1
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Wein S, Schemmer C, Al Enezy-Ulbrich MA, Jung SA, Rütten S, Kühnel M, Jonigk D, Jahnen-Dechent W, Pich A, Neuss S. Fibrin-Based Hydrogels with Reactive Amphiphilic Copolymers for Mechanical Adjustments Allow for Capillary Formation in 2D and 3D Environments. Gels 2024; 10:182. [PMID: 38534600 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on enhancing controllable fibrin-based hydrogels for tissue engineering, addressing existing weaknesses. By integrating a novel copolymer, we improved the foundation for cell-based angiogenesis with adaptable structural features. Tissue engineering often faces challenges like waste disposal and nutrient supply beyond the 200 µm diffusion limit. Angiogenesis breaks through this limitation, allowing the construction of larger constructs. Our innovative scaffold combination significantly boosts angiogenesis, resulting in longer branches and more capillary network junctions. The copolymer attached to fibrin fibers enables precise adjustment of hydrogel mechanical dynamic properties for specific applications. Our material proves effective for angiogenesis, even under suppression factors like suramin. In our study, we prepared fibrin-based hydrogels with and without the copolymer PVP12400-co-GMA10mol%. Using a co-culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), we analyzed angiogenetic behavior on and within the modified hydrogels. Capillary-like structures were reproducibly formed on different surfaces, demonstrating the general feasibility of three-dimensional endothelial cell networks in fibrin-based hydrogels. This highlights the biomaterial's suitability for in vitro pre-vascularization of biohybrid implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Wein
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carina Schemmer
- Chair for Laser Technology LLT, RWTH Aachen University, Steinbachstraße 15, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Aischa Al Enezy-Ulbrich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Shannon Anna Jung
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Rütten
- Electron Microscopic Facility, University Clinics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Jahnen-Dechent
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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2
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Streich C, Stein F, Jakobi J, Ingendoh-Tsakmakidis A, Heine N, Rehbock C, Winkel A, Grade S, Kühnel M, Migunov V, Kovács A, Knura T, Stiesch M, Sures B, Barcikowski S. The Origin of the Intracellular Silver in Bacteria: A Comprehensive Study using Targeting Gold-Silver Alloy Nanoparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2302084. [PMID: 37661312 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The bactericidal effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) against infectious strains of multiresistant bacteria is a well-studied phenomenon, highly relevant for many researchers and clinicians battling bacterial infections. However, little is known about the uptake of the Ag NPs into the bacteria, the related uptake mechanisms, and how they are connected to antimicrobial activity. Even less information is available on AgAu alloy NPs uptake. In this work, the interactions between colloidal silver-gold alloy nanoparticles (AgAu NPs) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) using advanced electron microscopy methods are studied. The localization of the nanoparticles is monitored on the membrane and inside the bacterial cells and the elemental compositions of intra- and extracellular nanoparticle species. The findings reveal the formation of pure silver nanoparticles with diameters smaller than 10 nm inside the bacteria, even though those particles are not present in the original colloid. This finding is explained by a local RElease PEnetration Reduction (REPER) mechanism of silver cations emitted from the AgAu nanoparticles, emphasized by the localization of the AgAu nanoparticles on the bacterial membrane by aptamer targeting ligands. These findings can deepen the understanding of the antimicrobial effect of nanosilver, where the microbes are defusing the attacking silver ions via their reduction, and aid in the development of suitable therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Streich
- University Duisburg-Essen, Technical Chemistry I, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Frederic Stein
- University Duisburg-Essen, Technical Chemistry I, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Jurij Jakobi
- University Duisburg-Essen, Technical Chemistry I, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Ingendoh-Tsakmakidis
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Heine
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Rehbock
- University Duisburg-Essen, Technical Chemistry I, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Winkel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Grade
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Kühnel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vadim Migunov
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - András Kovács
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Knura
- University Duisburg-Essen, Aquatic Ecology, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Sures
- University Duisburg-Essen, Aquatic Ecology, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- University Duisburg-Essen, Technical Chemistry I, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
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3
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Heydemann L, Ciurkiewicz M, Beythien G, Becker K, Schughart K, Stanelle-Bertram S, Schaumburg B, Mounogou-Kouassi N, Beck S, Zickler M, Kühnel M, Gabriel G, Beineke A, Baumgärtner W, Armando F. Hamster model for post-COVID-19 alveolar regeneration offers an opportunity to understand post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3267. [PMID: 37277327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 survivors often suffer from post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Current evidence suggests dysregulated alveolar regeneration as a possible explanation for respiratory PASC, which deserves further investigation in a suitable animal model. This study investigates morphological, phenotypical and transcriptomic features of alveolar regeneration in SARS-CoV-2 infected Syrian golden hamsters. We demonstrate that CK8+ alveolar differentiation intermediate (ADI) cells occur following SARS-CoV-2-induced diffuse alveolar damage. A subset of ADI cells shows nuclear accumulation of TP53 at 6- and 14-days post infection (dpi), indicating a prolonged arrest in the ADI state. Transcriptome data show high module scores for pathways involved in cell senescence, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis in cell clusters with high ADI gene expression. Moreover, we show that multipotent CK14+ airway basal cell progenitors migrate out of terminal bronchioles, aiding alveolar regeneration. At 14 dpi, ADI cells, peribronchiolar proliferates, M2-macrophages, and sub-pleural fibrosis are observed, indicating incomplete alveolar restoration. The results demonstrate that the hamster model reliably phenocopies indicators of a dysregulated alveolar regeneration of COVID-19 patients. The results provide important information on a translational COVID-19 model, which is crucial for its application in future research addressing pathomechanisms of PASC and in testing of prophylactic and therapeutic approaches for this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Heydemann
