1
|
Giannikou K, Klonowska K, Tsuji J, Wu S, Zhu Z, Probst CK, Kao KZ, Wu CL, Rodig S, Marino-Enriquez A, Zen Y, Schaefer IM, Kwiatkowski DJ. TSC2 inactivation, low mutation burden and high macrophage infiltration characterise hepatic angiomyolipomas. Histopathology 2023; 83:569-581. [PMID: 37679051 DOI: 10.1111/his.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although TSC1 or TSC2 inactivating mutations that lead to mTORC1 hyperactivation have been reported in hepatic angiomyolipomas (hAML), the role of other somatic genetic events that may contribute to hAML development is unknown. There are also limited data regarding the tumour microenvironment (TME) of hAML. The aim of the present study was to identify other somatic events in genomic level and changes in TME that contribute to tumorigenesis in hAML. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we performed exome sequencing in nine sporadic hAML tumours and deep-coverage targeted sequencing for TSC2 in three additional hAML. Immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence were carried out for 15 proteins to characterise the tumour microenvironment and assess immune cell infiltration. Inactivating somatic variants in TSC2 were identified in 10 of 12 (83%) cases, with a median allele frequency of 13.6%. Five to 18 somatic variants (median number: nine, median allele frequency 21%) not in TSC1 or TSC2 were also identified, mostly of uncertain clinical significance. Copy number changes were rare, but detection was impaired by low tumour purity. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated numerous CD68+ macrophages of distinct appearance from Küpffer cells. Multiplex immunofluorescence revealed low numbers of exhausted PD-1+/PD-L1+, FOXP3+ and CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION hAML tumours have consistent inactivating mutations in TSC2 and have a low somatic mutation rate, similar to other TSC-associated tumours. Careful histological review, standard IHC and multiplex immunofluorescence demonstrated marked infiltration by non-neoplastic inflammatory cells, mostly macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krinio Giannikou
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Genome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Klonowska
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Genome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Junko Tsuji
- Genomics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shulin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary Zhu
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens K Probst
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlighton, VT, USA
| | - Katrina Z Kao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chin-Lee Wu
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrian Marino-Enriquez
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoh Zen
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Inga-Marie Schaefer
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Kwiatkowski
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Knipe RS, Nurunnabi M, Probst CK, Spinney JJ, Abe E, Bose RJC, Ha K, Logue A, Nguyen T, Servis R, Drummond M, Haring A, Brazee PL, Medoff BD, McCarthy JR. Myofibroblast-specific inhibition of the Rho kinase-MRTF-SRF pathway using nanotechnology for the prevention of pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L190-L198. [PMID: 36625494 PMCID: PMC9925159 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00086.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by the accumulation of myofibroblasts in the lung and progressive tissue scarring. Fibroblasts exist across a spectrum of states, from quiescence in health to activated myofibroblasts in the setting of injury. Highly activated myofibroblasts have a critical role in the establishment of fibrosis as the predominant source of type 1 collagen and profibrotic mediators. Myofibroblasts are also highly contractile cells and can alter lung biomechanical properties through tissue contraction. Inhibiting signaling pathways involved in myofibroblast activation could therefore have significant therapeutic value. One of the ways myofibroblast activation occurs is through activation of the Rho/myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)/serum response factor (SRF) pathway, which signals through intracellular actin polymerization. However, concerns surrounding the pleiotropic and ubiquitous nature of these signaling pathways have limited the translation of inhibitory drugs. Herein, we demonstrate a novel therapeutic antifibrotic strategy using myofibroblast-targeted nanoparticles containing a MTRF/SRF pathway inhibitor (CCG-1423), which has been shown to block myofibroblast activation in vitro. Myofibroblasts were preferentially targeted via the angiotensin 2 receptor, which has been shown to be selectively upregulated in animal and human studies. These nanoparticles were nontoxic and accumulated in lung myofibroblasts in the bleomycin-induced mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis, reducing the number of these activated cells and their production of profibrotic mediators. Ultimately, in a murine model of lung fibrosis, a single injection of these drugs containing targeted nanoagents reduced fibrosis as compared with control mice. This approach has the potential to deliver personalized therapy by precisely targeting signaling pathways in a cell-specific manner, allowing increased efficacy with reduced deleterious off-target effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Knipe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clemens K Probst
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jillian J Spinney
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Abe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rajendran J C Bose
- Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, New York
| | - Khanh Ha
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, New York
| | - Amanda Logue
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Trong Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Servis
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Drummond
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexis Haring
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia L Brazee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason R McCarthy
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, New York
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Axelsson Raja A, Wakimoto H, DeLaughter DM, Reichart D, Gorham J, Conner DA, Lun M, Probst CK, Sakai N, Knipe RS, Montesi SB, Shea B, Adam LP, Leinwand LA, Wan W, Choi ES, Lindberg EL, Patone G, Noseda M, Hübner N, Seidman CE, Tager AM, Seidman JG, Ho CY. Ablation of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 attenuates hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204174119. [PMID: 35787042 PMCID: PMC9282378 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204174119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a key pathologic feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the fibrotic pathways activated by HCM-causing sarcomere protein gene mutations are poorly defined. Because lysophosphatidic acid is a mediator of fibrosis in multiple organs and diseases, we tested the role of the lysophosphatidic acid pathway in HCM. Lysphosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1), a cell surface receptor, is required for lysophosphatidic acid mediation of fibrosis. We bred HCM mice carrying a pathogenic myosin heavy-chain variant (403+/-) with Lpar1-ablated mice to create mice carrying both genetic changes (403+/- LPAR1 -/-) and assessed development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Compared with 403+/- LPAR1WT, 403+/- LPAR1 -/- mice developed significantly less hypertrophy and fibrosis. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of left ventricular tissue demonstrated that Lpar1 was predominantly expressed by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and cardiac fibroblasts. Lpar1 ablation reduced the population of LECs, confirmed by immunofluorescence staining of the LEC markers Lyve1 and Ccl21a and, by in situ hybridization, for Reln and Ccl21a. Lpar1 ablation also altered the distribution of fibroblast cell states. FB1 and FB2 fibroblasts decreased while FB0 and FB3 fibroblasts increased. Our findings indicate that Lpar1 is expressed predominantly by LECs and fibroblasts in the heart and is required for development of hypertrophy and fibrosis in an HCM mouse model. LPAR1 antagonism, including agents in clinical trials for other fibrotic diseases, may be beneficial for HCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Axelsson Raja
