1
|
Truby LK, Kwee LC, Bowles DE, Casalinova S, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer MJ, Huebner JL, Holley CL, DeVore AD, Patel CB, Kang L, Pla MM, Gross R, McGarrah RW, Schroder JN, Milano CA, Shah SH. Metabolomic profiling during ex situ normothermic perfusion before heart transplantation defines patterns of substrate utilization and correlates with markers of allograft injury. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024; 43:716-726. [PMID: 38065238 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac metabolism is altered in heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion injury states. We hypothesized that metabolomic profiling during ex situ normothermic perfusion before heart transplantation (HT) would lend insight into myocardial substrate utilization and report on subclinical and clinical allograft dysfunction risk. METHODS Metabolomic profiling was performed on serial samples of ex situ normothermic perfusate assaying biomarkers of myocardial injury in lactate and cardiac troponin I (TnI) as well as metabolites (66 acylcarnitines, 15 amino acids, nonesterified fatty acids [NEFA], ketones, and 3-hydroxybutyrate). We tested for change over time in injury biomarkers and metabolites, along with differential changes by recovery strategy (donation after circulatory death [DCD] vs donation after brain death [DBD]). We examined associations between metabolites, injury biomarkers, and primary graft dysfunction (PGD). Analyses were performed using linear mixed models adjusted for recovery strategy, assay batch, donor-predicted heart mass, and time. RESULTS A total of 176 samples from 92 ex situ perfusion runs were taken from donors with a mean age of 35 (standard deviation 11.3) years and a median total ex situ perfusion time of 234 (interquartile range 84) minutes. Lactate trends over time differed significantly by recovery strategy, while TnI increased during ex situ perfusion regardless of DCD vs DBD status. We found fuel substrates were rapidly depleted during ex situ perfusion, most notably the branched-chain amino acids leucine/isoleucine, as well as ketones, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and NEFA (least squares [LS] mean difference from the first to last time point -1.7 to -4.5, false discovery rate q < 0.001). Several long-chain acylcarnitines (LCAC), including C16, C18, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:3, and C20:4, increased during the perfusion run (LS mean difference 0.42-0.67, q < 0.001). Many LCACs were strongly associated with lactate and TnI. The change over time of many LCACs was significantly different for DCD vs DBD, suggesting differential trends in fuel substrate utilization by ischemic injury pattern. Changes in leucine/isoleucine, arginine, C12:1-OH/C10:1-DC, and C16-OH/C14-DC were associated with increased odds of moderate-severe PGD. Neither end-of-run nor change in lactate or TnI was associated with PGD. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic profiling of ex situ normothermic perfusion solution reveals a pattern of fuel substrate utilization that correlates with subclinical and clinical allograft dysfunction. This study highlights a potential role for interventions focused on fuel substrate modification in allograft conditioning during ex situ perfusion to improve allograft outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Truby
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Dawn E Bowles
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Adam D DeVore
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Lillian Kang
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Ryan Gross
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Svati H Shah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kidane YH, Lee FH, Smith MF, Wang C, Mirza JB, Sharma S, Lobo AA, Dewan KC, Chen J, Diaz TE, Pla MM, Foster MW, Bowles DE. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic characterization of cardiovascular tissues after long term exposure to simulated space radiation. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1248276. [PMID: 38699144 PMCID: PMC11063234 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1248276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It may take decades to develop cardiovascular dysfunction following exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation from medical therapy or from nuclear accidents. Since astronauts may be exposed continually to a complex space radiation environment unlike that experienced on Earth, it is unresolved whether there is a risk to cardiovascular health during long-term space exploration missions. Previously, we have described that mice exposed to a single dose of simplified Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR5-ion) develop cardiovascular dysfunction by 12 months post-radiation. Methods: To investigate the biological basis of this dysfunction, here we performed a quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis of heart tissue (proteome and phosphoproteome) and plasma (proteome only) from these mice at 8 months post-radiation. Results: Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) for irradiated versus sham irradiated samples (fold-change ≥1.2 and an adjusted p-value of ≤0.05) were identified for each proteomics data set. For the heart proteome, there were 87 significant DEPs (11 upregulated and 76 downregulated); for the heart phosphoproteome, there were 60 significant differentially phosphorylated peptides (17 upregulated and 43 downregulated); and for the plasma proteome, there was only one upregulated protein. A Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) technique that assesses canonical pathways from BIOCARTA, KEGG, PID, REACTOME, and WikiPathways revealed significant perturbation in pathways in each data set. For the heart proteome, 166 pathways were significantly altered (36 upregulated and 130 downregulated); for the plasma proteome, there were 73 pathways significantly altered (25 upregulated and 48 downregulated); and for the phosphoproteome, there were 223 pathways significantly affected at 0.1 adjusted p-value cutoff. Pathways related to inflammation were the most highly perturbed in the heart and plasma. In line with sustained inflammation, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were demonstrated to be increased in GCR5-ion irradiated hearts at 12-month post irradiation. NETs play a fundamental role in combating bacterial pathogens, modulating inflammatory responses, inflicting damage on healthy tissues, and escalating vascular thrombosis. Discussion: These findings suggest that a single exposure to GCR5-ion results in long-lasting changes in the proteome and that these proteomic changes can potentiate acute and chronic health issues for astronauts, such as what we have previously described with late cardiac dysfunction in these mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yared H. Kidane
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Franklin H. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Matthew F. Smith
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jacqueline Barbera Mirza
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Saachi Sharma
- Stanton College Preparatory School, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Alejandro A. Lobo
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Krish C. Dewan
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jengwei Chen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas E. Diaz
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Matthew W. Foster
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mendiola Pla M, Bowles DE. Ex Vivo Gene Therapy in Organ Transplantation: Considerations and Clinical Translation. Hum Gene Ther 2024; 35:284-297. [PMID: 38131288 PMCID: PMC11044854 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo machine perfusion (EVMP) is rapidly growing in utility during solid organ transplantation. This form of organ preservation is transforming how organs are allocated and expanding the definition of what is considered a suitable organ for transplantation in comparison with traditional static cold storage. All major organs (heart, lung, liver, kidney) have been influenced by this advanced method of organ preservation. This technology also serves as an unprecedented platform for effective administration of advanced therapeutics, including gene therapies, during organ transplantation to optimize and recondition organs ex vivo in an isolated manner. Applying gene therapy interventions through EVMP introduces different considerations and challenges that are unique from gene therapies designed for systemic administration. Considerations involving vector (choice, dose, toxicity), perfusate composition, and perfusion circuit components should be evaluated when developing a gene therapy to administer in this setting. This review explores these aspects and discusses clinical applications in transplantation where gene therapy interventions can be developed relevant to heart, lung, liver, and kidney donor grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Mendiola Pla
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu Q, Combs ME, Bowles DE, Gross RT, Mendiola Pla M, Mack CP, Taylor JM. GRAF1 Acts as a Downstream Mediator of Parkin to Regulate Mitophagy in Cardiomyocytes. Cells 2024; 13:448. [PMID: 38474413 PMCID: PMC10930636 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes rely on proper mitochondrial homeostasis to maintain contractility and achieve optimal cardiac performance. Mitochondrial homeostasis is controlled by mitochondrial fission, fusion, and mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). Mitophagy plays a particularly important role in promoting the degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria in terminally differentiated cells. However, the precise mechanisms by which this is achieved in cardiomyocytes remain opaque. Our study identifies GRAF1 as an important mediator in PINK1-Parkin pathway-dependent mitophagy. Depletion of GRAF1 (Arhgap26) in cardiomyocytes results in actin remodeling defects, suboptimal mitochondria clustering, and clearance. Mechanistically, GRAF1 promotes Parkin-LC3 complex formation and directs autophagosomes to damaged mitochondria. Herein, we found that these functions are regulated, at least in part, by the direct binding of GRAF1 to phosphoinositides (PI(3)P, PI(4)P, and PI(5)P) on autophagosomes. In addition, PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of Parkin promotes Parkin-GRAF1-LC3 complex formation, and PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of GRAF1 (on S668 and S671) facilitates the clustering and clearance of mitochondria. Herein, we developed new phosphor-specific antibodies to these sites and showed that these post-translational modifications are differentially modified in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, our metabolic studies using serum collected from isoproterenol-treated WT and GRAF1CKO mice revealed defects in mitophagy-dependent cardiomyocyte fuel flexibility that have widespread impacts on systemic metabolism. In summary, our study reveals that GRAF1 co-regulates actin and membrane dynamics to promote cardiomyocyte mitophagy and that dysregulation of GRAF1 post-translational modifications may underlie cardiac disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.Z.); (M.E.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Matthew E. Combs
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.Z.); (M.E.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (D.E.B.); (R.T.G.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Ryan T. Gross
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (D.E.B.); (R.T.G.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Michelle Mendiola Pla
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (D.E.B.); (R.T.G.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Christopher P. Mack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.Z.); (M.E.C.); (C.P.M.)
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joan M. Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.Z.); (M.E.C.); (C.P.M.)
