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Fontaine S, Abbadie L, Aubert M, Barot S, Bloor JMG, Derrien D, Duchene O, Gross N, Henneron L, Le Roux X, Loeuille N, Michel J, Recous S, Wipf D, Alvarez G. Plant-soil synchrony in nutrient cycles: Learning from ecosystems to design sustainable agrosystems. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17034. [PMID: 38273527 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Redesigning agrosystems to include more ecological regulations can help feed a growing human population, preserve soils for future productivity, limit dependency on synthetic fertilizers, and reduce agriculture contribution to global changes such as eutrophication and warming. However, guidelines for redesigning cropping systems from natural systems to make them more sustainable remain limited. Synthetizing the knowledge on biogeochemical cycles in natural ecosystems, we outline four ecological systems that synchronize the supply of soluble nutrients by soil biota with the fluctuating nutrient demand of plants. This synchrony limits deficiencies and excesses of soluble nutrients, which usually penalize both production and regulating services of agrosystems such as nutrient retention and soil carbon storage. In the ecological systems outlined, synchrony emerges from plant-soil and plant-plant interactions, eco-physiological processes, soil physicochemical processes, and the dynamics of various nutrient reservoirs, including soil organic matter, soil minerals, atmosphere, and a common market. We discuss the relative importance of these ecological systems in regulating nutrient cycles depending on the pedoclimatic context and on the functional diversity of plants and microbes. We offer ideas about how these systems could be stimulated within agrosystems to improve their sustainability. A review of the latest advances in agronomy shows that some of the practices suggested to promote synchrony (e.g., reduced tillage, rotation with perennial plant cover, crop diversification) have already been tested and shown to be effective in reducing nutrient losses, fertilizer use, and N2 O emissions and/or improving biomass production and soil carbon storage. Our framework also highlights new management strategies and defines the conditions for the success of these nature-based practices allowing for site-specific modifications. This new synthetized knowledge should help practitioners to improve the long-term productivity of agrosystems while reducing the negative impact of agriculture on the environment and the climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Fontaine
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Luc Abbadie
- UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Michaël Aubert
- UNIROUEN, INRAE, ECODIV-Rouen, Normandie Univ, Rouen, France
| | - Sébastien Barot
- UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Juliette M G Bloor
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Olivier Duchene
- ISARA, Research Unit Agroecology and Environment, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Gross
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Xavier Le Roux
- INRAE UMR 1418, CNRS UMR 5557, VetAgroSup, Microbial Ecology Centre LEM, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Loeuille
- UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Michel
- Plant Sciences, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Recous
- INRAE, FARE, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Gaël Alvarez
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Derrien D, Barré P, Basile-Doelsch I, Cécillon L, Chabbi A, Crème A, Fontaine S, Henneron L, Janot N, Lashermes G, Quénéa K, Rees F, Dignac MF. Current controversies on mechanisms controlling soil carbon storage: implications for interactions with practitioners and policy-makers. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 2023; 43:21. [PMID: 36777236 PMCID: PMC9901420 DOI: 10.1007/s13593-023-00876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is currently an intense debate about the potential for additional organic carbon storage in soil, the strategies by which it may be accomplished and what the actual benefits might be for agriculture and the climate. Controversy forms an essential part of the scientific process, but on the topic of soil carbon storage, it may confuse the agricultural community and the general public and may delay actions to fight climate change. In an attempt to shed light on this topic, the originality of this article lies in its intention to provide a balanced description of contradictory scientific opinions on soil carbon storage and to examine how the scientific community can support decision-making despite the controversy. In the first part, we review and attempt to reconcile conflicting views on the mechanisms controlling organic carbon dynamics in soil. We discuss the divergent opinions about chemical recalcitrance, the microbial or plant origin of persistent soil organic matter, the contribution of particulate organic matter to additional organic carbon storage in soil, and the spatial and energetic inaccessibility of soil organic matter to decomposers. In the second part, we examine the advantages and limitations of big data management and modeling, which are essential tools to link the latest scientific theories with the actions taken by stakeholders. Finally, we show how the analysis and discussion of controversies can guide scientists in supporting stakeholders for the design of (i) appropriate trade-offs for biomass use in agriculture and forestry and (ii) climate-smart management practices, keeping in mind their still unresolved effects on soil carbon storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Barré
- Laboratoire de Géologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, IPSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Lauric Cécillon
- Laboratoire de Géologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, IPSL, Paris, France
| | - Abad Chabbi
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Alexandra Crème
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ludovic Henneron
- USC ECODIV-Rouen 7603, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INRAE, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Noémie Janot
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Lashermes
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Katell Quénéa
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rees
