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de Melo Gomes LC, de Oliveira Cunha AB, Peixoto LFF, Zanon RG, Botelho FV, Silva MJB, Pinto-Fochi ME, Góes RM, de Paoli F, Ribeiro DL. Photodynamic therapy reduces cell viability, migration and triggers necroptosis in prostate tumor cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00382-9. [PMID: 36867369 PMCID: PMC9983546 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in American men, aside from skin cancer. As an alternative cancer treatment, photodynamic laser therapy (PDT) can be used to induce cell death. We evaluated the PDT effect, using methylene blue as a photosensitizer, in human prostate tumor cells (PC3). PC3 were subjected to four different conditions: DMEM (control); laser treatment (L-660 nm, 100 mW, 100 J.cm-2); methylene blue treatment (MB-25 μM, 30 min), and MB treatment followed by low-level red laser irradiation (MB-PDT). Groups were evaluated after 24 h. MB-PDT treatment reduced cell viability and migration. However, because MB-PDT did not significantly increase the levels of active caspase-3 and BCL-2, apoptosis was not the primary mode of cell death. MB-PDT, on the other hand, increased the acid compartment by 100% and the LC3 immunofluorescence (an autophagy marker) by 254%. Active MLKL level, a necroptosis marker, was higher in PC3 cells after MB-PDT treatment. Furthermore, MB-PDT resulted in oxidative stress due to a decrease in total antioxidant potential, catalase levels, and increased lipid peroxidation. According to these findings, MB-PDT therapy is effective at inducing oxidative stress and reducing PC3 cell viability. In such therapy, necroptosis is also an important mechanism of cell death triggered by autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calazans de Melo Gomes
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology. Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Amanda Branquinho de Oliveira Cunha
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology. Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Fernandes Peixoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology. Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Renata Graciele Zanon
- Department of Anatomy. Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo José Barbosa Silva
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Maria Etelvina Pinto-Fochi
- Faculdade de Medicina, União das Faculdades Dos Grandes Lagos, São José Do Rio Preto-São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São José Do Rio Preto-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Paoli
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora-UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology. Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Silva NF, Mascarenhas FNADP, Ribeiro DL, Zanon RG. Alterations in the dentate gyrus of the offspring of rats treated with alprazolam during gestation. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 129:102253. [PMID: 36841439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Benzodiazepine (BZD) abuse is a global problem, including pregnant women. For this population, the drug of choice is usually alprazolam, which acts as a GABAergic agonist and may compromise the development of integrative areas of the nervous system, such as the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. In this context, we studied the changes in the DG of the offspring of rats treated with alprazolam during gestation: control, treatment 1 (T1: 1.25 mg/animal), and an overdose group (T2: 30 mg/animal). Alprazolam was administered orally ten days before mating and during the gestational period. After birth, newborns were counted, sexed, and the body mass of each pup was measured. The newborns' brains were extracted and processed for morphological study of the DG or for total protein extraction of the hippocampus. The results showed that alprazolam can affect the cell number and area, and increased euchromatin in both granular and molecular layers of the DG, especially in the overdose group. Also, alprazolam upregulated the NF-κB and reduced GFAP and caspase-3. Based on our findings, we conclude that the DG is a plausible region of influence by BZDs during embryogenesis. An overdose during gestation may cause structural changes in the DG.
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Mascarenhas FNADP, Silva NF, Menezes-Reis LT, Vieira LG, Hirano LQL, Botelho FV, Ribeiro DL, Zanon RG. Prenatal effects of alprazolam treatment on the immature cerebellum of rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:727-735. [PMID: 35916248 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of benzodiazepines (BZDs) during pregnancy, especially alprazolam, is common and its impact on the fetal neural tissue is not known. In this sense, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal treatment with alprazolam on the cerebellum of Wistar rat pups. Thirty animals (24 females and six males, CEUA protocol 014/17) were separated into pairs for copulation. Females were divided into three groups: Control (CT), treatment 1 (T1, 1.25 mg per animal), and treatment 2, which is an overdose (T2, 30 mg per animal). Alprazolam was administered 10 days before copulation and throughout pregnancy. We evaluated the number and weight of pups and the macroscopic changes in the brain. Eight neonates (n = 8) from each group were used in the following analyses: Cellular and chromatin density, gliosis, synaptic density, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The results showed no significant differences regarding the number of pups, body weight, and macroscopic changes. The morphological study focused on the external granular layer (EGL) that is presented only in the immature cerebellum. Here, we detected more cells after alprazolam treatment; the T2 group showed large nuclei and some pyknotic nuclei; also, both treated groups presented an increase in the euchromatin density compared with the control. The molecular and biochemical analyses used the total protein extract of the entire cerebellum and showed an increased expression of Iba-1 and NF-κBp65 but without indication of inflammation or degeneration in the T1 group. Overdose of alprazolam presented an increased level of oxidative degradation of lipids. The treatment with alprazolam during pregnancy involved cellular and molecular changes in the immature cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natália Ferreira Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Graciele Zanon
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
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Pytlowanciv EZ, Ribeiro DL, Tamarindo GH, Taboga SR, Góes RM. High-fat diet during sexual maturation induces hyperplastic differentiation of rat prostate and higher expression of AR45 isoform and ERα. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100674. [PMID: 35901618 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We examined the consequences of high-fat diet (HFD) on prostate histophysiology in two periods along sexual maturation of rats and the impact on the gland in adulthood. After weaning, male Wistar rats were fed a balanced diet (4 % fat-C3, C6, C9) or a HFD (20 % fat- HF3, HF6, HF9) for 3, 6 or 9 weeks. Fat deposit weights, blood glucose and levels of serum testosterone and estrogen were measured. Prostate was evaluated for histology, proliferative and apoptotic cell index, and for the expression of androgen (AR), estrogen receptors type α (ERα) and aromatase. HFD did not affect estrogen levels and elevated serum testosterone only in HF9. HFD reduced prostate weight in HF6 and increased it in adulthood (HF9) but relative prostate weight was unchanged among groups. Cell proliferation, height and density were higher in epithelium of all HFD-groups, compared to controls, featuring the epithelial hyperplasia. Epithelial apoptosis was lower in HF9. HF3 and HF9 exhibited higher expressions of ERα, indicating that HFD triggers a new activation of ERα expression in the acinar epithelium. The content of prostatic aromatase was also elevated in HF9. Increased numbers of AR-positive cells were observed in all HFD groups, and western blotting analysis showed an increase in the truncated form of 45 kDa (AR45) and a reduction in the expression of 110 kDa-AR for HF3 and HF9. In conclusion, excessive dietary fats during sexual maturation of rats led to developmental programming of the prostate, inducing a hyperplastic status with perturbations in AR isoforms expression and reactivation of ERα in adulthood, whose implications for posterior prostatic health could be detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Zanin Pytlowanciv
- Departament of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences. Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Henrique Tamarindo
- Departament of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Departament of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Departament of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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de Moura FBR, Ferreira BA, Muniz EH, Justino AB, Silva AG, Santos RDA, Gomide JAL, Ribeiro RIMDA, Ribeiro DL, Araújo FDA, Espindola FS, Tomiosso TC. Topic use of Annona crassiflora Mart. contributes to wound healing due to the antioxidant and proliferative effects of fibroblasts. Injury 2022; 53:844-857. [PMID: 34920876 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Annona crassiflora Mart. is a species native to the Cerrado biome, whose fruit is known as araticum or marolo. Plant parts are widely used in folk medicine to treat inflammation and pain associated with rheumatism, wounds, venereal diseases, snakebites, and microbial infections. Thus, we investigated a fraction rich in phenolic compounds (PCAc) obtained from the crude extract of the peel of these fruits on non-cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and collagen biosynthesis properties in the healing of wounds induced on the back of BALB/c mice. For the control group, the induced wounds were not treated and for the others, wounds were treated topically with vehicle or vehicle plus PCAc. Both fractions contained in PCAc demonstrated effective protection on fibroblasts. We highlight the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction which, in addition to the protective effect, has a proliferative activity on these cells. In addition, PCAc caused improvement in healing after 7 days of treatment and in the longest period of treatment with PCAc (7, 14, and 21 days) there was a greater contraction of the wound, accompanied by resolution of the inflammatory process, antioxidant defense, increasing collagen synthesis, and modulation of metalloproteinases. PCAc demonstrated better re-epithelialization and organization of the dermis at the end of treatment. The changes promoted by the phenolic compounds of A. crassiflora were important in the healing process, especially in activities related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francyelle Borges Rosa de Moura
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil; Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Antonio Ferreira
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | - Elusca Helena Muniz
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Gabriela Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, 35501-296 Divinópolis-MG, Brazil
| | - Rinara de Almeida Santos
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Assis Araújo
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Carla Tomiosso
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil; Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas-SP, Brazil.
