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Schrijver LH, Olsson H, Antoniou AC, Milne RL, Phillips KA, Andrieu N, Easton DF, Goldgar D, Engel C, Kast K, Roos-Blom MJ, Mooij TM, Hopper JL, van Leeuwen FE, Terry MB, Rookus MA. Abstract P5-08-09: Use of oral contraceptives and risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: An international prospective cohort study; for the studies of EMBRACE, GENEPSO, HEBON, kConFab and BCFR. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p5-08-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- LH Schrijver
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - H Olsson
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - AC Antoniou
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - RL Milne
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - K-A Phillips
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - N Andrieu
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - DF Easton
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - D Goldgar
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - C Engel
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - K Kast
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - M-J Roos-Blom
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - TM Mooij
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - JL Hopper
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - FE van Leeuwen
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - M-B Terry
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
| | - MA Rookus
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Paris, France; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Colombia University, New York, NY
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Barnes DR, Barrowdale D, Beesley J, Chen X, James PA, Hopper JL, Goldgar D, Chenevix-Trench G, Antoniou AC, Mitchell G. Estimating single nucleotide polymorphism associations using pedigree data: applications to breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:2610-22. [PMID: 23756864 PMCID: PMC3694253 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pedigrees with multiple genotyped family members have been underutilised in breast cancer (BC) genetic-association studies. We developed a pedigree-based analytical framework to characterise single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations with BC risk using data from 736 BC families ascertained through multiple affected individuals. On average, eight family members had been genotyped for 24 SNPs previously associated with BC. METHODS Breast cancer incidence was modelled on the basis of SNP effects and residual polygenic effects. Relative risk (RR) estimates were obtained by maximising the retrospective likelihood (RL) of observing the family genotypes conditional on all disease phenotypes. Models were extended to assess parent-of-origin effects (POEs). RESULTS Thirteen SNPs were significantly associated with BC under the pedigree RL approach. This approach yielded estimates consistent with those from large population-based studies. Logistic regression models ignoring pedigree structure generally gave larger RRs and association P-values. SNP rs3817198 in LSP1, previously shown to exhibit POE, yielded maternal and paternal RR estimates that were similar to those previously reported (paternal RR=1.12 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99-1.27), P=0.081, one-sided P=0.04; maternal RR=0.94 (95% CI: 0.84-1.06), P=0.33). No other SNP exhibited POE. CONCLUSION Our pedigree-based methods provide a valuable and efficient tool for characterising genetic associations with BC risk or other diseases and can complement population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Barnes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Barrowdale
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Beesley
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - X Chen
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - kConFab Investigators
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P A James
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - J L Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - G Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - A C Antoniou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Mitchell
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Leongamornlert D, Mahmud N, Tymrakiewicz M, Saunders E, Dadaev T, Castro E, Goh C, Govindasami K, Guy M, O'Brien L, Sawyer E, Hall A, Wilkinson R, Easton D, Goldgar D, Eeles R, Kote-Jarai Z. Germline BRCA1 mutations increase prostate cancer risk. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:1697-701. [PMID: 22516946 PMCID: PMC3349179 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PrCa) is one of the most common cancers affecting men but its aetiology is poorly understood. Family history of PrCa, particularly at a young age, is a strong risk factor. There have been previous reports of increased PrCa risk in male BRCA1 mutation carriers in female breast cancer families, but there is a controversy as to whether this risk is substantiated. We sought to evaluate the role of germline BRCA1 mutations in PrCa predisposition by performing a candidate gene study in a large UK population sample set. METHODS We screened 913 cases aged 36–86 years for germline BRCA1 mutation, with the study enriched for cases with an early age of onset. We analysed the entire coding region of the BRCA1 gene using Sanger sequencing. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was also used to assess the frequency of large rearrangements in 460 cases. RESULTS We identified 4 deleterious mutations and 45 unclassified variants (UV). The frequency of deleterious BRCA1 mutation in this study is 0.45%; three of the mutation carriers were affected at age 65 years and one developed PrCa at 69 years. Using previously estimated population carrier frequencies, deleterious BRCA1 mutations confer a relative risk of PrCa of ~3.75-fold, (95% confidence interval 1.02–9.6) translating to a 8.6% cumulative risk by age 65. CONCLUSION This study shows evidence for an increased risk of PrCa in men who harbour germline mutations in BRCA1. This could have a significant impact on possible screening strategies and targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Leongamornlert
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - N Mahmud
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - M Tymrakiewicz
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - E Saunders
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - T Dadaev
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - E Castro
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - C Goh
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - K Govindasami
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - M Guy
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - L O'Brien
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - E Sawyer
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - A Hall
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - R Wilkinson
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - D Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic
Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways
Laboratory, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - The UKGPCS Collaborators5
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic
Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways
Laboratory, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Dermatology, University
of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
84132, USA
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation
Trust, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - D Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, University
of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
84132, USA
| | - R Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation
Trust, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Z Kote-Jarai
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of
Cancer Research, Sutton
SM2 5NG, UK
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Parsons M, Thompson B, Goldgar D, Hopper J, Jenkins M, Buchanan D, Young J, Spurdle A. Colorectal tumour BRAF V600E and MLH1 promoter methylation status in the assessment of mismatch repair gene sequence variants of unknown clinical significance. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2012. [PMCID: PMC3327040 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-10-s2-a75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Thompson B, Goldgar D, Paterson C, Clendenning M, Walters R, Arnold S, Parsons M, Walsh M, Hopper J, Jenkins M, Greenblatt M, Buchanan D, Young J, Tavtigian S, Spurdle A. Estimation of probabilities in favour of pathogenicity for missense substitutions for use in clinical evaluation of mismatch repair gene variants. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2012. [PMCID: PMC3327050 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-10-s2-a31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Phillips KA, Milne RL, Rookus MA, Goldgar D, Friedlander M, McLachlan SA, Buys S, Antoniou AC, Birch K, Terry MB, Easton DF, Weideman P, Daly M, Andrieu N, John EM, Hooning MJ, Andrulis IL, Caldes T, Olsson H, Hopper JL. Association of tamoxifen use and reduced risk of contralateral breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2012. [PMCID: PMC3395384 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-10-s2-a11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Li JJ, Healey S, Phillips K, Makunin I, Wayte N, Schrader I, Worthley D, Lindor N, Huntsman D, Goldgar D, Suthers G, Chenevix-Trench G. The challenges of finding the gene responsible for a rare, autosomal dominant gastric cancer susceptibility syndrome. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2012. [PMCID: PMC3327097 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-10-s2-a71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Harvey SL, Milne RL, McLachlan SA, Friedlander ML, Birch KE, Weideman P, Goldgar D, Hopper JL, Phillips KA. Prospective study of breast cancer risk for mutation negative women from BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation positive families. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 130:1057-61. [PMID: 21850394 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Published studies have reached contradictory conclusions regarding breast cancer risk for women from families segregating a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation who do not carry the family-specific mutation. Accurate estimation of breast cancer risk is crucial for appropriate counselling regarding risk management. The aim of this study is to prospectively assess whether breast cancer risk for mutation negative women from families segregating BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations is greater than for women in the general population. Eligible women were 722 first-, second- and third-degree relatives of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carrier from 224 mutation positive (128 BRCA1, 96 BRCA2) families, had no personal cancer history at baseline, and had been tested and found not to carry the family-specific mutation. Self-reported family history of cancer, preventive interventions and verified cancer diagnoses were collected at baseline, and every 3 years thereafter. Median follow-up was 6.1 years (range 0.1-12.4 years). Time at risk of breast cancer was censored at cancer diagnosis or risk-reducing surgery. Standardised incidence ratios (SIR) were estimated by comparing observed to population incidences of invasive breast cancer using Australian Cancer Incidence and Mortality Books. Six cases of invasive breast cancer were observed. The estimated SIRs were 1.14 (95% CI: 0.51-2.53) overall (n = 722), 1.29 (95% CI: 0.58-2.88) when restricted to first- and second-degree relatives of an affected mutation carrier (n = 442) and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.12-1.93) when restricted to those with no family history of breast cancer in the non-mutation carrying parental lineage (n = 424). There was no evidence that mutation negative women from families segregating BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations are at increased risk of breast cancer. Despite this being the largest prospective cohort to assess this issue, moderately increased breast cancer risk (2-fold) cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Harvey
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett St, Melbourne, VIC 8006, Australia
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Pijpe A, Andrieu N, Easton D, Kesminiene A, Cardis E, Nogues C, Peock S, Frost D, Manders P, Thierry-Chef I, Goldgar D, Hauptmann M, Rookus M, van Leeuwen F. P1-46 Diagnostic radiation exposure and breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers in the gene-rad-risk study. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976c.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Harvey S, Milne RL, Birch KE, Weideman P, McLachlan S, Friedlander M, Goldgar D, Hopper JL, Phillips K. Prospective study of breast cancer risk in mutation-negative women from BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation-positive families in the Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Phillips K, Milne RL, Rookus MA, Goldgar D, Friedlander M, McLachlan S, Buys SS, Antoniou AC, Birch KE, Terry MB, Easton D, Weideman P, Daly MB, Andrieu N, John EM, Hooning M, Andrulis IL, Caldes T, Olsson H, Hopper JL. Tamoxifen and risk of contralateral breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: A combined analysis from the Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab), the International BRCA1 and BRCA2Carrier Cohort Study (IBCCS), and the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Osorio A, Milne RL, Pita G, Peterlongo P, Heikkinen T, Simard J, Chenevix-Trench G, Spurdle AB, Beesley J, Chen X, Healey S, Neuhausen SL, Ding YC, Couch FJ, Wang X, Lindor N, Manoukian S, Barile M, Viel A, Tizzoni L, Szabo CI, Foretova L, Zikan M, Claes K, Greene MH, Mai P, Rennert G, Lejbkowicz F, Barnett-Griness O, Andrulis IL, Ozcelik H, Weerasooriya N, Gerdes AM, Thomassen M, Cruger DG, Caligo MA, Friedman E, Kaufman B, Laitman Y, Cohen S, Kontorovich T, Gershoni-Baruch R, Dagan E, Jernström H, Askmalm MS, Arver B, Malmer B, Domchek SM, Nathanson KL, Brunet J, Ramón Y Cajal T, Yannoukakos D, Hamann U, Hogervorst FBL, Verhoef S, Gómez García EB, Wijnen JT, van den Ouweland A, Easton DF, Peock S, Cook M, Oliver CT, Frost D, Luccarini C, Evans DG, Lalloo F, Eeles R, Pichert G, Cook J, Hodgson S, Morrison PJ, Douglas F, Godwin AK, Sinilnikova OM, Barjhoux L, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Moncoutier V, Giraud S, Cassini C, Olivier-Faivre L, Révillion F, Peyrat JP, Muller D, Fricker JP, Lynch HT, John EM, Buys S, Daly M, Hopper JL, Terry MB, Miron A, Yassin Y, Goldgar D, Singer CF, Gschwantler-Kaulich D, Pfeiler G, Spiess AC, Hansen TVO, Johannsson OT, Kirchhoff T, Offit K, Kosarin K, Piedmonte M, Rodriguez GC, Wakeley K, Boggess JF, Basil J, Schwartz PE, Blank SV, Toland AE, Montagna M, Casella C, Imyanitov EN, Allavena A, Schmutzler RK, Versmold B, Engel C, Meindl A, Ditsch N, Arnold N, Niederacher D, Deissler H, Fiebig B, Varon-Mateeva R, Schaefer D, Froster UG, Caldes T, de la Hoya M, McGuffog L, Antoniou AC, Nevanlinna H, Radice P, Benítez J. Evaluation of a candidate breast cancer associated SNP in ERCC4 as a risk modifier in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Results from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/BRCA2 (CIMBA). Br J Cancer 2009; 101:2048-54. [PMID: 19920816 PMCID: PMC2795432 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In this study we aimed to evaluate the role of a SNP in intron 1 of the ERCC4 gene (rs744154), previously reported to be associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer in the general population, as a breast cancer risk modifier in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Methods: We have genotyped rs744154 in 9408 BRCA1 and 5632 BRCA2 mutation carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA) and assessed its association with breast cancer risk using a retrospective weighted cohort approach. Results: We found no evidence of association with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 (per-allele HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.93–1.04, P=0.5) or BRCA2 (per-allele HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.89–1.06, P=0.5) mutation carriers. Conclusion: This SNP is not a significant modifier of breast cancer risk for mutation carriers, though weak associations cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Phelan CM, Dapic V, Tice B, Favis R, Kwan E, Barany F, Manoukian S, Radice P, van der Luijt RB, van Nesselrooij BPM, Chenevix-Trench G, Caldes T, de la Hoya M, Lindquist S, Tavtigian SV, Goldgar D, Borg A, Narod SA, Monteiro ANA. Classification of BRCA1 missense variants of unknown clinical significance. J Med Genet 2006; 42:138-46. [PMID: 15689452 PMCID: PMC1735988 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.024711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA1 is a tumour suppressor with pleiotropic actions. Germline mutations in BRCA1 are responsible for a large proportion of breast-ovarian cancer families. Several missense variants have been identified throughout the gene but because of lack of information about their impact on the function of BRCA1, predictive testing is not always informative. Classification of missense variants into deleterious/high risk or neutral/low clinical significance is essential to identify individuals at risk. OBJECTIVE To investigate a panel of missense variants. METHODS AND RESULTS The panel was investigated in a comprehensive framework that included (1) a functional assay based on transcription activation; (2) segregation analysis and a method of using incomplete pedigree data to calculate the odds of causality; (3) a method based on interspecific sequence variation. It was shown that the transcriptional activation assay could be used as a test to characterise mutations in the carboxy-terminus region of BRCA1 encompassing residues 1396-1863. Thirteen missense variants (H1402Y, L1407P, H1421Y, S1512I, M1628T, M1628V, T1685I, G1706A, T1720A, A1752P, G1788V, V1809F, and W1837R) were specifically investigated. CONCLUSIONS While individual classification schemes for BRCA1 alleles still present limitations, a combination of several methods provides a more powerful way of identifying variants that are causally linked to a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer. The framework presented here brings these variants nearer to clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Phelan
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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14
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Chenevix-Trench G, Sinilnikova OM, Suthers G, Pandeya N, Mazoyer S, Sambrook JF, Goldup S, Goldgar D, Lynch HT, Lenoir GM, Cheetham G. Ratio of male to female births in the offspring of BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. Fam Cancer 2005; 4:73-5. [PMID: 15951955 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-004-2102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2004] [Accepted: 08/11/2004] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A recent report based on 68 families, including 17 with mutations in BRCA1, suggested that there was an excess of female offspring born to BRCA1 mutation carriers. We have examined the gender ratio among offspring of 511 mutation carriers from 116 BRCA1 families, 77 and 39 from Australia and the United States, respectively. We found no evidence for a significant deviation from the expected proportion of female offspring in the Australian pedigrees, but there was an excess of female offspring in pedigrees from the USA. Ascertainment bias probably explains this bias, rather than a link with X-chromosome inactivation as previously suggested, because the families from the USA were ascertained for the purposes of linkage studies whereas those from Australia were ascertained through Familial Cancer Clinics to which they had been referred for clinical genetic counseling and mutation testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chenevix-Trench
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Post Office Royal Brisbane Hospital, QLD, 4029 Herston, Australia.