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Marie-France Dignac
- INRAE, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR iEES-Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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Valette N, Legout A, Goodell B, Alfredsen G, Auer L, Gelhaye E, Derrien D. Impact of Norway spruce pre-degradation stages induced by Gloeophyllum trabeum on fungal and bacterial communities. FUNGAL ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bernard L, Basile‐Doelsch I, Derrien D, Fanin N, Fontaine S, Guenet B, Karimi B, Marsden C, Maron P. Advancing the mechanistic understanding of the priming effect on soil organic matter mineralisation. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Bernard
- IRD UMR Eco&Sols INRAE, CIRAD Institut Agro Univ Montpellier 2 place Viala Bt12 34060 Montpellier France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Fanin
- INRAE UMR 1391 ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 Villenave‐d’Ornon Cedex F33882 France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- INRAE Université Clermont Auvergne VetAgro Sup UMR Ecosystème Prairial 63000 Clermont Ferrand France
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire de Géologie Ecole Normale Supérieure/CNRS UMR8538 IPSL PSL Research University Paris France
| | | | - Claire Marsden
- Institut Agro UMR Eco&Sols, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD Univ Montpellier 2 place Viala Bt12 34060
| | - Pierre‐Alain Maron
- INRAE UMR AgroEcologie AgroSup Dijon, BP 87999, CEDEX 21079 Dijon France
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Sainte-Marie J, Barrandon M, Saint-André L, Gelhaye E, Martin F, Derrien D. C-STABILITY an innovative modeling framework to leverage the continuous representation of organic matter. Nat Commun 2021; 12:810. [PMID: 33547289 PMCID: PMC7864906 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics has considerably advanced in recent years. It was previously assumed that most SOM consisted of recalcitrant compounds, whereas the emerging view considers SOM as a range of polymers continuously processed into smaller molecules by decomposer enzymes. Mainstreaming this new paradigm in current models is challenging because of their ill-adapted framework. We propose the C-STABILITY model to resolve this issue. Its innovative framework combines compartmental and continuous modeling approaches to accurately reproduce SOM cycling processes. C-STABILITY emphasizes the influence of substrate accessibility on SOM turnover and makes enzymatic and microbial biotransformations of substrate explicit. Theoretical simulations provide new insights on how depolymerization and decomposers ecology impact organic matter chemistry and amount during decomposition and at steady state. The flexible mathematical structure of C-STABILITY offers a promising foundation for exploring new mechanistic hypotheses and supporting the design of future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Sainte-Marie
- grid.503480.aUniversité de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, SILVA, F-54000 Nancy, France ,INRAE, BEF, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Matthieu Barrandon
- grid.29172.3f0000 0001 2194 6418Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IECL, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Eric Gelhaye
- grid.503276.50000 0004 1763 486XUniversité de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Francis Martin
- grid.503276.50000 0004 1763 486XUniversité de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000 Nancy, France ,grid.66741.320000 0001 1456 856XBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Moerdijk-Poortvliet TCW, Schierbeek H, Houtekamer M, van Engeland T, Derrien D, Stal LJ, Boschker HTS. Comparison of gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry for carbon stable-isotope analysis of carbohydrates. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2015; 29:1205-1214. [PMID: 26395604 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE We compared gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS) and liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LC/IRMS) for the measurement of δ(13)C values in carbohydrates. Contrary to GC/IRMS, no derivatisation is needed for LC/IRMS analysis of carbohydrates. Hence, although LC/IRMS is expected to be more accurate and precise, no direct comparison has been reported. METHODS GC/IRMS with the aldonitrile penta-acetate (ANPA) derivatisation method was compared with LC/IRMS without derivatisation. A large number of glucose standards and a variety of natural samples were analysed for five neutral carbohydrates at natural abundance as well as at (13)C-enriched levels. Gas chromatography/chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (GC/CIMS) was applied to check for incomplete derivatisation of the carbohydrate, which would impair the accuracy of the GC/IRMS method. RESULTS The LC/IRMS technique provided excellent precision (±0.08‰ and ±3.1‰ at natural abundance and enrichment levels, respectively) for the glucose standards and this technique proved to be superior to GC/IRMS (±0.62‰ and ±19.8‰ at natural abundance and enrichment levels, respectively). For GC/IRMS measurements the derivatisation correction and the conversion of carbohydrates into CO2 had a considerable effect on the measured δ(13)C values. However, we did not find any significant differences in the accuracy of the two techniques over the full range of natural δ(13)C abundances and (13)C-labelled glucose. The difference in the performance of GC/IRMS and LC/IRMS diminished when the δ(13)C values were measured in natural samples, because the chromatographic performance and background correction became critical factors, particularly for LC/IRMS. The derivatisation of carbohydrates for the GC/IRMS method was complete. CONCLUSIONS Although both LC/IRMS and GC/IRMS are reliable techniques for compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis of carbohydrates (provided that derivatisation is complete and the calibration requirements are met), LC/IRMS is the technique of choice. The reasons for this are the improved precision, simpler sample preparation, and straightforward isotopic calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henk Schierbeek
- Department of Pediatrics, AMC - Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, VU, University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Houtekamer