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu Q, Combs ME, Liu J, Bai X, Wang WB, Herring LE, Liu J, Locasale JW, Bowles DE, Gross RT, Pla MM, Mack CP, Taylor JM. GRAF1 integrates PINK1-Parkin signaling and actin dynamics to mediate cardiac mitochondrial homeostasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8187. [PMID: 38081847 PMCID: PMC10713658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase, PINK1, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Parkin, are known to facilitate LC3-dependent autophagosomal encasement and lysosomal clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria, and defects in this process contribute to a variety of cardiometabolic and neurological diseases. Although recent evidence indicates that dynamic actin remodeling plays an important role in PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), the underlying signaling mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we identify the RhoGAP GRAF1 (Arhgap26) as a PINK1 substrate that regulates mitophagy. GRAF1 promotes the release of damaged mitochondria from F-actin anchors, regulates mitochondrial-associated Arp2/3-mediated actin remodeling and facilitates Parkin-LC3 interactions to enhance mitochondria capture by autophagosomes. Graf1 phosphorylation on PINK1-dependent sites is dysregulated in human heart failure, and cardiomyocyte-restricted Graf1 depletion in mice blunts mitochondrial clearance and attenuates compensatory metabolic adaptations to stress. Overall, we identify GRAF1 as an enzyme that coordinates cytoskeletal and metabolic remodeling to promote cardioprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Matthew E Combs
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wenbo B Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Laura E Herring
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ryan T Gross
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michelle Mendiola Pla
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Christopher P Mack
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joan M Taylor
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vervoorn MT, Amelink JJGJ, Ballan EM, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG, Mishra M, Boink GJJ, Bowles DE, van der Kaaij NP. Gene therapy during ex situ heart perfusion: a new frontier in cardiac regenerative medicine? Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1264449. [PMID: 37908499 PMCID: PMC10614057 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1264449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex situ organ preservation by machine perfusion can improve preservation of organs for transplantation. Furthermore, machine perfusion opens up the possibilities for selective immunomodulation, creation of tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury and/or correction of a pathogenic genetic defect. The application of gene modifying therapies to treat heart diseases caused by pathogenic mutations during ex situ heart perfusion seems promising, especially given the limitations related to delivery of vectors that were encountered during clinical trials using in vivo cardiac gene therapy. By isolating the heart in a metabolically and immunologically favorable environment and preventing off-target effects and dilution, it is possible to directly control factors that enhance the success rate of cardiac gene therapy. A literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was performed to identify all relevant studies regarding gene therapy during ex situ heart perfusion, aiming to highlight important lessons learned and discuss future clinical prospects of this promising approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mats T. Vervoorn
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jantijn J. G. J. Amelink
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elisa M. Ballan
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerard J. J. Boink
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Divison of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Niels P. van der Kaaij
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohammed M, Ogunlade B, Elgazzaz M, Berdasco C, Lakkappa N, Ghita I, Guidry JJ, Sriramula S, Xu J, Restivo L, Mendiola Plá MA, Bowles DE, Beyer AM, Yue X, Lazartigues E, Filipeanu CM. Nedd4-2 up-regulation is associated with ACE2 ubiquitination in hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2130-2141. [PMID: 37161607 PMCID: PMC10478751 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a critical component of the compensatory renin-angiotensin system that is down-regulated during the development of hypertension, possibly via ubiquitination. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in ACE2 ubiquitination in neurogenic hypertension. This study aimed at identifying ACE2 ubiquitination partners, establishing causal relationships and clinical relevance, and testing a gene therapy strategy to mitigate ACE2 ubiquitination in neurogenic hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS Bioinformatics and proteomics were combined to identify E3 ubiquitin ligases associated with ACE2 ubiquitination in chronically hypertensive mice. In vitro gain/loss of function experiments assessed ACE2 expression and activity to validate the interaction between ACE2 and the identified E3 ligase. Mutation experiments were further used to generate a ubiquitination-resistant ACE2 mutant (ACE2-5R). Optogenetics, blood pressure telemetry, pharmacological blockade of GABAA receptors in mice expressing ACE2-5R in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and capillary western analysis were used to assess the role of ACE2 ubiquitination in neurogenic hypertension. Ubiquitination was first validated as leading to ACE2 down-regulation, and Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4-2 (Nedd4-2) was identified as a E3 ligase up-regulated in hypertension and promoting ACE2 ubiquitination. Mutation of lysine residues in the C-terminal of ACE2 was associated with increased activity and resistance to angiotensin (Ang)-II-mediated degradation. Mice transfected with ACE2-5R in the BNST exhibited enhanced GABAergic input to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and a reduction in hypertension. ACE2-5R expression was associated with reduced Nedd4-2 levels in the BNST. CONCLUSION Our data identify Nedd4-2 as the first E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in ACE2 ubiquitination in Ang-II-mediated hypertension. We demonstrate the pivotal role of ACE2 on GABAergic neurons in the maintenance of an inhibitory tone to the PVN and the regulation of pre-sympathetic activity. These findings provide a new working model where Nedd4-2 could contribute to ACE2 ubiquitination, leading to the development of neurogenic hypertension and highlighting potential novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazher Mohammed
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, 2400 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1900 Perdido Street New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Blessing Ogunlade
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W St, NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Mona Elgazzaz
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, 2400 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1900 Perdido Street New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Clara Berdasco
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, 2400 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1900 Perdido Street New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Navya Lakkappa
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, 2400 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1900 Perdido Street New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ioana Ghita
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jessie J Guidry
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1900 Perdido Street New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Srinivas Sriramula
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1900 Perdido Street New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1900 Perdido Street New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Xi’an, 710061, China
| | - Luke Restivo
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Michelle A Mendiola Plá
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Xinping Yue
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Eric Lazartigues
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, 2400 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1900 Perdido Street New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans LA 70112, USA
| | - Catalin M Filipeanu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W St, NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chakraborty A, Peterson NG, King JS, Gross RT, Pla MM, Thennavan A, Zhou KC, DeLuca S, Bursac N, Bowles DE, Wolf MJ, Fox DT. Conserved chamber-specific polyploidy maintains heart function in Drosophila. Development 2023; 150:dev201896. [PMID: 37526609 PMCID: PMC10482010 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Developmentally programmed polyploidy (whole-genome duplication) of cardiomyocytes is common across evolution. Functions of such polyploidy are essentially unknown. Here, in both Drosophila larvae and human organ donors, we reveal distinct polyploidy levels in cardiac organ chambers. In Drosophila, differential growth and cell cycle signal sensitivity leads the heart chamber to reach a higher ploidy/cell size relative to the aorta chamber. Cardiac ploidy-reduced animals exhibit reduced heart chamber size, stroke volume and cardiac output, and acceleration of circulating hemocytes. These Drosophila phenotypes mimic human cardiomyopathies. Our results identify productive and likely conserved roles for polyploidy in cardiac chambers and suggest that precise ploidy levels sculpt many developing tissues. These findings of productive cardiomyocyte polyploidy impact efforts to block developmental polyploidy to improve heart injury recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archan Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nora G. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Juliet S. King
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ryan T. Gross
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Aatish Thennavan
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Kevin C. Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sophia DeLuca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Matthew J. Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Donald T. Fox
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mendiola Pla M, Berrettoni S, Lee FH, Rozzi G, Marrano F, Gross RT, Evans A, Wendell DC, Lezberg P, Burattini M, Paolo lo Muzio F, Fassina L, Milano CA, Bang ML, Bowles DE, Miragoli M. Video analysis of ex vivo beating hearts during preservation on the TransMedics® organ care system. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1216917. [PMID: 37408655 PMCID: PMC10318359 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1216917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reliable biomarkers for assessing the viability of the donor hearts undergoing ex vivo perfusion remain elusive. A unique feature of normothermic ex vivo perfusion on the TransMedics® Organ Care System (OCS™) is that the donor heart is maintained in a beating state throughout the preservation period. We applied a video algorithm for an in vivo assessment of cardiac kinematics, video kinematic evaluation (Vi.Ki.E.), to the donor hearts undergoing ex vivo perfusion on the OCS™ to assess the feasibility of applying this algorithm in this setting. Methods Healthy donor porcine hearts (n = 6) were procured from Yucatan pigs and underwent 2 h of normothermic ex vivo perfusion on the OCS™ device. During the preservation period, serial high-resolution videos were captured at 30 frames per second. Using Vi.Ki.E., we assessed the force, energy, contractility, and trajectory parameters of each heart. Results There were no significant changes in any of the measured parameters of the heart on the OCS™ device over time as judged by linear regression analysis. Importantly, there were no significant changes in contractility during the duration of the preservation period (time 0-30 min, 918 ± 430 px/s; time 31-60 min, 1,386 ± 603 px/s; time 61-90 min, 1,299 ± 617 px/s; time 91-120 min, 1,535 ± 728 px/s). Similarly, there were no significant changes in the force, energy, or trajectory parameters. Post-transplantation echocardiograms demonstrated robust contractility of each allograft. Conclusion Vi.Ki.E. assessment of the donor hearts undergoing ex vivo perfusion is feasible on the TransMedics OCS™, and we observed that the donor hearts maintain steady kinematic measurements throughout the duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Berrettoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Franklin H. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Giacomo Rozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Marrano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ryan T. Gross
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Amy Evans
- Perfusion Services, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David C. Wendell
- Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Margherita Burattini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, and Maternity, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Fassina
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carmelo A. Milano
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Marie-Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michele Miragoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mendiola Pla M, Chiang Y, Roki A, Wang C, Lee FH, Smith MF, Gross RT, Roan JN, Bishawi M, Evans A, Gault LE, Ho S, Glass C, Schroder JN, Lezberg P, Milano CA, Bowles DE. Ex Vivo Gene Delivery to Porcine Cardiac Allografts Using a Myocardial-Enhanced Adeno-Associated Viral Vector. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:303-313. [PMID: 36927038 PMCID: PMC10325812 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation, the gold standard intervention for organ failure, is a clinical field that is ripe for applications of gene therapy. One of the major challenges in applying gene therapy to this field is the need for a method that achieves consistent and robust gene delivery to allografts. Normothermic ex vivo perfusion is a growing organ preservation method and a device for cardiac preservation was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Organ Care System, OCS™; TransMedics, Inc., Andover, MA); this device maintains donor hearts in a near physiologic state while they are transported from the donor to the recipient. This study describes the administration of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAVs) during ex vivo normothermic perfusion for the delivery of transgenes to porcine cardiac allografts. We utilized a myocardial-enhanced AAV3b variant, SASTG, assessing its transduction efficiency in the OCS perfusate relative to other AAV serotypes. We describe the use of normothermic ex vivo perfusion to deliver SASTG carrying the Firefly Luciferase transgene to porcine donor hearts in four heterotopic transplant procedures. Durable and dose-dependent transgene expression was achieved in the allografts in 30 days, with no evidence of off-target transgene expression. This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of delivering genes to a large animal allograft utilizing AAV vectors during ex vivo perfusion. These findings support the idea of gene therapy interventions to enhance transplantation outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Mendiola Pla
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yuting Chiang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Antonio Roki
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Franklin H. Lee
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew F. Smith
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan T. Gross
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jun-Neng Roan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Muath Bishawi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amy Evans
- Perfusion Services, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lynden E. Gault