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15
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Lovelock PK, Healey S, Au W, Sum EYM, Tesoriero A, Wong EM, Hinson S, Brinkworth R, Bekessy A, Diez O, Izatt L, Solomon E, Jenkins M, Renard H, Hopper J, Waring P, Tavtigian SV, Goldgar D, Lindeman GJ, Visvader JE, Couch FJ, Henderson BR, Southey M, Chenevix-Trench G, Spurdle AB, Brown MA. Genetic, functional, and histopathological evaluation of two C-terminal BRCA1 missense variants. J Med Genet 2005; 43:74-83. [PMID: 15923272 PMCID: PMC2564506 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.033258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vast majority of BRCA1 missense sequence variants remain uncharacterized for their possible effect on protein expression and function, and therefore are unclassified in terms of their pathogenicity. BRCA1 plays diverse cellular roles and it is unlikely that any single functional assay will accurately reflect the total cellular implications of missense mutations in this gene. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the effect of two BRCA1 variants, 5236G>C (G1706A) and 5242C>A (A1708E) on BRCA1 function, and to survey the relative usefulness of several assays to direct the characterisation of other unclassified variants in BRCA genes. METHODS AND RESULTS Data from a range of bioinformatic, genetic, and histopathological analyses, and in vitro functional assays indicated that the 1708E variant was associated with the disruption of different cellular functions of BRCA1. In transient transfection experiments in T47D and 293T cells, the 1708E product was mislocalised to the cytoplasm and induced centrosome amplification in 293T cells. The 1708E variant also failed to transactivate transcription of reporter constructs in mammalian transcriptional transactivation assays. In contrast, the 1706A variant displayed a phenotype comparable to wildtype BRCA1 in these assays. Consistent with functional data, tumours from 1708E carriers showed typical BRCA1 pathology, while tumour material from 1706A carriers displayed few histopathological features associated with BRCA1 related tumours. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive range of genetic, bioinformatic, and functional analyses have been combined for the characterisation of BRCA1 unclassified sequence variants. Consistent with the functional analyses, the combined odds of causality calculated for the 1706A variant after multifactorial likelihood analysis (1:142) indicates a definitive classification of this variant as "benign". In contrast, functional assays of the 1708E variant indicate that it is pathogenic, possibly through subcellular mislocalisation. However, the combined odds of 262:1 in favour of causality of this variant does not meet the minimal ratio of 1000:1 for classification as pathogenic, and A1708E remains formally designated as unclassified. Our findings highlight the importance of comprehensive genetic information, together with detailed functional analysis for the definitive categorisation of unclassified sequence variants. This combination of analyses may have direct application to the characterisation of other unclassified variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2.
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Jefferies S, Kote-Jarai Z, Goldgar D, Houlston R, Frazer-Williams MJ, A'Hern R, Eeles R, Henk J, Gore M, Rhys-Evans P, Archer D, Bishop K, Solomon E, Hodgson S, McGurk M, Hibbert J, O'Connell M, Partridge M, Chevretton E, Calman F, Saunders M, Shotton K, Brown A, Whittaker S, Foulkes W. Association between polymorphisms of the GPX1 gene and second primary tumours after index squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. Oral Oncol 2005; 41:455-61. [PMID: 15878749 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Accepted: 09/20/2004] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms in GPX1 gene amongst patients who had index squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN) and a second primary tumour (SPT) after a primary SCCHN in a case-control study. GPX1 genotypes were determined for 61 patients with SPT and for 259 control subjects by a PCR technique using a fluorescent-labelled primer. Analysis was by an ABI automated fluorescent sequencer. The associations between specific genotypes and the development of SPT were examined by logistic regression. A significant difference was found between the control group and the SPT cases in allele frequencies of GPX1 ALA( *)6 and ALA( *)7 (p(trend)=0.04). These results suggest that polymorphisms in the GPX1 gene may be a marker for SPT development and further studies are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jefferies
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the association between family history of colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives and risk of developing colon cancer has been well defined, the association with rectal cancer is much less clear. The purpose of this study is to define rectal cancer risk associated with family history of colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives. We also evaluate diet and lifestyle factors associated with developing colorectal cancer among participants with a positive family history. METHODS Data were available from two population-based case--control studies of colon and rectal cancer. Participants were members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (KPMCP) or residents of the state of Utah. Cases were first primary colon cancer diagnosed between 1991 and 1994 (n = 1308 cases and 1544 controls) or rectal cancer diagnosed between 1997 and 2001 (n = 952 cases and 1205 controls). RESULTS A family history of colorectal cancer in any first-degree relatives slightly increased risk of rectal cancer (OR: 1.37 95% CI: 1.02-1.85). Family history of colorectal cancer was associated with the greatest risk among those diagnosed at age 50 or younger (OR: 2.09 95% CI: 0.94-4.65 for rectal tumors; OR: 3.00 95% CI: 0.98-9.20 for distal colon tumors; and OR: 7.88 95% CI: 2.62-23.7 for proximal colon tumors). Factors significantly associated with cancer risk among those with a family history of colorectal cancer, included not having a sigmoidoscopy (OR: 2.81 95% CI: 1.86-4.24): a diet not Prudent, i.e. high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish and poultry, (OR: 2.79 95% CI: 1.40-5.56); smoking cigarettes (OR: 1.68 95% CI: 1.12-2.53), and eating a Western diet, i.e. a diet high in meat, refined grains, high-fat foods, and fast foods, (OR: 2.15 95% CI: 1.06-4.35). Physical inactivity was not associated with increased cancer risk among those with a positive family history of colorectal cancer. SUMMARY These results confirm observations reported by others that a family history of colorectal cancer increases risk of cancer among those diagnosed at a younger age. Associations with family history are weakest for rectal cancer and strongest for proximal colonic tumors. Since several diet and lifestyle factors influence development of cancer among those with a family history of the disease, there appears to be practical approaches for individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer to reduce their cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Slattery
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Health Research Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Suite A, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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18
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the association between family history of colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives and risk of developing colon cancer has been well defined, the association with rectal cancer is much less clear. The purpose of this study is to define rectal cancer risk associated with family history of colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives. We also evaluate diet and lifestyle factors associated with developing colorectal cancer among participants with a positive family history. METHODS Data were available from two population-based case--control studies of colon and rectal cancer. Participants were members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (KPMCP) or residents of the state of Utah. Cases were first primary colon cancer diagnosed between 1991 and 1994 (n = 1308 cases and 1544 controls) or rectal cancer diagnosed between 1997 and 2001 (n = 952 cases and 1205 controls). RESULTS A family history of colorectal cancer in any first-degree relatives slightly increased risk of rectal cancer (OR: 1.37 95% CI: 1.02-1.85). Family history of colorectal cancer was associated with the greatest risk among those diagnosed at age 50 or younger (OR: 2.09 95% CI: 0.94-4.65 for rectal tumors; OR: 3.00 95% CI: 0.98-9.20 for distal colon tumors; and OR: 7.88 95% CI: 2.62-23.7 for proximal colon tumors). Factors significantly associated with cancer risk among those with a family history of colorectal cancer, included not having a sigmoidoscopy (OR: 2.81 95% CI: 1.86-4.24): a diet not Prudent, i.e. high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish and poultry, (OR: 2.79 95% CI: 1.40-5.56); smoking cigarettes (OR: 1.68 95% CI: 1.12-2.53), and eating a Western diet, i.e. a diet high in meat, refined grains, high-fat foods, and fast foods, (OR: 2.15 95% CI: 1.06-4.35). Physical inactivity was not associated with increased cancer risk among those with a positive family history of colorectal cancer. SUMMARY These results confirm observations reported by others that a family history of colorectal cancer increases risk of cancer among those diagnosed at a younger age. Associations with family history are weakest for rectal cancer and strongest for proximal colonic tumors. Since several diet and lifestyle factors influence development of cancer among those with a family history of the disease, there appears to be practical approaches for individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer to reduce their cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Slattery
