT Simulation resources offer an opportunity to highlight aerosol dispersion within the operating room environment. We demonstrate our methodology with a supporting video that can offer operating room teams support in their practical understanding of aerosol exposure and the importance of personal protective equipment.
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Boshier FAT, Pang J, Penner J, Parker M, Alders N, Bamford A, Grandjean L, Grunewald S, Hatcher J, Best T, Dalton C, Bynoe PD, Frauenfelder C, Köeglmeier J, Myerson P, Roy S, Williams R, de Silva TI, Goldstein RA, Breuer J. Evolution of viral variants in remdesivir-treated and untreated SARS-CoV-2-infected pediatrics patients. J Med Virol 2022; 94:161-172. [PMID: 34415583 PMCID: PMC8426849 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Detailed information on intrahost viral evolution in SARS-CoV-2 with and without treatment is limited. Sequential viral loads and deep sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 from the upper respiratory tract of nine hospitalized children, three of whom were treated with remdesivir, revealed that remdesivir treatment suppressed viral load in one patient but not in a second infected with an identical strain without any evidence of drug resistance found. Reduced levels of subgenomic RNA during treatment of the second patient, suggest an additional effect of remdesivir on viral replication. Haplotype reconstruction uncovered persistent SARS-CoV-2 variant genotypes in four patients. These likely arose from within-host evolution, although superinfection cannot be excluded in one case. Although our dataset is small, observed sample-to-sample heterogeneity in variant frequencies across four of nine patients suggests the presence of discrete viral populations in the lung with incomplete population sampling in diagnostic swabs. Such compartmentalization could compromise the penetration of remdesivir into the lung, limiting the drugs in vivo efficacy, as has been observed in other lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia A. T. Boshier
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Juanita Pang
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Justin Penner
- Department of Infectious DiseaseGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Matthew Parker
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Florey InstituteUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Nele Alders
- Department of Infectious DiseaseGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Alasdair Bamford
- Department of Infectious DiseaseGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Louis Grandjean
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stephanie Grunewald
- Department of Metabolic MedicineUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - James Hatcher
- Department of MicrobiologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Timothy Best
- Department of MicrobiologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Caroline Dalton
- Department of PharmacyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Patricia Dyal Bynoe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Claire Frauenfelder
- Department of EarsNose and Throat, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Division of SurgeryUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jutta Köeglmeier
- Department of GastroenterologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Phoebe Myerson
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sunando Roy
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rachel Williams
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Thushan I. de Silva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Florey InstituteUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | | | - Judith Breuer
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of MicrobiologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
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Cheong RCT, Jephson C, Frauenfelder C, Cavalli L, Moshal K, Butler CR, Wyatt ME. Otolaryngologic Manifestations in Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With COVID-19. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 147:482-484. [PMID: 33630068 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2020.5698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C T Cheong
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Jephson
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Frauenfelder
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Cavalli
- Speech and Language Therapy Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karyn Moshal
- Infectious Disease Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R Butler
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Division, Institute of Child Health UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle E Wyatt
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Konstantinidou S, Butler CR, Hartley B, Frauenfelder C. Subglottic ectopic thymus mimicking airway haemangioma. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/5/e241074. [PMID: 34011669 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-241074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Subglottic haemangioma presents as progressive obstruction in the neonatal and infantile airway, with a soft lesion seen during endoscopy. Diagnosis is based on macroscopic findings, biopsy is not usually performed and propranolol is first-line treatment. In contrast, ectopic thymus is a rare differential diagnosis for subglottic mass made by histopathological examination after excision or autopsy. In this article, we present a case of an infant with a subglottic lesion with endoscopic features consistent with haemangioma. After initial clinical response to propranolol, the patient represented with progressive stridor no longer responding to therapy. Open excision of the lesion was performed, and histopathology revealed ectopic thymus tissue. In this case, ectopic thymus tissue mimicked the presentation of subglottic haemangioma, and confirmation bias persisted due to an apparent initial clinical response to treatment with propranolol. In cases of subglottic mass refractory to medical treatment, excision of the lesion should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevasti Konstantinidou
- Paediatric Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Colin R Butler
- Paediatric Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Stem Cell and Regenerative medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institue of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Hartley
- Paediatric Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Claire Frauenfelder
- Paediatric Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK .,Department of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Konstantinidou S, Wyatt M, Butler C, Frauenfelder C. Bilobed tongue base associated with multiple branchial anomalies. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e241081. [PMID: 33782069 PMCID: PMC8009237 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-241081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A bilobed tongue base was identified in an infant with multiple other head, neck and cardiac congenital anomalies. This anatomical variation of the posterior tongue is rare, with only two other cases identified in the literature. We report a case of a 5-month-old boy with a bilobed posterior tongue incidentally identified during workup for cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Wyatt