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Borges Rosa de Moura F, Antonio Ferreira B, Helena Muniz E, Benatti Justino A, Gabriela Silva A, de Azambuja Ribeiro RIM, Oliveira Dantas N, Lisboa Ribeiro D, de Assis Araújo F, Salmen Espindola F, Christine Almeida Silva A, Carla Tomiosso T. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing effects of topical silver-doped zinc oxide and silver oxide nanocomposites. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121620. [PMID: 35219826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), silver oxide nanoparticles (AgO-NPs), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have healing, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs also have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we synthesized a nanocomposite using Ag-ZnO and AgO-NPs (Ag-ZnO/AgO NPs). The structural and morphological properties of nanocrystals and nanocomposite were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electronics microscopic. The wurtzite crystalline structure of Ag-ZnO and two morphologies for the nanocomposite (nanorods and nanoplatelets) were determined. Topical treatment with 1% Ag-ZnO/AgO NPs was compared to untreated wounds (control group). Wounds were induced in the dorsal region of BALB/c mice and evaluated after 3, 7, 14, and 21 days of treatment. The nanocomposite demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities. In addition, wounds treated with Ag-ZnO/AgO NPs showed accelerated closure, non-cytotoxicity, especially on keratinocytes and collagen deposition, and increased metalloproteinases 2 and 9 activity. The nanocomposite improved healing by reducing the inflammatory process, protecting tissues from damage caused by free radicals, and increasing collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix. These characteristics contributed to the accelerated wound closure process. Thus, Ag-ZnO/AgO NPs show potential for can be a strategy for topical use in formulations of new drugs to treat wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francyelle Borges Rosa de Moura
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil; Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, 13083-862, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Antonio Ferreira
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | - Elusca Helena Muniz
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Gabriela Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, 35501-296, Divinópolis-MG, Brazil
| | | | - Noelio Oliveira Dantas
- Laboratory of New Nanostructured and Functional Materials, Physics Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-900, Maceió-AL, Brazil
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Assis Araújo
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | - Anielle Christine Almeida Silva
- Laboratory of New Nanostructured and Functional Materials, Physics Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-900, Maceió-AL, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Northeast Network in Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Carla Tomiosso
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil; Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, 13083-862, Campinas-SP, Brazil.
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de Moura FBR, Ferreira BA, Deconte SR, Landim BC, Justino AB, Aro AAD, Espindola FS, Rodrigues RAF, Ribeiro DL, Araújo FDA, Tomiosso TC. Wound healing activity of the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. Ex Reis. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:446-456. [PMID: 34522639 PMCID: PMC8427480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Maytenus ilicifolia has analgesic, healing, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of M. ilicifolia leaves on skin wound repair. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Wounds were induced on mice and treated with the extract. The treatment was performed daily, until day 7 after wound induction. Wound closure was measured and the features of the repaired tissue were investigated, including mast cell quantification, neutrophil and macrophage activities, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and pro-metalloproteases and metalloproteases 2 and 9 activity (pro-MMPs and MMPs). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The M. ilicifolia extract accelerated the closure of wounds. The extract at a concentration of 4% was found to be effective, presenting anti-inflammatory effects and hemoglobin increased, along with increased soluble, total and type III collagens in the wound. In addition, there was an increase in pro-MMP9 and MMP9 activity after day 7th of treatment. The phenolic compounds and tannins present in this plant could be associated with the anti-inflammatory and healing activities observed in this study. Therefore, the ability to modulate essential parameters for accelerated and adequate healing as shown here suggests that the use of standardised extracts of M. ilicifolia and its fractions enriched in polyphenols may represent a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francyelle Borges Rosa de Moura
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenue Pará 1720, zip code 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Street Monteiro Lobato, 255, zip code 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Antonio Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenue Pará 1720, zip code 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Street Acre 1004, zip code 38405-319, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone Ramos Deconte
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenue Pará 1720, zip code 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Breno Costa Landim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenue Pará 1720, zip code 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Allisson Benatti Justino
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Street Acre 1004, zip code 38405-319, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Andrea Aparecida de Aro
- Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Street Monteiro Lobato, 255, zip code 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Street Acre 1004, zip code 38405-319, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodney Alexandre Ferreira Rodrigues
- Multidisciplinary Center of Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Research, State University of Campinas, Street Alexandre Cazelatto 999, zip code 13148-218, Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenue Pará 1720, zip code 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Assis Araújo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenue Pará 1720, zip code 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Carla Tomiosso
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenue Pará 1720, zip code 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Cassimiro IS, Cruz AR, Bosque BP, de Melo Gomes LC, Zanon RG, da Costa Silva JR, Fujimura PT, Ueira-Vieira C, Ribeiro DL. Rat postnatal prostate development is impaired by in vitro high-glucose environment. Reproduction 2021; 160:469-480. [PMID: 32520720 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The prostate development has an important postnatal period where cell proliferation begins at the first days after birth and is related to gland growth and ramification. Any metabolic and/or hormonal changes occurring during the postnatal period can interfere with prostate branching. Hyperglycemia is a common condition in low-weight preterm babies at neonatal period and also a disorder found in the offspring of obese mothers. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of a glucose-rich environment during prostate postnatal development. Wistar rats prostate were removed at birth and cultured for 1, 2 and 3 days in DMEM under normal (5.5 mM) or elevated (7 and 25 mM) glucose concentrations. Samples were processed for morphological analysis, PCNA and smooth muscle α-actin immunohistochemistry, evaluation of active caspase-3, ERK1/2 and Wnt5a gene expression. High glucose concentrations reduced the number of prostatic buds and proliferating cells. The natural increase in smooth muscle cells and collagen deposition observed in control prostates during the first 3 days of development was reduced by elevated glucose concentrations. The amount of active caspase-3 was higher in prostates incubated at 7 mM and TGF-β levels also increased sharply after both glucose concentrations. Additionally, high glucose environment decreased ERK 1/2 activation and increased Wnt5a expression. These data show that high levels of glucose during the first postnatal days affected prostate development by inhibiting cell proliferation which impairs bud branching and this was associated with anti-proliferative signals such as decreased ERK1/2 activation and increased Wnt5a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Silva Cassimiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embriology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerai, Brazil
| | - Amanda Rodrigues Cruz
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embriology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerai, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Pelegrini Bosque
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embriology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerai, Brazil
| | - Laura Calazans de Melo Gomes
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embriology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerai, Brazil
| | - Renata Graciele Zanon