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg Beythien
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Becker
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Institute of Virology Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Berfin Schaumburg
- Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Leibniz Institute for Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nancy Mounogou-Kouassi
- Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Leibniz Institute for Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beck
- Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Leibniz Institute for Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Zickler
- Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Leibniz Institute for Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gülsah Gabriel
- Department for Viral Zoonoses-One Health, Leibniz Institute for Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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4
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Reichmann J, Verleden SE, Kühnel M, Kamp JC, Werlein C, Neubert L, Müller JH, Bui TQ, Ackermann M, Jonigk D, Salditt T. Human lung virtual histology by multi-scale x-ray phase-contrast computed tomography. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68. [PMID: 37167977 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acd48d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As the central organ of the respiratory system, the human lung is responsible for supplying oxygen to the blood, which reaches the erythrocytes by diffusion through the alveolar walls and is then distributed throughout the body. By exploiting the difference in electron density detected by a phase shift in soft tissue, high-resolution X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (XPCT) can resolve biological structures in a sub-μm range, shedding new light on the three-dimensional structure of the lungs, physiological functions and pathological mechanisms.

This work presents both synchrotron and laboratory XPCT results of postmortem tissue from autopsies and biopsies embedded with various preparation protocols such as precision-cut lung slices, cryogenically fixed lung tissue, as well as paraffin and alcohol fixed tissue. The selection of pathological abnormalities includes channel of Lambert, bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue, alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins. Subsequently, quantification and visualization approaches are presented.

The overall high image quality even of in-house XPCT scans for the case of FFPE biopsies can be exploited for a wide range of pulmonary pathologies and translated to dedicated and optimized instrumentation which could be operated in clinical setting. By using synchrotron radiation, contrast can be further increased to resolve sub-μm sized features down to the sub-cellular level. The results demonstrate that a wide range of preparation protocols including sample mounting in liquids can be used. 

With XPCT, poorly understood 3D structures can be identified in larger volume overview and subsequently studied in more detail at higher resolution. With the full 3D structure, the respective physiological functions of airways or vascular networks, and the different pathophysiologic mechanisms can be elucidated or at least underpinned with structural data. Moreover, synchrotron data can be used to validate laboratory protocols and provide ground truth for standardizing the method.

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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Reichmann
- University of Göttingen Institute for X-Ray Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, 37077, GERMANY
| | - Stijn E Verleden
- Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerpen, 2000, BELGIUM
| | - Mark Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Niedersachsen, 30625, GERMANY
| | - Jan C Kamp
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease , German Center for Lung Research, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, Niedersachsen, 30625, GERMANY
| | - Christopher Werlein
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Niedersachsen, 30625, GERMANY
| | - Lavinia Neubert
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Niedersachsen, 30625, GERMANY
| | - Jan-Hendrik Müller
- University of Göttingen Institute for X-Ray Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, 37077, GERMANY
| | - Thanh Quynh Bui
- University of Göttingen Institute for X-Ray Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, 37077, GERMANY
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Pathology and Department of Molecular Pathology, HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal, Heusnerstraße 40, Wuppertal, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 42283, GERMANY
| | - Danny Jonigk
- RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 52074, GERMANY
| | - Tim Salditt
- University of Göttingen Institute for X-Ray Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, 37077, GERMANY
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5
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Meineke R, Stelz S, Busch M, Werlein C, Kühnel M, Jonigk D, Rimmelzwaan GF, Elbahesh H. FDA-Approved Abl/EGFR/PDGFR Kinase Inhibitors Show Potent Efficacy Against Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza A Virus infections of human lung explants. iScience 2023; 26:106309. [PMID: 36968089 PMCID: PMC10034449 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses (IVs) cause substantial global morbidity and mortality. Given the limited range of licensed antiviral drugs and their reduced efficacy due to resistance mutations, repurposing FDA-approved kinase inhibitors as fast-tracked host-targeted antivirals is an attractive strategy. We identified six FDA-approved non-receptor tyrosine kinase-inhibitors (NRTKIs) as potent inhibitors of viral replication of pandemic and seasonal IVs in vitro. We validated their efficacy in a biologically and clinically relevant ex vivo model of human precision-cut lung slices. We identified steps of the virus infection cycle affected by these inhibitors and assessed their effect(s) on host responses. Their overlapping targets suggest crosstalk between Abl, EGFR, and PDGFR pathways during IAV infection. Our data and established safety profiles of these NRTKIs provide compelling evidence for further clinical investigations and repurposing as host-targeted influenza antivirals. Moreover, these NRTKIs have broad-spectrum antiviral potential given that their kinase/pathway targets are critical for the replication of many viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Meineke
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Stelz
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Busch
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher Werlein
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Kühnel
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Corresponding author
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6
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Meineke R, Stelz S, Busch M, Werlein C, Kühnel M, Jonigk D, Rimmelzwaan GF, Elbahesh H. FDA-Approved Inhibitors of RTK/Raf Signaling Potently Impair Multiple Steps of In Vitro and Ex Vivo Influenza A Virus Infections. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092058. [PMID: 36146864 PMCID: PMC9504178 DOI: 10.3390/v14092058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus (IV) infections pose a burden on global public health with significant morbidity and mortality. The limited range of currently licensed IV antiviral drugs is susceptible to the rapid rise of resistant viruses. In contrast, FDA-approved kinase inhibitors can be repurposed as fast-tracked host-targeted antivirals with a higher barrier of resistance. Extending our recent studies, we screened 21 FDA-approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) and identified seven candidates as potent inhibitors of pandemic and seasonal IV infections. These SMKIs were further validated in a biologically and clinically relevant ex vivo model of human precision-cut lung slices. We identified steps of the virus infection cycle affected by these inhibitors (entry, replication, egress) and found that most SMKIs affected both entry and egress. Based on defined and overlapping targets of these inhibitors, the candidate SMKIs target receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-mediated activation of Raf/MEK/ERK pathways to limit influenza A virus infection. Our data and the established safety profiles of these SMKIs support further clinical investigations and repurposing of these SMKIs as host-targeted influenza therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Meineke
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Stelz
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Busch
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher Werlein
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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7
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Schipke J, Kuhlmann S, Hegermann J, Fassbender S, Kühnel M, Jonigk D, Mühlfeld C. Lipofibroblasts in Structurally Normal, Fibrotic, and Emphysematous Human Lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:227-230. [PMID: 34015242 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202101-0043le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schipke
- Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jan Hegermann
- Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Mark Kühnel
- Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover, Germany
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8
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Eckermann M, Frohn J, Reichardt M, Osterhoff M, Sprung M, Westermeier F, Tzankov A, Werlein C, Kühnel M, Jonigk D, Salditt T. 3D virtual pathohistology of lung tissue from Covid-19 patients based on phase contrast X-ray tomography. eLife 2020; 9:e60408. [PMID: 32815517 PMCID: PMC7473770 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a three-dimensional (3D) approach for virtual histology and histopathology based on multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography, and use this to investigate the parenchymal architecture of unstained lung tissue from patients who succumbed to Covid-19. Based on this first proof-of-concept study, we propose multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography as a tool to unravel the pathophysiology of Covid-19, extending conventional histology by a third dimension and allowing for full quantification of tissue remodeling. By combining parallel and cone beam geometry, autopsy samples with a maximum cross section of 8 mm are scanned and reconstructed at a resolution and image quality, which allows for the segmentation of individual cells. Using the zoom capability of the cone beam geometry, regions-of-interest are reconstructed with a minimum voxel size of 167 nm. We exemplify the capability of this approach by 3D visualization of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) with its prominent hyaline membrane formation, by mapping the 3D distribution and density of lymphocytes infiltrating the tissue, and by providing histograms of characteristic distances from tissue interior to the closest air compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Eckermann
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-UniversitätGöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Jasper Frohn
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-UniversitätGöttingenGermany
| | - Marius Reichardt
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-UniversitätGöttingenGermany
| | - Markus Osterhoff
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-UniversitätGöttingenGermany
| | | | | | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Pathologie, Universitätsspital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Christopher Werlein
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)HannoverGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL)Hannover (BREATH)Germany
| | - Mark Kühnel
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)HannoverGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL)Hannover (BREATH)Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)HannoverGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL)Hannover (BREATH)Germany
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-UniversitätGöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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9
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Figueiredo C, Carvalho Oliveira M, Chen-Wacker C, Jansson K, Höffler K, Yuzefovych Y, Pogozhykh O, Jin Z, Kühnel M, Jonigk D, Wiegmann B, Sommer W, Haverich A, Warnecke G, Blasczyk R. Immunoengineering of the Vascular Endothelium to Silence MHC Expression During Normothermic Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:485-496. [PMID: 30261752 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disparities at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and associated minor antigens trigger harmful immune responses, leading to graft rejection after transplantation. We showed that MHC-silenced cells and tissues are efficiently protected against rejection. In complex vascularized organs, the endothelium is the major interface between donor and recipient. This study therefore aimed to reduce the immunogenicity of the lung by silencing MHC expression on the endothelium. In porcine lungs, short-hairpin RNAs targeting beta-2-microglobulin and class II-transactivator transcripts were delivered by lentiviral vectors during normothermic ex vivo perfusion to silence swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) I and II expression permanently. The results demonstrated the feasibility of genetically engineering all lung regions, achieving a targeted silencing effect for SLA I and II of 67% and 52%, respectively, without affecting cell viability or tissue integrity. This decrease in immunogenicity carries the potential to generate immunologically invisible organs to counteract the burden of rejection and immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanca Figueiredo
- 1 Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 Excellence Cluster From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy-REBIRTH , Hanover, Germany.,3 Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 127 , Hanover, Germany
| | - Marco Carvalho Oliveira
- 1 Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,3 Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 127 , Hanover, Germany
| | - Chen Chen-Wacker
- 1 Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 Excellence Cluster From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy-REBIRTH , Hanover, Germany
| | - Katharina Jansson
- 4 Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,5 German Center for Lung Research , BREATH site, Hanover, Germany
| | - Klaus Höffler
- 4 Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yuliia Yuzefovych
- 1 Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 Excellence Cluster From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy-REBIRTH , Hanover, Germany
| | - Olena Pogozhykh
- 1 Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 Excellence Cluster From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy-REBIRTH , Hanover, Germany
| | - Zhu Jin
- 1 Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 Excellence Cluster From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy-REBIRTH , Hanover, Germany
| | - Mark Kühnel
- 5 German Center for Lung Research , BREATH site, Hanover, Germany .,6 Institute for Pathology , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- 5 German Center for Lung Research , BREATH site, Hanover, Germany .,6 Institute for Pathology , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Wiegmann
- 4 Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,5 German Center for Lung Research , BREATH site, Hanover, Germany
| | - Wiebke Sommer
- 4 Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,5 German Center for Lung Research , BREATH site, Hanover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- 2 Excellence Cluster From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy-REBIRTH , Hanover, Germany.,3 Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 127 , Hanover, Germany.,4 Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,5 German Center for Lung Research , BREATH site, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- 4 Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,5 German Center for Lung Research , BREATH site, Hanover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- 1 Institute of Transfusion Medicine , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 Excellence Cluster From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy-REBIRTH , Hanover, Germany.,3 Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 127 , Hanover, Germany
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10
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Funke M, Knudsen L, Lagares D, Ebener S, Probst CK, Fontaine BA, Franklin A, Kellner M, Kühnel M, Matthieu S, Grothausmann R, Chun J, Roberts JD, Ochs M, Tager AM. Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling through the Lysophosphatidic Acid-1 Receptor Is Required for Alveolarization. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:105-16. [PMID: 27082727 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0152oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling through one of its receptors, LPA1, contributes to both the development and the pathological remodeling after injury of many organs. Because we found previously that LPA-LPA1 signaling contributes to pulmonary fibrosis, here we investigated whether this pathway is also involved in lung development. Quantitative assessment of lung architecture of LPA1-deficient knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice at 3, 12, and 24 weeks of age using design-based stereology suggested the presence of an alveolarization defect in LPA1 KO mice at 3 weeks, which persisted as alveolar numbers increased in WT mice into adulthood. Across the ages examined, the lungs of LPA1 KO mice exhibited decreased alveolar numbers, septal tissue volumes, and surface areas, and increased volumes of the distal airspaces. Elastic fibers, critical to the development of alveolar septa, appeared less organized and condensed and more discontinuous in KO alveoli starting at P4. Tropoelastin messenger RNA expression was decreased in KO lungs, whereas expression of matrix metalloproteinases degrading elastic fibers was either decreased or unchanged. These results are consistent with the abnormal lung phenotype of LPA1 KO mice, being attributable to reduced alveolar septal formation during development, rather than to increased septal destruction as occurs in the emphysema of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Peripheral septal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which direct septation in late alveolarization, demonstrated reduced production of tropoelastin and matrix metalloproteinases, and diminished LPA-induced migration, when isolated from LPA1 KO mice. Taken together, our data suggest that LPA-LPA1 signaling is critically required for septation during alveolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Funke
- 1 Departments of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital Berne, and.,2 Clinical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.,3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, and
| | - Lars Knudsen
- 4 Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - David Lagares
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, and
| | - Simone Ebener
- 1 Departments of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital Berne, and.,2 Clinical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Clemens K Probst
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, and
| | - Benjamin A Fontaine
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, and
| | - Alicia Franklin
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, and
| | - Manuela Kellner
- 4 Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Mark Kühnel
- 4 Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Stephanie Matthieu
- 4 Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Roman Grothausmann
- 4 Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Jerold Chun
- 5 Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Jesse D Roberts
- 6 Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthias Ochs
- 4 Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Andrew M Tager
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, and
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11
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Jonigk D, Mägel L, Mitschke K, Braubach P, Golpon H, Welte T, Janciauskiene S, Gottlieb J, Eder M, Stadler M, Warnecke G, Haverich A, Kreipe H, Kühnel M, Länger F. Similar molecular subtypes of lung injury patterns in interstitial lung disease, stem cell and lung transplantation. Pneumologie 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (Mhh)
| | - L Mägel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (Mhh)
| | - K Mitschke
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (Mhh)
| | - P Braubach
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (Mhh)
| | - H Golpon
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School (Mhh)
| | - T Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School (Mhh)
| | - S Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School (Mhh)
| | - J Gottlieb
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School (Mhh)
| | - M Eder
- Department of Hematology, Hannover Medical School (Mhh)
| | - M Stadler
- Department of Hematology, Hannover Medical School (Mhh)
| | - G Warnecke
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hannover Medical School (Mhh)
| | - A Haverich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hannover Medical School (Mhh)
| | - H Kreipe
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (Mhh)
| | - M Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (Mhh)
| | - F Länger
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (Mhh)
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12
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Koscielny A, Kühnel M, Verrel F, Kalff JC. [Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - Results and Prognostic Factors at a Certified Centre of Vascular Surgery]. Zentralbl Chir 2016; 141:510-517. [PMID: 27135863 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-105519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Although the perioperative management has been optimised over the past few decades, there has not been a remarkable improvement in the mortality rates of patients with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA). The aim of this retrospective trial was to define pre-, intra- and postoperative parameters which influence the perioperative and long-term outcome of patients and which can be modified by the operating team. Methods: A retrospective database analysis was performed in 49 patients who had undergone an operation of rAAA in our certified centre of vascular surgery between the beginning of 2006 and the end of 2012. The minimal follow-up period was 30 months. The statistical analysis was done univariately using the Kaplan-Meier method and a log-rank-test, and multivariately with the Cox model. Results: Intrahospital mortality was 40.8 %, perioperative mortality (30 postoperative days) was 28.9 %. The survival rate for 1 year was 52.4 %; the survival rate for 5 years was 45.3 %. In the univariate analysis, significant differences in the early postoperative survival rates were found depending on preoperative systolic blood pressure, preoperative haemoglobin (< 10 vs. ≥ 10 g/dl), the intraoperative need of blood and frozen plasma transfusions, type of perforation, type of AAA, the need for further surgical interventions, postoperative MOF, acute kidney failure and postoperative septicaemia. The late survival rates were significantly influenced by the type of perforation and AAA, pre-existing coronary disease and diabetes mellitus in fully identified patients discharged from hospital (n = 27). In the multivariate analysis pursuant to the Cox model, patients with pre-existing coronary disease had a 3.9-fold higher relative risk to die after the operation of rAAA, while patients with a free perforation of the rAA had a 10-fold higher relative risk. Conclusion: The high mortality of rAAA is caused by haemorrhagic shock and its complications, which are mostly non-surgical. Therapeutic efforts should focus on those perioperative parameters which can be modified by the treating teams. Alongside the centralisation of rAAA in high-volume-departments of vascular surgery, the systematic sonographic screening for asymptomatic AAA in the population older than 65 years should be enforced. A possible advantage of EVAR in rAAA has yet to be shown by trials in progress such as IMPROVE, AJAX and RCAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koscielny
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland
| | - M Kühnel
- Innere Medizin/Kardiologie, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Bonn, Deutschland
| | - F Verrel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland
| | - J C Kalff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland
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13
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Dupont A, Sommer F, Zhang K, Repnik U, Basic M, Bleich A, Kühnel M, Bäckhed F, Litvak Y, Fulde M, Rosenshine I, Hornef MW. Age-Dependent Susceptibility to Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) Infection in Mice. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005616. [PMID: 27159323 PMCID: PMC4861285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) represents a major causative agent of infant diarrhea associated with significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Although studied extensively in vitro, the investigation of the host-pathogen interaction in vivo has been hampered by the lack of a suitable small animal model. Using RT-PCR and global transcriptome analysis, high throughput 16S rDNA sequencing as well as immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, we characterize the EPEC-host interaction following oral challenge of newborn mice. Spontaneous colonization of the small intestine and colon of neonate mice that lasted until weaning was observed. Intimate attachment to the epithelial plasma membrane and microcolony formation were visualized only in the presence of a functional bundle forming pili (BFP) and type III secretion system (T3SS). Similarly, a T3SS-dependent EPEC-induced innate immune response, mediated via MyD88, TLR5 and TLR9 led to the induction of a distinct set of genes in infected intestinal epithelial cells. Infection-induced alterations of the microbiota composition remained restricted to the postnatal period. Although EPEC colonized the adult intestine in the absence of a competing microbiota, no microcolonies were observed at the small intestinal epithelium. Here, we introduce the first suitable mouse infection model and describe an age-dependent, virulence factor-dependent attachment of EPEC to enterocytes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dupont
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (AD); (MWH)
| | - Felix Sommer
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaiyi Zhang
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Urska Repnik
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Kühnel
- Institute for Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yael Litvak
- Department for Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marcus Fulde
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ilan Rosenshine
- Department for Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mathias W. Hornef
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (AD); (MWH)
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14
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Jonigk D, Izykowski N, Rische J, Braubach P, Kühnel M, Warnecke G, Lippmann T, Kreipe H, Haverich A, Welte T, Gottlieb J, Laenger F. Molecular Profiling in Lung Biopsies of Human Pulmonary Allografts to Predict Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction. Am J Pathol 2015; 185:3178-88. [PMID: 26476349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the main reason for poor long-term outcome of lung transplantation, with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) representing the predominant pathological feature. BO is defined as a progressive fibrous obliteration of the small airways, thought to be triggered by a combination of nonimmune bronchial injury and alloimmune and autoimmune mechanisms. Because biopsy samples are too insensitive to reliably detect BO and a decline in lung function test results, which is clinically used to define CLAD, does not detect early stages, there is need for alternative biomarkers for early diagnosis. Herein, we analyzed the cellular composition and differential expression of 45 tissue remodeling-associated genes in transbronchial lung biopsy specimens from two cohorts with 18 patients each: patients who did not develop CLAD within 3 years after transplantation (48 biopsy specimens) and patients rapidly developing CLAD within the first 3 postoperative years (57 biopsy specimens). Integrating the mRNA expression levels of the five most significantly dysregulated genes from the transforming growth factor-β axis (BMP4, IL6, MMP1, SMAD1, and THBS1) into a score, patient groups could be confidently separated and the outcome predicted (P < 0.001). We conclude that overexpression of fibrosis-associated genes may be valuable as a tissue-based molecular biomarker to more accurately diagnose or predict the development of CLAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease, the Hanover Division of the German Center for Lung Research, Gießen, Germany.
| | - Nicole Izykowski
- Institute of Pathology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Johanna Rische
- Institute of Pathology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute of Pathology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mark Kühnel
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease, the Hanover Division of the German Center for Lung Research, Gießen, Germany; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Torsten Lippmann
- Institute of Pathology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Hans Kreipe
- Institute of Pathology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease, the Hanover Division of the German Center for Lung Research, Gießen, Germany; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease, the Hanover Division of the German Center for Lung Research, Gießen, Germany; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jens Gottlieb
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease, the Hanover Division of the German Center for Lung Research, Gießen, Germany; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Florian Laenger
- Institute of Pathology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease, the Hanover Division of the German Center for Lung Research, Gießen, Germany
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15
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Kühnel M, Fernández JM, Tramonto F, Tejeda G, Moreno E, Kalinin A, Nava M, Galli DE, Montero S, Grisenti RE. Mixing effects in the crystallization of supercooled quantum binary liquids. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:064504. [PMID: 26277142 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By means of Raman spectroscopy of liquid microjets, we have investigated the crystallization process of supercooled quantum liquid mixtures composed of parahydrogen (pH2) or orthodeuterium (oD2) diluted with small amounts of neon. We show that the introduction of the Ne impurities affects the crystallization kinetics in terms of a significant reduction of the measured pH2 and oD2 crystal growth rates, similarly to what found in our previous work on supercooled pH2-oD2 liquid mixtures [Kühnel et al., Phys. Rev. B 89, 180201(R) (2014)]. Our experimental results, in combination with path-integral simulations of the supercooled liquid mixtures, suggest in particular a correlation between the measured growth rates and the ratio of the effective particle sizes originating from quantum delocalization effects. We further show that the crystalline structure of the mixtures is also affected to a large extent by the presence of the Ne impurities, which likely initiate the freezing process through the formation of Ne-rich crystallites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kühnel
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J M Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Tramonto
- Laboratorio di Calcolo Parallelo e di Simulazioni di Materia Condensata, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Tejeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Moreno
- Laboratory of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Kalinin
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Nava
- Laboratorio di Calcolo Parallelo e di Simulazioni di Materia Condensata, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D E Galli
- Laboratorio di Calcolo Parallelo e di Simulazioni di Materia Condensata, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S Montero
- Laboratory of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - R E Grisenti
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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16
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Zhang K, Dupont A, Torow N, Gohde F, Leschner S, Lienenklaus S, Weiss S, Brinkmann MM, Kühnel M, Hensel M, Fulde M, Hornef MW. Age-dependent enterocyte invasion and microcolony formation by Salmonella. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004385. [PMID: 25210785 PMCID: PMC4161480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated action of a variety of virulence factors allows Salmonella enterica to invade epithelial cells and penetrate the mucosal barrier. The influence of the age-dependent maturation of the mucosal barrier for microbial pathogenesis has not been investigated. Here, we analyzed Salmonella infection of neonate mice after oral administration. In contrast to the situation in adult animals, we observed spontaneous colonization, massive invasion of enteroabsorptive cells, intraepithelial proliferation and the formation of large intraepithelial microcolonies. Mucosal translocation was dependent on enterocyte invasion in neonates in the absence of microfold (M) cells. It further resulted in potent innate immune stimulation in the absence of pronounced neutrophil-dominated pathology. Our results identify factors of age-dependent host susceptibility and provide important insight in the early steps of Salmonella infection in vivo. We also present a new small animal model amenable to genetic manipulation of the host for the analysis of the Salmonella enterocyte interaction in vivo. Non-typhoidal Salmonella are among of the most prevalent causative agents of infectious diarrheal disease worldwide but also very significantly contribute to infant sepsis and meningitis particularly in developing countries. The underlying mechanisms of the elevated susceptibility of the infant host to systemic Salmonella infection have not been investigated. Here we analyzed age-dependent differences in the colonization, mucosal translocation and systemic spread in a murine oral infection model. We observed efficient entry of Salmonella in intestinal epithelial cells of newborn mice. Enterocyte invasion was followed by massive bacterial proliferation and the formation of large intraepithelial bacterial colonies. Intraepithelial, but not non-invasive, extracellular Salmonella induced a potent immune stimulation. Also, enterocyte invasion was required for translocation through the mucosal barrier and spread of Salmonella to systemic organs. This requirement was due to the absence of M cells, specialized epithelial cells that forward luminal antigen to the underlying immune cells, in the neonate host. Our results identify age-dependent factors of host susceptibility and illustrate the initial phase of Salmonella infection. They further present a new small animal model amenable to genetic manipulation to investigate the interaction of this pathogen with epithelial cells and characterize the early steps in Salmonella pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Zhang
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Aline Dupont
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia Torow
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fredrik Gohde
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sara Leschner
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Melanie M. Brinkmann
- Department of Viral Immune Modulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mark Kühnel
- Centre for Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Marcus Fulde
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (MF); (MWH)
| | - Mathias W. Hornef
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (MF); (MWH)
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17
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Wehling J, Kellner M, Izykowski N, Braubach P, Warnecke G, Knudsen L, Haverich A, Wiegmann B, Vogel-Claussen J, Kreipe H, Länger F, Kühnel M, Jonigk D. Integrative molecular and anatomical characterization of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1376804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Hegermann J, Kühnel M, Kellner M, Wrede C, Ochs M. Correlative three-dimensional observation of lung tissue by different tomographic methods. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1376831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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20
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Costa Fraga RA, Kalinin A, Kühnel M, Hochhaus DC, Schottelius A, Polz J, Kaluza MC, Neumayer P, Grisenti RE. Compact cryogenic source of periodic hydrogen and argon droplet beams for relativistic laser-plasma generation. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:025102. [PMID: 22380120 DOI: 10.1063/1.3681940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a cryogenic source of periodic streams of micrometer-sized hydrogen and argon droplets as ideal mass-limited target systems for fundamental intense laser-driven plasma applications. The highly compact design combined with a high temporal and spatial droplet stability makes our injector ideally suited for experiments using state-of-the-art high-power lasers in which a precise synchronization between the laser pulses and the droplets is mandatory. We show this by irradiating argon droplets with multi-terawatt pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Costa Fraga
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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21
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Havermeier T, Jahnke T, Kreidi K, Wallauer R, Voss S, Schöffler M, Schössler S, Foucar L, Neumann N, Titze J, Sann H, Kühnel M, Voigtsberger J, Malakzadeh A, Sisourat N, Schöllkopf W, Schmidt-Böcking H, Grisenti RE, Dörner R. Single photon double ionization of the helium dimer. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:153401. [PMID: 20481987 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.153401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We show that a single photon can ionize the two helium atoms of the helium dimer in a distance up to 10 A. The energy sharing among the electrons, the angular distributions of the ions and electrons, as well as comparison with electron impact data for helium atoms suggest a knockoff type double ionization process. The Coulomb explosion imaging of He2 provides a direct view of the nuclear wave function of this by far most extended and most diffuse of all naturally existing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Havermeier
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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22
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Havermeier T, Jahnke T, Kreidi K, Wallauer R, Voss S, Schöffler M, Schössler S, Foucar L, Neumann N, Titze J, Sann H, Kühnel M, Voigtsberger J, Morilla JH, Schöllkopf W, Schmidt-Böcking H, Grisenti RE, Dörner R. Interatomic Coulombic decay following photoionization of the helium dimer: observation of vibrational structure. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:133401. [PMID: 20481883 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.133401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Using synchrotron radiation we simultaneously ionize and excite one helium atom of a helium dimer (He2) in a shakeup process. The populated states of the dimer ion [i.e., He(*+)(n = 2, 3) - He] are found to deexcite via interatomic Coulombic decay. This leads to the emission of a second electron from the neutral site and a subsequent Coulomb explosion. In this Letter we present a measurement of the momenta of fragments that are created during this reaction. The electron energy distribution and the kinetic energy release of the two He+ ions show pronounced oscillations which we attribute to the structure of the vibrational wave function of the dimer ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Havermeier
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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23
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Kühnel M, Mayorga LS, Dandekar T, Thakar J, Schwarz R, Anes E, Griffiths G, Reich J. Modelling phagosomal lipid networks that regulate actin assembly. BMC Syst Biol 2008; 2:107. [PMID: 19061496 PMCID: PMC2628873 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-2-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background When purified phagosomes are incubated in the presence of actin under appropriate conditions, microfilaments start growing from the membrane in a process that is affected by ATP and the lipid composition of the membrane. Isolated phagosomes are metabolically active organelles that contain enzymes and metabolites necessary for lipid interconversion. Hence, addition of ATP, lipids, and actin to the system alter the steady-state composition of the phagosomal membrane at the same time that the actin nucleation is initiated. Our aim was to model all these processes in parallel. Results We compiled detailed experimental data on the effects of different lipids and ATP on actin nucleation and we investigated experimentally lipid interconversion and ATP metabolism in phagosomes by using suitable radioactive compounds. In a first step, a complex lipid network interconnected by chemical reactions catalyzed by known enzymes was modelled in COPASI (Complex Pathway Simulator). However, several lines of experimental evidence indicated that only the phosphatidylinositol branch of the network was active, an observation that dramatically reduced the number of parameters in the model. The results also indicated that a lipid network-independent ATP-consuming activity should be included in the model. When this activity was introduced, the set of differential equations satisfactorily reproduced the experimental data. On the other hand, a molecular mechanism connecting membrane lipids, ATP, and the actin nucleation process is still missing. We therefore adopted a phenomenological (black-box) approach to represent the empirical observations. We proposed that lipids and ATP influence the dynamic interconversion between active and inactive actin nucleation sites. With this simple model, all the experimental data were satisfactorily fitted with a single positive parameter per lipid and ATP. Conclusion By establishing an active 'dialogue' between an initial complex model and experimental observations, we could narrow the set of differential equations and parameters required to characterize the time-dependent changes of metabolites influencing actin nucleation on phagosomes. For this, the global model was dissected into three sub-models: ATP consumption, lipid interconversion, and nucleation of actin on phagosomal membranes. This scheme allowed us to describe this complex system with a relatively small set of differential equations and kinetic parameters that satisfactorily reproduced the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kühnel
- EMBL, Postfach 102209, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Schwarz R, Liang C, Kaleta C, Kühnel M, Hoffmann E, Kuznetsov S, Hecker M, Griffiths G, Schuster S, Dandekar T. Integrated network reconstruction, visualization and analysis using YANAsquare. BMC Bioinformatics 2007; 8:313. [PMID: 17725829 PMCID: PMC2020486 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-8-313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Modeling of metabolic networks includes tasks such as network assembly, network overview, calculation of metabolic fluxes and testing the robustness of the network. Results YANAsquare provides a software framework for rapid network assembly (flexible pathway browser with local or remote operation mode), network overview (visualization routine and YANAsquare editor) and network performance analysis (calculation of flux modes as well as target and robustness tests). YANAsquare comes as an easy-to-setup program package in Java. It is fully compatible and integrates the programs YANA (translation of gene expression values into flux distributions, metabolite network dissection) and Metatool (elementary mode calculation). As application examples we set-up and model the phospholipid network in the phagosome and genome-scale metabolic maps of S.aureus, S.epidermidis and S.saprophyticus as well as test their robustness against enzyme impairment. Conclusion YANAsquare is an application software for rapid setup, visualization and analysis of small, larger and genome-scale metabolic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schwarz
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter Am Hubland, D-97074 University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chunguang Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter Am Hubland, D-97074 University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kaleta
- Bio Systems Analysis Group, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Mark Kühnel
- Cell Biology Program, EMBL Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eik Hoffmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Biosystems Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18059 University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergei Kuznetsov
- Department of Cell Biology and Biosystems Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18059 University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Hecker
- Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, D-17487 University of Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Schuster
- Department of Bioinformatics, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, D-07743 University of Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter Am Hubland, D-97074 University of Würzburg, Germany
- Structural and Computational Biology, EMBL Heidelberg, Germany
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Treede I, Braun A, Sparla R, Kühnel M, Giese T, Turner JR, Anes E, Kulaksiz H, Füllekrug J, Stremmel W, Griffiths G, Ehehalt R. Anti-inflammatory effects of phosphatidylcholine. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:27155-27164. [PMID: 17636253 PMCID: PMC2693065 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704408200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that mucus from patients with ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon, is characterized by a low level of phosphatidylcholine (PC) while clinical studies reveal that therapeutic addition of PC using slow release preparations is beneficial. The positive role of PC in this disease is still elusive. Here we tested the hypothesis that exogenous application of PC has anti-inflammatory properties using three model systems. First, human Caco-2 cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) to induce a pro-inflammatory response via activation of NF-kappaB. Second, latex bead phagosomes were analyzed for their ability to assemble actin in vitro, a process linked to pro-inflammatory signaling and correlating with the growth versus killing of mycobacteria in macrophages. The third system used was the rapid assembly of plasma membrane actin in macrophages in response to sphingosine 1-phosphate. TNF-alpha induced a pro-inflammatory response in Caco-2 cells, including 1) assembly of plasma membrane actin; 2) activation of both MAPKs ERK and p38; 3) transport of NF-kappaB subunits to the nucleus; and 4) subsequent up-regulation of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory gene products. Exogenous addition of most PCs tested significantly inhibited these processes. Other phospholipids like sphingomyelin or phosphatidylethanolamine showed no effects in these assays. PC also inhibited latex bead phagosome actin assembly, the killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages, and the sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced actin assembly in macrophages. TNF-alpha induces the activation of signaling molecules and the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in human intestinal cells. Exogenous application of PC blocks pro-inflammatory signaling in Caco-2 cells, in phagosomes in vitro and facilitates intracellular survival of mycobacteria. We provide further evidence that actin assembly by membranes is part of the pro-inflammatory response. Collectively, these results provide a molecular foundation for the clinical studies showing a beneficial effect of PC therapy in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Treede
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 345, Heidelberg 69120, Germany, the; Cell Biology Program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Postfach 102209, Heidelberg 69117, Germany, the
| | - Annika Braun
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 345, Heidelberg 69120, Germany, the
| | - Richard Sparla
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 345, Heidelberg 69120, Germany, the
| | - Mark Kühnel
- Cell Biology Program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Postfach 102209, Heidelberg 69117, Germany, the
| | - Thomas Giese
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, Heidelberg 69120, Germany, the
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, MC-1089, 60637 Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elsa Anes
- Unidade dos Retrovirus e Infeccdoas Associades(URIA)-Molecular Pathogenesis Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, av. das Forcas Armadas, Lisbon 1600-083, Portugal, and the
| | - Hasan Kulaksiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 345, Heidelberg 69120, Germany, the
| | - Joachim Füllekrug
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 345, Heidelberg 69120, Germany, the
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 345, Heidelberg 69120, Germany, the
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Cell Biology Program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Postfach 102209, Heidelberg 69117, Germany, the
| | - Robert Ehehalt
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 345, Heidelberg 69120, Germany, the.
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