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Korringaweg 7, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Engeland
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Korringaweg 7, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Delphine Derrien
- Inra, Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers, UR1138, Champenoux, F-54280, France
| | - Lucas J Stal
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Korringaweg 7, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, IBED, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus T S Boschker
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Korringaweg 7, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands
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Pernot A, Ouvrard S, Leglize P, Watteau F, Derrien D, Lorgeoux C, Mansuy-Huault L, Faure P. Impact of fresh organic matter incorporation on PAH fate in a contaminated industrial soil. Sci Total Environ 2014; 497-498:345-352. [PMID: 25137382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of fresh organic matter (OM) incorporation in an industrial PAH-contaminated soil on its structure and contaminant concentrations (available and total) were monitored. A control soil and a soil amended with the equivalent of 10 years maize residue input were incubated in laboratory-controlled conditions over 15 months. The structure of the amended soil showed an aggregation process trend which is attributable to (i) the enhanced microbial activity resulting from fresh OM input itself and (ii) the fresh OM and its degradation products. Initially the added organic matter was evenly distributed among all granulodensimetric fractions, and then rapidly degraded in the sand fraction, while stabilizing and accumulating in the silts. PAH degradation remained slight, despite the enhanced microbial biomass activity, which was similar to kinetics of the turnover rate of OM in an uncontaminated soil. The silts stabilized the anthropogenic OM and associated PAH. The addition of fresh OM tended to contribute to this stabilization process. Thus, in a context of plant growth on this soil two opposing processes might occur: rhizodegradation of the available contaminant and enhanced stabilization of the less available fraction due to carbon input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Pernot
- Université de Lorraine, LSE, UMR 1120, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54518, France; INRA, LSE, UMR 1120, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54518, France; Université de Lorraine, LIEC, UMR 7360, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France; CNRS, LIEC, UMR 7360, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France
| | - Stéphanie Ouvrard
- Université de Lorraine, LSE, UMR 1120, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54518, France; INRA, LSE, UMR 1120, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54518, France.
| | - Pierre Leglize
- Université de Lorraine, LSE, UMR 1120, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54518, France; INRA, LSE, UMR 1120, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54518, France
| | - Françoise Watteau
- Université de Lorraine, LSE, UMR 1120, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54518, France; INRA, LSE, UMR 1120, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54518, France; CNRS, UMS 3562, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54501, France
| | - Delphine Derrien
- INRA, BEF, UR 1138, Centre Nancy-Lorraine, Champenoux, F-54280, France
| | - Catherine Lorgeoux
- CNRS, UMS 3562, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54501, France; Université de Lorraine, Géoressources, UMR 7359, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France; CNRS, Géoressources, UMR 7359, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France
| | - Laurence Mansuy-Huault
- Université de Lorraine, LIEC, UMR 7360, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France; CNRS, LIEC, UMR 7360, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France
| | - Pierre Faure
- Université de Lorraine, LIEC, UMR 7360, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France; CNRS, LIEC, UMR 7360, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France
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Hatton PJ, Remusat L, Zeller B, Derrien D. A multi-scale approach to determine accurate elemental and isotopic ratios by nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2012; 26:1363-1371. [PMID: 22555930 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) is still hampered by a lack of appropriate calibration method for the quantification of elemental and isotopic ratios in heterogeneous materials such as soil samples. The potential of (13)C-(15)N-labeled density fractions of soil to calibrate the C/N, (13)C/(12)C and (15)N/(14)N ratios provided by NanoSIMS was evaluated. METHODS The spatial organization of soil particles found at the macro- and micro-scales were compared. The C/N, (13)C/(12)C and (15)N/(14)N ratios measured at the macroscopic scale from different density fractions using an elemental analyzer coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA/IRMS) were compared with the corresponding micro-scale NanoSIMS measurements. When the macro- and micro-scales patterns were similar, macroscopic scale measurements obtained by EA/IRMS and the corresponding NanoSIMS C/N and (15)N/(14)N ratios averaged per fraction were used to obtain correction equations. The correction method using the internal calibration procedure was compared with the traditional one using a single organic standard. RESULTS It was demonstrated that the correction method using an internal calibration procedure was applicable for NanoSIMS images acquired on more than 500 µm(2) per fraction and provided more accurate C/N and (15)N/(14)N ratios than the traditional correction method. CONCLUSIONS As long as the NanoSIMS sampling was representative of the macroscopic properties, the correction method using an internal calibration procedure allowed better quantification of the isotope tracers and characterization of the C/N ratios. This method not only produced qualitative images, but also accurate quantitative parameters from which ecological interpretations can be derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Joseph Hatton
- INRA, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers, UR 1138, INRA Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France.