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerai, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Regina da Costa Silva
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerai, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Tieme Fujimura
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerai, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ueira-Vieira
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerai, Brazil
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embriology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerai, Brazil
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Serpeloni JM, Specian AFL, Ribeiro DL, Benício LM, Nunes HL, Franchi LP, Rocha CQ, Vilegas W, Varanda EA, Cólus IMS. Fridericia platyphylla (Cham.) L.G. Lohmann root extract exerts cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on gastric tumor cells and downregulates BCL-XL, BIRC5, and MET genes. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:338-354. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119888261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fridericia platyphylla (Cham.) L.G. Lohmann (FP) has cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. We aimed to characterize the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of FP extract on normal (GAS) and tumor-derived (ACP02 and HepG2) cell lines. The effective concentrations (EC50s) by tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT) were 56.16, 43.68, and 42.57 µg mL−1 and 69.38, 41.73, and 52.39 µg mL−1 by neutral red assay for GAS, ACP02, and HepG2 cells, respectively. The extract decreased nuclear division indices, which was not reflected in cell proliferation curves. Flow cytometric analyses showed that even 30 µg mL−1 extract (shown to be noncytotoxic by MTT assay) increased the sub-G1 population, indicating cell death due to apoptosis and necrosis. A cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay showed that 30 µg mL−1 of the extract increased the frequency of nuclear buds in tumor cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed CCND1 upregulation in doxorubicin-treated GAS cells and BCL-XL, BIRC5, and MET downregulation in 5 or 30 µg mL−1 in FP extract-treated ACP02 cells. In conclusion, FP extract modulated apoptosis- and cell cycle-related genes and presented selective cytotoxicity toward tumor cells that deserves further investigation by testing other cell types. Our results demonstrated that even medicinal plants exert adverse effects depending on the extract concentrations used and tissues investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM Serpeloni
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - AFL Specian
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - DL Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - LM Benício
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - HL Nunes
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - LP Franchi
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis, Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - CQ Rocha
- Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Phytomedicines, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - W Vilegas
- Campus Litoral Paulista, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, Brazil
| | - EA Varanda
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - IMS Cólus
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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10
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Nogueira PAS, Pereira MP, Soares JJG, de Assis Silva Gomes J, Ribeiro DL, Razolli DS, Velloso LA, Neto MB, Zanon RG. Swimming reduces fatty acids-associated hypothalamic damage in mice. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 103:101713. [PMID: 31726089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The arcuate and the paraventricular and lateral hypothalamic nuclei, related to hunger and satiety control, are generally compromised by excess fatty acids. In this situation, fatty acids cause inflammation via TLR4 (toll like receptor 4) and the nuclei become less responsive to the hormones leptin and insulin, contributing to the development of obesity. In this work, these nuclei were analyzed in animals fed with high-fat diet and submitted to swimming without and with load for two months. For this, frontal sections of the hypothalamus were immunolabelled with GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), synaptophysin, IL-6 (interleukin 6) and TLR4. Also, proteins extracted from the hypothalamus were analyzed using Western blotting (GFAP and synaptophysin), fluorometric analysis for caspases 3 and 7, and CBA (cytometric bead array) for Th1, Th2, and Th17 profiles. The high-fat diet significantly caused overweight and, in the hypothalamus, decreased synapses and increased astrocytic reactivity. The swimming with load, especially 80 % of the maximum load, reduced those consequences. The high-fat diet increased TLR4 in the arcuate nucleus and the swimming exercise with 80 % of the maximum load showed a tendency of reducing this expression. Swimming did not significantly influence the inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus or in plasma. The high-fat diet in sedentary animals increased the expression of caspases 3 and 7 and swimming practice reduced this increment to levels compatible with animals fed on a normal diet. The set of results conclude that the impact of swimming on the damage caused in the hypothalamus by a high-fat diet is positive. The different aspects analyzed in here point to better cellular viability and conservation of the synapses in the hypothalamic nuclei of overweight animals that practiced swimming with a load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Augusto Silva Nogueira
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam Pimenta Pereira
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana de Assis Silva Gomes
- Laboratory of Cellular Interactions Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Soares Razolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licio Augusto Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Morun Bernardino Neto
- Department of Basic and Environmental Sciences, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Graciele Zanon
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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11
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Rezende LP, Galheigo MRU, Landim BC, Cruz AR, Botelho FV, Zanon RG, Góes RM, Ribeiro DL. Effect of glucose and palmitate environment on proliferation and migration of PC3‐prostate cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:373-383. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Prometti Rezende
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and EmbriologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences—ICBIMFederal University of UberlândiaUberlândiaBrazil
| | - Maria Raquel Unterkircher Galheigo
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and EmbriologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences—ICBIMFederal University of UberlândiaUberlândiaBrazil
| | - Breno Costa Landim
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and EmbriologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences—ICBIMFederal University of UberlândiaUberlândiaBrazil
| | - Amanda Rodrigues Cruz
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and EmbriologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences—ICBIMFederal University of UberlândiaUberlândiaBrazil
| | | | - Renata Graciele Zanon
- Department of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences—ICBIMFederal University of UberlândiaUberlândiaBrazil
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact SciencesState University of São Paulo—UNESPSão PauloBrazil
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and EmbriologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences—ICBIMFederal University of UberlândiaUberlândiaBrazil
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12
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Pinto-Fochi ME, Pytlowanciv EZ, Reame V, Rafacho A, Ribeiro DL, Taboga SR, Góes RM. A high-fat diet fed during different periods of life impairs steroidogenesis of rat Leydig cells. Reproduction 2016; 152:795-808. [PMID: 27679864 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) during different stages of rat life, associated or not with maternal obesity, on the content of sex steroid hormones and morphophysiology of Leydig cells. The following periods of development were examined: gestation (O1), gestation and lactation (O2), from weaning to adulthood (O3), from lactation to adulthood (O4), gestation to adulthood (O5), and after sexual maturation (O6). The HFD contained 20% unsaturated fat, whereas the control diet had 4% fat. Maternal obesity was induced by feeding HFD 15 weeks before mating. All HFD groups presented increased body weight, hyperinsulinemia and reduced insulin sensitivity. Except for O1, all HFD groups exhibited a higher adiposity index, hyperleptinemia, reduced testosterone and estradiol testicular levels, and decreased testicular 17β-HSD enzyme . Morphometrical analyses indicated atrophy of Leydig cells in the O2 group. Myelin vesicles were observed in the mitochondrial matrix of Leydig cells in O3, O4, O5 and O6, and autophagosomes containing mitochondria were found in O5 and O6. In conclusion, HFD feeding, before or after sexual maturation, reduces the functional capacity of rat Leydig cells. Maternal obesity associated with HFD during pregnancy/lactation prejudices Leydig cell steroidogenesis and induces its atrophy in adulthood, even if it is replaced by a conventional diet at later stages of life. Regardless of the life period of exposure to HFD, deregulation of leptin is the main factor related to steroidogenic impairment of Leydig cells, and, in groups exposed for longer periods (O3, O4, O5 and O6), this is worsened by structural damage and mitochondrial degeneration of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Etelvina Pinto-Fochi
