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Vignando M, Ffytche D, Lewis SJG, Lee PH, Chung SJ, Weil RS, Hu MT, Mackay CE, Griffanti L, Pins D, Dujardin K, Jardri R, Taylor JP, Firbank M, McAlonan G, Mak HKF, Ho SL, Mehta MA. Author Correction: Mapping brain structural differences and neuroreceptor correlates in Parkinson's disease visual hallucinations. Nat Commun 2022; 13:971. [PMID: 35169136 PMCID: PMC8847348 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Vignando
- Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Dominic Ffytche
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- ForeFront Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Rimona S Weil
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, 8-11 Queen Square, London, WC1M 3BG, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michele T Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare E Mackay
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ludovica Griffanti
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Delphine Pins
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - Centre Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Kathy Dujardin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - Centre Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Renaud Jardri
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - Centre Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000, Lille, France
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Newcastle University, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Michael Firbank
- Newcastle University, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Henry K F Mak
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shu Leong Ho
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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Vignando M, Ffytche D, Lewis SJG, Lee PH, Chung SJ, Weil RS, Hu MT, Mackay CE, Griffanti L, Pins D, Dujardin K, Jardri R, Taylor JP, Firbank M, McAlonan G, Mak HKF, Ho SL, Mehta MA. Mapping brain structural differences and neuroreceptor correlates in Parkinson's disease visual hallucinations. Nat Commun 2022; 13:519. [PMID: 35082285 PMCID: PMC8791961 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's psychosis (PDP) describes a spectrum of symptoms that may arise in Parkinson's disease (PD) including visual hallucinations (VH). Imaging studies investigating the neural correlates of PDP have been inconsistent in their findings, due to differences in study design and limitations of scale. Here we use empirical Bayes harmonisation to pool together structural imaging data from multiple research groups into a large-scale mega-analysis, allowing us to identify cortical regions and networks involved in VH and their relation to receptor binding. Differences of morphometrics analysed show a wider cortical involvement underlying VH than previously recognised, including primary visual cortex and surrounding regions, and the hippocampus, independent of its role in cognitive decline. Structural covariance analyses point to the involvement of the attentional control networks in PD-VH, while associations with receptor density maps suggest neurotransmitter loss may be linked to the cortical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Vignando
- Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Dominic Ffytche
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- ForeFront Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Rimona S Weil
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, 8-11 Queen Square, London, WC1M 3BG, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michele T Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare E Mackay
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ludovica Griffanti
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Delphine Pins
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - Centre Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Kathy Dujardin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - Centre Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Renaud Jardri
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - Centre Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000, Lille, France
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Newcastle University, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Michael Firbank
- Newcastle University, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Henry K F Mak
- Division of Neurology, Dept of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shu Leong Ho
- Division of Neurology, Dept of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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Lefebvre S, Very E, Jardri R, Horn M, Yrondi A, Delmaire C, Rascle C, Dujardin K, Thomas P, Pins D. The neural correlates of the visual consciousness in schizophrenia: an fMRI study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:661-675. [PMID: 32813032 PMCID: PMC8119280 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the current literature, two distinct and opposite models are suggested to explain the consciousness disorders in schizophrenia. The first one suggests that consciousness disorders rely on a low-level processing deficit, when the second model suggests that consciousness disorders rely on disruption in the ability to consciously access information, with preserved unconscious processing. The current study aims to understand the mechanisms associated with visual consciousness disorder in order to pave the road that will settle the debate regarding these hypotheses. During a functional magnetic resonance imaging session, 19 healthy participants (HC) and 15 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) performed a visual detection task to compare the neural substrates associated with the conscious access to the visual inputs. The visual detection threshold was significantly higher in SCZ than in HC [t(32) = 3.37, p = 0.002]. Whole-brain ANOVA demonstrated that around the visual detection threshold patients with SCZ failed to activate a large network of brain areas compared to HC. (1) During conscious vision, HC engaged more the left cuneus and the right occipital cortex than patients with SCZ, (2) during unconscious vision, HC engaged a large network that patients with SCZ failed to activate, and finally, (3) during the access to consciousness process, patients with SCZ failed to activate the anterior cingulate cortex. These results suggest that the consciousness disorders in schizophrenia rely on specific dysfunctions depending on the consciousness stage. The disorders of the conscious vision are associated with dysfunction of occipital areas while the ones associated with unconscious vision rely on a large widespread network. Finally, the conscious access to the visual inputs is impaired by a dysfunction of the anterior cingulate cortex. The current study suggests that none of the two suggested models can explain consciousness disorders in schizophrenia. We suggest that there is an alternative model supporting that the conscious access to visual inputs is due to a disengagement of the supragenual anterior cingulate during the unconscious processing of the visual inputs associated with a sensory deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Lefebvre