- Paediatric Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Colin Butler
- Paediatric Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- University College London, Institute of Child Health, Londond, UK
| | - Claire Frauenfelder
- Paediatric Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hall
- Department of Paediatric ENT, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Claire Frauenfelder
- Department of Paediatric ENT, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Colin Butler
- Department of Paediatric ENT, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Paula Coyle
- Department of Paediatric ENT, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Department of Rhinology, King's College London, London, UK
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8
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Frauenfelder C, Shelmerdine SC, Simcock IC, Hall A, Hutchinson JC, Ashworth MT, Arthurs OJ, Butler CR. Micro-CT Imaging of Pediatric Thyroglossal Duct Cysts: A Prospective Case Series. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:746010. [PMID: 34557462 PMCID: PMC8453197 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.746010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the feasibility of micro-CT as a high-resolution 3D imaging tool for thyroglossal duct cysts and to evaluate its role augmenting traditional histopathological examination of resected specimens. Methods: A single centre, prospective case series of consecutive children undergoing excision of a thyroglossal duct cyst was performed at a quaternary paediatric referral hospital in the United Kingdom. Consecutive children listed for excision of a thyroglossal duct cyst whose parents agreed to participate were included and there were no exclusion criteria. Results: Surgically excised thyroglossal duct cyst or remnant specimens from five patients (two males, three females) were examined using micro-CT alongside traditional histopathological examination. In all cases, micro-CT imaging was able to demonstrate 3D imaging datasets of the specimens successfully and direct radio-pathological comparisons were made (Figures 1-5, Supplementary Video 1). Conclusions: The study has shown the feasibility and utility of post-operative micro-CT imaging of thyroglossal duct cysts specimens as a visual aid to traditional histopathological examination. It better informs the pathological specimen sectioning using multi-planar reconstruction and volume rendering tools without tissue destruction. In the complex, often arborised relationship between a thyroglossal duct cyst and the hyoid, micro-CT provides valuable image plane orientation and indicates proximity of the duct to the surgical margins. This is the first case series to explore the use of micro-CT imaging for pediatric thyroglossal duct specimens and it informs future work investigating the generalizability of micro-CT imaging methods for other lesions, particularly those from the head and neck region where precisely defining margins of excision may be challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Frauenfelder
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Susan C Shelmerdine
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian C Simcock
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Hall
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Ciaran Hutchinson
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Histopathology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Ashworth
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Arthurs
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R Butler
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
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Frauenfelder C, Brierley J, Whittaker E, Perucca G, Bamford A. Infant With SARS-CoV-2 Infection Causing Severe Lung Disease Treated With Remdesivir. Pediatrics 2020; 146:peds.2020-1701. [PMID: 32554811 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an ex-premature infant presenting with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in the fifth week of life. In current reports, researchers indicate that acute symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is relatively rare and much less severe than in adults. This case highlights that infection can be associated with life-threatening pulmonary disease in young infants and that infection can follow a similar disease course to that described in adults. We provide first data on the use of the novel antiviral remdesivir in a young child and an innovative approach to expedited approval from a multidisciplinary clinical team and bioethics committee for compassionate access to the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Frauenfelder
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Joe Brierley
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Whittaker
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Giulia Perucca
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Bamford
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; .,University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Frauenfelder C, Butler C, Hartley B, Cochrane L, Jephson C, Nash R, Hewitt R, Albert D, Wyatt M, Hall A. Practical insights for paediatric otolaryngology surgical cases and performing microlaryngobronchoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 134:110030. [PMID: 32278168 PMCID: PMC7142686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Paediatric otolaryngology practice involves examining and operating in anatomical locations with high levels of aerosol generation and transmission of COVID-19 to treating clinicians, especially from the asymptomatic patient populations including children. During the COVID-19 pandemic all emergent otolaryngological conditions affecting the airway, oral, and nasal cavities should be managed medically where possible and any operating deferred. We present guidelines for operating on paediatric otolaryngological patients when necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic, and incorporate experience gathered during microlaryngobronchoscopy on a COVID-19 positive infant at our institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Frauenfelder
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, UK; University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Colin Butler
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, UK; UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ben Hartley
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, UK
| | | | | | - Robert Nash
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, UK
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Hall
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, UK.