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloísa Zanin Pytlowanciv
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional BiologyInstitute of Biology, State University of Campinas, IB/UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Reame
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological SciencesFederal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Department of Histology- ICBIMFederal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional BiologyInstitute of Biology, State University of Campinas, IB/UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil .,Department of Structural and Functional BiologyInstitute of Biology, State University of Campinas, IB/UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Galheigo MRU, Cruz AR, Cabral ÁS, Faria PR, Cordeiro RS, Silva MJB, Tomiosso TC, Gonçalves BF, Pinto-Fochi ME, Taboga SR, Góes RM, Ribeiro DL. Role of the TNF-α receptor type 1 on prostate carcinogenesis in knockout mice. Prostate 2016; 76:917-26. [PMID: 27018768 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNF-α is a key cytokine involved in prostate carcinogenesis and is mediated by the TNF-α receptor type 1 (TNFR-1). This receptor triggers two opposite pathways: cell death or cell survival and presents a protective or stimulator role in cancer. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of TNF signaling in chemically induced prostate carcinogenesis in mice. METHODS C57bl/6 wild type (WT) and p55 TNFR-1 knockout mice (KO) were treated with mineral oil (control) or N-methyl N-nitrosurea (MNU) in association with testosterone (MNU+T, single injection of 40 mg/kg and weekly injection 2 mg/kg, respectively) over the course of 6 months. After this induction period, prostate samples were processed for histological and biochemical analysis. RESULTS MNU+T treatment led to the development of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and adenocarcinoma (PCa) in both WT and KO animals; however, the incidence of PCa was lower in KO group than in WT. Cell proliferation analysis showed that PCNA levels were significantly lower in the KO group, even after carcinogenesis induction. Furthermore, the prostate of KO animals had lower levels of p65 and p-mTOR after treatment with MNU+T than WT. There was also a decrease in prostate androgen receptor levels after induction of carcinogenesis in both KO and WT mice. Regarding the extracellular matrix in the prostate, KO mice had higher levels of fibronectin and lower levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) after carcinogenesis. Finally, there was a similar increase in apoptosis in both groups after carcinogenesis, indicating that the TNAFr1 pathway in prostate carcinogenesis presented proliferative, and not apoptotic, stimuli. CONCLUSIONS TNF-α, through its receptor TNFR-1, promoted cell proliferation and cell survival in prostate by activation of the AKT/mTOR and NFKB pathway, which stimulated prostate carcinogenesis in chemically induced mice. Prostate 76: 917-926, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Rodrigues Cruz
- Histology Sector, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ágata Silva Cabral
- Histology Sector, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rogério Faria
- Histology Sector, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Renato Simões Cordeiro
- Histology Sector, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo José Barbosa Silva
- Immunology Sector, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Carla Tomiosso
- Histology Sector, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Bianca Fachim Gonçalves
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista (IBB/UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Etelvina Pinto-Fochi
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista (IBILCE/UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista (IBILCE/UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista (IBILCE/UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Histology Sector, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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14
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Mello MB, Machado CS, Ribeiro DL, Aissa AF, Burim RV, Alves da Cunha MA, Barcelos GRM, Antunes LMG, Bianchi MLP. Protective effects of the exopolysaccharide Lasiodiplodan against DNA damage and inflammation induced by doxorubicin in rats: Cytogenetic and gene expression assays. Toxicology 2016; 376:66-74. [PMID: 27181935 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The lasiodiplodan (LS) is a β-(1→6)-d-glucan produced by the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae and some of the biological activities of LS were reported as hypoglycemic, anticoagulant, anti-proliferative and anticancer action; however, its effects on DNA instability and modulation of gene expression are still unclear. Aims of study were investigate the genotoxic effects of lasiodiplodan, and its protective activity against DNA damage induced by doxorubicin (DXR) and its impact on the expression of genes associated with DNA damage and inflammatory response pathways. Therefore, Wistar rats were treated (15 days) orally with LS (5.0; 10 and 20mg/kg bw) alone and in combination with DXR (15mg/kg bw; administrated intraperitoneally on 14th day) as well as their respective controls: distilled water and DXR. Monitoring of DNA damage was assessed by comet and micronucleus (MN) assays and gene expression was evaluated by PCR-Arrays. Treatments with LS alone did not induce disturbances on DNA; when LS was given in combination with DXR, comet and MN formations were reduced to those found in the respective controls. Moreover, LS was able to reduce the disturbances on gene expressions induced by DXR treatment, since the animals that receive LS associated with DXR showed no alteration in the expression of genes related to DNA damage response. Also, DXR induced several up- and down-regulation of several genes associated to inflammatory process, while the animals that received LS+DXR had their gene expression patterns similar to those found in the control group. In conclusion, our results showed that LS did not induce disturbances on DNA stability and significantly reduce the DNA damage and inflammation caused by DXR exposure. In addition, we give further information concerning the molecular mechanisms associated to LS protective effects which seems to be a promising nutraceutical with chemopreventive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Mello
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n°, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C S Machado
- Department of Genetics; School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D L Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics; School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A F Aissa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n°, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R V Burim
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n°, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Alves da Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology of Paraná, Via do Conhecimento, km 01, CEP 85503-390, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
| | - G R M Barcelos
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n°, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, CEP 11015-020, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - L M G Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n°, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M L P Bianchi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n°, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Pytlowanciv EZ, Pinto-Fochi ME, Reame V, Gobbo MG, Ribeiro DL, Taboga SR, Góes RM. Differential ontogenetic exposure to obesogenic environment induces hyperproliferative status and nuclear receptors imbalance in the rat prostate at adulthood. Prostate 2016; 76:662-78. [PMID: 26847797 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental data indicate that high-fat diet (HFD) may alter proliferative activity and prostate health. However, the consequences of HFD exposure during different periods of ontogenetic development on prostate histophysiology remain to be elucidated. Herein, we compare the influence of obesogenic environment (OE) due to maternal obesity and HFD at different periods of life on proliferative activity and nuclear receptors frequency in the rat ventral prostate and a possible relationship with metabolic and hormonal alterations. METHODS Male Wistar rats (19 weeks old), treated with balanced chow (Control group-C; 3% high-fat, 3.5 Kcal/g), were compared with those exposed to HFD (20% high-fat, 4.9 kcal/g) during gestation (G-maternal obesity), gestation and lactation (GL), from post-weaning to adulthood (WA), from lactation to adulthood (LA) and from gestation to adulthood (GA). After the experimental period, the ventral prostate lobes were removed and analyzed with different methods. RESULTS Metabolic data indicated that G and GL rats became insulin resistant and WA, LA, and GA became insulin resistant and obese. There was a strong inverse correlation between serum testosterone (∼133% lower) and leptin levels (∼467% higher) in WA, LA, and GA groups. Estrogen serum levels increased in GA, and insulin levels increased in all groups, especially in WA (64.8×). OE-groups exhibited prostatic hypertrophy, since prostate weight increased ∼40% in G, GL, LA, and GA and 31% in WA. As indicated by immunohistochemistry, all HFD-groups except G exhibited an increase in epithelial cell proliferation (PCNA-positive) and a decrease in frequency of AR- and ERβ-positive epithelial cells; there was also an increment of ERα-positive stromal cells in comparison with control. Cells containing PPARγ increased in both epithelium and stroma of all OE groups and those expressing LXRα decreased, particularly in groups OE-exposed during gestation (G, GL and GA). CONCLUSIONS OE leads to prostate hypertrophy regardless of the period of development and, except when restricted to gestation, leads to a hyperproliferative status which was correlated to downregulation of AR and LXRα and upregulation of ERα and PPARγ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Zanin Pytlowanciv
