1
|
Cemetery Rounds. J Clin Oncol 2023:JCO2300675. [PMID: 37220316 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
|
2
|
Differences in classification schemata for myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative overlap neoplasms. Leukemia 2022; 36:2934-2938. [PMID: 36335264 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
3
|
OAB-040: Clonal hematopoiesis is associated with increased risk of progression of asymptomatic Waldenström Macroglobulinemia. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA AND LEUKEMIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s2152-2650(21)02114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
4
|
What is the optimal time to initiate hypomethylating agents (HMAs) in higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs)? Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:2762-2767. [PMID: 34114922 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1938028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are the standard of care for higher risk MDS (HR-MDS) patients. The current dogma is to begin HMA therapy in all HR-MDS patients at the time of initial diagnosis. We investigated the impact of the timing of HMA initiation among HR-MDS patients presenting with adequate blood counts to discern the possible benefit of early treatment based solely on disease risk. We identified 320 HR-MDS patients with adequate hematopoiesis who were treated with HMA. The complete response rates were 21%, 26%, 23%, and 7% respectively for patients treated within 30, 31-60, 61-90, and more than 90 days from time of diagnosis (p=.046). The median OS from the date of diagnosis was 641, 550, 979, and 806 days, respectively (p=.2). A delay in initiating HMA therapy in HR-MDS patients with adequate blood counts is not associated with worsened outcomes.
Collapse
|
5
|
Outcome of lower-risk myelodysplastic syndrome with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS) after failure of erythropoiesis- stimulating agents. Leuk Res 2020; 99:106472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
6
|
Clonal Hematopoiesis: Crossroads of Aging, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 74:567-577. [PMID: 31345432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel, common, and potent cardiovascular risk factor has recently emerged: clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). CHIP arises from somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells that yield clonal progeny of mutant leukocytes in blood. Individuals with CHIP have a doubled risk of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke, and worsened heart failure outcomes independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The recognition of CHIP as a nontraditional risk factor challenges specialists in hematology/oncology and cardiovascular medicine alike. Should we screen for CHIP? If so, in whom? How should we assess cardiovascular risk in people with CHIP? How should we manage the excess cardiovascular risk in the absence of an evidence base? This review explains CHIP, explores the clinical quandaries, strives to provide reasonable recommendations for the multidisciplinary management of cardiovascular risk in individuals with CHIP, and highlights current knowledge gaps.
Collapse
|
7
|
TP53 mutation status divides myelodysplastic syndromes with complex karyotypes into distinct prognostic subgroups. Leukemia 2019; 33:1747-1758. [PMID: 30635634 PMCID: PMC6609480 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Risk stratification is critical in the care of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Approximately 10% have a complex karyotype (CK), defined as more than two cytogenetic abnormalities, which is a highly adverse prognostic marker. However, CK-MDS can carry a wide range of chromosomal abnormalities and somatic mutations. To refine risk stratification of CK-MDS patients, we examined data from 359 CK-MDS patients shared by the International Working Group for MDS. Mutations were underrepresented with the exception of TP53 mutations, identified in 55% of patients. TP53 mutated patients had even fewer co-mutated genes but were enriched for the del(5q) chromosomal abnormality (p < 0.005), monosomal karyotype (p < 0.001), and high complexity, defined as more than 4 cytogenetic abnormalities (p < 0.001). Monosomal karyotype, high complexity, and TP53 mutation were individually associated with shorter overall survival, but monosomal status was not significant in a multivariable model. Multivariable survival modeling identified severe anemia (hemoglobin < 8.0 g/dL), NRAS mutation, SF3B1 mutation, TP53 mutation, elevated blast percentage (>10%), abnormal 3q, abnormal 9, and monosomy 7 as having the greatest survival risk. The poor risk associated with CK-MDS is driven by its association with prognostically adverse TP53 mutations and can be refined by considering clinical and karyotype features.