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Health Research Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Suite A, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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Thiffault I, Hamel N, Pal T, McVety S, Marcus VA, Farber D, Cowie S, Deschênes J, Meschino W, Odefrey F, Goldgar D, Graham T, Narod S, Watters AK, MacNamara E, Sart DD, Chong G, Foulkes WD. Germline truncating mutations in both MSH2 and BRCA2 in a single kindred. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:483-91. [PMID: 14735197 PMCID: PMC2409581 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been interest in the literature in the possible existence of a gene that predisposes to both breast cancer (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). We describe the detailed characterisation of one kindred, MON1080, with 10 cases of BC or CRC invasive cancer among 26 first-, second- or third-degree relatives. Linkage analysis suggested that a mutation was present in BRCA2. DNA sequencing from III: 22 (diagnosed with lobular BC) identified a BRCA2 exon 3 542G>T (L105X) mutation. Her sister (III: 25) had BC and endometrial cancer and carries the same mutation. Following immunohistochemical and microsatellite instability studies, mutation analysis by protein truncation test, cDNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR revealed a deletion of MSH2 exon 8 in III: 25, confirming her as a double heterozygote for truncating mutations in both BRCA2 and MSH2. The exon 8 deletion was identified as a 14.9 kb deletion occurring between two Alu sequences. The breakpoint lies within a sequence of 45 bp that is identical in both Alu sequences. In this large BC/CRC kindred, MON1080, disease-causing truncating mutations are present in both MSH2 and BRCA2. There appeared to be no increased susceptibility to the development of colorectal tumours in BRCA2 mutation carriers or to the development of breast tumours in MSH2 mutation carriers. Additionally, two double heterozygotes did not appear to have a different phenotype than would be expected from the presence of a mutation in each gene alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Thiffault
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Hamel
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - T Pal
- Centre for Research in Woman's Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S McVety
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital
| | - V A Marcus
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Farber
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Cowie
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Deschênes
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital
| | - W Meschino
- Department of Genetics, North York General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - T Graham
- Preventive Oncology Program, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Narod
- Centre for Research in Woman's Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A K Watters
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - E MacNamara
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital
| | - D Du Sart
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G Chong
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital
| | - W D Foulkes
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal General Hospital, Room L10-120, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1A4. E-mail:
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Jefferies S, Edwards SM, Hamoudi RA, A'Hern R, Foulkes W, Goldgar D, Eeles R. No germline mutations in CDKN2A (p16) in patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck and second primary tumours. Br J Cancer 2001; 85:1383-6. [PMID: 11720478 PMCID: PMC2375247 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that predisposition to some cancers has a genetic component. There is a high incidence of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 9, in the region of tumour suppressor gene, CDKN2A (also known as p16), in sporadic squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN). To investigate the possibility that CDKN2A may be involved in the inherited susceptibility to SCCHN, the 3 coding exons of CDKN2A were sequenced in 40 patients who had developed a second primary cancer after an index squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. No mutations were found and we conclude that CDKN2A mutations do not play a major role in cancer susceptibility in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jefferies
- Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd, Sutton, Surrey
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21
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Goldgar D, Bonnardel C, Renard H, Yaqoubi O. The International BRCA1 /2Carrier Cohort Study: Purpose, Rationale, and Study Design. Breast Cancer Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1186/bcr93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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22
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Badzioch M, Eeles R, Leblanc G, Foulkes WD, Giles G, Edwards S, Goldgar D, Hopper JL, Bishop DT, Møller P, Heimdal K, Easton D, Simard J. Suggestive evidence for a site specific prostate cancer gene on chromosome 1p36. The CRC/BPG UK Familial Prostate Cancer Study Coordinators and Collaborators. The EU Biomed Collaborators. J Med Genet 2000; 37:947-9. [PMID: 11186936 PMCID: PMC1734501 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.37.12.947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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23
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Rahman N, Teare MD, Seal S, Renard H, Mangion J, Cour C, Thompson D, Shugart Y, Eccles D, Devilee P, Meijers H, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Weber B, Chang-Claude J, Easton DF, Goldgar D, Stratton MR. Absence of evidence for a familial breast cancer susceptibility gene at chromosome 8p12-p22. Oncogene 2000; 19:4170-3. [PMID: 10962578 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several recent studies indicate that the majority of families with five or fewer cases of breast cancer and no cases of ovarian cancer are not due to BRCA1 or BRCA2. It has been proposed that a further breast cancer susceptibility gene that may account for some of these families is located on chromosome 8p12-p22. We have identified 31 site-specific breast cancer families that have a greater than 80% posterior probability of being due to genes other than BRCA1 or BRCA2. These families have been examined for linkage to 8p12-p22 using markers flanking the putative location of the gene. The overall multi-point LOD score is strongly negative across the whole 44 cM. The individual multi-point LOD score is negative in 23 families and only exceeds 0.5 in a single family (with a multi-point LOD score of 1.22). The maximum heterogeneity LOD score was 0.03 at marker D8S136 with estimated proportion linked (alpha) of 3% (95% CI 0 - 30%). These data do not lend support to the hypothesis that chromosome 8p12-p22 harbours a familial breast cancer susceptibility gene. Oncogene (2000) 19, 4170 - 4173
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rahman
- Section of Cancer Genetics, ICR, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
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Lakhani SR, Gusterson BA, Jacquemier J, Sloane JP, Anderson TJ, van de Vijver MJ, Venter D, Freeman A, Antoniou A, McGuffog L, Smyth E, Steel CM, Haites N, Scott RJ, Goldgar D, Neuhausen S, Daly PA, Ormiston W, McManus R, Scherneck S, Ponder BA, Futreal PA, Peto J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Bignon YJ, Stratton MR. The pathology of familial breast cancer: histological features of cancers in families not attributable to mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6:782-9. [PMID: 10741697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancers arising in carriers of mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, differ histologically from each other and from breast cancers unselected for a family history. However, a substantial proportion of families with multiple cases of breast cancer is not attributable to these two genes (non-BRCA1/2 families). We have now characterized the pathology of 82 breast cancers from non-BRCA1/2 families. Breast cancers in non-BRCA1/2 families were of lower grade (P = 0.0018), showed fewer mitoses (P < 0.0001), less nuclear pleomorphism (P = 0.0014), less lymphocytic infiltrate (P < 0.0001), a lesser extent of the tumor with a continuous pushing margin (P = 0.004), a lesser extent of the tumor composed of solid sheets of cells (P = 0.0047), less necrosis (P = 0.002), and wereparison with BRCA2 tumors, non-BRCA1/2 tumors were lower grade (P = 0.017) and exhibited less pleomorphism (P = 0.01) and more tubule formation (P = 0.05). In comparison with control breast cancers unselected for a family history of the disease, non-BRCA1/2 tumors were of significantly lower grade (P = 0.001), showed less pleomorphism (P = 0.0002), and had a lower mitotic count (P = 0.003). The results indicate that non-BRCA1/2 breast cancers differ histologically from both BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast cancers and are overall of lower grade. They also suggest that non-BRCA1/2 breast cancers differ from nonfamilial breast cancers, but these differences may be attributable to various types of bias.