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Daniel Reichart
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David A. Conner
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mingyue Lun
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Clemens K. Probst
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Rachel S. Knipe
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Sydney B. Montesi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Barry Shea
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Albert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Leonard P. Adam
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - Leslie A. Leinwand
- Biofrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302
| | - William Wan
- Biofrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302
| | - Esther Sue Choi
- Biofrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302
| | - Eric L. Lindberg
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giannino Patone
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michela Noseda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine E. Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Andrew M. Tager
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - J. G. Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Carolyn Y. Ho
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Knipe RS, Spinney JJ, Abe EA, Probst CK, Franklin A, Logue A, Giacona F, Drummond M, Griffith J, Brazee PL, Hariri LP, Montesi SB, Black KE, Hla T, Kuo A, Cartier A, Engelbrecht E, Christoffersen C, Shea BS, Tager AM, Medoff BD. Endothelial-Specific Loss of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Increases Vascular Permeability and Exacerbates Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:38-52. [PMID: 34343038 PMCID: PMC8803357 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0408oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive disease which leads to significant morbidity and mortality from respiratory failure. The two drugs currently approved for clinical use slow the rate of decline in lung function but have not been shown to halt disease progression or reverse established fibrosis. Thus, new therapeutic targets are needed. Endothelial injury and the resultant vascular permeability are critical components in the response to tissue injury and are present in patients with IPF. However, it remains unclear how vascular permeability affects lung repair and fibrosis following injury. Lipid mediators such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are known to regulate multiple homeostatic processes in the lung including vascular permeability. We demonstrate that endothelial cell-(EC) specific deletion of the S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) in mice (EC-S1pr1-/-) results in increased lung vascular permeability at baseline. Following a low-dose intratracheal bleomycin challenge, EC-S1pr1-/- mice had increased and persistent vascular permeability compared with wild-type mice, which was strongly correlated with the amount and localization of resulting pulmonary fibrosis. EC-S1pr1-/- mice also had increased immune cell infiltration and activation of the coagulation cascade within the lung. However, increased circulating S1P ligand in ApoM-overexpressing mice was insufficient to protect against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Overall, these data demonstrate that endothelial cell S1PR1 controls vascular permeability in the lung, is associated with changes in immune cell infiltration and extravascular coagulation, and modulates the fibrotic response to lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Knipe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | - Jillian J. Spinney
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | - Elizabeth A. Abe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | - Clemens K. Probst
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Amanda Logue
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | - Francesca Giacona
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | - Matt Drummond
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | - Jason Griffith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | - Patricia L. Brazee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | - Lida P. Hariri
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sydney B. Montesi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center
| | - Katherine E. Black
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Kuo
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andreane Cartier
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Engelbrecht
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Barry S. Shea
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Andrew M. Tager
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | - Benjamin D. Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hernandez JOR, Wang X, Vazquez-Segoviano M, Lopez-Marfil M, Sobral-Reyes MF, Moran-Horowich A, Sundberg M, Lopez-Cantu DO, Probst CK, Ruiz-Esparza GU, Giannikou K, Abdi R, Henske EP, Kwiatkowski DJ, Sahin M, Lemos DR. A tissue-bioengineering strategy for modeling rare human kidney diseases in vivo. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6496. [PMID: 34764250 PMCID: PMC8586030 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of animal models for some human diseases precludes our understanding of disease mechanisms and our ability to test prospective therapies in vivo. Generation of kidney organoids from Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) patient-derived-hiPSCs allows us to recapitulate a rare kidney tumor called angiomyolipoma (AML). Organoids derived from TSC2-/- hiPSCs but not from isogenic TSC2+/- or TSC2+/+ hiPSCs share a common transcriptional signature and a myomelanocytic cell phenotype with kidney AMLs, and develop epithelial cysts, replicating two major TSC-associated kidney lesions driven by genetic mechanisms that cannot be consistently recapitulated with transgenic mice. Transplantation of multiple TSC2-/- renal organoids into the kidneys of immunodeficient rats allows us to model AML in vivo for the study of tumor mechanisms, and to test the efficacy of rapamycin-loaded nanoparticles as an approach to rapidly ablate AMLs. Collectively, our experimental approaches represent an innovative and scalable tissue-bioengineering strategy for modeling rare kidney disease in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J O R Hernandez
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - X Wang
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - M Lopez-Marfil
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - M F Sobral-Reyes
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - A Moran-Horowich
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - M Sundberg
- Rosamund Zander Stone Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - D O Lopez-Cantu
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - C K Probst