Collapse
|
8
|
Prognosis of patients with intermediate risk IPSS-R myelodysplastic syndrome indicates variable outcomes and need for models beyond IPSS-R. Am J Hematol 2018; 93:1245-1253. [PMID: 30051599 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The International Prognostic Scoring System-Revised (IPSS-R) is one standard for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) risk stratification. It divides patients into five categories including an intermediate subset (IPSS-R int-risk). Outcomes and clinical interventions for patients with IPSS-R int-risk are not well defined. We performed an analysis of outcomes of this group of patients. Out of 3167 patients, a total of 298 were identified with IPSS-R int-risk MDS and retrospectively analyzed to assess characteristics affecting outcomes. Cox proportional hazard models for overall survival (OS) were performed to identify statistically significant clinical factors that influence survival. Age of 66 years or greater, peripheral blood blasts of 2% or more, and history of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion were significantly associated with inferior survival. Based on these features, MDS patients with IPSS-R int-risk were classified into two prognostic risk groups for analysis, an int-favorable group and an int-adverse group, and had significantly divergent outcomes. Sequential prognostication was validated using two independent datasets comprising over 700 IPSS-R int-risk patients. The difference in median survival between int-favorable and int-adverse patients was 3.7 years in the test cohort, and 1.8 and 2.0 years in the two validation cohorts. These results confirm significantly variable outcomes of patients with IPSS-R int-risk and need for different prognostic systems.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation of SY-1425 (tamibarotene) in biomarker-selected acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx373.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
10
|
A Validation of a Post-Hypomethylating Agent Failure (HMAF) Prognostic Model in MDS Patients Treated with Rigosertib Versus Best Supportive Care (BSC). Leuk Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(17)30369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
11
|
Insurance Denial of Coverage for Patients Enrolled in Cancer Clinical Trials Is Still a Problem in the Affordable Care Act Era. J Oncol Pract 2016; 12:283-5. [PMID: 26907450 DOI: 10.1200/jop.2015.010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
12
|
The Hippocratic Oath, the US Health Care System, and the Affordable Care Act in 2015. Am J Med 2015; 128:1162-4. [PMID: 26184683 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
13
|
Activity of the Type II JAK2 Inhibitor CHZ868 in B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:29-41. [PMID: 26175414 PMCID: PMC4505625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A variety of cancers depend on JAK2 signaling, including the high-risk subset of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (B-ALLs) with CRLF2 rearrangements. Type I JAK2 inhibitors induce paradoxical JAK2 hyperphosphorylation in these leukemias and have limited activity. To improve the efficacy of JAK2 inhibition in B-ALL, we developed the type II inhibitor CHZ868, which stabilizes JAK2 in an inactive conformation. CHZ868 potently suppressed the growth of CRLF2-rearranged human B-ALL cells, abrogated JAK2 signaling, and improved survival in mice with human or murine B-ALL. CHZ868 and dexamethasone synergistically induced apoptosis in JAK2-dependent B-ALLs and further improved in vivo survival compared to CHZ868 alone. These data support the testing of type II JAK2 inhibition in patients with JAK2-dependent leukemias and other disorders.