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MESH Headings
- BRCA2 Protein
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Family Health
- Female
- Genes, BRCA1/genetics
- Humans
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating
- Mitotic Index
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Lakhani
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Medical School, United Kingdom
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25
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Shugart YY, Cour C, Renard H, Lenoir G, Goldgar D, Teare D, Easton D, Rahman N, Gusterton R, Seal S, Barfoot R, Stratton M, Mangion J, Peelen T, van den Ouweland A, Meijers H, Devilee P, Eccles D, Lynch H, Weber B, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Bignon YJ, Chang-Claude J. Linkage analysis of 56 multiplex families excludes the Cowden disease gene PTEN as a major contributor to familial breast cancer. J Med Genet 1999; 36:720-1. [PMID: 10507734 PMCID: PMC1734423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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26
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Sinilnikova OM, Egan KM, Quinn JL, Boutrand L, Lenoir GM, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Desjardins L, Levy C, Goldgar D, Gragoudas ES. Germline brca2 sequence variants in patients with ocular melanoma. Int J Cancer 1999; 82:325-8. [PMID: 10399947 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990730)82:3<325::aid-ijc3>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
On the basis, chiefly, of anecdotal reports of cases of ocular melanoma (OM) occurring in families with inherited susceptibility to breast cancer due to brca2 germline mutations, we examined the frequency of brca2 alterations in a series of 62 ocular melanoma cases. These cases were preferentially selected on the basis of reported family history of breast or ovarian cancer, or OM, although the series also included a randomly selected set of cases without family history of cancer. A total of 7 germline alterations were found, of which 3 were likely to be associated with disease. While all 3 deleterious mutations were found in patients who also had a personal history of breast cancer, only 1 of the 3 families had a family history of breast/ovarian cancer or OM. Although germline brca2 mutations may account for a small proportion of all OM cases, there may be additional loci that contribute to familial aggregation of OM and to the familial association between OM and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Sinilnikova
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, CNRS-UMR5641, Université Lyon 1, France
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27
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Abstract
© 1999 Cancer Research Campaign
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jefferies
- Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
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28
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Puget N, Sinilnikova OM, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Audoynaud C, Pagès S, Lynch HT, Goldgar D, Lenoir GM, Mazoyer S. An Alu-mediated 6-kb duplication in the BRCA1 gene: a new founder mutation? Am J Hum Genet 1999; 64:300-2. [PMID: 9915971 PMCID: PMC1377730 DOI: 10.1086/302211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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29
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Lakhani SR, Jacquemier J, Sloane JP, Gusterson BA, Anderson TJ, van de Vijver MJ, Farid LM, Venter D, Antoniou A, Storfer-Isser A, Smyth E, Steel CM, Haites N, Scott RJ, Goldgar D, Neuhausen S, Daly PA, Ormiston W, McManus R, Scherneck S, Ponder BA, Ford D, Peto J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Bignon YJ, Struewing JP, Spurr NK, Bishop DT, Klijn JG, Devilee P, Cornelisse CJ, Lasset C, Lenoir G, Barkardottir RB, Egilsson V, Hamann U, Chang-Claude J, Sobol H, Weber B, Stratton MR, Easton DF. Multifactorial analysis of differences between sporadic breast cancers and cancers involving BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90:1138-45. [PMID: 9701363 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/90.15.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that breast cancers associated with inherited BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations differ from each other in their histopathologic appearances and that each of these types differs from breast cancers in patients unselected for family history (i.e., sporadic cancers). We have now conducted a more detailed examination of cytologic and architectural features of these tumors. METHODS Specimens of tumor tissue (5-microm-thick sections) were examined independently by two pathologists, who were unaware of the case or control subject status, for the presence of cell mitosis, lymphocytic infiltration, continuous pushing margins, and solid sheets of cancer cells; cell nuclei, cell nucleoli, cell necrosis, and cell borders were also evaluated. The resulting data were combined with previously available information on tumor type and tumor grade and further evaluated by multifactorial analysis. All statistical tests are two-sided. RESULTS Cancers associated with BRCA1 mutations exhibited higher mitotic counts (P = .001), a greater proportion of the tumor with a continuous pushing margin (P<.0001), and more lymphocytic infiltration (P = .002) than sporadic (i.e., control) cancers. Cancers associated with BRCA2 mutations exhibited a higher score for tubule formation (fewer tubules) (P = .0002), a higher proportion of the tumor perimeter with a continuous pushing margin (P<.0001), and a lower mitotic count (P = .003) than control cancers. CONCLUSIONS Our study has identified key features of the histologic phenotypes of breast cancers in carriers of mutant BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. This information may improve the classification of breast cancers in individuals with a family history of the disease and may ultimately aid in the clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Lakhani
- Department of Histopathology, University College of London Medical School, UK
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30
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Giraud S, Zhang CX, Serova-Sinilnikova O, Wautot V, Salandre J, Buisson N, Waterlot C, Bauters C, Porchet N, Aubert JP, Emy P, Cadiot G, Delemer B, Chabre O, Niccoli P, Leprat F, Duron F, Emperauger B, Cougard P, Goudet P, Sarfati E, Riou JP, Guichard S, Rodier M, Meyrier A, Caron P, Vantyghem MC, Assayag M, Peix JL, Pugeat M, Rohmer V, Vallotton M, Lenoir G, Gaudray P, Proye C, Conte-Devolx B, Chanson P, Shugart YY, Goldgar D, Murat A, Calender A. Germ-line mutation analysis in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and related disorders. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 63:455-67. [PMID: 9683585 PMCID: PMC1377295 DOI: 10.1086/301953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome predisposing to tumors of the parathyroid, endocrine pancreas, anterior pituitary, adrenal glands, and diffuse neuroendocrine tissues. The MEN1 gene has been assigned, by linkage analysis and loss of heterozygosity, to chromosome 11q13 and recently has been identified by positional cloning. In this study, a total of 84 families and/or isolated patients with either MEN1 or MEN1-related inherited endocrine tumors were screened for MEN1 germ-line mutations, by heteroduplex and sequence analysis of the MEN1 gene-coding region and untranslated exon 1. Germ-line MEN1 alterations were identified in 47/54 (87%) MEN1 families, in 9/11 (82%) isolated MEN1 patients, and in only 6/19 (31.5%) atypical MEN1-related inherited cases. We characterized 52 distinct mutations in a total of 62 MEN1 germ-line alterations. Thirty-five of the 52 mutations were frameshifts and nonsense mutations predicted to encode for a truncated MEN1 protein. We identified eight missense mutations and five in-frame deletions over the entire coding sequence. Six mutations were observed more than once in familial MEN1. Haplotype analysis in families with identical mutations indicate that these occurrences reflected mainly independent mutational events. No MEN1 germ-line mutations were found in 7/54 (13%) MEN1 families, in 2/11 (18%) isolated MEN1 cases, in 13/19 (68. 5%) MEN1-related cases, and in a kindred with familial isolated hyperparathyroidism. Two hundred twenty gene carriers (167 affected and 53 unaffected) were identified. No evidence of genotype-phenotype correlation was found. Age-related penetrance was estimated to be >95% at age >30 years. Our results add to the diversity of MEN1 germ-line mutations and provide new tools in genetic screening of MEN1 and clinically related cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giraud