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Etelvina Pinto-Fochi
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Reame
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Guimarães Gobbo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Histology Sector, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Martins JH, Santos CS, Silva MAV, Aguiar HMVSB, França IG, Pereira HG, Ribeiro DL, Chaves RM, Souza JAT, Monteiro BM, Sá Filho MF, Torres-Júnior JRS. Impact of puberty status and melengestrol acetate supplementation before the breeding period on reproductive efficiency of Bos indicus beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:2796-805. [PMID: 26115267 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-8799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were designed to evaluate the impact of puberty status and the administration of melengestrol acetate (MGA) before onset of the breeding period on ovulatory responses (Exp. 1) and conception rate after AI performed on estrus detection during 10 d and the pregnancy rate through 80 d of breeding period (Exp. 2) of pasture-grazed beef heifers. In Exp. 1, heifers (15 pubertal and 15 prepubertal) received 0.5 mg per heifer/d -1 of MGA over 14 d. No differences in the ovulatory responses were found 10 d after the MGA administration (pubertal = 46.7% vs. prepubertal P = 53.3%; P = 0.72). In Exp. 2, 368 heifers were randomly assigned to groups according to pubertal status and the MGA treatment. All heifers were inseminated on estrus detection for up 10 d after MGA administration and following exposure to bulls between 20 and 80 d. The MGA-treated heifers exhibited a greater AI service rate than control heifers (72.1 vs. 41.6%;P < 0.01); however, heifers receiving MGA had lower conception results following AI (51.6 vs. 71.4%; P = 0.01). In addition, MGA-treated heifers were more likely to have a corpus luteum in the middle of the breeding period (95.3 vs. 87.5%;P < 0.01), although the Cox proportional hazard of pregnancy rate was similar (P = 0.29) at the end of the breeding period. At onset of the breeding period, pubertal heifers presented a greater pregnancy rate following AI (pubertal P = 42.2% vs. prepubertal P = 24.9%; P = 0.01). Therefore, pubertal heifers seem to have greater overall reproductive efficiency than prepubertal heifers, particularly at the beginning of the breeding period. Interestingly, administration of MGA before the onset of the breeding period increased AI service rate but did not alter the rate of pregnancy throughout the breeding period of pasture-grazed beef heifers.
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17
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Cilião HL, Ribeiro DL, Camargo-Godoy RBO, Specian AFL, Serpeloni JM, Cólus IMS. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of high concentrations of the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine and tacrolimus in MRC-5 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:179-87. [PMID: 25541063 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs are used to suppress immune system activity in transplant patients and reduce the risk of organ rejection. The present study evaluated the potential cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic of the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK-506) on normal human fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells). Based on plasma concentrations of the immunosuppressive drugs, which were obtained from the records of kidney transplant patients at the Kidney Institute of Londrina, Brazil, 11 concentrations of each immunosuppressive were chosen to evaluate cell viability using the MTT assay. From these results, CsA and FK-506 concentrations of 135, 300, 675, and 1520 ng/ml and 8, 16, 24, and 32 ng/ml, respectively, were evaluated using (i) the comet assay, (ii) the nuclear division index (NDI), (iii) the micronucleus test (CBMN) and (iv) cell proliferation curves generated by quantifying cell numbers and protein levels. In this study, 1520 to 3420 ng/ml CsA decreased cell viability after 48 h of exposure. Genotoxic effects were observed only with a concentration of 1520 ng/ml after 3h of exposure and with concentrations of 675 and 1520 ng/ml after 24h of exposure. Mutagenic effects were observed only for the concentration of 1520 ng/ml. FK-506 decreased cell viability after 72 h of exposure for concentrations up to 20 ng/ml; genotoxic effects were observed with concentrations up to 8 ng/ml for both treatment times (3 and 24h) and mutagenic effects were observed with concentrations of 24 and 32 ng/ml after 24h of treatment. The cell proliferation curves demonstrated the absence of cytostatic effects of these drugs, and these data were confirmed by the NDI analysis. Our results suggest that concentrations lower than 300 ng/ml of CsA and 16 ng/ml of FK-506 are safe for use, as they did not induce genotoxic and mutagenic damage or affect MRC-5 cell viability and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Cilião
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - D L Ribeiro
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - R B O Camargo-Godoy
- Center of Health Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - A F L Specian
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - J M Serpeloni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, Km 1, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - I M S Cólus
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Silva SA, Gobbo MG, Pinto-Fochi ME, Rafacho A, Taboga SR, Almeida EA, Góes RM, Ribeiro DL. Prostate hyperplasia caused by long-term obesity is characterized by high deposition of extracellular matrix and increased content of MMP-9 and VEGF. Int J Exp Pathol 2014; 96:21-30. [PMID: 25529509 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a positive association of cancer and obesity, but the morphological and molecular mechanisms involved in this relationship are still unknown. This study analysed the impact of long-term obesity on rat prostate, focusing on stromal changes. Male adult Wistar rats were treated with high-fat diet to induce obesity, while the control group received a balanced diet. After 30 weeks of feeding, the ventral prostate was analysed by immunohistochemistry for cell proliferation, smooth muscle α-actin, vimentin, chondroitin sulphate and metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and 9). The content of androgen receptor (AR), oestrogen receptors (ERs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured by Western blotting, and activity of catalase and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) were quantified by enzymatic assay. Long-term obesity decreased testosterone plasma levels by 70% and resulted in stromal prostate hyperplasia, as evidenced by increased collagen fibres. Such stromal hyperplasia was associated with increased number of blood vessels and raised VEGF content, and increased expression of chondroitin sulphate, vimentin, α-actin and MMP-9. In spite of the high cell density in prostate, the proliferative activity was lower in the prostates of obese rats, indicating that hyperplasia was established during the early phases in this obesity model. AR levels increased significantly, whereas the ERα decreased in this group. Moreover, the levels of catalase and GST were changed considerably. These findings indicate that long-term obesity, besides disturbing the antioxidant control, causes intense stromal remodelling and release of factors that create an environment that can promote proliferative disorders in the gland, culminating with diffuse hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Amâncio Silva