Collapse
|
14
|
249 CONNECT MDS AND AML: THE MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDS) AND ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) DISEASE REGISTRY. Leuk Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(15)30250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
De novo acute myeloid leukemia with 20-29% blasts is less aggressive than acute myeloid leukemia with ≥30% blasts in older adults: a Bone Marrow Pathology Group study. Am J Hematol 2014; 89:E193-9. [PMID: 25042343 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It is controversial whether acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with 20-29% bone marrow (BM) blasts, formerly referred to as refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEBT), should be considered AML or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) for the purposes of treatment and prognostication. We retrospectively studied 571 de novo AML in patients aged >50 years, including 142 RAEBT and 429 with ≥30% blasts (AML30), as well as 151 patients with 10-19% BM blasts (RAEB2). RAEBT patients were older and had lower white blood count, but higher hemoglobin, platelet count, and karyotype risk scores compared to AML30, while these features were similar to RAEB2. FLT3 and NPM1 mutations and monocytic morphology occurred more commonly in AML30 than in RAEBT. RAEBT patients were treated less often with induction therapy than AML30, whereas allogeneic stem cell transplant frequency was similar. The median and 4-year OS of RAEBT patients were longer than those of AML30 patients (20.5 vs 12.0 months and 28.6% vs 20.4%, respectively, P = 0.003); this difference in OS was manifested in patients in the intermediate UKMRC karyotype risk group, whereas OS of RAEBT patients and AML30 patients in the adverse karyotype risk group were not significantly different. Multivariable analysis showed that RAEBT (P < 0.0001), hemoglobin (P = 0.005), UKMRC karyotype risk group (P = 0.002), normal BM karyotype (P = 0.004), treatment with induction therapy (P < 0.0001), and stem cell transplant (P < 0.0001) were associated with longer OS. Our findings favor considering de novo RAEBT as a favorable prognostic subgroup of AML.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The increase in cancer drug prices in the last 15 years has many contributing factors and is harming our patients and our health care system. It represents to many cancer experts a crossing of a moral line between reasonable profits and profiteering, in a situation involving a human catastrophe: patients who have developed cancer, and who may die because they cannot afford the treatment. With typical out-of-pocket expenses of 20% to 30%, the financial burden of cancer treatment would be $20,000 to 30,000 a year, nearly half of the average annual household income in the United States. Many patients (estimated 10% to 20%) may decide not to take the treatment or may compromise significantly on the treatment plan. This difficult situation poses three relevant questions: (1) Are cancer drug prices too high? (2) Are they hurting patients and our health care system? and (3) Can we do something about it? The answer to each is affirmative. It is also our obligation as cancer doctors to keep patients from "harm and injustice." If high prices make drugs unaffordable and inaccessible, thus causing harm, then we should voice our concerns and advocate for solutions.
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Geriatric assessment in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a retrospective study of associated treatment and outcomes. Leuk Res 2013; 37:998-1003. [PMID: 23747082 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We explored whether geriatric assessment variables predicted mortality in addition to known prognostic factors in 101 patients aged ≥ 65 with newly diagnosed AML. Baseline comorbidity score (HR=1.92; 95%CI 1.18-3.11), difficulty with strenuous activity (HR=2.18; 95%CI 1.19-4.00), and pain (HR=2.17; 95%CI 1.19-3.97) were independent prognostic factors for greater risk of death in a multivariable model that included cytogenetic risk group. They remained independent predictors in the subset of patients with baseline ECOG PS 0-1. Our results support the use of geriatric assessment to better predict prognosis in older patients with AML, even among those with excellent functional status.
Collapse
|
19
|
Crystal-storing histiocytosis: An unusual relapsing inflammatory CNS disorder. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2012; 1:95-9. [PMID: 25876937 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of acute leukoencephalopathy often focuses on central nervous system idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IIDDs) such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, a spectrum of conditions mimic IIDDs, therefore it is critical to consider whether symptoms, signs, imaging and/or response to therapies are compatible with the diagnosis. We describe a 32-year-old previously healthy woman presenting with a 2 year history of steroid-responsive relapsing episodes lasting 2-10 days characterized by transient visual blurring, right-hemiparesis, and spells of aphasia. MRI demonstrated multifocal, relapsing, predominantly white matter enhancing brain lesions, a longitudinally extensive cord lesion, and abnormal visual evoked potentials. Notably, some lesions persistently enhanced whereas others demonstrated progressive T2W hypointensity. Brain biopsy revealed an atypical plasma cell infiltrate and crystal-storing histiocytosis, which by mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of macrophages containing intracellular kappa-light chain restricted crystals. Bone marrow was negative. The patient did well for several years on pulse dexamethasone, however subsequent scans demonstrated increasing enhancement. Repeat biopsy demonstrated a clonal plasma cell proliferation. She was treated with melphalan, and has remained stable. Although this patient initially met McDonald criteria, atypical imaging prompted further workup, and advanced proteomic technology helped secured an accurate diagnosis. Crystal-storing histiocytosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory CNS disorders.