- Service de Génétique, Laboratoire de Génétique et Cancer, CNRS UMR 5641, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Lyon, France
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31
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Neuhausen SL, Godwin AK, Gershoni-Baruch R, Schubert E, Garber J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Olah E, Csokay B, Serova O, Lalloo F, Osorio A, Stratton M, Offit K, Boyd J, Caligo MA, Scott RJ, Schofield A, Teugels E, Schwab M, Cannon-Albright L, Bishop T, Easton D, Benitez J, King MC, Ponder BA, Weber B, Devilee P, Borg A, Narod SA, Goldgar D. Haplotype and phenotype analysis of nine recurrent BRCA2 mutations in 111 families: results of an international study. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 62:1381-8. [PMID: 9585613 PMCID: PMC1377164 DOI: 10.1086/301885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Several BRCA2 mutations are found to occur in geographically diverse breast and ovarian cancer families. To investigate both mutation origin and mutation-specific phenotypes due to BRCA2, we constructed a haplotype of 10 polymorphic short tandem-repeat (STR) markers flanking the BRCA2 locus, in a set of 111 breast or breast/ovarian cancer families selected for having one of nine recurrent BRCA2 mutations. Six of the individual mutations are estimated to have arisen 400-2,000 years ago. In particular, the 6174delT mutation, found in approximately 1% of individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry, was estimated to have arisen 29 generations ago (1-LOD support interval 22-38). This is substantially more recent than the estimated age of the BRCA1 185delAG mutation (46 generations), derived from our analogous study of BRCA1 mutations. In general, there was no evidence of multiple origins of identical BRCA2 mutations. Our study data were consistent with the previous report of a higher incidence of ovarian cancer in families with mutations in a 3.3-kb region of exon 11 (the ovarian cancer cluster region [OCCR]) (P=.10); but that higher incidence was not statistically significant. There was significant evidence that age at diagnosis of breast cancer varied by mutation (P<.001), although only 8% of the variance in age at diagnosis could be explained by the specific mutation, and there was no evidence of family-specific effects. When the age at diagnosis of the breast cancer cases was examined by OCCR, cases associated with mutations in the OCCR had a significantly older mean age at diagnosis than was seen in those outside this region (48 years vs. 42 years; P=.0005).
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Neuhausen
- Department of Medical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA.
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32
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Ford D, Easton DF, Stratton M, Narod S, Goldgar D, Devilee P, Bishop DT, Weber B, Lenoir G, Chang-Claude J, Sobol H, Teare MD, Struewing J, Arason A, Scherneck S, Peto J, Rebbeck TR, Tonin P, Neuhausen S, Barkardottir R, Eyfjord J, Lynch H, Ponder BA, Gayther SA, Zelada-Hedman M. Genetic heterogeneity and penetrance analysis of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in breast cancer families. The Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 62:676-89. [PMID: 9497246 PMCID: PMC1376944 DOI: 10.1086/301749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1944] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 to inherited breast cancer was assessed by linkage and mutation analysis in 237 families, each with at least four cases of breast cancer, collected by the Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. Families were included without regard to the occurrence of ovarian or other cancers. Overall, disease was linked to BRCA1 in an estimated 52% of families, to BRCA2 in 32% of families, and to neither gene in 16% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6%-28%), suggesting other predisposition genes. The majority (81%) of the breast-ovarian cancer families were due to BRCA1, with most others (14%) due to BRCA2. Conversely, the majority of families with male and female breast cancer were due to BRCA2 (76%). The largest proportion (67%) of families due to other genes was found in families with four or five cases of female breast cancer only. These estimates were not substantially affected either by changing the assumed penetrance model for BRCA1 or by including or excluding BRCA1 mutation data. Among those families with disease due to BRCA1 that were tested by one of the standard screening methods, mutations were detected in the coding sequence or splice sites in an estimated 63% (95% CI 51%-77%). The estimated sensitivity was identical for direct sequencing and other techniques. The penetrance of BRCA2 was estimated by maximizing the LOD score in BRCA2-mutation families, over all possible penetrance functions. The estimated cumulative risk of breast cancer reached 28% (95% CI 9%-44%) by age 50 years and 84% (95% CI 43%-95%) by age 70 years. The corresponding ovarian cancer risks were 0.4% (95% CI 0%-1%) by age 50 years and 27% (95% CI 0%-47%) by age 70 years. The lifetime risk of breast cancer appears similar to the risk in BRCA1 carriers, but there was some suggestion of a lower risk in BRCA2 carriers <50 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ford
- Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
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33
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Schuffenecker I, Virally-Monod M, Brohet R, Goldgar D, Conte-Devolx B, Leclerc L, Chabre O, Boneu A, Caron J, Houdent C, Modigliani E, Rohmer V, Schlumberger M, Eng C, Guillausseau PJ, Lenoir GM. Risk and penetrance of primary hyperparathyroidism in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A families with mutations at codon 634 of the RET proto-oncogene. Groupe D'etude des Tumeurs à Calcitonine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:487-91. [PMID: 9467562 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.83.2.4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Germline mutations of the RET proto-oncogene are responsible for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, including multiple endocrine type 2A (MEN 2A), type 2B (MEN 2B), and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. The relationship between specific mutations and syndromic features has been established. In particular, the risk for pheochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in MEN 2A patients is clearly associated with the presence of the RET mutation at a specific position, i.e. at codon 634. Also, a correlation between a specific mutation, C634R, and the development of HPT has been suggested but is still controversial. To further investigate the relationship between specific mutations of codon 634 and the development of HPT, we studied a population of 188 individuals, carrying mutations at codon 634, namely C634R (65 patients belonging to 10 families), C634Y (80 patients belonging to 11 families), or the less frequent codon 634 mutations [i.e. C634S, C634F, C634G, or C634W (43 patients belonging to 9 families)]. In this series of patients, we defined an overall HPT prevalence of 19.1% and found that this prevalence did not vary significantly, with respect to the nature of the mutation. However, irrespective of the particular mutation, the prevalence of HPT showed a high interfamilial variability. The statistical model that best fitted with the observed data was in favor of the heterogeneity of the risk for HPT, with 40% of the families showing an HPT risk of 34% and 60% of the families showing an HPT risk of 9%. In addition, our study clearly demonstrated that HPT could be an early component of the disease and provided the first estimate of age-specific and mutation-specific HPT penetrance in individuals with mutations of codon 634 of the RET proto-oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Schuffenecker