- Histology Sector, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia- UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Reame V, Pytlowanciv EZ, Ribeiro DL, Pissolato TF, Taboga SR, Góes RM, Pinto-Fochi ME. Obesogenic environment by excess of dietary fats in different phases of development reduces spermatic efficiency of wistar rats at adulthood: correlations with metabolic status. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:151. [PMID: 25339108 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.121962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compares the impact of obesogenic environment (OE) in six different periods of development on sperm parameters and the testicular structure of adult rats and their correlations with sex steroid and metabolic scenario. Wistar rats were exposed to OE during gestation (O1), during gestation/lactation (O2), from weaning to adulthood (O3), from lactation to adulthood (O4), from gestation to sexual maturity (O5), and after sexual maturation (O6). OE was induced by a 20% fat diet, and control groups were fed a balanced diet (4% fat). Serum leptin levels and adiposity index indicate that all groups were obese, except for O1. Three progressive levels of impaired metabolic status were observed: O1 presented insulin resistance, O2 were insulin resistant and obese, and groups O3, O4, and O5 were insulin resistant, obese, and diabetic. These three levels of metabolic damage were proportional to the increase of leptin and decreased circulating testosterone. The impairment in the daily sperm production (DSP) paralleled these three levels of metabolic and hormonal damage being marginal in O1, increasing in O2, and being higher in groups O3, O4, O5, and O6. None of the OE periods affected the sperm transit time in the epididymis, and the lower sperm reserves were caused mainly by impaired DSP. In conclusion, OE during sexual maturation markedly reduces the DSP at adulthood in the rat. A severe reduction in the DSP also occurs in OE exposure during gestation/lactation but not in gestation, indicating that breast-feeding is a critical period for spermatogenic impairment under obesogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Reame
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloísa Zanin Pytlowanciv
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Department of Histology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago Feres Pissolato
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Etelvina Pinto-Fochi
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Damasceno AA, Carvalho CP, Santos EMB, Botelho FV, Araújo FA, Deconte SR, Tomiosso TC, Balbi APC, Zanon RG, Taboga SR, Góes RM, Ribeiro DL. Effects of maternal diabetes on male offspring: high cell proliferation and increased activity of MMP-2 in the ventral prostate. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:257-69. [PMID: 24988912 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive view of the histological and functional status of the prostate of adult rat offspring of mothers subjected to gestational diabetes induced by alloxan. The ventral prostate of male adult offspring of diabetic (DP) or normal (CP) mothers was evaluated for collagen fibres, cell death, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, cell proliferation, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), androgen receptors (AR), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ-1), catalase and total antioxidant activity. The prostates of DP animals were lower in weight than those of the CP group. The DP group also exhibited hyperglycaemia and hypotestosteronemia, higher cell proliferation and AR expression, a reduction in α-actin (possibly interfering with the reproductive function of the prostate), and enhanced activity of MMP-2, although the absolute content of MMP-2 was lower in this group. These findings were associated with increased TGFβ-1 and decreased collagen distribution. The prostates of DP rats additionally exhibited reductions in catalase and total antioxidant activity. Thus, rats developing in a diabetic intrauterine environment have glycaemic and hormonal changes that impact on the structure and physiology of the prostate in adulthood. The increased AR expression possibly leads to elevated cell proliferation. Stromal remodelling was characterized by enhanced activity of MMP-2 and collagen degradation, even with increased TGFβ-1 activation. These changes associated with increased oxidative stress might interfere with tissue architecture and glandular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Damasceno
- Histology Sector, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Ribeiro DL, Góes RM, Pinto-Fochi ME, Taboga SR, Abrahamsson PA, Dizeyi N. AKT and AMPK activation after high-fat and high-glucose in vitro treatment of prostate epithelial cells. Horm Metab Res 2014; 46:471-6. [PMID: 24799027 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1370991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Considering the increasing consumption of saturated fat and glucose in diets worldwide and its possible association to carcinogenesis, this investigation analysed the proliferation profile of nonmalignant human prostate epithelial cells after exposure to elevated levels of fat and glucose. PNT1A cells were cultured with palmitate (100 or 200 μM) and/or glucose (450 mg/dl) for 24 or 48 h. Treated cells were evaluated for viability test and cell proliferation (MTS assay). AKT and AMPK phosphorylation status were analysed by Western blotting. After 24 h of high-fat alone or associated with high-glucose treatment, there was an increase in AMPK and AKT activation associated to unchanged MTS-cell proliferation. Following 48 h of high-fat but not high-glucose alone, cells decreased AMPK activation and maintained elevated AKT levels. These data were associated to increased cell proliferation after further high-fat treatment. After longer high-fat exposure, MTS revealed that cells remained proliferating. High-glucose alone or associated to high-fat treatment was not able to increase cell proliferation and AKT activation. A high-fat medium containing 100 μM of palmitate stimulates proliferation in PNT1A cells by decreasing the activation of AMPK and increasing activation of AKT after longer exposure time. These findings improve the knowledge about the negative effect of high levels of this saturated fatty acid on proliferative disorders of prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Ribeiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - R M Góes
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M E Pinto-Fochi
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S R Taboga
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P-A Abrahamsson
- Department of Urology, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - N Dizeyi
- Department of Urology, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Ribeiro DL, Pinto ME, Maeda SY, Taboga SR, Góes RM. High fat-induced obesity associated with insulin-resistance increases FGF-2 content and causes stromal hyperplasia in rat ventral prostate. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 349:577-88. [PMID: 22661309 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity affects sex hormone secretion, which can negatively influence prostatic structure, homeostasis, and disease. This investigation aimed to evaluate the repercussions of obesity induced by a high-fat diet on the rat prostate, with or without treatment with the aromatase inhibitor, Letrozole. Adult Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet (20% saturated fat, O) for 15 weeks to induce obesity or received a balanced diet (4% fat, C). Then, a group of C and O rats were daily treated with Letrozole (1 mg/kg b.w. per day) for 2 weeks (CL and OL, respectively). Subsequently, ventral prostate was processed for analysis by transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Obesity decreased 70% of the testosterone plasma level. The prostate showed epithelial atrophy and dilated acini in the intermediate portion and epithelial wrinkling in the distal tips. The relative frequency of smooth muscle α-actin in the O group increased by 67%. Ultrastructurally, epithelial cells in obese animals presented altered secretory organelles, lipid droplets, and thicker subjacent fibromuscular layer. Letrozole treatment caused a partial restoration of the prostatic changes caused by obesity. Obesity increased the prostatic content of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) by 150%, and Letrozole treatment increased this protein even more in the control and obese groups. This investigation shows that obesity provokes structural and ultrastructural changes in the epithelium of rat prostate; these changes might affect gland homeostasis and physiology. The epithelial and smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and increased FGF-2 expression observed in this experimental model of obesity/insulin-resistance might explain the high frequency of benign prostatic hyperplasia in insulin-resistant men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Department of Histology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Gobbo MG, Ribeiro DL, Taboga SR, de Almeida EA, Góes RM. Oxidative stress markers and apoptosis in the prostate of diabetic rats and the influence of vitamin C treatment. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2223-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Campos SG, Gonçalves BF, Scarano WR, Ribeiro DL, Góes RM, Taboga SR. Prostatic stromal cells of old gerbils respond to steroidal blockades creating a microenvironment similar to reactive stroma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Rafacho A, Abrantes JLF, Ribeiro DL, Paula FM, Pinto ME, Boschero AC, Bosqueiro JR. Morphofunctional alterations in endocrine pancreas of short- and long-term dexamethasone-treated rats. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:275-81. [PMID: 21225543 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-term dexamethasone therapy may induce peripheral insulin resistance (IR), which in turn elicits increased beta-cell function and proliferation. However, whether such adaptive compensations occur during short-term treatment with dexamethasone is unclear. Here, we compared morphofunctional parameters in endocrine pancreas after short- and long-term dexamethasone administration. Groups of rats received daily i. p. injection of 1 mg/kg b. w. dexamethasone for 1 (DEX-1), 3 (DEX-3), or 5 consecutive days (DEX-5), whilst control rats were saline-treated (CTL). Despite the absence of apparent IR in DEX-1 rats, this group exhibited increased circulating insulin levels and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), compared to the CTL group (p<0.05). Evident IR as well as marked hyperinsulinemia and GSIS, as judged by the static and dynamic insulin secretion values, were observed in DEX-3 and DEX-5 rats (p<0.05). GSIS in islets cultured with 1 μM dexamethasone was lower compared to the control (p<0.05). Marked increases in beta-cell proliferation were observed in DEX-3 and DEX-5 rats, compared to CTL and DEX-1 rats (p<0.05). The alterations observed in DEX-3 rats were more pronounced in DEX-5 rats, which also exhibited a higher content of islet Cdk4 and Cd2 proteins, compared to the CTL group (p<0.05). We conclude that short-term dexamethasone treatment (DEX-1) induces an increase in beta-cell function that does not require the presence of discernible IR. As the treatment continues, the IR develops rapidly, and increased insulin secretion as well as beta-cell hyperplasia is demanded for the appropriate maintenance of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rafacho