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for LAM Research and Clinical Care, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - G U Ruiz-Esparza
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - K Giannikou
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for LAM Research and Clinical Care, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - R Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E P Henske
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for LAM Research and Clinical Care, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - D J Kwiatkowski
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for LAM Research and Clinical Care, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - M Sahin
- Rosamund Zander Stone Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - D R Lemos
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kovalenko A, Sanin A, Kosmas K, Zhang L, Wang J, Akl EW, Giannikou K, Probst CK, Hougard TR, Rue RW, Krymskaya VP, Asara JM, Lam HC, Kwiatkowski DJ, Henske EP, Filippakis H. Therapeutic Targeting of DGKA-Mediated Macropinocytosis Leads to Phospholipid Reprogramming in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2086-2100. [PMID: 33593821 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare destructive lung disease affecting primarily women and is the primary lung manifestation of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). In lymphangioleiomyomatosis, biallelic loss of TSC1/2 leads to hyperactivation of mTORC1 and inhibition of autophagy. To determine how the metabolic vulnerabilities of TSC2-deficient cells can be targeted, we performed a high-throughput screen utilizing the "Repurposing" library at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (Cambridge, MA), with or without the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Ritanserin, an inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKA), was identified as a selective inhibitor of proliferation of Tsc2-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), with no impact on Tsc2+/+ MEFs. DGKA is a lipid kinase that metabolizes diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid, a key component of plasma membranes. Phosphatidic acid levels were increased 5-fold in Tsc2-/- MEFs compared with Tsc2+/+ MEFs, and treatment of Tsc2-/- MEFs with ritanserin led to depletion of phosphatidic acid as well as rewiring of phospholipid metabolism. Macropinocytosis is known to be upregulated in TSC2-deficient cells. Ritanserin decreased macropinocytic uptake of albumin, limited the number of lysosomes, and reduced lysosomal activity in Tsc2-/- MEFs. In a mouse model of TSC, ritanserin treatment decreased cyst frequency and volume, and in a mouse model of lymphangioleiomyomatosis, genetic downregulation of DGKA prevented alveolar destruction and airspace enlargement. Collectively, these data indicate that DGKA supports macropinocytosis in TSC2-deficient cells to maintain phospholipid homeostasis and promote proliferation. Targeting macropinocytosis with ritanserin may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of TSC and lymphangioleiomyomatosis. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies macropinocytosis and phospholipid metabolism as novel mechanisms of metabolic homeostasis in mTORC1-hyperactive cells and suggest ritanserin as a novel therapeutic strategy for use in mTORC1-hyperactive tumors, including pancreatic cancer. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/8/2086/F1.large.jpg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Kovalenko
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andres Sanin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kosmas Kosmas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Long Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ji Wang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elie W Akl
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Krinio Giannikou
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clemens K Probst
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas R Hougard
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan W Rue
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vera P Krymskaya
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hilaire C Lam
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Kwiatkowski
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Harilaos Filippakis
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Giannikou K, Probst CK, Zarei M, Qiu X, Duarte M, Kesten N, Hebert Z, Vadhi R, Font-Tello A, Cejas P, Yoon CH, Wu CL, Brown M, Henske EP, Long H, Kwiatkowski DJ. Abstract PO-010: Kidney angiomyolipomas are defined by a unique transcriptomic profile and H3K27ac chromatin state. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.epimetab20-po-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Kidney angiomyolipomas (AML) are benign mesenchymal tumors that are commonly seen in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), a rare genetic neurocutaneous disorder, but also occur sporadically. Kidney AML are due to either TSC1 or TSC2 biallelic loss, whereas other somatic genetic events are rare and do not contribute to tumor development. We hypothesized that the chromatin state and master transcription factors are also drivers of kidney angiomyolipoma growth, alongside mTORC1 hyperactivation. Material and Methods: We performed whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing on 28 kidney AML, and ChIP-seq for H3K27ac (a histone modification that marks open chromatin and regulates high transcription of nearby genes) on 25 kidney AML, a human kidney AML derived TSC2 null cell line (621-101), and a pigmented melanoma cell line (SK-MEL30). ChIP-Seq for MITF (Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) was also carried out on three kidney AML tumors and SK-MEL30 cells. Functional studies were performed to assess the oncogenic role of MITF in vitro and in vivo. Results: Differential expression analyses of kidney AML compared to both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) tumors and GTEx normal tissues revealed 347 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 18 transcription factors (TFs; FDR/adjusted p-value<0.05). MITF (the isoform A) and PPARγ, known oncogenes, were highly expressed in kidney AML (4th and 1st out of 27 TCGA tumor types, respectively). In addition, 6 of 10 top DEGs in kidney AML are known MITF targets including CTSK, PMEL, and GPNMB. ROSE (Ranking of Super Enhancers) and regulatory potential (RP) analysis of H3K27ac ChIP-seq data compared to human normal tissues (Epigenome Roadmap project), identified MITF (near Transcription Start Site of isoform A), PPARγ, CTSK and GPNMB as genes with extended open regulatory chromatin regions, known as ‘super-enhancers’, suggesting they are critical for kidney AML development. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of all 347 DEGs showed enrichment in pathways for epithelial-mesenchymal transition, myogenesis, adipogenesis, and estrogen response (all q-values< 6.54 × 10−9). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positive staining for nuclear MITF and cytoplasmic GPNMB in kidney AML, lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a lung tumor entity similar to kidney AML, and hepatic AML (n>=3 sections per tumor) compared to adjacent normal tissue. Knock out of MITF-A by CRISPR/Cas9 showed reduction in cell growth (82%, p<0.01), invasion (48%, p<0.01) and migration (70%, p<0.001) in vitro, whereas stable overexpression of MITF-A in 601-101 cells enhanced xenograft tumor formation in vivo. Conclusions: Our studies have identified unique chromatin signatures, and several highly-expressed TFs, including MITF-A and PPARγ, which likely are essential for kidney AML development, enabling potential novel treatment strategies.