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
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Serova OM, Mazoyer S, Puget N, Dubois V, Tonin P, Shugart YY, Goldgar D, Narod SA, Lynch HT, Lenoir GM. Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast cancer families: are there more breast cancer-susceptibility genes? Am J Hum Genet 1997; 60:486-95. [PMID: 9042907 PMCID: PMC1712515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To estimate the proportion of breast cancer families due to BRCA1 or BRCA2, we performed mutation screening of the entire coding regions of both genes supplemented with linkage analysis of 31 families, 8 containing male breast cancers and 23 site-specific female breast cancer. A combination of protein-truncation test and SSCP or heteroduplex analyses was used for mutation screening complemented, where possible, by the analysis of expression level of BRCA1 and BRCA2 alleles. Six of the eight families with male breast cancer revealed frameshift mutations, two in BRCA1 and four in BRCA2. Although most families with female site-specific breast cancers were thought to be due to mutations in either BRCA1 or BRCA2, we identified only eight mutations in our series of 23 site-specific female breast cancer families (34%), four in BRCA1 and four in BRCA2. According to the posterior probabilities calculated for mutation-negative families, based on linkage data and mutation screening results, we would expect 8-10 site-specific female breast cancer families of our series to be due to neither BRCA1 nor BRCA2. Thus, our results suggest the existence of at least one more major breast cancer-susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Serova
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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35
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Schuffenecker I, Ginet N, Goldgar D, Eng C, Chambe B, Boneu A, Houdent C, Pallo D, Schlumberger M, Thivolet C, Lenoir GM. Prevalence and parental origin of de novo RET mutations in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. Le Groupe d'Etude des Tumeurs a Calcitonine. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 60:233-7. [PMID: 8981969 PMCID: PMC1712555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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36
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Oddoux C, Struewing JP, Clayton CM, Neuhausen S, Brody LC, Kaback M, Haas B, Norton L, Borgen P, Jhanwar S, Goldgar D, Ostrer H, Offit K. The carrier frequency of the BRCA2 6174delT mutation among Ashkenazi Jewish individuals is approximately 1%. Nat Genet 1996; 14:188-90. [PMID: 8841192 DOI: 10.1038/ng1096-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Certain germline mutations in either BRCA1 or BRCA2 confer a lifetime risk of developing breast cancer that may approach 90%. The BRCA1 185delAG mutation was found in 20% and the BRCA2 6174delT mutation in 8% of Ashkenazi Jewish women with early-onset breast cancer. The 185delAG mutation was observed in 0.9% of 858 Ashkenazi Jews unselected for a personal or family history of cancer. Assuming comparable age-specific penetrances, a carrier frequency of 0.3% was estimated for the 6174delT BRCA2 mutation. To test this hypothesis, we performed a population survey of 1,255 Jewish individuals. In two independent groups, a prevalence of approximately 1% (C.I. 0.6-1.5) was observed for the 6174delT mutation. The relative risk of developing breast cancer by age 42 was estimated to be 9.3 (C.I. 2.5-22.5) for 6174delT, compared to 31 (C.I. 11-77) for 185delAG. Analysis of 107 Ashkenazi Jewish women with breast cancer and a family history of breast or ovarian cancer confirmed a four-fold greater prevalence for the BRCA1 185delAG mutation compared to the BRCA2 6174delT mutation. Our findings suggest a difference in cumulative life-time penetrance for the two mutations. Genetic counseling for the one in 50 Ashkenazi Jewish individuals harbouring specific germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 must be tailored to reflect the different risks associated with the two mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oddoux
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
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37
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Offit K, Gilewski T, McGuire P, Schluger A, Hampel H, Brown K, Swensen J, Neuhausen S, Skolnick M, Norton L, Goldgar D. Germline BRCA1 185delAG mutations in Jewish women with breast cancer. Lancet 1996; 347:1643-5. [PMID: 8642955 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to find out the proportion of breast cancers in Ashkenazi Jewish women attributable to the frameshift mutation at position 185 involving the deletion of adenine and guanine (185delAG) in the breast cancer gene BRCA1. METHODS We studied 107 Ashkenazi Jewish women with breast cancer seen at medical oncology and genetic counseling clinics in New York over a three and a half year period beginning in 1992. 80 of the women were diagnosed before age 42 years; the other 27 were diagnosed between 42 and 50 years and had a positive family history. Genomic DNA testing by PCR amplification was done to identify any 185delAG mutations of the BRCA1 gene. FINDINGS Of the 80 women diagnosed before the age of 42 years, 16 (20%, 95% CI 11.2-28.8) were heterozygous for the mutation. All 16 women had at least one first-degree or second-degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer. Of 27 probands diagnosed with breast cancer between the ages of 42 and 50 years who had at least one first-degree relative affected with breast or ovarian cancer, 8 (30%, 95% CI 12-47) had 185delAG mutations. INTERPRETATION These data suggest that screening for the 185delAG mutation may be useful in genetic counselling of these women where options for detection and prevention of possible cancers can be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Human Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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38
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Neuhausen S, Gilewski T, Norton L, Tran T, McGuire P, Swensen J, Hampel H, Borgen P, Brown K, Skolnick M, Shattuck-Eidens D, Jhanwar S, Goldgar D, Offit K. Recurrent BRCA2 6174delT mutations in Ashkenazi Jewish women affected by breast cancer. Nat Genet 1996; 13:126-8. [PMID: 8673092 DOI: 10.1038/ng0596-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The lifetime risk of breast cancer may approach 80-90% in women who have germline mutations of either of two genes, BRCA1 or BRCA2. A single BRCA1 mutation, 185delAG, has been noted in approximately 20% of Ashkenazi Jewish women with early onset breast cancer and in 0.9% of the Ashkenazi population. We recently detected a 6174delT frameshift mutation in BRCA2 in an hereditary breast cancer kindred of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. Here, we investigated the frequency of this mutation in 200 women with early-onset breast cancer. Six of 80 Ashkenazi Jewish women (8%) diagnosed with breast cancer before the age of 42, wer heterozygous for the 6174delT mutation, compared to none of 93 non-Jewish women diagnosed with breast cancer at the same age (P = .005). These cases were ascertained without regard to family history. Two of 27 (7%) additional Jewish families in which the proband was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 42 to 50 and had a family history of breast or ovarian cancer had germline 6174delT mutations. The results of this report suggest that a recurrent mutation of BRCA1 and a recurrent mutation BRCA2 together may account for over a quarter of all early-onset breast cancer in the setting of a personal or family history of ovarian cancer in Ashkenazi Jewish women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Neuhausen
- Department of Human Genetics, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Abstract
The majority of, but not all, women with mutations in the BRCA1 gene will be affected with breast or ovarian cancer by the age of 70. To establish whether known risk factors modify susceptibility to cancer in these women, we have studied the reproductive histories of 333 North American women who were found by haplotype analysis to carry BRCA1 mutations. An increased risk for breast cancer was associated with low parity and with recent birth cohort. The risk of ovarian cancer decreased with increasing age at last childbirth; however, in contrast to the case for sporadic cancer, the risk of ovarian cancer in BRCA1 carriers was found to increase significantly with increasing parity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Narod