- Gift of Hope Organ and Tissue Donor Network, Itasca, Illinois, USA
| | - Sam Ho
- Gift of Hope Organ and Tissue Donor Network, Itasca, Illinois, USA
| | - Carolyn Glass
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacob N. Schroder
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Carmelo A. Milano
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chakraborty A, Peterson NG, King JS, Gross RT, Pla MM, Thennavan A, Zhou KC, DeLuca S, Bursac N, Bowles DE, Wolf MJ, Fox DT. Conserved Chamber-Specific Polyploidy Maintains Heart Function in Drosophila. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.10.528086. [PMID: 36798187 PMCID: PMC9934670 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.528086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Developmentally programmed polyploidy (whole-genome-duplication) of cardiomyocytes is common across evolution. Functions of such polyploidy are essentially unknown. Here, we reveal roles for precise polyploidy levels in cardiac tissue. We highlight a conserved asymmetry in polyploidy level between cardiac chambers in Drosophila larvae and humans. In Drosophila , differential Insulin Receptor (InR) sensitivity leads the heart chamber to reach a higher ploidy/cell size relative to the aorta chamber. Cardiac ploidy-reduced animals exhibit reduced heart chamber size, stroke volume, cardiac output, and acceleration of circulating hemocytes. These Drosophila phenotypes mimic systemic human heart failure. Using human donor hearts, we reveal asymmetry in nuclear volume (ploidy) and insulin signaling between the left ventricle and atrium. Our results identify productive and likely conserved roles for polyploidy in cardiac chambers and suggest precise ploidy levels sculpt many developing tissues. These findings of productive cardiomyocyte polyploidy impact efforts to block developmental polyploidy to improve heart injury recovery.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yan R, Cigliola V, Oonk KA, Petrover Z, DeLuca S, Wolfson DW, Vekstein A, Mendiola MA, Devlin G, Bishawi M, Gemberling MP, Sinha T, Sargent MA, York AJ, Shakked A, DeBenedittis P, Wendell DC, Ou J, Kang J, Goldman JA, Baht GS, Karra R, Williams AR, Bowles DE, Asokan A, Tzahor E, Gersbach CA, Molkentin JD, Bursac N, Black BL, Poss KD. An enhancer-based gene-therapy strategy for spatiotemporal control of cargoes during tissue repair. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:96-111.e6. [PMID: 36516837 PMCID: PMC9830588 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of gene-therapy strategies for indications like tissue damage hinge on precision; yet, current methods afford little spatial or temporal control of payload delivery. Here, we find that tissue-regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs) isolated from zebrafish can direct targeted, injury-associated gene expression from viral DNA vectors delivered systemically in small and large adult mammalian species. When employed in combination with CRISPR-based epigenome editing tools in mice, zebrafish TREEs stimulated or repressed the expression of endogenous genes after ischemic myocardial infarction. Intravenously delivered recombinant AAV vectors designed with a TREE to direct a constitutively active YAP factor boosted indicators of cardiac regeneration in mice and improved the function of the injured heart. Our findings establish the application of contextual enhancer elements as a potential therapeutic platform for spatiotemporally controlled tissue regeneration in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruorong Yan
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Valentina Cigliola
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kelsey A Oonk
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary Petrover
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sophia DeLuca
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David W Wolfson
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Vekstein
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Garth Devlin
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Muath Bishawi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew P Gemberling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tanvi Sinha
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Allen J York
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Avraham Shakked
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - David C Wendell
- Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joseph A Goldman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gurpreet S Baht
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ravi Karra
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adam R Williams
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mendiola Pla M, Milano CA, Chiang Y, Bishawi M, Kang L, Lee FH, Smith MF, Gross RT, Contreras FJ, Glass C, Bowles DE, Fudim M. Transvenous Endomyocardial Biopsy Technique for Intra-abdominal Heterotopic Cardiac Grafts. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022:10.1007/s12265-022-10337-7. [PMID: 36344902 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The porcine intra-abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation model allows for the assessment of immunologic effects on cardiac transplantation without relying on the allograft to maintain hemodynamic support for the animal. Historically, allograft function and histology is monitored by physical exam, echocardiogram evaluation, percutaneous core biopsy, and open biopsy. We performed transvenous endomyocardial biopsies in three pigs that had undergone heterotopic heart implantation. We describe the procedure to be feasible and reproducible, and that histologic results from these biopsies correlated with those from corresponding tissue collected by surgical dissection at the time of allograft explantation. The ability to perform endomyocardial biopsies in the heterotopic heart transplantation model allows for serial non-invasive monitoring of allograft histology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marat Fudim
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lorenzana-Carrillo MA, Gopal K, Byrne NJ, Tejay S, Saleme B, Das SK, Zhang Y, Haromy A, Eaton F, Mendiola Pla M, Bowles DE, Dyck JR, Ussher JR, Michelakis ED, Sutendra G. TRIM35-mediated degradation of nuclear PKM2 destabilizes GATA4/6 and induces P53 in cardiomyocytes to promote heart failure. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm3565. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a glycolytic enzyme that translocates to the nucleus to regulate transcription factors in different tissues or pathologic states. Although studied extensively in cancer, its biological role in the heart remains unresolved. PKM1 is more abundant than the PKM2 isoform in cardiomyocytes, and thus, we speculated that PKM2 is not genetically redundant to PKM1 and may be critical in regulating cardiomyocyte-specific transcription factors important for cardiac survival. Here, we showed that nuclear PKM2 (
S37
P-PKM2) in cardiomyocytes interacts with prosurvival and proapoptotic transcription factors, including GATA4, GATA6, and P53. Cardiomyocyte-specific PKM2-deficient mice (
Pkm2
Mut Cre
+
) developed age-dependent dilated cardiac dysfunction and had decreased amounts of GATA4 and GATA6 (GATA4/6) but increased amounts of P53 compared to Control Cre
+
hearts. Nuclear PKM2 prevented caspase-1–dependent cleavage and degradation of GATA4/6 while also providing a molecular platform for MDM2-mediated reduction of P53. In a preclinical heart failure mouse model, nuclear PKM2 and GATA4/6 were decreased, whereas P53 was increased in cardiomyocytes. Loss of nuclear PKM2 was ubiquitination dependent and associated with the induction of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM35. In mice, cardiomyocyte-specific TRIM35 overexpression resulted in decreased
S37
P-PKM2 and GATA4/6 along with increased P53 in cardiomyocytes compared to littermate controls and similar cardiac dysfunction to
Pkm2
Mut Cre
+
mice. In patients with dilated left ventricles, increase in TRIM35 was associated with decreased
S37
P-PKM2 and GATA4/6 and increased P53. This study supports a previously unrecognized role for PKM2 as a molecular platform that mediates cell signaling events essential for cardiac survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Areli Lorenzana-Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Keshav Gopal
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Nikole J. Byrne
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Saymon Tejay
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Bruno Saleme
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Subhash K. Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Yongneng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Alois Haromy
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Farah Eaton
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | | | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jason R. B. Dyck
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - John R. Ussher
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Evangelos D. Michelakis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Gopinath Sutendra
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bokhari RS, Beheshti A, Blutt SE, Bowles DE, Brenner D, Britton R, Bronk L, Cao X, Chatterjee A, Clay DE, Courtney C, Fox DT, Gaber MW, Gerecht S, Grabham P, Grosshans D, Guan F, Jezuit EA, Kirsch DG, Liu Z, Maletic-Savatic M, Miller KM, Montague RA, Nagpal P, Osenberg S, Parkitny L, Pierce NA, Porada C, Rosenberg SM, Sargunas P, Sharma S, Spangler J, Tavakol DN, Thomas D, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Wang C, Whitcomb L, Young DW, Donoviel D. Looking on the horizon; potential and unique approaches to developing radiation countermeasures for deep space travel. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2022; 35:105-112. [PMID: 36336356 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Future lunar missions and beyond will require new and innovative approaches to radiation countermeasures. The Translational Research Institute for Space Health (TRISH) is focused on identifying and supporting unique approaches to reduce risks to human health and performance on future missions beyond low Earth orbit. This paper will describe three funded and complementary avenues for reducing the risk to humans from radiation exposure experienced in deep space. The first focus is on identifying new therapeutic targets to reduce the damaging effects of radiation by focusing on high throughput genetic screens in accessible, sometimes called lower, organism models. The second focus is to design innovative approaches for countermeasure development with special attention to nucleotide-based methodologies that may constitute a more agile way to design therapeutics. The final focus is to develop new and innovative ways to test radiation countermeasures in a human model system. While animal studies continue to be beneficial in the study of space radiation, they can have imperfect translation to humans. The use of three-dimensional (3D) complex in vitro models is a promising approach to aid the development of new countermeasures and personalized assessments of radiation risks. These three distinct and unique approaches complement traditional space radiation efforts and should provide future space explorers with more options to safeguard their short and long-term health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rihana S Bokhari
- Agile Decision Sciences, NRESS, Arlington, VA 22202, United States of America.
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, United States of America; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, United States of America
| | - Sarah E Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham NC, United States of America
| | - David Brenner
- Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States of America
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Bronk
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Xu Cao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Anushree Chatterjee
- Sachi Bioworks, Louisville, CO 80027, United States of America; University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States of America
| | - Delisa E Clay
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | | | - Donald T Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - M Waleed Gaber
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 United States of America; Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
| | - Peter Grabham
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 United States of America
| | - David Grosshans
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Fada Guan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Erin A Jezuit
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, 1250 Moursund St. Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Mirjana Maletic-Savatic
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, 1250 Moursund St. Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Kyle M Miller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Ruth A Montague
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Prashant Nagpal
- Sachi Bioworks, Louisville, CO 80027, United States of America
| | - Sivan Osenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, 1250 Moursund St. Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Luke Parkitny
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, 1250 Moursund St. Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Niles A Pierce
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America; Division of Engineering & Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America; Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Susan M Rosenberg
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77303, United States of America; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77303, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77303, United States of America; Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77303, United States of America
| | - Paul Sargunas
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 United States of America
| | - Sadhana Sharma
- Sachi Bioworks, Louisville, CO 80027, United States of America
| | - Jamie Spangler
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 United States of America
| | | | - Dilip Thomas
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | | | - Chunbo Wang
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham NC, United States of America
| | - Luke Whitcomb
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America
| | - Damian W Young
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Dorit Donoviel
- Translational Research Institute for Space Health, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lozhkin A, Vendrov AE, Ramos-Mondragón R, Canugovi C, Stevenson MD, Herron TJ, Hummel SL, Figueroa CA, Bowles DE, Isom LL, Runge MS, Madamanchi NR. Mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to diastolic dysfunction through impaired mitochondrial dynamics. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102474. [PMID: 36183542 PMCID: PMC9530618 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction (DD) underlies heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a clinical syndrome associated with aging that is becoming more prevalent. Despite extensive clinical studies, no effective treatment exists for HFpEF. Recent findings suggest that oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of DD, but molecular mechanisms underpinning redox-sensitive cardiac remodeling in DD remain obscure. Using transgenic mice with mitochondria-targeted NOX4 overexpression (Nox4TG618) as a model, we demonstrate that NOX4-dependent mitochondrial oxidative stress induces DD in mice as measured by increased E/E', isovolumic relaxation time, Tau Glantz and reduced dP/dtmin while EF is preserved. In Nox4TG618 mice, fragmentation of cardiomyocyte mitochondria, increased DRP1 phosphorylation, decreased expression of MFN2, and a higher percentage of apoptotic cells in the myocardium are associated with lower ATP-driven and maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, a decrease in respiratory reserve, and a decrease in citrate synthase and Complex I activities. Transgenic mice have an increased concentration of TGFβ and osteopontin in LV lysates, as well as MCP-1 in plasma, which correlates with a higher percentage of LV myocardial periostin- and ACTA2-positive cells compared with wild-type mice. Accordingly, the levels of ECM as measured by Picrosirius Red staining as well as interstitial deposition of collagen I are elevated in the myocardium of Nox4TG618 mice. The LV tissue of Nox4TG618 mice also exhibited increased ICaL current, calpain 2 expression, and altered/disrupted Z-disc structure. As it pertains to human pathology, similar changes were found in samples of LV from patients with DD. Finally, treatment with GKT137831, a specific NOX1 and NOX4 inhibitor, or overexpression of mCAT attenuated myocardial fibrosis and prevented DD in the Nox4TG618 mice. Together, our results indicate that mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to DD by causing mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired mitochondrial dynamics, increased synthesis of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines, activation of fibroblasts, and the accumulation of extracellular matrix, which leads to interstitial fibrosis and passive stiffness of the myocardium. Further, mitochondrial oxidative stress increases cardiomyocyte Ca2+ influx, which worsens CM relaxation and raises the LV filling pressure in conjunction with structural proteolytic damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Lozhkin