Citation Format: Krinio Giannikou, Clemens K. Probst, Mahsa Zarei, Xintao Qiu, Melissa Duarte, Nikolas Kesten, Zachary Hebert, Raga Vadhi, Alba Font-Tello, Paloma Cejas, Charles H. Yoon, Chin-Lee Wu, Myles Brown, Elizabeth P. Henske, Henry Long, David J. Kwiatkowski. Kidney angiomyolipomas are defined by a unique transcriptomic profile and H3K27ac chromatin state [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Virtual Conference on Epigenetics and Metabolism; October 15-16, 2020; 2020 Oct 15-16. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(23 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-010.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krinio Giannikou
- 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Clemens K. Probst
- 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Mahsa Zarei
- 2Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,
| | - Xintao Qiu
- 3Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Melissa Duarte
- 3Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Nikolas Kesten
- 3Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Zachary Hebert
- 4Molecular Biology Core Facilities, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Raga Vadhi
- 3Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Alba Font-Tello
- 3Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Paloma Cejas
- 3Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Charles H. Yoon
- 5Cutaneous Oncology & Melanoma, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Chin-Lee Wu
- 6Urology Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Myles Brown
- 3Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Elizabeth P. Henske
- 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - Henry Long
- 3Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| | - David J. Kwiatkowski
- 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Santos DM, Pantano L, Pronzati G, Grasberger P, Probst CK, Black KE, Spinney JJ, Hariri LP, Nichols R, Lin Y, Bieler M, Seither P, Nicklin P, Wyatt D, Tager AM, Medoff BD. Screening for YAP Inhibitors Identifies Statins as Modulators of Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:479-492. [PMID: 31944822 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0296oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disease with limited therapeutic options that is characterized by pathological fibroblast activation and aberrant lung remodeling with scar formation. YAP (Yes-associated protein) is a transcriptional coactivator that mediates mechanical and biochemical signals controlling fibroblast activation. In this study, we developed a high-throughput small-molecule screen for YAP inhibitors in primary human lung fibroblasts. Multiple HMG-CoA (hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase inhibitors (statins) were found to inhibit YAP nuclear localization via induction of YAP phosphorylation, cytoplasmic retention, and degradation. We further show that the mevalonate pathway regulates YAP activation, and that simvastatin treatment reduces fibrosis markers in activated human lung fibroblasts and in the bleomycin mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Finally, we show that simvastatin modulates YAP in vivo in mouse lung fibroblasts. Our results highlight the potential of small-molecule screens for YAP inhibitors and provide a mechanism for the antifibrotic activity of statins in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Pantano
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gina Pronzati
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Lida P Hariri
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Yufei Lin
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - David Wyatt
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Probst CK, Montesi SB, Medoff BD, Shea BS, Knipe RS. Vascular permeability in the fibrotic lung. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.00100-2019. [PMID: 32265308 PMCID: PMC9977144 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00100-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is thought to result from aberrant tissue repair processes in response to chronic or repetitive lung injury. The origin and nature of the injury, as well as its cellular and molecular targets, are likely heterogeneous, which complicates accurate pre-clinical modelling of the disease and makes therapeutic targeting a challenge. Efforts are underway to identify central pathways in fibrogenesis which may allow targeting of aberrant repair processes regardless of the initial injury stimulus. Dysregulated endothelial permeability and vascular leak have long been studied for their role in acute lung injury and repair. Evidence that these processes are of importance to the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung disease is growing. Endothelial permeability is increased in non-fibrosing lung diseases, but it resolves in a self-limited fashion in conditions such as bacterial pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. In progressive fibrosing diseases such as IPF, permeability appears to persist, however, and may also predict mortality. In this hypothesis-generating review, we summarise available data on the role of endothelial permeability in IPF and focus on the deleterious consequences of sustained endothelial hyperpermeability in response to and during pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. We propose that persistent permeability and vascular leak in the lung have the potential to establish and amplify the pro-fibrotic environment. Therapeutic interventions aimed at recognising and "plugging" the leak may therefore be of significant benefit for preventing the transition from lung injury to fibrosis and should be areas for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens K. Probst
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sydney B. Montesi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barry S. Shea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rachel S. Knipe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Shuvaev S, Rotile N, Jones CM, Probst CK, Dos Santos Ferreira D, Graham-O′Regan K, Boros E, Knipe RS, Griffith JW, Tager AM, Bogdanov A, Caravan P. Peroxidase Sensitive Amplifiable Probe for Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pulmonary Inflammation. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2412-2419. [PMID: 31397156 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An amplifiable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe that combines the stability of the macrocyclic Gd-DOTAGA core with a peroxidase-reactive 5-hydroxytryptamide (5-HT) moiety is reported. The incubation of the complex under enzymatic oxidative conditions led to a 1.7-fold increase in r1 at 1.4 T that was attributed to an oligomerization of the probe upon oxidation. This probe, Gd-5-HT-DOTAGA, provided specific detection of lung inflammation by MRI in bleomycin-injured mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Sergey Shuvaev
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Nicholas Rotile
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Chloe M. Jones
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Clemens K. Probst
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Diego Dos Santos Ferreira
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Katherine Graham-O′Regan
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Eszter Boros
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Rachel S. Knipe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jason W. Griffith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Andrew M. Tager
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Alexei Bogdanov
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Peter Caravan