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Epron D, Bahn M, Derrien D, Lattanzi FA, Pumpanen J, Gessler A, Högberg P, Maillard P, Dannoura M, Gérant D, Buchmann N. Pulse-labelling trees to study carbon allocation dynamics: a review of methods, current knowledge and future prospects. Tree Physiol 2012; 32:776-98. [PMID: 22700544 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tps057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pulse-labelling of trees with stable or radioactive carbon (C) isotopes offers the unique opportunity to trace the fate of labelled CO(2) into the tree and its release to the soil and the atmosphere. Thus, pulse-labelling enables the quantification of C partitioning in forests and the assessment of the role of partitioning in tree growth, resource acquisition and C sequestration. However, this is associated with challenges as regards the choice of a tracer, the methods of tracing labelled C in tree and soil compartments and the quantitative analysis of C dynamics. Based on data from 47 studies, the rate of transfer differs between broadleaved and coniferous species and decreases as temperature and soil water content decrease. Labelled C is rapidly transferred belowground-within a few days or less-and this transfer is slowed down by drought. Half-lives of labelled C in phloem sap (transfer pool) and in mature leaves (source organs) are short, while those of sink organs (growing tissues, seasonal storage) are longer. (13)C measurements in respiratory efflux at high temporal resolution provide the best estimate of the mean residence times of C in respiratory substrate pools, and the best basis for compartmental modelling. Seasonal C dynamics and allocation patterns indicate that sink strength variations are important drivers for C fluxes. We propose a conceptual model for temperate and boreal trees, which considers the use of recently assimilated C versus stored C. We recommend best practices for designing and analysing pulse-labelling experiments, and identify several topics which we consider of prime importance for future research on C allocation in trees: (i) whole-tree C source-sink relations, (ii) C allocation to secondary metabolism, (iii) responses to environmental change, (iv) effects of seasonality versus phenology in and across biomes, and (v) carbon-nitrogen interactions. Substantial progress is expected from emerging technologies, but the largest challenge remains to carry out in situ whole-tree labelling experiments on mature trees to improve our understanding of the environmental and physiological controls on C allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Epron
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1137, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Faculté des Sciences, F-54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
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Remusat L, Hatton PJ, Nico PS, Zeller B, Kleber M, Derrien D. NanoSIMS study of organic matter associated with soil aggregates: advantages, limitations, and combination with STXM. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:3943-3949. [PMID: 22360342 DOI: 10.1021/es203745k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Direct observations of processes occurring at the mineral-organic interface are increasingly seen as relevant for the cycling of both natural soil organic matter and organic contaminants in soils and sediments. Advanced analytical tools with the capability to visualize and characterize organic matter at the submicrometer scale, such as Nano Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (NanoSIMS) and Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM) coupled to Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (NEXAFS), may be combined to locate and characterize mineral-associated organic matter. Taking advantage of samples collected from a decadal (15)N litter labeling experiment in a temperate forest, we demonstrate the potential of NanoSIMS to image intact soil particles and to detect spots of isotopic enrichment even at low levels of (15)N application. We show how microsites of isotopic enrichment detected by NanoSIMS can be speciated by STXM-NEXAFS performed on the same particle. Finally, by showing how (15)N enrichment at one microsite could be linked to the presence of microbial metabolites, we emphasize the potential of this combined imaging and spectroscopic approach to link microenvironment with geochemical process and/or location with ecological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Remusat