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - Aleksandr E Vendrov
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - R Ramos-Mondragón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chandrika Canugovi
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - Mark D Stevenson
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - Todd J Herron
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Scott L Hummel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C Alberto Figueroa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lori L Isom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marschall S Runge
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - Nageswara R Madamanchi
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fassler M, Tshori S, Barac Y, Bowles DE, Benaim C, George J. Dual Targeting of Soluble Oligomeric and Aggregated Transthyretin with a Monoclonal Antibody Ameliorates Experimental Neuropathy. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11101509. [PMID: 36290413 PMCID: PMC9598441 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ATTR amyloidosis comprises a spectrum of multiple clinical presentations, including, predominantly, neuropathy and cardiomyopathy. The common triggering pathogenic protein is misfolded transthyretin, a carrier protein that destabilizes misfolds and assembles into mature amyloid fibrils. The current management of ATTR amyloidosis includes the use of agents that stabilize TTR or attenuate its liver inducible production. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that a monoclonal antibody targeting the soluble oligomeric as well as the aggregated TTR would influence experimental neuropathy. We have shown that Ab-A, our previously described humanized IgG monoclonal antibody, dose-dependently ameliorates the toxicity to neurons triggered by misfolded TTR oligomers. Furthermore, the antibody that exhibits wide misTTR epitope recognition that includes the oligomeric and aggregated forms of the protein dose-dependently enhances the uptake of misfolded TTR to microglia, the resident predominant cells of the innate immune system within the CNS. These in vitro mechanistic properties of the antibody were corroborated by experimental in vivo data showing that the antibody rapidly clears human TTR amyloid extracts infiltrated to the sciatic nerves of rats. Thus, the monoclonal antibody targeting soluble and aggregated TTR is effective in experimental neuropathy, likely due its ability to act as a neuroprotective agent, as well its misTTR-mediated clearance via microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fassler
- Heart Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
- Cognyxx Ltd., Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sagi Tshori
- Heart Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
- Research Authority, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Yaron Barac
- The Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Surgical Sciences Division, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Clara Benaim
- Heart Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
- Cognyxx Ltd., Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob George
- Heart Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
- Cognyxx Ltd., Tel Aviv, Israel
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu J, Ma P, Lai L, Villanueva A, Koenig A, Bean GR, Bowles DE, Glass C, Watson M, Lavine KJ, Lin CY. Transcriptional and Immune Landscape of Cardiac Sarcoidosis. Circ Res 2022; 131:654-669. [PMID: 36111531 PMCID: PMC9514756 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac involvement is an important determinant of mortality among sarcoidosis patients. Although granulomatous inflammation is a hallmark finding in cardiac sarcoidosis, the precise immune cell populations that comprise the granuloma remain unresolved. Furthermore, it is unclear how the cellular and transcriptomic landscape of cardiac sarcoidosis differs from other inflammatory heart diseases. METHODS We leveraged spatial transcriptomics (GeoMx digital spatial profiler) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing to elucidate the cellular and transcriptional landscape of cardiac sarcoidosis. Using GeoMX digital spatial profiler technology, we compared the transcriptomal profile of CD68+ rich immune cell infiltrates in human cardiac sarcoidosis, giant cell myocarditis, and lymphocytic myocarditis. We performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing of human cardiac sarcoidosis to identify immune cell types and examined their transcriptomic landscape and regulation. Using multichannel immunofluorescence staining, we validated immune cell populations identified by single-nucleus RNA sequencing, determined their spatial relationship, and devised an immunostaining approach to distinguish cardiac sarcoidosis from other inflammatory heart diseases. RESULTS Despite overlapping histological features, spatial transcriptomics identified transcriptional signatures and associated pathways that robustly differentiated cardiac sarcoidosis from giant cell myocarditis and lymphocytic myocarditis. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed the presence of diverse populations of myeloid cells in cardiac sarcoidosis with distinct molecular features. We identified GPNMB (transmembrane glycoprotein NMB) as a novel marker of multinucleated giant cells and predicted that the MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) family of transcription factors regulated this cell type. We also detected additional macrophage populations in cardiac sarcoidosis including HLA-DR (human leukocyte antigen-DR)+ macrophages, SYTL3 (synaptotagmin-like protein 3)+ macrophages and CD163+ resident macrophages. HLA-DR+ macrophages were found immediately adjacent to GPMMB+ giant cells, a distinct feature compared with other inflammatory cardiac diseases. SYTL3+ macrophages were located scattered throughout the granuloma and CD163+ macrophages, CD1c+ dendritic cells, nonclassical monocytes, and T cells were located at the periphery and outside of the granuloma. Finally, we demonstrate mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway activation is associated with proliferation and is selectively found in HLA-DR+ and SYLT3+ macrophages. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified diverse populations of immune cells with distinct molecular signatures that comprise the sarcoid granuloma. These findings provide new insights into the pathology of cardiac sarcoidosis and highlight opportunities to improve diagnostic testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (J.L., P.M., A.K., K.J.L.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (J.L.)
| | - Pan Ma
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (J.L., P.M., A.K., K.J.L.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lulu Lai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology (A.V., L.L., C.-Y.L.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ana Villanueva
- Department of Pathology and Immunology (A.V., L.L., C.-Y.L.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Andrew Koenig
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (J.L., P.M., A.K., K.J.L.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Gregory R. Bean
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.R.B.)
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery (D.E.B., M.W.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Carolyn Glass
- Department of Pathology (C.G.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Michael Watson
- Department of Surgery (D.E.B., M.W.), Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (J.L., P.M., A.K., K.J.L.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology (A.V., L.L., C.-Y.L.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bishawi M, Lee FH, Abraham DM, Glass C, Blocker SJ, Cox DJ, Brown ZD, Rockman HA, Mao L, Slaba TC, Dewhirst MW, Truskey GA, Bowles DE. Late onset cardiovascular dysfunction in adult mice resulting from galactic cosmic ray exposure. iScience 2022; 25:104086. [PMID: 35378858 PMCID: PMC8976132 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and inaccessible space radiation environment poses an unresolved risk to astronaut cardiovascular health during long-term space exploration missions. To model this risk, healthy male c57BL/6 mice aged six months (corresponding to an astronaut of 34 years) were exposed to simplified galactic cosmic ray (GCR5-ion; 5-ion sim) irradiation at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at Brookhaven National Laboratories (BNL). Multi-modal cardiovascular functional assessments performed longitudinally and terminally revealed significant impairment in cardiac function in mice exposed to GCR5-ion compared to unirradiated controls, gamma irradiation, or single mono-energetic ions (56Fe or 16O). GCR5-ion-treated mice exhibited increased arterial elastance likely mediated by disruption of elastin fibers. This study suggests that a single exposure to GCR5-ion is associated with deterioration in cardiac structure and function that becomes apparent long after exposure, likely associated with increased morbidity and mortality. These findings represent important health considerations when preparing for successful space exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muath Bishawi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, MRSB1 Rm. 421b, 203 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Franklin H. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, MRSB1 Rm. 421b, 203 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dennis M. Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carolyn Glass
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Cox
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, MRSB1 Rm. 421b, 203 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zachary D. Brown
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, MRSB1 Rm. 421b, 203 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Howard A. Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lan Mao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tony C. Slaba
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA
| | - Mark W. Dewhirst
- Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - George A. Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, MRSB1 Rm. 421b, 203 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mendiola Pla M, Evans A, Lee FH, Chiang Y, Bishawi M, Vekstein A, Kang L, Zapata D, Gross R, Carnes A, Gault LE, Balko JA, Bonadonna D, Ho S, Lezberg P, Bryner BS, Schroder JN, Milano CA, Bowles DE. A Porcine Heterotopic Heart Transplantation Protocol for Delivery of Therapeutics to a Cardiac Allograft. J Vis Exp 2022. [DOI: 10.3791/63114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
21
|
Vekstein AM, Wendell DC, DeLuca S, Yan R, Chen Y, Bishawi M, Devlin GW, Asokan A, Poss KD, Bowles DE, Williams AR, Bursac N. Targeted Delivery for Cardiac Regeneration: Comparison of Intra-coronary Infusion and Intra-myocardial Injection in Porcine Hearts. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:833335. [PMID: 35224061 PMCID: PMC8866722 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.833335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal delivery route to enhance effectiveness of regenerative therapeutics to the human heart is poorly understood. Direct intra-myocardial (IM) injection is the gold standard, however, it is relatively invasive. We thus compared targeted IM against less invasive, catheter-based intra-coronary (IC) delivery to porcine myocardium for the acute retention of nanoparticles using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and viral vector transduction using qPCR. METHODS Ferumoxytol iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (5 ml) were administered to Yorkshire swine (n = 13) by: (1) IM via thoracotomy, (2) catheter-based IC balloon-occlusion (BO) with infusion into the distal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, (3) IC perforated side-wall (SW) infusion into the LAD, or (4) non-selective IC via left main (LM) coronary artery infusion. Hearts were harvested and imaged using at 3T whole-body MRI scanner. In separate Yorkshire swine (n = 13), an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector was similarly delivered, tissue harvested 4-6 weeks later, and viral DNA quantified from predefined areas at risk (apical LV/RV) vs. not at risk in a potential mid-LAD infarct model. Results were analyzed using pairwise Student's t-test. RESULTS IM delivery yielded the highest IO retention (16.0 ± 4.6% of left ventricular volume). Of the IC approaches, BO showed the highest IO retention (8.7 ± 2.2% vs. SW = 5.5 ± 4.9% and LM = 0%) and yielded consistent uptake in the porcine distal LAD territory, including the apical septum, LV, and RV. IM delivery was limited to the apex and anterior wall, without septal retention. For the AAV delivery, the BO was most efficient in the at risk territory (Risk: BO = 6.0 × 10-9, IM = 1.4 × 10-9, LM = 3.2 × 10-10 viral copies per μg genomic DNA) while all delivery routes were comparable in the non-risk territory (BO = 1.7 × 10-9, IM = 8.9 × 10-10, LM = 1.2 × 10-9). CONCLUSIONS Direct IM injection has the highest local retention, while IC delivery with balloon occlusion and distal infusion is the most effective IC delivery technique to target therapeutics to a heart territory most in risk from an infarct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Vekstein
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David C. Wendell
- Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sophia DeLuca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ruorong Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Muath Bishawi
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Garth W. Devlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kenneth D. Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Adam R. Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pla MM, Evans A, Lezberg P, Bowles DE. Ex Vivo Delivery of Viral Vectors by Organ Perfusion for Cardiac Transplantation Gene Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2573:249-259. [PMID: 36040600 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2707-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in ex vivo perfusion have enabled an extended preservation time for solid organs prior to transplantation allowing for possible resuscitation of the donor organ during the preservation period. Opportunities to provide viral vector-mediated gene therapy to the entire cardiac graft during this extended preservation period may lead to improvements in cardiac transplantation outcomes. Here we describe how to achieve successful gene delivery using viral vectors to an entire cardiac graft by normothermic, ex vivo perfusion. This protocol has been confirmed with the most highly utilized viral vector types in gene therapy clinical studies (adenoviral [Ad] and adeno-associated viral vector [AAV]).