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Erythropoietin or Darbepoetin for patients with cancer--meta-analysis based on individual patient data. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 2009:CD007303. [PMID: 19588423 PMCID: PMC7208183 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007303.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) reduce anemia in cancer patients and may improve quality of life, but there are concerns that ESAs might increase mortality. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to examine the effect of ESAs and identify factors that modify the effects of ESAs on overall survival, progression free survival, thromboembolic and cardiovascular events as well as need for transfusions and other important safety and efficacy outcomes in cancer patients. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase and conference proceedings for eligible trials. Manufacturers of ESAs were contacted to identify additional trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials comparing epoetin or darbepoetin plus red blood cell transfusions (as necessary) versus red blood cell transfusions (as necessary) alone, to prevent or treat anemia in adult or pediatric cancer patients with or without concurrent antineoplastic therapy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing epoetin alpha, epoetin beta or darbepoetin alpha plus red blood cell transfusions versus transfusion alone, for prophylaxis or therapy of anemia while or after receiving anti-cancer treatment. Patient-level data were obtained and analyzed by independent statisticians at two academic departments, using fixed-effects and random-effects meta-analysis. Analyses were according to the intention-to-treat principle. Primary endpoints were on study mortality and overall survival during the longest available follow-up, regardless of anticancer treatment, and in patients receiving chemotherapy. Tests for interactions were used to identify differences in effects of ESAs on mortality across pre-specified subgroups. The present review reports only the results for the primary endpoint. MAIN RESULTS A total of 13933 cancer patients from 53 trials were analyzed, 1530 patients died on-study and 4993 overall. ESAs increased on study mortality (combined hazard ratio [cHR] 1.17; 95% CI 1.06-1.30) and worsened overall survival (cHR 1.06; 95% CI 1.00-1.12), with little heterogeneity between trials (I(2) 0%, p=0.87 and I(2) 7.1%, p=0.33, respectively). Thirty-eight trials enrolled 10441 patients receiving chemotherapy. The cHR for on study mortality was 1.10 (95% CI 0.98-1.24) and 1.04; 95% CI 0.97-1.11) for overall survival. There was little evidence for a difference between trials of patients receiving different cancer treatments (P for interaction=0.42). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS ESA treatment in cancer patients increased on study mortality and worsened overall survival. For patients undergoing chemotherapy the increase was less pronounced, but an adverse effect could not be excluded.
Collapse
|
22
|
Clinical experience with different dosing schedules of decitabine in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.7011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7011 Background: Decitabine, a potent DNA hypomethylating agent, has demonstrated efficacy in MDS patients using two dosing regimens: 15 mg/m2 intravenous (IV) over 3 hours (hrs) every (q) 8 hrs for 3 days q 6 weeks (wks) and 20 mg/m2 IV over 1 hr once daily for 5 consecutive days q 4 wks. Methods: Results were reviewed from two randomized phase 3 studies comparing the 3-day dosing schedule of decitabine with supportive care, D-0007 and EORTC-06011, and two phase 2 studies with the 5-day dosing schedule, DACO-020 and ID03–0180. Data from each clinical trial supporting overall improvement, duration of improvement, time to AML or death, progression-free survival (PFS), and transfusion independence was assessed. Results: Patients had IPSS classification scores of intermediate-2 or high-risk (D-0007, 70%; EORTC-06011, 93%; ID03–0180, 66%; DACO-020, 46%) and de novo MDS (D-0007, 87%; EORTC-06011, 88%; ID03–0180, 70%; DACO-020, 89%). Comparable overall improvement (complete response [CR] + partial response [PR] + hematologic improvement [HI]), time to AML or death, and PFS was observed across all trials (Table). The duration of improvement ranged between 9.2 and 11.3 months. A trend was observed for improved outcomes with an increased number of decitabine treatment cycles. Conclusions: Overall improvement rates by IWG criteria exceeded 30% in all 4 studies. Higher overall improvement rates corresponded to increased median number of treatment cycles. Increasing the number of decitabine treatment cycles administered may provide additional benefit to MDS patients. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Collapse
|
23
|
Erythropoietin or Darbepoetin for patients with cancer - meta-analysis based on individual patient data. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
24
|
Symptom control trials: a 20-year experience. THE JOURNAL OF SUPPORTIVE ONCOLOGY 2007; 5:119-25, 128. [PMID: 17410810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms related to cancer and/or cancer therapy are a prominent consideration in cancer patients; multiple options have been proposed to alleviate these problems. The US National Cancer Institute (NCI) Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) has mandated that CCOP participant institutions be involved with cancer control trials in addition to cancer treatment trials. Through such efforts, scientifically sound symptom control clinical trials are being conducted to determine the effectiveness of promising agents. In this article, the authors provide an update of clinical trial outcomes regarding 13 symptom and symptom complexes related to cancer and/or cancer therapy, emphasizing that publication of both positive and negative study results is important to separate what works from what does not.
Collapse
|
25
|
The questions of prognosis. THE JOURNAL OF SUPPORTIVE ONCOLOGY 2005; 3:340-1. [PMID: 16218256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
|
26
|
Absence of mutations in the key megakaryocyte transcriptional regulator FOG-1
in patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis. Br J Haematol 2004; 126:750-2. [PMID: 15327530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
27
|
Synthesis and biology of the conformationally restricted ACPD analogue, 2-aminobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-2,5-dicarboxylic acid-I, a potent mGluR agonist. J Med Chem 1998; 41:1641-50. [PMID: 9572889 DOI: 10.1021/jm970719q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To better characterize the roles of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in physiological and pathophysiological processes, there is an important need to learn more about the structural features relevant to the design of novel, high-affinity ligands that are family and subtype specific. To date, many of the biological studies that have been conducted in the area of mGluR research have made use of the agonist (1S,3R)-ACPD. This compound has been shown to act as an agonist at both the group I and group II receptors while showing little selectivity among the four subtypes belonging to these two groups. Moreover, (1S,3S)-ACPD, the cis isomer, shows negligible activity at group I receptors and is a good agonist of mGluR2. Since ACPD is itself somewhat flexible, with four distinctive conformations being identified from molecular modeling studies for the trans isomer and five conformations for the cis isomer, we believed that it would be of interest to examine the activity of an ACPD analogue that has been constrained through the introduction of a single carbon atom bridge. Accordingly, we have prepared an aminobicyclo[2.1.1]hexanedicarboxylic acid (ABHxD-I) analogue of ACPD. The synthesis of this compound was accomplished by use of an intramolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction, in which four distinct isomers were isolated. Of these four compounds, only a single isomer, ABHxD-I (6a), was found to be a potent agonist of the mGluRs. This compound, which expresses the fully extended glutamate conformation, was found to be more potent than ACPD at all six of the eight mGluR subtypes that were investigated and to be comparable to or more potent than the endogenous ligand, glutamate, for these receptors. Interestingly, despite its fixed conformation, ABHxD-I, like glutamate, shows little subtype selectivity. Through modeling studies of ABHxD-I (6a), ABHD-VI, LY354740, (1S,3R)-ACPD, (1S, 3S)-ACPD, and l-glutamate, we conclude that the aa conformation of l-glutamate is the active conformation for both group I and group II mGluRs. Moreover, the modeling-based comparisons of these ligands suggest that the selectivity exhibited by LY354740 between the group I and group II mGluRs is not a consequence of different conformations of L-glutamate being required for recognition at these mGluRs but rather is related to certain structural elements within certain regions having a very different impact on the group I and group II mGluR activity. The enhanced potency of ABHxD-I relative to trans-ACPD commends it as a useful starting point in the design of subtype selective mGluR ligands.
Collapse
|
28
|
alpha-substituted quisqualic acid analogs: new metabotropic glutamate receptor group II selective antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:447-52. [PMID: 9871596 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of both the alpha-methyl and benzyl analogs of quisqualic acid are described. Testing of these compounds for their activity at excitatory amino acid receptors revealed a striking change in activity in comparison to quisqualic acid. This structural modification results in the loss of quisqualate's potent agonist action at both non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors as well as at group I mGluRs, while allowing these analogs to acquire antagonist properties with relative selectivity for group II metabotropic glutamate receptors.
Collapse
|