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Knipe RS, Probst CK, Lagares D, Franklin A, Spinney JJ, Brazee PL, Grasberger P, Zhang L, Black KE, Sakai N, Shea BS, Liao JK, Medoff BD, Tager AM. The Rho Kinase Isoforms ROCK1 and ROCK2 Each Contribute to the Development of Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 58:471-481. [PMID: 29211497 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0075oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is thought to result from dysregulated wound repair after repetitive lung injury. Many cellular responses to injury involve rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton mediated by the two isoforms of the Rho-associated coiled-coil-forming protein kinase (ROCK), ROCK1 and ROCK2. In addition, profibrotic mediators such as transforming growth factor-β, thrombin, and lysophosphatidic acid act through receptors that activate ROCK. Inhibition of ROCK activation may be a potent therapeutic strategy for human pulmonary fibrosis. Pharmacological inhibition of ROCK using nonselective ROCK inhibitors has been shown to prevent fibrosis in animal models; however, the specific roles of each ROCK isoform are poorly understood. Furthermore, the pleiotropic effects of this kinase have raised concerns about on-target adverse effects of ROCK inhibition such as hypotension. Selective inhibition of one isoform might be a better-tolerated strategy. In the present study, we used a genetic approach to determine the roles of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Using ROCK1- or ROCK2-haploinsufficient mice, we found that reduced expression of either ROCK1 or ROCK2 was sufficient to protect them from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, we found that both isoforms contribute to the profibrotic responses of epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Interestingly, ROCK1- and ROCK2-haploinsufficient mice exhibited similar protection from bleomycin-induced vascular leak, myofibroblast differentiation, and fibrosis; however, ROCK1-haploinsufficient mice demonstrated greater attenuation of epithelial cell apoptosis. These findings suggest that selective inhibition of either ROCK isoform has the potential to be an effective therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Knipe
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clemens K Probst
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Lagares
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alicia Franklin
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jillian J Spinney
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia L Brazee
- 4 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paula Grasberger
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Linlin Zhang
- 5 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katharine E Black
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- 6 Division of Nephrology and.,7 Division of Blood Purification, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan; and
| | - Barry S Shea
- 8 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - James K Liao
- 5 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew M Tager
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Paul MJ, Probst CK, Brown LM, de Vries GJ. Dissociation of Puberty and Adolescent Social Development in a Seasonally Breeding Species. Curr Biol 2018; 28:1116-1123.e2. [PMID: 29551412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alongside the development of sexual characteristics and reproductive competence, adolescents undergo marked cognitive, social, and emotional development [1]. A fundamental question is whether these changes are triggered by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis at puberty (puberty dependent) or whether they occur independently of HPG activation (puberty independent). Disentangling puberty-dependent from puberty-independent mechanisms is difficult because puberty and adolescence typically proceed concurrently. Here, we test a new approach that leverages natural adaptations of a seasonally breeding species to dissociate pubertal status from chronological age. Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) reared in a long, summer-like day length (LD) exhibit rapid pubertal development, whereas those reared in a short, winter-like day length (SD) delay puberty by several months to synchronize breeding with the following spring [2, 3]. We tested whether the SD-induced delay in puberty delays the peri-adolescent decline in juvenile social play and the rise in aggression that characterizes adolescent social development in many species [4-6] and compared the results to those obtained after prepubertal gonadectomy. Neither SD rearing nor prepubertal gonadectomy altered the age at which hamsters transitioned from play to aggression; SD-reared hamsters completed this transition prior to puberty. SD rearing and prepubertal gonadectomy, however, increased levels of play in male and female juveniles, implicating a previously unknown role for prepubertal gonadal hormones in juvenile social behavior. Levels of aggression were also impacted (decreased) in SD-reared and gonadectomized males. These data demonstrate that puberty-independent mechanisms regulate the timing of adolescent social development, while prepubertal and adult gonadal hormones modulate levels of age-appropriate social behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Paul
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Clemens K Probst
- Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Lauren M Brown
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Geert J de Vries
- Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Désogère P, Tapias LF, Hariri LP, Rotile NJ, Rietz TA, Probst CK, Blasi F, Day H, Mino-Kenudson M, Weinreb P, Violette SM, Fuchs BC, Tager AM, Lanuti M, Caravan P. Type I collagen-targeted PET probe for pulmonary fibrosis detection and staging in preclinical models. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/384/eaaf4696. [PMID: 28381537 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf4696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is scarring of the lungs that can arise from radiation injury, drug toxicity, environmental or genetic causes, and for unknown reasons [idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)]. Overexpression of collagen is a hallmark of organ fibrosis. We describe a peptide-based positron emission tomography (PET) probe (68Ga-CBP8) that targets collagen type I. We evaluated 68Ga-CBP8 in vivo in the bleomycin-induced mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. 68Ga-CBP8 showed high specificity for pulmonary fibrosis and high target/background ratios in diseased animals. The lung PET signal and lung 68Ga-CBP8 uptake (quantified ex vivo) correlated linearly (r2 = 0.80) with the amount of lung collagen in mice with fibrosis. We further demonstrated that the 68Ga-CBP8 probe could be used to monitor response to treatment in a second mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis associated with vascular leak. Ex vivo analysis of lung tissue from patients with IPF supported the animal findings. These studies indicate that 68Ga-CBP8 is a promising candidate for noninvasive imaging of human pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Désogère
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Luis F Tapias
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lida P Hariri
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nicholas J Rotile
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Tyson A Rietz
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Clemens K Probst
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Helen Day
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | - Bryan C Fuchs
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrew M Tager
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael Lanuti