- University of Lille, Inserm U1172, Centre Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France ,Plateforme CURE, CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan, 59000 Lille, France ,Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E. Very
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1214, CHU PURPAN – Pavillon BAUDOT, Place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - R. Jardri
- University of Lille, Inserm U1172, Centre Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France ,Plateforme CURE, CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan, 59000 Lille, France
| | - M. Horn
- University of Lille, Inserm U1172, Centre Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France ,Plateforme CURE, CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan, 59000 Lille, France
| | - A. Yrondi
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1214, CHU PURPAN – Pavillon BAUDOT, Place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - C. Delmaire
- University of Lille, Inserm U1172, Centre Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France ,Neuroimaging Department, Lille University Medical Center, 59000 Lille, France
| | - C. Rascle
- Plateforme CURE, CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan, 59000 Lille, France
| | - K. Dujardin
- University of Lille, Inserm U1172, Centre Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France ,Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, 59000 Lille, France
| | - P. Thomas
- University of Lille, Inserm U1172, Centre Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France ,Plateforme CURE, CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan, 59000 Lille, France
| | - D. Pins
- University of Lille, Inserm U1172, Centre Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France ,Plateforme CURE, CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan, 59000 Lille, France
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Leroy A, Amad A, D'Hondt F, Pins D, Jaafari N, Thomas P, Jardri R. Reward anticipation in schizophrenia: A coordinate-based meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2020; 218:2-6. [PMID: 31948895 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reward processing impairments have been linked with positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Here, we performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis that combined eleven BOLD-fMRI studies comparing reward anticipation signals between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. We observed a reduced difference in activation in schizophrenia patients within a frontal-striatal network. Meta-regressions revealed that this functional signature was linked to the severity of psychotic symptoms and persisted even after controlling for the dose of antipsychotic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Leroy
- Univ. Lille, INSERM U1172, CHU Lille, Centre Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan, plateforme CURE, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Ali Amad
- Univ. Lille, INSERM U1172, CHU Lille, Centre Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan, plateforme CURE, F-59000 Lille, France; Groupement De Recherche en Psychiatrie CNRS-3557, France
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Univ. Lille, INSERM U1172, CHU Lille, Centre Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan, plateforme CURE, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre national de ressources et de résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France
| | - Delphine Pins
- Univ. Lille, INSERM U1172, CHU Lille, Centre Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan, plateforme CURE, F-59000 Lille, France; Groupement De Recherche en Psychiatrie CNRS-3557, France
| | - Nematollah Jaafari
- Groupement De Recherche en Psychiatrie CNRS-3557, France; Unité de Recherche Clinique Intersectorielle en Psychiatrie Pierre Deniker, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, 86021 Poitiers, France; Univ. Poitiers & CHU Poitiers, INSERM U1084, Laboratoire Expérimental et Clinique en Neurosciences, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- Univ. Lille, INSERM U1172, CHU Lille, Centre Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan, plateforme CURE, F-59000 Lille, France; Groupement De Recherche en Psychiatrie CNRS-3557, France
| | - Renaud Jardri
- Univ. Lille, INSERM U1172, CHU Lille, Centre Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Hôpital Fontan, plateforme CURE, F-59000 Lille, France; Groupement De Recherche en Psychiatrie CNRS-3557, France
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Dujardin K, Roman D, Baille G, Pins D, Lefebvre S, Delmaire C, Defebvre L, Jardri R. What can we learn from fMRI capture of visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease? Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 14:329-335. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Jardri R, Pins D, Thomas P. De la capture à la thérapeutique des hallucinations audio-visuelles dans la schizophrénie. Neurophysiol Clin 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Horn M, D'Hondt F, Gharib A, Gangloff L, Dumais A, Amad A, Thomas P, Fovet T, Pins D. Association between familiarity disorders and serious violence among inmates with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018. [PMID: 28647494 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Horn
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Axelle Gharib
- CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laura Gangloff
- CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ali Amad
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thomas Fovet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Delphine Pins
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE, F-59000 Lille, France
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Leroy A, