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López-Solis AD, Janich AJ, Solis-Santoyo F, Ordóñez-González JG, Fuentes-Maldonado G, Saavedra-Rodríguez K, Villarreal-Treviño C, Black Iv WC, Rodríguez AD, Penilla-Navarro RP. Evaluation of commercial aerosol insecticides for control of Aedes aegypti susceptible or resistant to pyrethroids. Salud Publica Mex 2023; 65:151-159. [PMID: 38060852 DOI: 10.21149/14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate indoor use of commercial aerosols for dengue vector mosquito control, and estimate the number of treatable houses per can. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four aerosol products containing combinations of pyrethroids (two containing propoxur and one containing synergists too), were evaluated with mosquitoes in a room of a Tapachulastyle house. Eight cages containing 20 insecticide susceptible or resistant females were hung from tripods, another set was placed in sheltered areas of the room. From the entrance of the room, one of 4-9 concentrations was sprayed for each aerosol, leaving the mosquitoes for 30 min after sprayed. Mortality was recorded after 24 h and lethal concentrations were calculated. RESULTS Aerosol A had the highest LC50, with 0.308 g for mosquitoes hanging from tripods and 0.453 g for sheltered mosquitoes; followed by aerosols C, D and B, with statistical differences between types of exposure. CONCLUSIONS Aerosols B-D could spray 20-25 3-room houses (56 m3-room), killing all resistant mosquitoes. Aerosols may become a good tool for indoor mosquito control, if the optimal concentration and correct spray method are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Delia López-Solis
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico..
| | - Ashley J Janich
- Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Arthropod Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory. Fort Collins, Colorado, USA..
| | - Francisco Solis-Santoyo
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico..
| | - José Genaro Ordóñez-González
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico..
| | - Gabriel Fuentes-Maldonado
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico..
| | - Karla Saavedra-Rodríguez
- Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Arthropod Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory. Fort Collins, Colorado, USA..
| | - Cuauhtémoc Villarreal-Treviño
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico..
| | - William C Black Iv
- Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Arthropod Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory. Fort Collins, Colorado, USA..
| | - Américo D Rodríguez
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico..
| | - Rosa Patricia Penilla-Navarro
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico..
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Solis-Santoyo F, Villarreal-Treviño C, López-Solis AD, González-Cerón L, Rodríguez-Ramos JC, Vera-Maloof FZ, Danis-Lozano R, Penilla-Navarro RP. Resistance to Pyrethroids in the Malaria Vector Anopheles albimanus in Two Important Villages in the Soconusco Region of Chiapas, Mexico, 2022. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4258. [PMID: 36901269 PMCID: PMC10001879 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chiapas State comprises the largest malaria foci from Mexico, and 57% of the autochthonous cases in 2021, all with Plasmodium vivax infections, were reported in this State. Southern Chiapas is at constant risk of cases imported due to migratory human flow. Since chemical control of vector mosquitoes is the main entomological action implemented for the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases, this work aimed to investigate the susceptibility of Anopheles albimanus to insecticides. To this end, mosquitoes were collected in cattle in two villages in southern Chiapas in July-August 2022. Two methods were used to evaluate the susceptibility: the WHO tube bioassay and the CDC bottle bioassay. For the latter, diagnostic concentrations were calculated. The enzymatic resistance mechanisms were also analyzed. CDC diagnostic concentrations were obtained; 0.7 μg/mL deltamethrin, 12 μg/mL permethrin, 14.4 μg/mL malathion, and 2 μg/mL chlorpyrifos. Mosquitoes from Cosalapa and La Victoria were susceptible to organophosphates and to bendiocarb, but resistant to pyrethroids, with mortalities between 89% and 70% (WHO), and 88% and 78% (CDC), for deltamethrin and permethrin, respectively. High esterase levels are suggested as the resistance mechanism involved in the metabolism of pyrethroids in mosquitoes from both villages. Mosquitoes from La Victoria might also involve cytochrome P450. Therefore, organophosphates and carbamates are suggested to currently control An. albimanus. Its use might reduce the frequency of resistance genes to pyrethroids and vector abundance and may impede the transmission of malaria parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Solis-Santoyo
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuarta Norte y 19 Calle Poniente, Centro S/N, Tapachula CP 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Cuauhtémoc Villarreal-Treviño
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuarta Norte y 19 Calle Poniente, Centro S/N, Tapachula CP 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Alma D. López-Solis
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuarta Norte y 19 Calle Poniente, Centro S/N, Tapachula CP 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Lilia González-Cerón
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuarta Norte y 19 Calle Poniente, Centro S/N, Tapachula CP 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - José Cruz Rodríguez-Ramos
- Jurisdicción Sanitaria VII, Antiguo Hospital General de Tapachula, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, Tapachula CP 30798, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Farah Z. Vera-Maloof
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuarta Norte y 19 Calle Poniente, Centro S/N, Tapachula CP 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Danis-Lozano
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuarta Norte y 19 Calle Poniente, Centro S/N, Tapachula CP 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Rosa Patricia Penilla-Navarro
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuarta Norte y 19 Calle Poniente, Centro S/N, Tapachula CP 30700, Chiapas, Mexico
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Villarreal-Treviño C, Ríos-Delgado JC, Penilla-Navarro RP, Rodríguez AD, López JH, Nettel-Cruz JA, Moo-Llanes DA, Fuentes-Maldonado G. Composition and abundance of anopheline species according to habitat diversity in Mexico. Salud Publica Mex 2021; 62:388-401. [PMID: 32549083 DOI: 10.21149/10111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the abundance and geographic distribution of the main malaria vectors, which are influenced by habitat characteristics and ecological factors that directly impact adult density and the dynamics of malaria transmission in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of larvae were collected from 19 states in Mexico. Each larval habitat was characterized in situ determining the following parameters: water depth, turbidity, percentage of vegetation cover, amount of detritus, presence of algae, light intensity, type of vegetation, amount of predators, habitat stability, altitude, and hydrologic type. RESULTS A total of 21 687 larvae corresponding to 13 anopheline species were obtained from 149 aquatic habitats. The most abundant species were Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (52.91%), An. albimanus (39.14%) and An. franciscanus (5.29%). The multiple logistic regression analysis showed a negative association between An. pseudopunctipennis and water turbidity (ß=-1.342; Wald=6.122; p=0.013) and the amount of detritus (ß=-2.206; Wald=3.642; p=0.050). While in An. albimanus, there was a significant positive association with water turbidity (ß=1.344; Wald=4.256; p=0.039), a negative correlation was found with the altitude (ß=-3.445; Wald=5.407; p =0.020). The highest mosquito species diversity index was found in Chiapas (Fisher's α=1.20) and the lowest diversity in Chihuahua (Fisher's α=0.26). The greatest richness was found in streams (n=11). CONCLUSIONS The two most abundant species were: An. albimanus and An. pseudopunctipennis. Detailed knowledge of the distribution and characteristics of their larval habitats will be useful for the effective implementation of control strategies in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jana C Ríos-Delgado
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - R Patricia Penilla-Navarro
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Américo D Rodríguez
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - José Higinio López
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Información Geográfica y Estadística, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - José A Nettel-Cruz
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - David A Moo-Llanes
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Fuentes-Maldonado
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
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González-Cerón L, Rodríguez MH, Ovilla-Muñoz MT, Santillán-Valenzuela F, Hernández-Ávila JE, Rodríguez MC, Martínez-Barnetche J, Villarreal-Treviño C. Ookinete-Specific Genes and 18S SSU rRNA Evidenced in Plasmodium vivax Selection and Adaptation by Sympatric Vectors. Front Genet 2020; 10:1362. [PMID: 32153625 PMCID: PMC7047961 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the southern Pacific coast of Chiapas, Mexico (SM), the two most abundant vector species, Nyssorhynchus albimanus and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, were susceptible to different Plasmodium vivax Pvs25/28 haplotypes. To broaden our understanding of the existing P. vivax in the area, genes encoding proteins relevant for ookinete development and the 18S rRNA were studied. P. vivax infectivity (percentage of infected mosquitoes and oocyst numbers) was evaluated by simultaneously feeding infected blood samples from patients to Ny. albimanus and An. pseudopunctipennis female mosquitoes. Three infectivity patterns were identified: one group of parasites were more infective to An. pseudopunctipennis than to Ny. albimanus, another group was more infective to Ny. albimanus, while a third group infected both vectors similarly. In 29 parasite isolates, the molecular variations of ookinete-specific genes and the 18S rRNA-type S were analyzed. Using concatenated sequences, phylogenetic trees, and Structure analysis, parasite clustering within SM isolates and between these and those from other geographical origins were investigated. A ML phylogenetic tree resolved two parasite lineages: PvSM-A and PvSM-B. They were associated to a different 18S rRNA variant. PvSM-A parasites had 18S rRNA variant rV2 and correspond to parasites causing high oocyst infection in Ny. albimanus. A new ML tree and Structure analysis, both comprising global sequences, showed PvSM-A clustered with Latin American parasites. Meanwhile, all isolates of PvSM-B had 18S rRNA variant rV1 and remained as unique genetic cluster comprising two subgroups: PvSM-Ba, producing high infection in An. pseudopunctipennis, and PvSM-Bb, causing similar oocyst infection in both vector species. PvSM-A parasites were genetically similar to parasites from South America. Meanwhile, PvSM-B were exclusive to southern Mexico and share ancestry with Asian parasites. The results suggest that these lineages evolved separately, likely by geographic and vector restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia González-Cerón
- Regional Center of Research in Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Tapachula, Mexico
| | - Mario H Rodríguez
- Vector Borne Diseases, Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Marbella T Ovilla-Muñoz
- Chronic Infections and Cancer, Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Frida Santillán-Valenzuela
- Regional Center of Research in Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Tapachula, Mexico
| | - Juan E Hernández-Ávila
- Center of Information for Public Health Decisions, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Carmen Rodríguez
- Vector Borne Diseases, Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jesús Martínez-Barnetche
- Chronic Infections and Cancer, Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Cuauhtémoc Villarreal-Treviño
- Regional Center of Research in Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Tapachula, Mexico
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González-Cerón L, Rodríguez MH, Nettel-Cruz JA, Hernández-Ávila JE, Malo-García IR, Santillán-Valenzuela F, Villarreal-Treviño C. Plasmodium vivax CSP-Pvs25 variants from southern Mexico produce distinct patterns of infectivity for Anopheles albimanus versus An. pseudopunctipennis, in each case independent of geographical origin. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:86. [PMID: 30786915 PMCID: PMC6381756 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The susceptibility of Anopheles albimanus and An. pseudopunctipennis to local Plasmodium vivax has been associated in southern Mexico with two ookinete surface proteins (Pvs25/28) polymorphism. Perhaps parasite population selection (i.e. adaptation to local vectors) contributes to this phenomenon. It is also possible that certain molecular interactions exist between P. vivax and each mosquito species independently of geographical origin. This study aimed to explore the susceptibility of An. albimanus and An. pseudopunctipennis (collected from different geographical sites) to P. vivax cspVk/Pvs25-130 haplotypes from southern Mexico. RESULTS Of the 120 P. vivax-infected blood samples used to simultaneously feed An. albimanus and An. pseudopunctipennis mosquitoes originating from various geographical sites, 80 produced at least one infected mosquito species. Three parasite haplotypes were identified in infected blood: Vk210/Pvs25-A (12.5%), Vk210/Pvs25-B (20%) and Vk247/Pvs25-B (67.5%). Two parameters (the proportion of infected mosquitoes and number of oocysts/mosquito) showed a similar pattern for each mosquito species (independently of geographical origin). For An. albimanus mosquitoes (from the Pacific coast, Mexican gulf and Lacandon Forest lowlands), these two parameters were higher in specimens infected with P. vivax Vk210/Pvs25-A versus Vk210/Pvs25-B or Vk247/Pvs25-B (P < 0.001). For An. pseudopunctipennis mosquitoes (from the Pacific coast, northeast Mexico and east Guatemala foothills), the same two parameters were higher in specimens infected with Vk247/Pvs25-B or Vk210/Pvs25-B versus Vk210/Pvs25-A (P < 0.001). Higher infection rates were caused by Vk247/Pvs25-B than Vk210/Pvs25-B parasites in An. pseudopunctipennis (P = 0.011) and An. albimanus (P = 0.001). The greatest parasitaemia, gametocytaemia and microgamete formation was observed in Vk247/Pvs25-B infected blood, and each of these parameters correlated with each other and with the number of oocysts in An. pseudopunctipennis from the sympatric colony. CONCLUSIONS Plasmodium vivax Vk247/Pvs25-B infections were the most prevalent, likely due to the higher parasitaemia produced in the susceptible vector (especially An. pseudopunctipennis). The analysis of mosquito-parasite interactions indicate that An. pseudopunctipennis and An. albimanus each have a unique pattern of transmitting genetic variants of P. vivax, and this is not dependent on geographical origin. The present findings highlight the importance of parasite genotyping to understand transmission dynamics and vectorial participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia González-Cerón
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, 30700 Chiapas México
| | - Mario H. Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, 62100 Morelos México
| | - José A. Nettel-Cruz
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, 30700 Chiapas México
| | - Juan E. Hernández-Ávila
- Centro de Información para Decisiones en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Ciudad de México, 14080 México
| | - Iliana R. Malo-García
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, 30700 Chiapas México
| | - Frida Santillán-Valenzuela
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, 30700 Chiapas México
| | - Cuauhtémoc Villarreal-Treviño
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, 30700 Chiapas México
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Villarreal-Treviño C, Penilla-Navarro RP, Vázquez-Martínez MG, Moo-Llanes DA, Ríos-Delgado JC, Fernández-Salas I, Rodríguez AD. Larval habitat characterization of Anopheles darlingi from its northernmost geographical distribution in Chiapas, Mexico. Malar J 2015; 14:517. [PMID: 26693816 PMCID: PMC4688970 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-1037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anopheles darlingi is considered the most efficient malaria vector in the Neotropical region. In Mexico, its role as an incriminated vector of Plasmodium has not been confirmed in the Lacandon forest. Similarly, knowledge about bionomic and larval ecology is scarce. The study aim was to identify and describe the larval habitats of An. darlingi in Chiapas, México. Methods Standard larval collections were performed in the Lacandon forest region and in the Soconusco region of southern Chiapas from January 2010 to April 2014, including dry and rainy seasons. Mean larval density of An. darlingi was estimated according to hydrological types, and associations between the presence of An. darlingi and environmental factors including ecological parameters and geographic positions were statistically analysed. Results One hundred and twelve aquatic habitats were analysed, 80 from the Lacandon forest region and 32 from the Soconusco region; 94.64 % of these sites presented anopheline larvae. In total, 10,977 larvae belonging to 11 Anopheles species were collected. The 19 (out of 112) larval habitats positive to An. darlingi were: rain puddles (26.32 %), ground pools (21.05 %), ponds (15.79 %), ditches (15.79 %), river margins (10.53 %) and streams (10.53 %). Overall, the average (±SD) larval density was 6.60 ± 2.41 larvae per dip. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that temporary habitats, green algae presence and stagnant water were associated with An. darlingi larval presence. The positive habitats were found in the Lacandon forest region during the rainy season (May–September). No specimens were found in the Soconusco region of the coastal plain of Chiapas. Conclusion The mosquito An. darlingi larval habitats were found in different hydrological types. The habitat stability, presence of algae and water current were the main factors for An. darlingi larval occurrence. The information on the characteristics of the larval habitats of An. darlingi will be useful in sustainable programmes for malaria control in the Lacandon forest region, Chiapas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-1037-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuauhtémoc Villarreal-Treviño
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública/Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP/INSP), 19 Poniente y 4ta Avenida Norte, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - R Patricia Penilla-Navarro
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública/Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP/INSP), 19 Poniente y 4ta Avenida Norte, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - M Guadalupe Vázquez-Martínez
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública/Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP/INSP), 19 Poniente y 4ta Avenida Norte, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - David A Moo-Llanes
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública/Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP/INSP), 19 Poniente y 4ta Avenida Norte, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Jana C Ríos-Delgado
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública/Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP/INSP), 19 Poniente y 4ta Avenida Norte, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Ildefonso Fernández-Salas
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública/Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP/INSP), 19 Poniente y 4ta Avenida Norte, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Américo D Rodríguez
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública/Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP/INSP), 19 Poniente y 4ta Avenida Norte, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
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Villarreal-Treviño C, Vásquez GM, López-Sifuentes VM, Escobedo-Vargas K, Huayanay-Repetto A, Linton YM, Flores-Mendoza C, Lescano AG, Stell FM. Establishment of a free-mating, long-standing and highly productive laboratory colony of Anopheles darlingi from the Peruvian Amazon. Malar J 2015; 14:227. [PMID: 26024853 PMCID: PMC4465318 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anopheles darlingi is the main malaria vector in the Amazon region and is among the most efficient malaria vectors worldwide. However, due to the lack of a well-established laboratory colony, key control-relevant aspects of the bionomics, behaviour, genetics, and vector-parasite relationships of An. darlingi remain unknown. Here, biological parameters that had been successful in initiating other Anopheles colonies were optimized and improved for An. darlingi, with the aim of establish a free-mating, stable, and highly productive laboratory colony. Methods Wild An. darlingi adult females were field collected from Zungarococha, Loreto Department, Peru (03°49′32.40″S, 73°21′00.08″W), and taken to the NAMRU-6 Insectary in Iquitos where F1 offspring were produced and reared. Natural copulation was successfully induced in F1 adults under a thermoperiod of 30 ± 1 °C during the day and 25 ± 1 °C at night, and with a 30-min LED light stimulation period at dusk. Oviposition success was enhanced using egg-laying containers with a dark-coloured surface. Larval feeding regimes were standardized for optimal larval development. Optimized copulation induction methods were used to facilitate mating in An. darlingi until the F10 generation. No copulation induction assistance was needed in subsequent generations. Results In 19 generations, the An. darlingi colony produced a total of 763,775 eggs; 441,124 larvae; 248,041 pupae; and 231,591 adults. A mean of 0.56 sexual encounters/female/cage (n = 36 cages) was recorded across the first ten generations (F1-F10). A mean insemination rate of 54.7 % (n = 5,907 females) ranging from 43.6 % (F2) to 66.6 % (F10) was recorded across nine generations (F2-F10). Free-mating was casually observed in the F8 generation, and subsequently confirmed in the F9 and F10 generations; comparable insemination rates and egg laying between stimulated (51.6 %, 12.9 eggs/female), and non-stimulated (52.3 %, 11.2 eggs/female) females were recorded. The time from egg to adult development ranged from 10 to 20 days. Moreover, the colony was relocated to a new laboratory within Iquitos in the F14 generation without any noted changes in its productivity. By March 2015, the An. darlingi colony has been successfully reared to the F26 generation. Conclusions This constitutes the first report of a free-mating, highly productive, and long-standing An. darlingi laboratory colony established through natural copulation induction, which will support critical malaria research. This rearing methodology may be a transferable, cost-effective alternative to labour-intensive forced mating practices widely used in maintaining other Anopheles colonies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0733-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuauhtémoc Villarreal-Treviño
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública/Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP/INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Gissella M Vásquez
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Bellavista, Callao, Peru.
| | - Victor M López-Sifuentes
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Bellavista, Callao, Peru.
| | - Karin Escobedo-Vargas
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Bellavista, Callao, Peru.
| | - Anibal Huayanay-Repetto
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Bellavista, Callao, Peru.
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD, USA. .,Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA. .,Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Carmen Flores-Mendoza
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Bellavista, Callao, Peru.
| | - Andrés G Lescano
- Department of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Bellavista, Callao, Peru.
| | - Frederick M Stell
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Bellavista, Callao, Peru.
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González-Cerón L, Alvarado-Delgado A, Martínez-Barnetche J, Rodríguez MH, Ovilla-Muñoz M, Pérez F, Hernandez-Avila JE, Sandoval MA, Rodríguez MDC, Villarreal-Treviño C. Sequence variation of ookinete surface proteins Pvs25 and Pvs28 of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Southern Mexico and their association to local anophelines infectivity. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2010; 10:645-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Herrera-Ortíz A, Lanz-Mendoza H, Martínez-Barnetche J, Hernández-Martínez S, Villarreal-Treviño C, Aguilar-Marcelino L, Rodríguez MH. Plasmodium berghei ookinetes induce nitric oxide production in Anopheles pseudopunctipennis midguts cultured in vitro. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 34:893-901. [PMID: 15350609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2003] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Anopheles pseudopunctipennis nitric oxide synthase gene (ApNOS) was identified and its partial sequence showed high homology with NOS from A. stephensi, A. gambiae (putative sequence), and Drosophila melanogaster. ApNOS was mainly expressed in male and female adult mosquitoes and was induced by a blood meal. Nitric oxide (NO) was produced by in vitro-cultured mosquito midguts inoculated by enema with Plasmodium berghei ookinetes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus), but not with Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli or Serratia marcescens). Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) oxidation induced the generation of NO in midguts in vitro, and hydrogen peroxide generated during its oxidation induced ApNOS expression. P. berghei ookinetes exposed in vitro to L-DOPA and sodium nitroprusside (a NO generator) were killed. These observations demonstrate that reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates constitute a part of the cytotoxic arsenal employed by Anopheles mosquitoes against microbial pathogens and Plasmodium ookinetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Herrera-Ortíz
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlan, CP 62508 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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10
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Ulloa A, Langevin SA, Mendez-Sanchez JD, Arredondo-Jimenez JI, Raetz JL, Powers AM, Villarreal-Treviño C, Gubler DJ, Komar N. Serologic survey of domestic animals for zoonotic arbovirus infections in the Lacandón Forest region of Chiapas, Mexico. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2003; 3:3-9. [PMID: 12804375 DOI: 10.1089/153036603765627406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A serologic survey in domestic animals (birds and mammals) was conducted in four communities located in the Lacandón Forest region of northeastern Chiapas, Mexico, during June 29 to July 1, 2001, with the objective to identify zoonotic arboviruses circulating in this area. We collected 202 serum samples from healthy domestic chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys, horses and cattle. The samples were tested by plaque-reduction neutralization test for antibodies to selected mosquito-borne flaviviruses (family Flaviviridae), including St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), Rocio (ROC), Ilheus (ILH), Bussuquara (BSQ), and West Nile (WN) viruses, and selected alphaviruses (family Togaviridae), including Western equine encephalitis (WEE), Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses. Neutralizing antibodies to SLE virus were detected in two (8%) of 26 turkeys, 15 (23%) of 66 cattle, and three (60%) of five horses. Antibodies to VEE virus were detected in 29 (45%) of 65 cattle. Because some of these animals were as young as 2 months old, we demonstrated recent activity of these two viruses. Sub-typing of the VEE antibody responses indicated that the etiologic agents of these infections belonged to the IE variety of VEE, which has been reported from other regions of Chiapas. WN virus-neutralizing antibodies were detected in a single cattle specimen (PRNT(90) = 1:80) that also circulated SLE virus-neutralizing antibodies (PRNT(90) = 1:20), suggesting that WN virus may have been introduced into the region. We also detected weak neutralizing activity to BSQ virus in four cattle and a chicken specimen, suggesting the presence of this or a closely related virus in Mexico. There was no evidence for transmission of the other viruses (ROC, ILH, EEE, WEE) in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Ulloa
- Centro de Investigación de Paludismo, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
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