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11
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Kao SST, Frauenfelder C, Wong D, Edwards S, Krishnan S, Ooi EH. National Surgical Quality Improvement Program risk calculator validity in South Australian laryngectomy patients. ANZ J Surg 2020; 90:740-745. [PMID: 32159275 DOI: 10.1111/ans.15807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing an individual patient's post-operative risk profile prior to laryngectomy for cancer is difficult. The American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) risk calculator was developed to better inform preoperative decision-making. The calculator uses patient-specific characteristics to estimate the risk of experiencing post-operative complications within 30 days of surgery. We investigated the ACS-NSQIP risk calculator's performance for Australian laryngectomy patients. METHODS The ACS-NSQIP risk calculator was used to retrospectively calculate the 30-day post-operative predicted outcomes in patients who underwent laryngectomy for laryngeal, hypopharyngeal and thyroid cancers (with laryngeal involvement) in two institutions in South Australia. These data were compared against the actual mortality, morbidity, complications and length of stay (LOS) collected from a retrospective chart review. RESULTS A total of 144 patients underwent surgical intervention for malignancies with laryngeal involvement. The median LOS was 25 days (range 13-197) compared to the predicted LOS of 6.5 days (range 3.5-12.5). Overall mortality was 2.78% with post-operative complications occurring in 63% of patients. The most common complication was wound infection, occurring in 33% of patients. Hosmer-Lemeshow plots demonstrated good agreement between predicted and observed rates for complications. CONCLUSION The ACS-NSQIP risk calculator effectively predicted post-operative complication rates in South Australian laryngeal cancer patients undergoing laryngectomy. However, differences in predicted and actual LOS may limit the usefulness of the calculator's LOS predictions for Australian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Shih-Teng Kao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claire Frauenfelder
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Wong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Suzanne Edwards
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Suren Krishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eng Hooi Ooi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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12
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Cundy TP, Gent R, Frauenfelder C, Lukic L, Linke RJ, Goh DW. Benchmarking the value of ultrasound for acute appendicitis in children. J Pediatr Surg 2016; 51:1939-1943. [PMID: 27670963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study appraises the diagnostic quality of ultrasound for acute appendicitis in children and consequently challenges the perception of inferior accuracy and suitability compared to computed tomography (CT). METHODS Radiologist reports for consecutive "query appendicitis" ultrasound studies were retrieved from a hospital database for the study period 2009-2014. Children who subsequently underwent appendicectomy were identified. Corresponding operative and histopathology findings were evaluated. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound was determined by analyzing overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, predictivity, and likelihood ratios. RESULTS A total of 3799 ultrasound examinations were evaluated. Mean age was 11.5±3.8years. The proportion of patients investigated with preoperative ultrasound was 59.9% (1103/1840). Appendix visualization rate was 91.7%. Overall diagnostic accuracy was 95.5%. Sensitivity and specificity values were 97.1% (95.9-98.1; 95% CI) and 94.8% (93.9-95.6; 95% CI), respectively. Separate analysis of only ultrasound positive and negative examinations (i.e., excluding nondiagnostic examinations) confirmed sensitivity and specificity values of 98.8% and 98.3%. CONCLUSION In this largest reported single institution series of ultrasound examinations for appendicitis, we report benchmark standard quality of diagnostic accuracy and visualization rates. Given the radiation and cost implications of CT, there is a strong argument to recommend ultrasound as the primary imaging modality. Diagnostic Study-Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Cundy
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia; Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, South Australia.
| | - Roger Gent
- Department of Radiology, Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia
| | - Claire Frauenfelder
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia
| | - Laura Lukic
- Department of Radiology, Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia
| | - Rebecca J Linke
- Department of Radiology, Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia
| | - Day Way Goh
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia
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13
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Woods CM, Tan S, Ullah S, Frauenfelder C, Ooi EH, Carney AS. The effect of nasal irrigation formulation on the antimicrobial activity of nasal secretions. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015. [PMID: 26205877 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saline-based irrigation solutions are evidence-based rhinological treatments; however, the formulation of these solutions could theoretically alter the function of innate antimicrobial peptides. The aim of this study was to determine if the antimicrobial activity of normal human nasal secretions in vivo is altered by commercially available large volume irrigation solutions. METHODS Minimally manipulated sinonasal secretions were collected from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS; n = 10) and normal healthy volunteers (n = 20). In a subset of control patients (n = 10) secretions were collected prior to, and at 1 hour, 6 hours, and 24 hours after nasal irrigation with 4 commercial irrigation solutions. Lysozyme and lactoferrin levels were analyzed and the antimicrobial activity of secretions determined using a radial diffusion assay. RESULTS The antimicrobial activity of nasal secretions was reduced in CRS patients compared to healthy volunteers (p < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in antimicrobial peptide concentrations. Isotonic nasal irrigation reduced lysozyme and lactoferrin levels, which returned to baseline levels by 6 hours; in addition to a sustained decrease in antimicrobial activity before returning to baseline at 24 hours. Low-salt solution stimulated peptide secretion by approximately 40% at 6 hours and 24 hours, but produced a transient decrease in antimicrobial activity, returning to baseline levels by 6 hours. Hypertonic solution initially decreased lysozyme and lactoferrin levels but maintained baseline levels of antimicrobial activity and increased peptide secretion by approximately 30% at 24 hours. CONCLUSION The formulation of nasal irrigation solutions significantly affects the measured levels and functionality of sinonasal antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine M Woods
- Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Department, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sophia Tan
- Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Department, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shahid Ullah
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claire Frauenfelder
- Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Department, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eng H Ooi
- Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Department, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Simon Carney
- Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Department, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Frauenfelder C, Woods C, Hussey D, Ooi E, Klebe S, Carney AS. Aquaporin expression profiles in normal sinonasal mucosa and chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2014; 4:901-8. [PMID: 25243928 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thickened secretions, mucosal edema, and polyp formation are pathological features in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) that could theoretically be caused by aberrant water flow through sinonasal mucosa. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of proteins with roles in water transport, with tissue-specific expression profiles. This study aims to determine if AQP expression in sinonasal mucosa is different between normal controls and patients with CRS, either with (CRSwNP) or without (CRSsNP) nasal polyps. METHODS During endoscopic sinus surgery or transsphenoidal surgery, sinonasal tissue was collected and classified as CRSwNP (n = 13), CRSsNP (n = 10), or normal (n = 10). Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of human AQP0 to AQP12b was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cellular localization of AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP7, and AQP11 was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS mRNA of AQP0 to AQP11 was identified in all samples. AQP12b mRNA was not detected. Significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of AQP4 and AQP11 were identified between normal and CRSwNP patients (p < 0.05). Differences in the cellular localization of AQPs were observed in both CRSsNP and CRSwNP patients vs normal controls. More intense localization to the cell cytoplasm was observed for AQP5 in glandular epithelium (CRSwNP; p < 0.05) and surface epithelium (CRSsNP; p < 0.05), and AQP4 in glandular epithelium (CRSsNP; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study characterized AQP mRNA expression and protein localization in normal human sinonasal tissue. Significant differences in mRNA expression were found for AQP4 and AQP11 in CRSwNP and differences in protein localization patterns of AQP4 and AQP5 were identified in both types of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Frauenfelder
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Frauenfelder C. A medic with a taste for working in war zones. Assoc Med J 2007. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.334.7607.s232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Frauenfelder C. A medic with a taste for working in war zones. Assoc Med J 2007. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.334.7607.sgp244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Frauenfelder C. Charging patients for HIV drugs is a barrier to treatment. BMJ 2006; 333:1192. [PMID: 17158380 PMCID: PMC1693635 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39056.466539.db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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Frauenfelder C. Emergency planners should not assume that people will panic. BMJ 2006; 333:1192. [PMID: 17158382 PMCID: PMC1693625 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39055.349132.db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Frauenfelder C. High spending intensive care doctors do not always achieve better outcomes. West J Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39055.352384.db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Frauenfelder C. NHS needs more consultant surgeons to cope with demand. Assoc Med J 2006. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39048.341227.db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Frauenfelder C. Promotion of NHS to be governed by Department of Health code. Assoc Med J 2006. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39049.389028.db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Frauenfelder C. Standard procedures are needed to improve patients' safety, says England's chief medical officer. West J Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39028.605313.db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Grob K, Frauenfelder C, Artho A. Uptake by foods of tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, toluene, and benzene from air. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 1990; 191:435-41. [PMID: 2103659 DOI: 10.1007/bf01193090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Transition rates from air into food as well as equilibrium concentrations in air and critical foods were determined for tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, benzene and toluene. From these data, maximum concentrations of the four substances in air were estimated that keep contamination of critical foods at an acceptable level. A simple and rapid method allowed us to determine the risk of food contamination from the air, e.g. in shops and kitchens, by the analysis of the air. Estimations showed that concentrations in the air of shops should not exceed 1 mg/m3 if tetrachloroethylene concentrations in foods are limited to 100 micrograms/kg (slightly higher concentrations can be accepted for the other three compounds); in kitchens of restaurants and households, even 0.3 mg/m3 cause the target concentration to be exceeded rather frequently If the limit in foods is 50 micrograms/kg, recommended maximum concentrations in air are 0.5 and 0.15 mg/m3. The data also shows that the recommended limits for concentrations in air conflict with the accepted emission limits: If emission at the accepted limit occurs near shops or households, contamination of foods far exceed that considered as tolerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Grob
- Kantonales Labor, Zürich, Switzerland
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