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lagares D, Santos A, Grasberger PE, Liu F, Probst CK, Rahimi RA, Sakai N, Kuehl T, Ryan J, Bhola P, Montero J, Kapoor M, Baron M, Varelas X, Tschumperlin DJ, Letai A, Tager AM. Targeted apoptosis of myofibroblasts with the BH3 mimetic ABT-263 reverses established fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:eaal3765. [PMID: 29237758 PMCID: PMC8520471 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Persistent myofibroblast activation distinguishes pathological fibrosis from physiological wound healing, suggesting that therapies selectively inducing myofibroblast apoptosis could prevent progression and potentially reverse established fibrosis in diseases such as scleroderma, a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by multiorgan fibrosis. We demonstrate that fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation driven by matrix stiffness increases the mitochondrial priming (proximity to the apoptotic threshold) of these activated cells. Mitochondria in activated myofibroblasts, but not quiescent fibroblasts, are primed by death signals such as the proapoptotic BH3-only protein BIM, which creates a requirement for tonic expression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-XL to sequester BIM and ensure myofibroblast survival. Myofibroblasts become particularly susceptible to apoptosis induced by "BH3 mimetic" drugs inhibiting BCL-XL such as ABT-263. ABT-263 displaces BCL-XL binding to BIM, allowing BIM to activate apoptosis on stiffness-primed myofibroblasts. Therapeutic blockade of BCL-XL with ABT-263 (navitoclax) effectively treats established fibrosis in a mouse model of scleroderma dermal fibrosis by inducing myofibroblast apoptosis. Using a BH3 profiling assay to assess mitochondrial priming in dermal fibroblasts derived from patients with scleroderma, we demonstrate that the extent of apoptosis induced by BH3 mimetic drugs correlates with the extent of their mitochondrial priming, indicating that BH3 profiling could predict apoptotic responses of fibroblasts to BH3 mimetic drugs in patients with scleroderma. Together, our findings elucidate the potential efficacy of targeting myofibroblast antiapoptotic proteins with BH3 mimetic drugs in scleroderma and other fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Lagares
- Fibrosis Research Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Alba Santos
- Fibrosis Research Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Paula E Grasberger
- Fibrosis Research Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clemens K Probst
- Fibrosis Research Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rod A Rahimi
- Fibrosis Research Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- Fibrosis Research Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Division of Blood Purification, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tobias Kuehl
- Fibrosis Research Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeremy Ryan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrick Bhola
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joan Montero
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and Department of Surgery and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murray Baron
- Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Anthony Letai
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew M Tager
- Fibrosis Research Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Waghorn PA, Jones CM, Rotile NJ, Koerner SK, Ferreira DS, Chen HH, Probst CK, Tager AM, Caravan P. Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lung Fibrogenesis with an Oxyamine‐Based Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Waghorn
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 149 13th Street, Suite 2301 Charlestown MA 02129 USA
| | - Chloe M. Jones
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 149 13th Street, Suite 2301 Charlestown MA 02129 USA
| | - Nicholas J. Rotile
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 149 13th Street, Suite 2301 Charlestown MA 02129 USA
| | - Steffi K. Koerner
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 149 13th Street, Suite 2301 Charlestown MA 02129 USA
| | - Diego S. Ferreira
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 149 13th Street, Suite 2301 Charlestown MA 02129 USA
| | - Howard H. Chen
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 149 13th Street, Suite 2301 Charlestown MA 02129 USA
| | - Clemens K. Probst
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Andrew M. Tager
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Peter Caravan
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 149 13th Street, Suite 2301 Charlestown MA 02129 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Waghorn PA, Jones CM, Rotile NJ, Koerner SK, Ferreira DS, Chen HH, Probst CK, Tager AM, Caravan P. Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lung Fibrogenesis with an Oxyamine-Based Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9825-9828. [PMID: 28677860 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibrogenesis is the active production of extracellular matrix in response to tissue injury. In many chronic diseases persistent fibrogenesis results in the accumulation of scar tissue, which can lead to organ failure and death. However, no non-invasive technique exists to assess this key biological process. All tissue fibrogenesis results in the formation of allysine, which enables collagen cross-linking and leads to tissue stiffening and scar formation. We report herein a novel allysine-binding gadolinium chelate (GdOA), that can non-invasively detect and quantify the extent of fibrogenesis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We demonstrate that GdOA signal enhancement correlates with the extent of the disease and is sensitive to a therapeutic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Waghorn
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Chloe M Jones
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Nicholas J Rotile
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Steffi K Koerner
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Diego S Ferreira
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Howard H Chen
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Clemens K Probst
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Andrew M Tager
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Peter Caravan
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Castelino FV, Bain G, Pace VA, Black KE, George L, Probst CK, Goulet L, Lafyatis R, Tager AM. An Autotaxin/Lysophosphatidic Acid/Interleukin-6 Amplification Loop Drives Scleroderma Fibrosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2964-2974. [PMID: 27390295 DOI: 10.1002/art.39797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously implicated the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) as having a role in dermal fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aim of this study was to identify the role of the LPA-producing enzyme autotaxin (ATX), and to connect the ATX/LPA and interleukin-6 (IL-6) pathways in SSc. METHODS We evaluated the effect of a novel ATX inhibitor, PAT-048, on fibrosis and IL-6 expression in the mouse model of bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis. We used dermal fibroblasts from SSc patients and control subjects to evaluate LPA-induced expression of IL-6, and IL-6-induced expression of ATX. We next evaluated whether LPA-induced ATX expression is dependent on IL-6, and whether baseline IL-6 expression in fibroblasts from SSc patients is dependent on ATX. Finally, we compared ATX and IL-6 expression in the skin of patients with SSc and healthy control subjects. RESULTS PAT-048 markedly attenuated bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis when treatment was initiated before or after the development of fibrosis. LPA stimulated expression of IL-6 in human dermal fibroblasts, and IL-6 stimulated fibroblast expression of ATX, connecting the ATX/LPA and IL-6 pathways in an amplification loop. IL-6 knockdown abrogated LPA-induced ATX expression in fibroblasts, and ATX inhibition attenuated IL-6 expression in fibroblasts and the skin of bleomycin-challenged mice. Expression of both ATX and IL-6 was increased in SSc skin, and LPA-induced IL-6 levels and IL-6-induced ATX levels were increased in fibroblasts from SSc patients compared with controls. CONCLUSION ATX is required for the development and maintenance of dermal fibrosis in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced SSc and enables 2 major mediators of SSc fibrogenesis, LPA and IL-6, to amplify the production of each other. Our results suggest that concurrent inhibition of these 2 pathways may be an effective therapeutic strategy for dermal fibrosis in SSc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia V Castelino
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Veronica A Pace
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katharine E Black
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leaya George
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clemens K Probst
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Andrew M Tager