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Friend S, Borresen AL, Brody L, Casey G, Devilee P, Gayther S, Goldgar D, Murphy P, Weber BL, Wiseman R. Breast cancer information on the web. Nat Genet 1995; 11:238-9. [PMID: 7581445 DOI: 10.1038/ng1195-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Narod S, Ford D, Devilee P, Barkardottir RB, Eyfjord J, Lenoir G, Serova O, Easton D, Goldgar D. Genetic heterogeneity of breast-ovarian cancer revisited. Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. Am J Hum Genet 1995; 57:957-8. [PMID: 7573057 PMCID: PMC1801508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Chenevix-Trench G, Wicking C, Berkman J, Sharpe H, Hockey A, Haan E, Oley C, Ravine D, Turner A, Goldgar D. Further localization of the gene for nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) in 15 Australasian families: linkage and loss of heterozygosity. Am J Hum Genet 1993; 53:760-7. [PMID: 8352281 PMCID: PMC1682420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS; basal cell nevus syndrome or Gorlin syndrome) is a cancer-predisposition syndrome characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and diverse developmental defects. The gene for NBCCS has been mapped to 9q23.1-q31 in North American and European families. In addition, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for genetic markers in this region has been detected in sporadic BCCs, indicating that the NBCCS gene is probably a tumor-suppressor gene. In this study we have determined that the NBCCS gene is also linked to this region in Australasian pedigrees and that there is no significant evidence of heterogeneity. We have defined the localization of the gene by multipoint and haplotype analysis of 15 families, using four microsatellite markers. LOH at these loci was detected in 50% of sporadic BCCs, a rate that is significantly higher than that in other skin lesions used as controls.
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Eickhoff J, Molczyk L, Thigpen K, Goldgar D, Gallagher JC. 919 PROGESSIVE STRENGTH TRAINING. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199305001-00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gallagher J, Kable W, Goldgar D. 91137420 Effect of progestin therapy on cortical and trabecular bone: Comparison with estrogen. Maturitas 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5122(91)90154-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Oliphant AR, Wright EC, Swensen J, Gruis NA, Goldgar D, Skolnick MH. Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the D17S514 locus. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:4794. [PMID: 1891386 PMCID: PMC328754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A R Oliphant
- Department of Medical Informatics, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City 84108
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Oliphant AR, Wright EC, Swensen J, Gruis NA, Goldgar D, Skolnick MH. Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the D17S513 locus. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:4794. [PMID: 1891385 PMCID: PMC328753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A R Oliphant
- Department of Medical Informatics, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City 84108
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Gallagher JC, Kable WT, Goldgar D. Effect of progestin therapy on cortical and trabecular bone: comparison with estrogen. Am J Med 1991; 90:171-8. [PMID: 1847582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of progestin therapy on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women and to compare its effects to those of estrogen. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A prospective, randomized clinical trial was performed in 81 postmenopausal women aged 51.7 +/- 4.4 years (mean +/- SD). They were assigned to one of four groups: Provera 20 mg, Premarin 0.6 mg, Premarin 0.3 mg plus Provera 10 mg, and a placebo. In addition, all women received calcium supplementation, if necessary, to a calcium intake of 1,000 mg/day. We used single- and dual-photon absorpiometry, metacarpal radiogrammetry, and computed axial tomography to measure bone mineral density in the total skeleton, spine, radius, and metacarpal. RESULTS Women receiving placebo lost bone at all sites (p less than 0.01). The Provera-treated group showed no change in total body calcium, but there were decreases in radial density (p less than 0.01), metacarpal cortex (p less than 0.01), and spine density (p less than 0.01). The Premarin-treated group had an increase in spine density and total body density (p less than 0.05), but a decrease in radial density (p less than 0.05). The Premarin-plus-Provera group showed no change in spine density, total body calcium, or radial density but had a decrease in metacarpal cortex (p less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Compared to placebo, Provera reduced the rate of loss in cortical areas of the skeleton, but not in the spine, which contains more trabecular bone. In contrast, Premarin reduced the rate of loss in both cortical and trabecular areas of the skeleton. The low-dose combination of Premarin plus Provera was similar in its effect on bone to that of Premarin alone, suggesting that there may be a synergistic effect of this hormone combination on bone. Serum cholesterol levels decreased with Provera, Premarin, and the combination of both, whereas levels of serum triglycerides increased with Premarin treatment, decreased with the Provera regimen, and were unchanged with the combination therapy. Provera does not adversely affect the lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Gallagher
- Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
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Oliphant A, Wright E, Swensen J, Gruis N, Goldgar D, Skolnick M. Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the D17S514 locus. Nucleic Acids Res 1991. [DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.17.4794-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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49
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Oliphant A, Wright E, Swensen J, Gruis N, Goldgar D, Skolnick M. Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the D17S513 locus. Nucleic Acids Res 1991. [DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.17.4794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the efficacy of synthetic 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) in the treatment of osteoporosis. DESIGN Two-year, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. SETTING University medical center. PATIENTS Fifty postmenopausal women with vertebral fractures recruited by referral. INTERVENTION Calcium intake was adjusted to 25 mmol/d (1000 mg/d) at baseline. Patients were then randomized to treatment with either calcitriol or placebo. During the study, calcium intake was reduced to 15 mmol/d (600 mg/d) and the dose of calcitriol was adjusted to maintain serum calcium less than 2.74 mmol/L (less than 11.0 mg/dL) or urine calcium less than 9.96 mmol/d (less than 400 mg/d). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS After 2 years, the mean dose of calcitriol in the treated group was 0.62 micrograms/d. Bone mineral density of the spine increased 1.94% with calcitriol therapy and decreased 3.92% with placebo (P = 0.001). Total body calcium increased 0.21% with calcitriol therapy and decreased 1.85% with placebo (P = 0.004). Patients receiving placebo had significant decreases in spine density (P = 0.0007) and total body calcium (P = 0.0004). There were no differences in vertebral fracture rates between the groups. Renal function studies were not statistically different between the groups after 2 years. CONCLUSION The treatment of postmenopausal osteoporotic women with synthetic calcitriol for 2 years was associated with increases in spine density and total body calcium. No adverse effects on renal function were seen after long-term calcitriol therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Gallagher
- Bone Metabolism Unit, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131
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