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Rafacho A, Quallio S, Ribeiro DL, Taboga SR, Paula FMM, Boschero AC, Bosqueiro JR. The adaptive compensations in endocrine pancreas from glucocorticoid-treated rats are reversible after the interruption of treatment. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2010; 200:223-35. [PMID: 20456283 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Glucocorticoid administration induces insulin resistance (IR) and enhances islet mass and insulin secretion in rodents and humans. Here, we analysed whether these effects are still present after the interruption of dexamethasone treatment. METHODS Adult Wistar rats were distributed into CTL (daily injection of saline for five consecutive days), DEX (daily injection of 1 mg kg(-1) body wt of dexamethasone for five consecutive days) and DEX(10) (5 days of dexamethasone treatment, followed by a period of 10 days without dexamethasone). RESULTS In vivo experiments indicated that the marked hyperinsulinemia found in DEX rats during fasting and fed states was normalized in the DEX(10) group. Furthermore, the IR and glucose intolerance observed in DEX were restored in DEX(10) rats. Islets from DEX rats secreted more insulin in response to increasing concentrations of glucose and other metabolic and non-metabolic stimuli, compared with that in the CTL group. The insulin secretion for the most compounds studied returned to CTL values in DEX(10) islets. Increased insulin secretion correlated well with the augmentation in β-cell proliferation and mass in DEX rats, and these morphological alterations were normalized in islets from DEX(10) rats. In parallel, the increased levels of proteins involved in β-cell proliferation such as Cd2 and Cdk4 observed in DEX islets were also normalized in DEX(10) islets. CONCLUSION These data strongly support the view that almost all the morphophysiological alterations induced by dexamethasone in the endocrine pancreas are reverted after discontinuation of the treatment. This information is important, considering the frequent use of glucocorticoids in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rafacho
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Arcolino FO, Ribeiro DL, Gobbo MG, Taboga SR, Góes RM. Proliferation and apoptotic rates and increased frequency of p63-positive cells in the prostate acinar epithelium of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 91:144-54. [PMID: 20041964 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of experimental type 1 diabetes were investigated in the acinar epithelium of rat ventral prostate, focusing on the rates of cell proliferation and the frequency of apoptosis and p63-positive cells. Type 1 diabetes was induced in adult male Wistar rats by a single alloxan administration (42 mg/kg b.w.) and its effects were analysed for 1 week and 3 months after the establishment of the disease. A group of diabetic rats was treated daily with 5 IU of insulin during 1 week after diabetes had been diagnosed. Immunocytochemical methods for the localization of cell proliferation antigen (PCNA), androgen receptor (AR) and p63 protein were carried out, and apoptotic cells were identified by TUNEL essay. In diabetic rats, testosterone levels reduced drastically after 1 week and in a lower degree after 3 months. In short-term diabetic rats, cell proliferation decreased, and in medium-term, epithelial apoptotic rates increased. In both periods after the onset of diabetes, the frequency of p63-positive cells doubled. Insulin treatment was effective in preventing testosterone decrease, p63-positive cell increase and apoptotic rates, but did not interfere in cell proliferation. This investigation shows that, soon after diabetes onset, there are important modifications in cell proliferation within the acinar prostatic epithelium, and in longer term, there is a marked impact on kinetics of differentiation and cell death, which may initially be attributable to an androgenic fall, but is probably also because of other factors related to diabetes, as changes are considerably different from those resulting from castration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Oliveira Arcolino
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University-Unesp, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ribeiro DL, Taboga SR, Góes RM. Diabetes induces stromal remodelling and increase in chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans of the rat ventral prostate. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 90:400-11. [PMID: 19659898 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling is an important process involved in prostate cancer progression. Alterations in ECM caused by diabetes in different tissues such as kidney is well described; however, it is poorly investigated in prostate. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in ECM of rat prostate showing gland atrophy caused by diabetes and their implications in development of malignant lesions. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats using alloxan (45 mg/kg bw). After 90 days of diabetes onset, animals were killed and ventral prostate was removed and prepared for light microscopy following immunoreaction for fibronectin, chondroitin sulphate and Picrossirius staining for collagen fibres. Proteoglycans (PG) were identified at transmission electron microscopy after fixation with Cuprolinic Blue. Diabetes led to a thickening of 25% in the acinar basement membrane accompanied by increase and disorganization of its proteoglycans (P1). Three additional populations of prostatic stromal PGs were identified: collagen fibril linked (P2) and interstitial (P3) and (P4) PGs. Diabetes increased P3 and mainly P4 which had higher dimension and accumulated around the smooth muscle cells. In addition, an increase in chondrotin sulphate (33%, mainly in sites where P4 were noted) and collagen (44%) was noted in diabetic rats, whereas fibronectin did not change. Atrophic changes observed in rat ventral prostate after diabetes are accompanied by stromal remodelation related to increase in collagen and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans. Thus, diabetes can promote a stromal microenvironment rich in elements that could favour cell migration, proliferation and pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ribeiro DL, Marques SFG, Alberti S, Spadella CT, Manzato AJ, Taboga SR, Dizeyi N, Abrahamsson PA, Góes RM. Malignant lesions in the ventral prostate of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2008; 89:276-83. [PMID: 18715471 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes caused by chronic diabetes in the rat ventral prostate and to establish a correlation between diabetes and the development of prostatic lesions. Male rats received alloxan (42 mg/kg b.w.) to induce diabetes. Ninety days after diabetes diagnosis, animals were sacrificed and the ventral prostate was removed and prepared for general and immunohistochemical analyses. The total area showing different types of lesions was estimated. Diabetes led to a decrease in the body and prostatic weights, as well as in testosterone levels. The prostate morphology and stereology showed high variation in the diabetic group. Some animals had light changes; the great majority had an intense epithelial atrophy; and other rats showed premalignant and malignant lesions in the prostate. Such epithelial atrophy was, in some samples, combined with chronic inflammation, similar to proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA). The diabetic group also presented high incidence of prostatitis, adenocarcinoma and prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (PIN). Samples with adenocarcinoma had poorly differentiated acini with high levels of cellular proliferation and nuclear atypia. These lesions exhibited an invasive feature showing Bcl-2-positive cells and interruptions in the basement membrane. An association of PIA, PIN and adenocarcinoma was detected in one sample. Reduced androgen levels have a synergic effect to insulin dysfunction promoting negative effects in the rat prostate. Diabetic individuals had a high incidence of prostatitis, and this inflammation could stimulate the incidence of other forms of prostatic pathology.