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Funke M, Knudsen L, Lagares D, Ebener S, Probst CK, Fontaine BA, Franklin A, Kellner M, Kühnel M, Matthieu S, Grothausmann R, Chun J, Roberts JD, Ochs M, Tager AM. Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling through the Lysophosphatidic Acid-1 Receptor Is Required for Alveolarization. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:105-16. [PMID: 27082727 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0152oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling through one of its receptors, LPA1, contributes to both the development and the pathological remodeling after injury of many organs. Because we found previously that LPA-LPA1 signaling contributes to pulmonary fibrosis, here we investigated whether this pathway is also involved in lung development. Quantitative assessment of lung architecture of LPA1-deficient knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice at 3, 12, and 24 weeks of age using design-based stereology suggested the presence of an alveolarization defect in LPA1 KO mice at 3 weeks, which persisted as alveolar numbers increased in WT mice into adulthood. Across the ages examined, the lungs of LPA1 KO mice exhibited decreased alveolar numbers, septal tissue volumes, and surface areas, and increased volumes of the distal airspaces. Elastic fibers, critical to the development of alveolar septa, appeared less organized and condensed and more discontinuous in KO alveoli starting at P4. Tropoelastin messenger RNA expression was decreased in KO lungs, whereas expression of matrix metalloproteinases degrading elastic fibers was either decreased or unchanged. These results are consistent with the abnormal lung phenotype of LPA1 KO mice, being attributable to reduced alveolar septal formation during development, rather than to increased septal destruction as occurs in the emphysema of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Peripheral septal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which direct septation in late alveolarization, demonstrated reduced production of tropoelastin and matrix metalloproteinases, and diminished LPA-induced migration, when isolated from LPA1 KO mice. Taken together, our data suggest that LPA-LPA1 signaling is critically required for septation during alveolarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Funke
- 1 Departments of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital Berne, and.,2 Clinical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.,3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, and
| | - Lars Knudsen
- 4 Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - David Lagares
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, and
| | - Simone Ebener
- 1 Departments of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital Berne, and.,2 Clinical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Clemens K Probst
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, and
| | - Benjamin A Fontaine
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, and
| | - Alicia Franklin
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, and
| | - Manuela Kellner
- 4 Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Mark Kühnel
- 4 Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Stephanie Matthieu
- 4 Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Roman Grothausmann
- 4 Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Jerold Chun
- 5 Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Jesse D Roberts
- 6 Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthias Ochs
- 4 Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Andrew M Tager
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, and
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen HH, Waghorn PA, Wei L, Tapias LF, Schühle DT, Rotile NJ, Jones CM, Looby RJ, Zhao G, Elliott JM, Probst CK, Mino-Kenudson M, Lauwers GY, Tager AM, Tanabe KK, Lanuti M, Fuchs BC, Caravan P. Molecular imaging of oxidized collagen quantifies pulmonary and hepatic fibrogenesis. JCI Insight 2017; 2:91506. [PMID: 28570270 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis results from the dysregulation of tissue repair mechanisms affecting major organ systems, leading to chronic extracellular matrix buildup, and progressive, often fatal, organ failure. Current diagnosis relies on invasive biopsies. Noninvasive methods today cannot distinguish actively progressive fibrogenesis from stable scar, and thus are insensitive for monitoring disease activity or therapeutic responses. Collagen oxidation is a universal signature of active fibrogenesis that precedes collagen crosslinking. Biochemically targeting oxidized lysine residues formed by the action of lysyl oxidase on collagen with a small-molecule gadolinium chelate enables targeted molecular magnetic resonance imaging. This noninvasive direct biochemical elucidation of the fibrotic microenvironment specifically and robustly detected and staged pulmonary and hepatic fibrosis progression, and monitored therapeutic response in animal models. Furthermore, this paradigm is translatable and generally applicable to diverse fibroproliferative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Howard H Chen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology
| | - Philip A Waghorn
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology
| | - Lan Wei
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
| | | | - Daniel T Schühle
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology
| | - Nicholas J Rotile
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology
| | - Chloe M Jones
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology
| | - Richard J Looby
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology
| | | | | | - Clemens K Probst
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory Y Lauwers
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew M Tager
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | - Kenneth K Tanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
| | | | - Bryan C Fuchs
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shea BS, Probst CK, Brazee PL, Rotile NJ, Blasi F, Weinreb PH, Black KE, Sosnovik DE, Van Cott EM, Violette SM, Caravan P, Tager AM. Uncoupling of the profibrotic and hemostatic effects of thrombin in lung fibrosis. JCI Insight 2017; 2:86608. [PMID: 28469072 PMCID: PMC5414562 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic lung disease, most notably idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), is thought to result from aberrant wound-healing responses to repetitive lung injury. Increased vascular permeability is a cardinal response to tissue injury, but whether it is mechanistically linked to lung fibrosis is unknown. We previously described a model in which exaggeration of vascular leak after lung injury shifts the outcome of wound-healing responses from normal repair to pathological fibrosis. Here we report that the fibrosis produced in this model is highly dependent on thrombin activity and its downstream signaling pathways. Direct thrombin inhibition with dabigatran significantly inhibited protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) activation, integrin αvβ6 induction, TGF-β activation, and the development of pulmonary fibrosis in this vascular leak-dependent model. We used a potentially novel imaging method - ultashort echo time (UTE) lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the gadolinium-based, fibrin-specific probe EP-2104R - to directly visualize fibrin accumulation in injured mouse lungs, and to correlate the antifibrotic effects of dabigatran with attenuation of fibrin deposition. We found that inhibition of the profibrotic effects of thrombin can be uncoupled from inhibition of hemostasis, as therapeutic anticoagulation with warfarin failed to downregulate the PAR1/αvβ6/TGF-β axis or significantly protect against fibrosis. These findings have direct and important clinical implications, given recent findings that warfarin treatment is not beneficial in IPF, and the clinical availability of direct thrombin inhibitors that our data suggest could benefit these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry S. Shea
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | - Clemens K. Probst
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | - Patricia L. Brazee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | | | - Francesco Blasi