- Laboratoire de Minéralogie et Cosmochimie du Muséum, UMR 7202 CNRS/MNHN, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Lucci P, Derrien D, Alix F, Pérollier C, Bayoudh S. Molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction for detection of zearalenone in cereal sample extracts. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 672:15-9. [PMID: 20579483 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a method for the clean-up and preconcentration of zearalenone from corn and wheat samples employing molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as selective sorbent for solid-phase extraction (SPE). Cereal samples were extracted with acetonitrile/water (75:25, v/v) and the extract was diluted with water and applied to an AFFINIMIP ZON MIP-SPE column. The column was then washed to eliminate the interferences and zearalenone was eluted with methanol and quantified using HPLC with fluorescence detection (lambda(exc)=275/lambda(em)=450 nm). The precision and accuracy of the method were satisfactory for both cereals at the different fortification levels tested and it gave recoveries between 82 and 87% (RSDr 2.5-6.2%, n=3) and 86 and 90% (RSDr 0.9-6.8%, n=3) for wheat and maize, respectively. MIP-SPE column capacity was determined to be not less than 6.6 microg of zearalenone and to be at least four times higher than that of immunoaffinity column (IAC). The application of AFFINIMIP ZON molecularly imprinted polymer as a selective sorbent material for detection of zearalenone fulfilled the method performance criteria required by the Commission Regulation (EC) No. 401/2006, demonstrating the suitability of the technique for the control of zearalenone in cereal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lucci
- POLYINTELL, Pharma Parc II, voie de l'innovation, chaussée du vexin, 27100 Val de Reuil, France
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Derrien D, Balesdent J, Marol C, Santaella C. Measurement of the 13C/12C ratio of soil-plant individual sugars by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope-ratio mass spectrometry of silylated derivatives. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2003; 17:2626-2631. [PMID: 14648900 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate is an important pool in the terrestrial carbon cycle. The potential offered by natural and artificial 13C-labelling techniques should therefore be applied to the investigation of the dynamics of individual sugars in soils. For this reason, we evaluated the method of 13C sugar analysis by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) after hydrolysis and direct trimethylsilylation. Trimethylsilylation involved the addition of several carbon atoms per sugar. These atoms have to be taken into account in the estimation of the carbon isotope ratio. The analysis of standard and natural pentoses and hexoses of known 13C enrichments revealed that the number of analysed added carbon atoms was less than expected from stoichiometry. This was attributed to incomplete derivatization and/or incomplete oxidation of methylsilyl carbon before IRMS. Using a calibration of the number of analysed added carbon atoms, the isotope excess of enriched samples could be determined with a relative error close to 5%. Concerning the determination of natural abundances by GC/C/IRMS, we could measure the delta 13C of standard C3- and C4-derived sugars with an accuracy of +/-1.5 per thousand using the previous calibration. We were able to apply this technique to plant-soil systems labelled by pulse-chase of 13CO2, revealing the nature and dynamics of sugars in the plant rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Derrien
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne de la Rhizosphère (LEMIR), UMR 163 CNRS/CEA, CEA/DSV/DEVM, Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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Derrien D, Midoux P, Petit C, Nègre E, Mayer R, Monsigny M, Roche AC. Muramyl dipeptide bound to poly-L-lysine substituted with mannose and gluconoyl residues as macrophage activators. Glycoconj J 1989; 6:241-55. [PMID: 2535487 DOI: 10.1007/bf01050652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Poly-L-lysine modified with mannose derivatives, the residual cationic charges of which being neutralized by N-acylation, were synthesized and used as carriers of a macrophage activator (N-acetylmuramyl dipeptide, MDP). The influence of the acylating agent on the targeting efficiency was investigated: a hydrosolubilizing group such as a gluconoyl moiety led to very efficient carrier conjugates, while an acetyl group did not. The effect of sugar and acyl content of the polymers was assessed using these compounds as inhibitors of red blood cell agglutination by Concanavalin A. The binding and specific endocytosis of poly-L-lysine substituted with several mannose derivatives and gluconoyl residues (GlcAx-, Man(y)-PLK) have been determined by a quantitative flow cytometry analysis. MDP bound to these conjugates was much more efficient in vitro than free MDP in macrophage cytostasis assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Derrien
- Département de Biochimie des Glycoconjugués et Lectines Endogènes, CNRS, INSERM, Orléans, France
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