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Rafacho A, Ribeiro DL, Boschero AC, Taboga SR, Bosqueiro JR. Increased pancreatic islet mass is accompanied by activation of the insulin receptor substrate-2/serine-threonine kinase pathway and augmented cyclin D2 protein levels in insulin-resistant rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2008; 89:264-75. [PMID: 18429991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that glucocorticoids induce peripheral insulin resistance in rodents and humans. Here, we investigated the structural and ultrastructural modifications, as well as the proteins involved in beta-cell function and proliferation, in islets from insulin-resistant rats. Adult male Wistar rats were made insulin resistant by daily administration of dexamethasone (DEX; 1mg/kg, i.p.) for five consecutive days, whilst control (CTL) rats received saline alone. Structure analyses showed a marked hypertrophy of DEX islets with an increase of 1.7-fold in islet mass and of 1.6-fold in islet density compared with CTL islets (P < 0.05). Ultrastructural evaluation of islets revealed an increased amount of secreting organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in DEX islets. Mitotic figures were observed in DEX islets at structural and ultrastructural levels. Beta-cell proliferation, evaluated at the immunohistochemical level using anti-PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), showed an increase in pancreatic beta-cell proliferation of 6.4-fold in DEX islets compared with CTL islets (P < 0.0001). Increases in insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), phosphorylated-serine-threonine kinase AKT (p-AKT), cyclin D(2) and a decrease in retinoblastoma protein (pRb) levels were observed in DEX islets compared with CTL islets (P < 0.05). Therefore, during the development of insulin resistance, the endocrine pancreas adapts itself increasing beta-cell mass and proliferation, resulting in an amelioration of the functions. The potential mechanisms that underlie these events involve the activation of the IRS-2/AKT pathway and activation of the cell cycle, mediated by cyclin D(2). These adaptations permit the maintenance of glycaemia at near-physiological ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ribeiro DL, Rafacho A, Bosqueiro JR, Taboga SR, Góes RM. Cellular changes in the prostatic stroma of glucocorticoid-treated rats. Cell Tissue Res 2008; 332:499-508. [PMID: 18379825 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-008-0581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) have been widely used for the treatment of prostate cancer because of their inhibitory property against tumour growth. However, their mechanism of action in the prostate has received little attention. Excess GCs can lead to peripheral insulin resistance resulting in hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. Insulin plays an important role as a cellular stimulant and high levels are related to low levels of androgens. Our objective has been to describe the effects of insulin resistance induced by dexamethasone treatment on the morphology of rat ventral prostate. Male adult Wistar rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone or saline for five consecutive days after which the rats were killed and the ventral prostate was removed, weighed and prepared for conventional and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dexamethasone treatment resulted in atrophy and decreased proliferative activity of prostatic epithelial cells. TEM analysis revealed changes in the epithelium-stroma interface, with some interruptions in the basement membrane. Fibroblasts showed a secretory phenotype with dilated endoplasmic reticulum. Smooth muscle cells exhibited a contractile pattern with 50% atrophy, an irregular membrane and twisted nuclei. Mitochondrial alterations, such as enlarged size and high electron density in the mitochondrial matrix, were also detected in smooth muscle cells. Insulin resistance induced by dexamethasone is thus associated with epithelial atrophy similar to that described for diabetic rats. However, GCs are responsible for morphological changes in the stromal cell population suggesting the activation of fibroblasts and atrophy of the smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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Góes RM, Zanetoni C, Tomiosso TC, Ribeiro DL, Taboga SR. Surgical and chemical castration induce differential histological response in prostate lobes of Mongolian gerbil. Micron 2007; 38:231-6. [PMID: 16919465 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2006.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the short-term alterations in the prostate ventral and dorsal lobe of the adult Mongolian gerbil, in response to two different androgen suppression approaches. Groups (n=6) of 16-week-old gerbils were maintained intact or subjected, either to the bilateral surgical castration 1 week previously or to daily subcutaneous injections of Flutamide (10mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. The main microscopic features of both prostate lobes in these groups were compared using conventional paraffin tissue sections, measurements of acinar epithelial height and stereological data of main gland components (acini, collagen fibers and fibromuscular stroma). Marked alterations were observed in the basement membrane of the ventral lobe after both surgical and chemical castration, such as an increase in thickness and collagen staining. A low degree of epithelial atrophy was detected in the dorsal lobe following both androgen suppression approaches in comparison with that found in the ventral lobe, indicating that this lobe is not so responsive to testosterone ablation induced by castration or Flutamide treatment, at least insofar as secretory activity is concerned. However, the dorsal lobe exhibited marked stromal modification, such as an increase in collagen fibers following castration and an increase in fibromuscular stroma following Flutamide-treatment. Thus, the histological and quantitative data indicates a differential short-term response of the prostate dorsal lobe to surgical castration and Flutamide therapy, suggesting the existence of lobe-specific mechanisms for stromal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, IBILCE/UNESP, Brazil.
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Ribeiro DL, Caldeira EJ, Cândido EM, Manzato AJ, Taboga SR, Cagnon VH. Prostatic stromal microenvironment and experimental diabetes. Eur J Histochem 2006; 50:51-60. [PMID: 16584985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The diabetes causes alterations in various organ systems, including the male accessory sex glands. The prostate is very important in the reproductive process and it is a frequent target of malignant changes. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the histochemical and ultrastructural alterations in the prostate of diabetic animals. Two groups of animals were utilized: control and non-obese diabetic mice (NOD). Twelve days after the characterization of diabetic status the ventral prostate was collected, fixed in Karnovsky and paraformaldehyde, processed for histochemistry and TEM associated to stereology. The results showed reduction of the epithelial area and increasing of the stromal area with muscular and collagen hypertrophy in the prostatic gland. It was characterized the development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, inflammatory processes and dilation of the organelles involved in the secretory process. It was concluded that diabetes besides damaging the reproductive process, affects the glandular homeostasis favoring the development of prostatic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Ribeiro
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas- UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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