Collapse
|
23
|
Chunhacha P, Pinkaew D, Sinthujaroen P, Bowles DE, Fujise K. Fortilin inhibits p53, halts cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and protects the heart against heart failure. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:310. [PMID: 34689154 PMCID: PMC8542040 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has reached epidemic proportions in developed countries, affecting over 20 million people worldwide. Despite modern medical and device therapies, 60–70% of HF patients still die within 5 years of diagnosis as it relentlessly progresses through pervasive apoptotic loss of cardiomyocytes. Although fortilin, a 172-amino-acid anti-p53 molecule, is one of the most expressed proteins in the heart, its precise role there has remained unknown. Also unclear is how cardiomyocytes are protected against apoptosis. Here, we report that failing human hearts express less fortilin than do non-failing hearts. We also found that mice lacking fortilin in the heart (fortilinKO-heart) die by 9 weeks of age due to extensive cardiomyocyte apoptosis and severe HF, which suggests that fortilin sustains cardiomyocyte viability. The lack of fortilin is also associated with drastic upregulation of p53 target genes in the hearts. The heart-specific deletion of p53 in fortilinKO-heart mice extends their life spans from 9 to 18 weeks by mitigating cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Our data suggest that fortilin is a novel cardiac p53 inhibitor and that its inadequate expression in failing hearts and subsequent overactivation of the p53 apoptosis pathway in cardiomyocytes exacerbates HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preedakorn Chunhacha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, and Cell-based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit (CDD), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Decha Pinkaew
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Patuma Sinthujaroen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ken Fujise
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Venkatakrishnan A, Holzknecht ZE, Holzknecht R, Bowles DE, Kotzé SH, Modliszewski JL, Parker W. Evolution of bacteria in the human gut in response to changing environments: An invisible player in the game of health. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:752-758. [PMID: 33552447 PMCID: PMC7829112 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Several factors in Western society, including widespread use of antibiotics, chronic inflammation, and loss of complex eukaryotic symbionts such as helminths, have a dramatic impact on the ecosystem of the gut, affecting the microbiota hosted there. In addition, reductions in dietary fiber are profoundly impactful on the microbiota, causing extensive destruction of the niche space that supports the normally diverse microbial community in the gut. Abundant evidence now supports the view that, following dramatic alterations in the gut ecosystem, microorganisms undergo rapid change via Darwinian evolution. Such evolutionary change creates functionally distinct bacteria that may potentially have properties of pathogens but yet are difficult to distinguish from their benign predecessors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoie E Holzknecht
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rob Holzknecht
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sanet H Kotzé
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Jennifer L Modliszewski
- Genomic Analysis and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William Parker
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Staying longer in outer space will inevitably increase the health risks of astronauts due to the exposures to galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events. Exposure may pose a significant hazard to space flight crews not only during the mission but also later, when slow-developing adverse effects could finally become apparent. The body of literature examining ground-based outcomes in response to high-energy charged-particle radiation suggests differential effects in response to different particles and energies. Numerous animal and cellular models have repeatedly demonstrated the negative effects of high-energy charged-particle on the brain and cognitive function. However, research on the role of space radiation in potentiating cardiovascular dysfunction is still in its early stages. This review summarizes the available data from studies using ground-based animal models to evaluate the response of the brain and heart to the high-energy charged particles of GCR and SPE, addresses potential sex differences in these effects, and aims to highlight gaps in the current literature for future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antiño R Allen
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Stevenson MD, Canugovi C, Vendrov AE, Hayami T, Bowles DE, Krause KH, Madamanchi NR, Runge MS. NADPH Oxidase 4 Regulates Inflammation in Ischemic Heart Failure: Role of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:39-58. [PMID: 30450923 PMCID: PMC6552006 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Oxidative stress is implicated in cardiomyocyte cell death and cardiac remodeling in the failing heart. The role of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in cardiac adaptation to pressure overload is controversial, but its function in myocardial ischemic stress has not been thoroughly elucidated. This study examined the function of NOX4 in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart failure, utilizing mouse models, cell culture, and human heart samples. Results:Nox4-/- mice showed a protective phenotype in response to permanent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation with smaller infarction area, lower cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, higher capillary density, and less cell death versus wild-type (WT) mice. Nox4-/- mice had lower activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), a potent regulator of inflammation. Nox4-/- mice also showed a 50% reduction in the number of infiltrating CD68+ macrophages in the peri-infarct zone versus WT mice. Adenoviral overexpression of NOX4 in cardiomyoblast cells increased sEH expression and activity and CCL4 and CCL5 levels; inhibition of sEH activity in NOX4 overexpressing cells attenuated the cytokine levels. Human hearts with ischemic cardiomyopathy showed adverse cardiac remodeling, increased NOX4 and sEH protein expression and CCL4 and CCL5 levels compared with control nonfailing hearts. Innovation and Conclusion: These data from the Nox4-/- mouse model and human heart tissues show for the first time that oxidative stress from increased NOX4 expression has a functional role in ischemic heart failure. One mechanism by which NOX4 contributes to ischemic heart failure is by increasing inflammatory cytokine production via enhanced sEH activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Stevenson
- 1 Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chandrika Canugovi
- 1 Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Aleksandr E Vendrov
- 1 Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Takayuki Hayami
- 1 Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- 2 Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- 3 Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nageswara R Madamanchi
- 1 Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marschall S Runge
- 1 Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bishawi M, Roan JN, Milano CA, Daneshmand MA, Schroder JN, Chiang Y, Lee FH, Brown ZD, Nevo A, Watson MJ, Rowell T, Paul S, Lezberg P, Walczak R, Bowles DE. A normothermic ex vivo organ perfusion delivery method for cardiac transplantation gene therapy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8029. [PMID: 31142753 PMCID: PMC6541710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, both percutaneous and surgical approaches to deliver viral vectors to the heart either have resulted in therapeutically inadequate levels of transgene expression or have raised safety concerns associated with extra-cardiac delivery. Recent developments in the field of normothermic ex vivo cardiac perfusion storage have now created opportunities to overcome these limitations and safety concerns of cardiac gene therapy. This study examined the feasibility of ex vivo perfusion as an approach to deliver a viral vector to a donor heart during storage and the resulting bio distribution and expression levels of the transgene in the recipient post-transplant. The influence of components (proprietary solution, donor blood, and ex vivo circuitry tubing and oxygenators) of the Organ Care System (OC) (TransMedics, Inc., Andover MA) on viral vector transduction was examined using a cell-based luciferase assay. Our ex vivo perfusion strategy, optimized for efficient Adenoviral vector transduction, was utilized to deliver 5 × 1013 total viral particles of an Adenoviral firefly luciferase vector with a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promotor to porcine donor hearts prior to heterotopic implantation. We have evaluated the overall levels of expression, protein activity, as well as the bio distribution of the firefly luciferase protein in a series of three heart transplants at a five-day post-transplant endpoint. The perfusion solution and the ex vivo circuitry did not influence viral vector transduction, but the serum or plasma fractions of the donor blood significantly inhibited viral vector transduction. Thus, subsequent gene delivery experiments to the explanted porcine heart utilized an autologous blood recovery approach to remove undesired plasma or serum components of the donor blood prior to its placement into the circuit. Enzymatic assessment of luciferase activity in tissues (native heart, allograft, liver etc.) obtained post-transplant day five revealed wide-spread and robust luciferase activity in all regions of the allograft (right and left atria, right and left ventricles, coronary arteries) compared to the native recipient heart. Importantly, luciferase activity in recipient heart, liver, lung, spleen, or psoas muscle was within background levels. Similar to luciferase activity, the luciferase protein expression in the allograft appeared uniform and robust across all areas of the myocardium as well as in the coronary arteries. Importantly, despite high copy number of vector genomic DNA in transplanted heart tissue, there was no evidence of vector DNA in either the recipient’s native heart or liver. Overall we demonstrate a simple protocol to achieve substantial, global gene delivery and expression isolated to the cardiac allograft. This introduces a novel method of viral vector delivery that opens the opportunity for biological modification of the allograft prior to implantation that may improve post-transplant outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muath Bishawi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jun-Neng Roan
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Carmelo A Milano
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mani A Daneshmand
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jacob N Schroder
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yuting Chiang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Franklin H Lee
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary D Brown
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adam Nevo
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Watson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Sally Paul
- Perfusion Services, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Dawn E Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ren L, Holzknecht RA, Holzknecht ZE, Kotzé SH, Bowles DE, Lin SS, McKenney EA, Parker W. A mole rat's gut microbiota suggests selective influence of diet on microbial niche space and evolution. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:471-483. [PMID: 30760029 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219828703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The composition of the microbiota is of critical importance for health and disease, and is receiving increased scientific and medical scrutiny. Of particular interest is the role of changing diets as a function of agriculture and, perhaps to an even greater extent, modern food processing. To probe the connection between diet and the gut's microbial community, the microbiota from a mole rat, a rodent with a relatively unusual diet, was analyzed in detail, and the microbes found were compared with previously identified organisms. The results show evidence of an adaptive radiation of some microbial clades, but relative stability in others. This suggests that the microbiota, like the genome, carries with it housekeeping components as well as other components which can evolve rapidly when the environment changes. This study provides a very broad view of the niche space in the gut and how factors such as diet might influence that niche space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ren
- 1 Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert A Holzknecht
- 1 Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zoie E Holzknecht
- 1 Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sanet H Kotzé
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- 1 Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shu S Lin
- 1 Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Erin A McKenney
- 3 Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - William Parker
- 1 Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Beak JY, Kang HS, Huang W, Myers PH, Bowles DE, Jetten AM, Jensen BC. The nuclear receptor RORα protects against angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H186-H200. [PMID: 30387679 PMCID: PMC6383360 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00531.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-α (RORα) regulates numerous critical biological processes, including central nervous system development, lymphocyte differentiation, and lipid metabolism. RORα has been recently identified in the heart, but very little is known about its role in cardiac physiology. We sought to determine whether RORα regulates myocardial hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte survival in the context of angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulation. For in vivo characterization of the function of RORα in the context of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, we used the "staggerer" (RORαsg/sg) mouse, which harbors a germline mutation encoding a truncated and globally nonfunctional RORα. RORαsg/sg and wild-type littermate mice were infused with ANG II or vehicle for 14 days. For in vitro experiments, we overexpressed or silenced RORα in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) and human cardiac fibroblasts exposed to ANG II. RORαsg/sg mice developed exaggerated myocardial hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction after ANG II treatment. In vitro gain- and loss-of-function experiments were consistent with the discovery that RORα inhibits ANG II-induced pathological hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte death in vivo. RORα directly repressed IL-6 transcription. Loss of RORα function led to enhanced IL-6 expression, proinflammatory STAT3 activation (phopho-STAT3 Tyr705), and decreased mitochondrial number and function, oxidative stress, hypertrophy, and death of cardiomyocytes upon ANG II exposure. RORα was less abundant in failing compared with nonfailing human heart tissue. In conclusion, RORα protects against ANG II-mediated pathological hypertrophy and heart failure by suppressing the IL-6-STAT3 pathway and enhancing mitochondrial function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mice lacking retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-α (RORα) develop exaggerated cardiac hypertrophy after angiotensin II infusion. Loss of RORα leads to enhanced IL-6 expression and NF-κB nuclear translocation. RORα maintains mitochondrial function and reduces oxidative stress after angiotensin II. The abundance of RORα is reduced in failing mouse and human hearts.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/toxicity
- Animals
- Cardiomegaly/etiology
- Cardiomegaly/genetics
- Cardiomegaly/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Loss of Function Mutation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Myocardial Contraction
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/physiology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Youn Beak
- McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hong Soon Kang
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Wei Huang
- McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Page H Myers
- Veterinary Medicine Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Brian C Jensen
- McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bishawi M, Roan JN, Richards J, Brown Z, Blue L, Daneshmand MA, Schroder JN, Bowles DE, Milano CA. Use of Two Intracorporeal Ventricular Assist Devices As a Total Artificial Heart. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29806848 DOI: 10.3791/55961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) has been introduced as a viable alternative to heart transplantation primarily through the use of intracorporeal ventricular assist devices (VADs) for support of the left ventricle. However, certain clinical scenarios warrant biventricular mechanical support. One strategy for some patients is the excision of both ventricles and the implantation of two VAD pumps as a total artificial heart (TAH). This has recently been made possible by the improvements in device design and the small profile of centrifugal devices. This TAH approach remains experimental with many important challenges such as the device settings to balance the right and left circulation, the orientation of the devices and the outflow graft with their influence on hemolysis and stability, and the outcome of chronic support using such an orientation. This protocol aims to provide a reproducible approach for total artificial heart replacement with two intracorporeal centrifugal VADs in a cow model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muath Bishawi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University;
| | - Jun-Neng Roan
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine
| | - Jordan Richards
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University
| | - Zachary Brown
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University
| | - Laura Blue
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University
| | - Mani A Daneshmand
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University
| | - Jacob N Schroder
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University
| | - Carmelo A Milano
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hayashi H, Hess DT, Zhang R, Sugi K, Gao H, Tan BL, Bowles DE, Milano CA, Jain MK, Koch WJ, Stamler JS. S-Nitrosylation of β-Arrestins Biases Receptor Signaling and Confers Ligand Independence. Mol Cell 2018; 70:473-487.e6. [PMID: 29727618 PMCID: PMC5940012 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Most G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signal through both heterotrimeric G proteins and β-arrestins (βarr1 and βarr2). Although synthetic ligands can elicit biased signaling by G protein- vis-à-vis βarr-mediated transduction, endogenous mechanisms for biasing signaling remain elusive. Here we report that S-nitrosylation of a novel site within βarr1/2 provides a general mechanism to bias ligand-induced signaling through GPCRs by selectively inhibiting βarr-mediated transduction. Concomitantly, S-nitrosylation endows cytosolic βarrs with receptor-independent function. Enhanced βarr S-nitrosylation characterizes inflammation and aging as well as human and murine heart failure. In genetically engineered mice lacking βarr2-Cys253 S-nitrosylation, heart failure is exacerbated in association with greatly compromised β-adrenergic chronotropy and inotropy, reflecting βarr-biased transduction and β-adrenergic receptor downregulation. Thus, S-nitrosylation regulates βarr function and, thereby, biases transduction through GPCRs, demonstrating a novel role for nitric oxide in cellular signaling with potentially broad implications for patho/physiological GPCR function, including a previously unrecognized role in heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hayashi
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106,Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Douglas T. Hess
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106,Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Rongli Zhang
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106,Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Keiki Sugi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Huiyun Gao
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Bea L. Tan
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106,Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Carmelo A. Milano
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Mukesh K. Jain
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Department of Medicine and Center for Translational Research, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106,Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106,Lead Contact to whom correspondence should be addressed: Jonathan S. Stamler, M.D., Institute for Transformative
Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building 4129, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106,
Tel.: 216-368-5725, Fax: 216-368-2968,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Santacruz L, Arciniegas AJL, Darrabie M, Mantilla JG, Baron RM, Bowles DE, Mishra R, Jacobs DO. Hypoxia decreases creatine uptake in cardiomyocytes, while creatine supplementation enhances HIF activation. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/16/e13382. [PMID: 28821596 PMCID: PMC5582266 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine (Cr), phosphocreatine (PCr), and creatine kinases (CK) comprise an energy shuttle linking ATP production in mitochondria with cellular consumption sites. Myocytes cannot synthesize Cr: these cells depend on uptake across the cell membrane by a specialized creatine transporter (CrT) to maintain intracellular Cr levels. Hypoxia interferes with energy metabolism, including the activity of the creatine energy shuttle, and therefore affects intracellular ATP and PCr levels. Here, we report that exposing cultured cardiomyocytes to low oxygen levels rapidly diminishes Cr transport by decreasing Vmax and Km. Pharmacological activation of AMP‐activated kinase (AMPK) abrogated the reduction in Cr transport caused by hypoxia. Cr supplementation increases ATP and PCr content in cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia, while also significantly augmenting the cellular adaptive response to hypoxia mediated by HIF‐1 activation. Our results indicate that: (1) hypoxia reduces Cr transport in cardiomyocytes in culture, (2) the cytoprotective effects of Cr supplementation are related to enhanced adaptive physiological responses to hypoxia mediated by HIF‐1, and (3) Cr supplementation increases the cellular ATP and PCr content in RNCMs exposed to hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Santacruz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas .,Department of Natural Sciences, Bowie State University, Bowie, Maryland
| | - Antonio Jose Luis Arciniegas
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Rebecca M Baron
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Danny O Jacobs
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jean-Charles PY, Yu SMW, Abraham D, Kommaddi RP, Mao L, Strachan RT, Zhang ZS, Bowles DE, Brian L, Stiber JA, Jones SN, Koch WJ, Rockman HA, Shenoy SK. Mdm2 regulates cardiac contractility by inhibiting GRK2-mediated desensitization of β-adrenergic receptor signaling. JCI Insight 2017; 2:95998. [PMID: 28878120 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncoprotein Mdm2 is a RING domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinates G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and β-arrestin2, thereby regulating β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling and endocytosis. Previous studies showed that cardiac Mdm2 expression is critical for controlling p53-dependent apoptosis during early embryonic development, but the role of Mdm2 in the developed adult heart is unknown. We aimed to identify if Mdm2 affects βAR signaling and cardiac function in adult mice. Using Mdm2/p53-KO mice, which survive for 9-12 months, we identified a critical and potentially novel role for Mdm2 in the adult mouse heart through its regulation of cardiac β1AR signaling. While baseline cardiac function was mostly similar in both Mdm2/p53-KO and wild-type (WT) mice, isoproterenol-induced cardiac contractility in Mdm2/p53-KO was significantly blunted compared with WT mice. Isoproterenol increased cAMP in left ventricles of WT but not of Mdm2/p53-KO mice. Additionally, while basal and forskolin-induced calcium handling in isolated Mdm2/p53-KO and WT cardiomyocytes were equivalent, isoproterenol-induced calcium handling in Mdm2/p53-KO was impaired. Mdm2/p53-KO hearts expressed 2-fold more GRK2 than WT. GRK2 polyubiquitination via lysine-48 linkages was significantly reduced in Mdm2/p53-KO hearts. Tamoxifen-inducible cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Mdm2 in adult mice also led to a significant increase in GRK2, and resulted in severely impaired cardiac function, high mortality, and no detectable βAR responsiveness. Gene delivery of either Mdm2 or GRK2-CT in vivo using adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) effectively rescued β1AR-induced cardiac contractility in Mdm2/p53-KO. These findings reveal a critical p53-independent physiological role of Mdm2 in adult hearts, namely, regulation of GRK2-mediated desensitization of βAR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lan Mao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | | | | | - Dawn E Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leigh Brian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | | | - Stephen N Jones
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Howard A Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and.,Department of Cell Biology, and.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sudha K Shenoy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and.,Department of Cell Biology, and
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Guo H, Mi Z, Bowles DE, Bhattacharya SD, Kuo PC. Osteopontin and protein kinase C regulate PDLIM2 activation and STAT1 ubiquitination in LPS-treated murine macrophages. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:1142. [PMID: 28108614 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.a110.161869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
35
|
Ahmad T, Kelly JP, McGarrah RW, Hellkamp AS, Fiuzat M, Testani JM, Wang TS, Verma A, Samsky MD, Donahue MP, Ilkayeva OR, Bowles DE, Patel CB, Milano CA, Rogers JG, Felker GM, O'Connor CM, Shah SH, Kraus WE. Prognostic Implications of Long-Chain Acylcarnitines in Heart Failure and Reversibility With Mechanical Circulatory Support. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67:291-9. [PMID: 26796394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is characterized by perturbations in energy homeostasis and metabolism. The reversibility and prognostic value of circulating markers associated with these changes remain unclear. OBJECTIVES This study sought to describe the metabolomic profiles of patients along the spectrum of systolic HF, determine their association with adverse outcomes in a clinical trial of HF, and evaluate whether identified metabolites change with treatment for end-stage systolic HF. METHODS To assess association of metabolites with clinical outcomes, we evaluated a population of 453 chronic systolic HF patients who had been randomized to exercise training versus usual care. To assess change in metabolites with mechanical circulatory support, 41 patients with end-stage HF who underwent left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement were studied. Targeted, quantitative profiling of 60 metabolites using tandem flow injection mass spectrometry was performed on frozen plasma samples obtained prior to randomization, as well as prior to and ≥90 days post-placement in the LVAD group. Principal components analysis was used for data reduction. RESULTS Five principal components analysis-derived factors were significantly associated with peak Vo2 levels at baseline in fully adjusted models. Of these, factor 5 (composed of long-chain acylcarnitines) was associated with increased risk of all 3 pre-specified clinical trial outcomes: all-cause mortality/all-cause hospitalization, all cause-hospitalization, and cardiovascular death or cardiovascular hospitalization. Individual components of factor 5 were significantly higher in patients with end-stage HF prior to LVAD placement and decreased significantly post-implantation. CONCLUSIONS In chronic HF patients, circulating long-chain acylcarnitine metabolite levels were independently associated with adverse clinical outcomes and decreased after long-term mechanical circulatory support. These metabolites may serve as potential targets for new diagnostics or therapeutic interventions. (Exercise Training Program to Improve Clinical Outcomes in Individuals With Congestive Heart Failure; NCT00047437).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ahmad
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Jacob P Kelly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Robert W McGarrah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anne S Hellkamp
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mona Fiuzat
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey M Testani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Teresa S Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Marc D Samsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark P Donahue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chetan B Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Carmelo A Milano
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joseph G Rogers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - G Michael Felker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher M O'Connor
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Svati H Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William E Kraus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gaval-Cruz M, Goertz RB, Puttick DJ, Bowles DE, Meyer RC, Hall RA, Ko D, Paladini CA, Weinshenker D. Chronic loss of noradrenergic tone produces β-arrestin2-mediated cocaine hypersensitivity and alters cellular D2 responses in the nucleus accumbens. Addict Biol 2016; 21:35-48. [PMID: 25123018 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine blocks plasma membrane monoamine transporters and increases extracellular levels of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT). The addictive properties of cocaine are mediated primarily by DA, while NE and 5-HT play modulatory roles. Chronic inhibition of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), which converts DA to NE, increases the aversive effects of cocaine and reduces cocaine use in humans, and produces behavioral hypersensitivity to cocaine and D2 agonism in rodents, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We found a decrease in β-arrestin2 (βArr2) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) following chronic genetic or pharmacological DBH inhibition, and overexpression of βArr2 in the NAc normalized cocaine-induced locomotion in DBH knockout (Dbh -/-) mice. The D2/3 agonist quinpirole decreased excitability in NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs) from control, but not Dbh -/- animals, where instead there was a trend for an excitatory effect. The Gαi inhibitor NF023 abolished the quinpirole-induced decrease in excitability in control MSNs, but had no effect in Dbh -/- MSNs, whereas the Gαs inhibitor NF449 restored the ability of quinpirole to decrease excitability in Dbh -/- MSNs, but had no effect in control MSNs. These results suggest that chronic loss of noradrenergic tone alters behavioral responses to cocaine via decreases in βArr2 and cellular responses to D2/D3 activation, potentially via changes in D2-like receptor G-protein coupling in NAc MSNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Gaval-Cruz
- Department of Human Genetics; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Richard B. Goertz
- Department of Biology; Neurosciences Institute; University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
| | - Daniel J. Puttick
- Department of Human Genetics; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery; Duke University School of Medicine; Durham NC USA
| | - Rebecca C. Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Randy A. Hall
- Department of Pharmacology; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Daijin Ko
- Department of Management Science and Statistics; University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
| | - Carlos A. Paladini
- Department of Biology; Neurosciences Institute; University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schechter MA, Watson MJ, Feger BJ, Southerland KW, Mishra R, Dibernardo LR, Kuchibhatla M, Schroder JN, Daneshmand MA, Patel CB, Rogers JG, Milano CA, Bowles DE. Elevated Cardiac Troponin I in Preservation Solution Is Associated With Primary Graft Dysfunction. J Card Fail 2015; 22:158-62. [PMID: 26365053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.08.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity early post-heart transplant, relatively little is known regarding mechanisms involved in PGD development. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the relationship between cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations in the preservation solution from 43 heart transplant procedures and the development of PGD. Donor hearts were flushed with cold preservation solution (University of Wisconsin [UW] or Custodiol) and stored in the same solution. cTnI concentrations were measured utilizing the i-STAT System and normalized to left ventricular mass. Recipient medical records were reviewed to determine PGD according to the 2014 ISHLT consensus conference. Nineteen patients developed PGD following cardiac transplantation. For both UW and Custodiol, normalized cTnI levels were significantly increased (P = .031 and .034, respectively) for those cases that developed PGD versus no PGD. cTnI levels correlated with duration of ischemic time in the UW group, but not for the Custodiol group. Donor age and donor cTnI (obtained prior to organ procurement) did not correlate with preservation cTnI levels in either UW or Custodiol. CONCLUSIONS Increased preservation solution cTnI is associated with the development of PGD suggesting preservation injury may be a dominant mechanism for the development of PGD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Schechter
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael J Watson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bryan J Feger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kevin W Southerland
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rajashree Mishra
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Louis R Dibernardo
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Maragatha Kuchibhatla
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Center of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jacob N Schroder
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mani A Daneshmand
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chetan B Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joseph G Rogers
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Carmelo A Milano
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pratico ED, Feger BJ, Watson MJ, Sullenger BA, Bowles DE, Milano CA, Nair SK. RNA-Mediated Reprogramming of Primary Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts into c-kit(+) Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2622-33. [PMID: 26176491 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition that is inadequately managed by pharmaceuticals. Cardiac repair therapies are promising alternative options. A potential cardiac repair therapy involves reprogramming human fibroblasts toward an induced cardiac progenitor-like state. We developed a clinically useful and safer reprogramming method by nonintegrative delivery of a cocktail of cardiac transcription factor-encoding mRNAs into autologous human dermal fibroblasts obtained from skin biopsies. Using this method, adult and neonatal dermal fibroblasts were reprogrammed into cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) that expressed c-kit, Isl-1, and Nkx2.5. Furthermore, these reprogrammed CPCs differentiated into cardiomyocytes (CMs) in vitro as judged by increased expression of cardiac troponin T, α-sarcomeric actinin, RyR2, and SERCA2 and displayed enhanced caffeine-sensitive calcium release. The ability to reprogram patient-derived dermal fibroblasts into c-kit(+) CPCs and differentiate them into functional CMs provides clinicians with a potential new source of CPCs for cardiac repair from a renewable source and an alternative therapy in the treatment of heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Pratico
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bryan J Feger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael J Watson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bruce A Sullenger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Carmelo A Milano
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Smita K Nair
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Schechter MA, Hsieh MKH, Njoroge LW, Thompson JW, Soderblom EJ, Feger BJ, Troupes CD, Hershberger KA, Ilkayeva OR, Nagel WL, Landinez GP, Shah KM, Burns VA, Santacruz L, Hirschey MD, Foster MW, Milano CA, Moseley MA, Piacentino V, Bowles DE. Phosphoproteomic profiling of human myocardial tissues distinguishes ischemic from non-ischemic end stage heart failure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104157. [PMID: 25117565 PMCID: PMC4130503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular differences between ischemic (IF) and non-ischemic (NIF) heart failure are poorly defined. A better understanding of the molecular differences between these two heart failure etiologies may lead to the development of more effective heart failure therapeutics. In this study extensive proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiles of myocardial tissue from patients diagnosed with IF or NIF were assembled and compared. Proteins extracted from left ventricular sections were proteolyzed and phosphopeptides were enriched using titanium dioxide resin. Gel- and label-free nanoscale capillary liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution accuracy mass tandem mass spectrometry allowed for the quantification of 4,436 peptides (corresponding to 450 proteins) and 823 phosphopeptides (corresponding to 400 proteins) from the unenriched and phospho-enriched fractions, respectively. Protein abundance did not distinguish NIF from IF. In contrast, 37 peptides (corresponding to 26 proteins) exhibited a ≥ 2-fold alteration in phosphorylation state (p<0.05) when comparing IF and NIF. The degree of protein phosphorylation at these 37 sites was specifically dependent upon the heart failure etiology examined. Proteins exhibiting phosphorylation alterations were grouped into functional categories: transcriptional activation/RNA processing; cytoskeleton structure/function; molecular chaperones; cell adhesion/signaling; apoptosis; and energetic/metabolism. Phosphoproteomic analysis demonstrated profound post-translational differences in proteins that are involved in multiple cellular processes between different heart failure phenotypes. Understanding the roles these phosphorylation alterations play in the development of NIF and IF has the potential to generate etiology-specific heart failure therapeutics, which could be more effective than current therapeutics in addressing the growing concern of heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Schechter
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael K. H. Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Linda W. Njoroge
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - J. Will Thompson
- Duke Proteomics Core, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erik J. Soderblom
- Duke Proteomics Core, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bryan J. Feger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Constantine D. Troupes
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kathleen A. Hershberger
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Olga R. Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Whitney L. Nagel
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gina P. Landinez
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kishan M. Shah
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Virginia A. Burns
- Duke Translational Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lucia Santacruz
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Hirschey
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew W. Foster
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carmelo A. Milano
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - M. Arthur Moseley
- Duke Proteomics Core, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Valentino Piacentino
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Since its introduction in the late 19(th) century, the Langendorff isolated heart perfusion apparatus, and the subsequent development of the working heart model, have been invaluable tools for studying cardiovascular function and disease(1-15). Although the Langendorff heart preparation can be used for any mammalian heart, most studies involving this apparatus use small animal models (e.g., mouse, rat, and rabbit) due to the increased complexity of systems for larger mammals(1,3,11). One major difficulty is ensuring a constant coronary perfusion pressure over a range of different heart sizes - a key component of any experiment utilizing this device(1,11). By replacing the classic hydrostatic afterload column with a centrifugal pump, the Langendorff working heart apparatus described below allows for easy adjustment and tight regulation of perfusion pressures, meaning the same set-up can be used for various species or heart sizes. Furthermore, this configuration can also seamlessly switch between constant pressure or constant flow during reperfusion, depending on the user's preferences. The open nature of this setup, despite making temperature regulation more difficult than other designs, allows for easy collection of effluent and ventricular pressure-volume data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bryan J Feger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center
| | - Dean Linder
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center
| | - Ayyaz A Ali
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester
| | - Linda Njoroge
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center
| | | | - Dawn E Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center;
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Southerland KW, Frazier SB, Bowles DE, Milano CA, Kontos CD. Gene therapy for the prevention of vein graft disease. Transl Res 2013; 161:321-38. [PMID: 23274305 PMCID: PMC3602161 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advances in the medical management of atherosclerosis over the past several decades, many patients require arterial revascularization to reduce mortality and alleviate ischemic symptoms. Technological advancements have led to dramatic increases in the use of percutaneous and endovascular approaches, yet surgical revascularization (bypass surgery) with autologous vein grafts remains a mainstay of therapy for both coronary and peripheral artery disease. Although bypass surgery is highly efficacious in the short term, long-term outcomes are limited by relatively high failure rates as a result of intimal hyperplasia, which is a common feature of vein graft disease. The supply of native veins is limited, and many individuals require multiple grafts and repeat procedures. The need to prevent vein graft failure has led to great interest in gene therapy approaches to this problem. Bypass grafting presents an ideal opportunity for gene therapy, as surgically harvested vein grafts can be treated with gene delivery vectors ex vivo, thereby maximizing gene delivery while minimizing the potential for systemic toxicity and targeting the pathogenesis of vein graft disease at its onset. Here we will review the pathogenesis of vein graft disease and discuss vector delivery strategies and potential molecular targets for its prevention. We will summarize the preclinical and clinical literature on gene therapy in vein grafting and discuss additional considerations for future therapies to prevent vein graft disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Southerland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Foster MW, Thompson JW, Forrester MT, Sha Y, McMahon TJ, Bowles DE, Moseley MA, Marshall HE. Proteomic analysis of the NOS2 interactome in human airway epithelial cells. Nitric Oxide 2013; 34:37-46. [PMID: 23438482 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine-inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) is constitutively expressed in human respiratory epithelia and is upregulated in inflammatory lung disease. Here, we sought to better define the protein interactions that may be important for NOS2 activity and stability, as well as to identify potential targets of NOS2-derived NO, in the respiratory epithelium. We overexpressed Flag-tagged, catalytically-inactive NOS2 in A549 cells and used mass spectrometry to qualitatively identify NOS2 co-immunoprecipitating proteins. Stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) was used to quantify the coordinate effects of cytokine stimulation on NOS2-protein interactions. Multi-protein networks dominated the NOS2 interactome, and cytokine-inducible interactions with allosteric activators and with the ubiquitin-proteasome system were correlated with cytokine-dependent increases in NO metabolites and in NOS2 ubiquitination. The ubiquitin ligase scaffolding protein, FBXO45, was identified as a novel, direct NOS2 interactor. Similar to the SPRY domain-containing SOCS box (SPSB) proteins, FBXO45 requires Asn27 in the (23)DINNN(27) motif of NOS2 for its interaction. However, FBXO45 is unique from the SPSBs in that it recruits a distinct E3 ligase complex containing MYCBP2 and SKP1. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the general utility of interaction proteomics for defining new aspects of NOS2 physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Foster
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Messina EL, Nienaber J, Daneshmand M, Villamizar N, Samulski J, Milano C, Bowles DE. Adeno-associated viral vectors based on serotype 3b use components of the fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling complex for efficient transduction. Hum Gene Ther 2012; 23:1031-42. [PMID: 22680698 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus type 3b (AAV3b) has been largely ignored by gene therapists because of the inability of vectors based on this serotype to transduce target tissues efficiently. Here we describe a phenomenon unique to AAV3b in that vectors based on this serotype mediate enhanced transduction in the presence of heparin. Among the many biological functions attributed to heparin, its interaction with, and ability to regulate, several growth factors (GFs) and growth factor receptors (GFRs) has been well characterized. Using GFR-overexpressing cell lines, soluble GFs and heparins, as well as specific GFR inhibitors, we have demonstrated a requirement for fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2) and FGF1 in the heparin-mediated augmentation of AAV3b vector transduction. In contrast to AAV2, we establish that heparin can be used as an adjunct with AAV3b to further increase transduction in a variety of cells and target tissues, additionally suggesting that AAV3b may be an attractive viral vector for clinical use during procedures in which heparin is used. In summary, AAV3b exhibits FGFR2-dependent, markedly enhanced transduction efficiency in the presence of heparin and FGFs, which could make it a useful vector for gene therapy in a variety of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Messina
- Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li C, Diprimio N, Bowles DE, Hirsch ML, Monahan PE, Asokan A, Rabinowitz J, Agbandje-McKenna M, Samulski RJ. Single amino acid modification of adeno-associated virus capsid changes transduction and humoral immune profiles. J Virol 2012; 86:7752-9. [PMID: 22593151 PMCID: PMC3421647 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00675-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have the potential to promote long-term gene expression. Unfortunately, humoral immunity restricts patient treatment and in addition provides an obstacle to the potential option of vector readministration. In this study, we describe a comprehensive characterization of the neutralizing antibody (NAb) response to AAV type 1 (AAV1) through AAV5 both in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrated that NAbs generated from one AAV type are unable to neutralize the transduction of other types. We extended this observation by demonstrating that a rationally engineered, muscle-tropic AAV2 mutant containing 5 amino acid substitutions from AAV1 displayed a NAb profile different from those of parental AAV2 and AAV1. Here we found that a single insertion of Thr from AAV1 into AAV2 capsid at residue 265 preserved high muscle transduction, while also changing the immune profile. To better understand the role of Thr insertion at position 265, we replaced all 20 amino acids and evaluated both muscle transduction and the NAb response. Of these variants, 8 mutants induced higher muscle transduction than AAV2. Additionally, three classes of capsid NAb immune profile were defined based on the ability to inhibit transduction from AAV2 or mutants. While no relationship was found between transduction, amino acid properties, and NAb titer or its cross-reactivity, these studies map a critical capsid motif involved in all steps of AAV infectivity. Our results suggest that AAV types can be utilized not only as templates to generate mutants with enhanced transduction efficiency but also as substrates for repeat administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Gene Therapy Center
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Aravind Asokan
- Gene Therapy Center
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph Rabinowitz
- Gene Therapy Center
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Piacentino III V, Milano CA, Bolanos M, Schroder J, Messina E, Cockrell AS, Jones E, Krol A, Bursac N, Mao L, Devi GR, Samulski RJ, Bowles DE. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein-mediated attenuation of apoptosis, using a novel cardiac-enhanced adeno-associated viral vector. Hum Gene Ther 2012; 23:635-46. [PMID: 22339372 PMCID: PMC3392616 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful amelioration of cardiac dysfunction and heart failure through gene therapy approaches will require a transgene effective at attenuating myocardial injury, and subsequent remodeling, using an efficient and safe delivery vehicle. Our laboratory has established a well-curated, high-quality repository of human myocardial tissues that we use as a discovery engine to identify putative therapeutic transgene targets, as well as to better understand the molecular basis of human heart failure. By using this rare resource we were able to examine age- and sex-matched left ventricular samples from (1) end-stage failing human hearts and (2) nonfailing human hearts and were able to identify the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) as a novel target for treating cardiac dysfunction. We demonstrate that XIAP is diminished in failing human hearts, indicating that this potent inhibitor of apoptosis may be central in protecting the human heart from cellular injury culminating in heart failure. Efforts to ameliorate heart failure through delivery of XIAP compelled the design of a novel adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector, termed SASTG, that achieves highly efficient transduction in mouse heart and in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Increased XIAP expression achieved with the SASTG vector inhibits caspase-3/7 activity in neonatal cardiomyocytes after induction of apoptosis through three common cardiac stresses: protein kinase C-γ inhibition, hypoxia, or β-adrenergic receptor agonist. These studies demonstrate the potential benefit of XIAP to correct heart failure after highly efficient delivery to the heart with the rationally designed SASTG AAV vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Piacentino III
- Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Carmelo A. Milano
- Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Michael Bolanos
- Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Jacob Schroder
- Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Emily Messina
- Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Adam S. Cockrell
- Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Edward Jones
- Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Ava Krol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Lan Mao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Gayathri R. Devi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - R. Jude Samulski
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bowles DE, McPhee SWJ, Li C, Gray SJ, Samulski JJ, Camp AS, Li J, Wang B, Monahan PE, Rabinowitz JE, Grieger JC, Govindasamy L, Agbandje-McKenna M, Xiao X, Samulski RJ. Phase 1 gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a translational optimized AAV vector. Mol Ther 2012; 20:443-55. [PMID: 22068425 PMCID: PMC3277234 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and widespread gene transfer is required for successful treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Here, we performed the first clinical trial using a chimeric adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid variant (designated AAV2.5) derived from a rational design strategy. AAV2.5 was generated from the AAV2 capsid with five mutations from AAV1. The novel chimeric vector combines the improved muscle transduction capacity of AAV1 with reduced antigenic crossreactivity against both parental serotypes, while keeping the AAV2 receptor binding. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase I clinical study in DMD boys, AAV2.5 vector was injected into the bicep muscle in one arm, with saline control in the contralateral arm. A subset of patients received AAV empty capsid instead of saline in an effort to distinguish an immune response to vector versus minidystrophin transgene. Recombinant AAV genomes were detected in all patients with up to 2.56 vector copies per diploid genome. There was no cellular immune response to AAV2.5 capsid. This trial established that rationally designed AAV2.5 vector was safe and well tolerated, lays the foundation of customizing AAV vectors that best suit the clinical objective (e.g., limb infusion gene delivery) and should usher in the next generation of viral delivery systems for human gene transfer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/chemistry
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Cell Line
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Dependovirus/genetics
- Dependovirus/physiology
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Dystrophin/metabolism
- Genetic Therapy
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Genetic Vectors/immunology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/immunology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/therapy
- Protein Conformation
- Sequence Alignment
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transduction, Genetic
- Viral Tropism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn E Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Darrabie MD, Arciniegas AJL, Mishra R, Bowles DE, Jacobs DO, Santacruz L. AMPK and substrate availability regulate creatine transport in cultured cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300:E870-6. [PMID: 21364119 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00554.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Profound alterations in myocellular creatine and phosphocreatine levels are observed during human heart failure. To maintain its intracellular creatine stores, cardiomyocytes depend upon a cell membrane creatine transporter whose regulation is not clearly understood. Creatine transport capacity in the intact heart is modulated by substrate availability, and it is reduced in the failing myocardium, likely adding to the energy imbalance that characterizes heart failure. AMPK, a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, acts by switching off energy-consuming pathways in favor of processes that generate energy. Our objective was to determine the effects of substrate availability and AMPK activation on creatine transport in cardiomyocytes. We studied creatine transport in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes and HL-1 cardiac cells expressing the human creatine transporter cultured in the presence of varying creatine concentrations and the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribonucleoside (AICAR). Transport was enhanced in cardiomyocytes following incubation in creatine-depleted medium or AICAR. The changes in transport were due to alterations in V(max) that correlated with changes in total and cell surface creatine transporter protein content. Our results suggest a positive role for AMPK in creatine transport modulation for cardiomyocytes in culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus D Darrabie
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Villamizar NR, Crow JH, Piacentino V, DiBernardo LR, Daneshmand MA, Bowles DE, Groh MA, Milano CA. Reproducibility of left atrial ablation with high-intensity focused ultrasound energy in a calf model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 140:1381-7.e1. [PMID: 20934725 PMCID: PMC4165600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Achieving transmural tissue ablation might be necessary for successful treatment of atrial fibrillation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of transmural left atrial ablation using a high-intensity focused ultrasound energy system in a calf model. METHODS Nine heparinized bovines underwent a beating-heart left atrial ablation with a single application of the high-intensity focused ultrasound device. All animals were acutely killed, and the left atrium was fixed in formalin. Protocolized histological sections (5 μm) were obtained throughout each lesion and prepared with Masson trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Measurements were performed on a total of 359 slides from the 9 lesions. In addition, fresh left atrial tissues from 18 unused human donor hearts that did not meet the criteria for cardiac transplantation were measured at the site where the high-intensity focused ultrasound device is normally applied. RESULTS Calf left atrial thickness ranged between 2.5 and 20.1 mm, with a mean of 9.10 mm. High-intensity focused ultrasound ablation consistently produced a 100% transmural lesion in left atrial thickness up to 6 mm. In addition, a transmural lesion was observed in 91% of tissues that were up to 10 mm thick and in 85% that were up to 15 mm thick. Human left atrial thickness ranged between 1.2 to 6 mm, with a mean of 3.7 mm. CONCLUSIONS Calf left atrial thickness in this study was greater than human left atrial thickness. Human left atrial thickness is generally less than 6 mm, and in this range high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation achieved 100% transmurality. These histological results might correlate with a high success rate of atrial fibrillation ablation by using the high-intensity focused ultrasound system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nestor R Villamizar
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27713, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Guo H, Mi Z, Bowles DE, Bhattacharya SD, Kuo PC. Osteopontin and protein kinase C regulate PDLIM2 activation and STAT1 ubiquitination in LPS-treated murine macrophages. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:37787-96. [PMID: 20889505 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.161869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathways regulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) levels in states of inflammation are incompletely understood. The suppressor of cytokine signaling, protein inhibitor of STAT, and SHP-1/2 tyrosine phosphatases ultimately regulate activity of STAT molecules. However, these mechanisms do not degrade STAT proteins. In this regard, using a murine macrophage model of LPS stimulation, we previously demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) increased STAT1 ubiquitination and 26 S proteasome degradation via the ubiquitin E3 ligase, PDLIM2. In this study, we further characterize OPN-dependent activation of PDLIM2 in a model of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. We identify serine 137 as a protein kinase C-phosphorylation site in PDLIM2 that is required for ubiquitination of STAT1. PDLIM2 phosphorylation requires OPN expression. Using phospho-mutants and phospho-mimetic constructs of PDLIM2, our in vivo and in vitro ubiquitination studies confirm the role of PDLIM2 in formation and degradation of Ub-STAT1. The functional consequences of PDLIM2-mediated STAT1 degradation were confirmed using an IFN-γ-regulated transcription factor STAT1α reporter construct and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay for the inducible nitric-oxide synthase promoter. In a murine cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis in wild-type and OPN (-/-) animals, OPN was necessary for PDLIM2 serine phosphorylation and STAT1 ubiquitination in bone marrow macrophages. We conclude that OPN and PDLIM2 are important regulators of STAT1-mediated inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Guo
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen E, Everett ML, Holzknecht ZE, Holzknecht RA, Lin SS, Bowles DE, Parker W. Short-lived alpha-helical intermediates in the folding of beta-sheet proteins. Biochemistry 2010; 49:5609-19. [PMID: 20515035 DOI: 10.1021/bi100288q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence point strongly toward the importance of highly alpha-helical intermediates in the folding of all globular proteins, regardless of their native structure. However, experimental refolding studies demonstrate no observable alpha-helical intermediate during refolding of some beta-sheet proteins and have dampened enthusiasm for this model of protein folding. In this study, beta-sheet proteins were hypothesized to have potential to form amphiphilic helices at a period of <3.6 residues/turn that matches or exceeds the potential at 3.6 residues/turn. Hypothetically, such potential is the basis for an effective and unidirectional mechanism by which highly alpha-helical intermediates might be rapidly disassembled during folding and potentially accounts for the difficulty in detecting highly alpha-helical intermediates during the folding of some proteins. The presence of this potential was confirmed, indicating that a model entailing ubiquitous formation of alpha-helical intermediates during the folding of globular proteins predicts previously unrecognized features of primary structure. Further, the folding of fatty acid binding protein, a predominantly beta-sheet protein that exhibits no apparent highly alpha-helical intermediate during folding, was dramatically accelerated by 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, a solvent that stabilizes alpha-helical structure. This observation suggests that formation of an alpha-helix can be a rate-limiting step during folding of a predominantly beta-sheet protein and further supports the role of highly alpha-helical intermediates in the folding of all globular proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eefei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|