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology
| | | | - Katharine E. Black
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| | - David E. Sosnovik
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology
| | - Elizabeth M. Van Cott
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Peter Caravan
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology
| | - Andrew M. Tager
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Black KE, Berdyshev E, Bain G, Castelino FV, Shea BS, Probst CK, Fontaine BA, Bronova I, Goulet L, Lagares D, Ahluwalia N, Knipe RS, Natarajan V, Tager AM. Autotaxin activity increases locally following lung injury, but is not required for pulmonary lysophosphatidic acid production or fibrosis. FASEB J 2016; 30:2435-50. [PMID: 27006447 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500197r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an important mediator of pulmonary fibrosis. In blood and multiple tumor types, autotaxin produces LPA from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) via lysophospholipase D activity, but alternative enzymatic pathways also exist for LPA production. We examined the role of autotaxin (ATX) in pulmonary LPA production during fibrogenesis in a bleomycin mouse model. We found that bleomycin injury increases the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid levels of ATX protein 17-fold. However, the LPA and LPC species that increase in BAL of bleomycin-injured mice were discordant, inconsistent with a substrate-product relationship between LPC and LPA in pulmonary fibrosis. LPA species with longer chain polyunsaturated acyl groups predominated in BAL fluid after bleomycin injury, with 22:5 and 22:6 species accounting for 55 and 16% of the total, whereas the predominant BAL LPC species contained shorter chain, saturated acyl groups, with 16:0 and 18:0 species accounting for 56 and 14% of the total. Further, administration of the potent ATX inhibitor PAT-048 to bleomycin-challenged mice markedly decreased ATX activity systemically and in the lung, without effect on pulmonary LPA or fibrosis. Therefore, alternative ATX-independent pathways are likely responsible for local generation of LPA in the injured lung. These pathways will require identification to therapeutically target LPA production in pulmonary fibrosis.-Black, K. E., Berdyshev, E., Bain, G., Castelino, F. V., Shea, B. S., Probst, C. K., Fontaine, B. A., Bronova, I., Goulet, L., Lagares, D., Ahluwalia, N., Knipe, R. S., Natarajan, V., Tager, A. M. Autotaxin activity increases locally following lung injury, but is not required for pulmonary lysophosphatidic acid production or fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine E Black
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evgeny Berdyshev
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Flavia V Castelino
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barry S Shea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Clemens K Probst
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin A Fontaine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Irina Bronova
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - David Lagares
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neil Ahluwalia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachel S Knipe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew M Tager
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu F, Lagares D, Choi KM, Stopfer L, Marinković A, Vrbanac V, Probst CK, Hiemer SE, Sisson TH, Horowitz JC, Rosas IO, Fredenburgh LE, Feghali-Bostwick C, Varelas X, Tager AM, Tschumperlin DJ. Mechanosignaling through YAP and TAZ drives fibroblast activation and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 308:L344-57. [PMID: 25502501 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00300.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological fibrosis is driven by a feedback loop in which the fibrotic extracellular matrix is both a cause and consequence of fibroblast activation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. Here we identify yes-associated protein (YAP) (homolog of drosophila Yki) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) (also known as Wwtr1), transcriptional effectors of the Hippo pathway, as key matrix stiffness-regulated coordinators of fibroblast activation and matrix synthesis. YAP and TAZ are prominently expressed in fibrotic but not healthy lung tissue, with particularly pronounced nuclear expression of TAZ in spindle-shaped fibroblastic cells. In culture, both YAP and TAZ accumulate in the nuclei of fibroblasts grown on pathologically stiff matrices but not physiologically compliant matrices. Knockdown of YAP and TAZ together in vitro attenuates key fibroblast functions, including matrix synthesis, contraction, and proliferation, and does so exclusively on pathologically stiff matrices. Profibrotic effects of YAP and TAZ operate, in part, through their transcriptional target plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, which is regulated by matrix stiffness independent of transforming growth factor-β signaling. Immortalized fibroblasts conditionally expressing active YAP or TAZ mutant proteins overcome soft matrix limitations on growth and promote fibrosis when adoptively transferred to the murine lung, demonstrating the ability of fibroblast YAP/TAZ activation to drive a profibrotic response in vivo. Together, these results identify YAP and TAZ as mechanoactivated coordinators of the matrix-driven feedback loop that amplifies and sustains fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Lagares
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Kyoung Moo Choi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lauren Stopfer
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aleksandar Marinković
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vladimir Vrbanac
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Clemens K Probst
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Samantha E Hiemer
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas H Sisson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura E Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew M Tager
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Paul MJ, Terranova JI, Probst CK, Murray EK, Ismail NI, de Vries GJ. Sexually dimorphic role for vasopressin in the development of social play. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:58. [PMID: 24616675 PMCID: PMC3937588 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-established role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in adult social behavior, its role in social development is relatively unexplored. In this paper, we focus on the most prominent social behavior of juvenile rats, social play. Previous pharmacological experiments in our laboratory suggested that AVP regulates play in a sex- and brain region-specific manner in juvenile rats. Here we investigate the role of specific AVP systems in the emergence of social play. We first characterize the development of play in male and female Wistar rats and then ask whether the development of AVP mRNA expression correlates with the emergence of play. Unexpectedly, play emerged more rapidly in weanling-aged females than in males, resulting in a sex difference opposite of that typically reported for older, juvenile rats. AVP mRNA and play were correlated in males only, with a negative correlation in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and a positive correlation in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). These findings support the hypothesis that AVP acts differentially on multiple systems in a sex-specific manner to regulate social play and suggest a role for PVN and BNST AVP systems in the development of play. Differential neuropeptide regulation of male and female social development may underlie well-documented sex differences in incidence, progression, and symptom severity of behavioral disorders during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Paul
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Clemens K Probst
- Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Elaine K Murray
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, University of Ulster Ulster, UK
| | | | - Geert J de Vries
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|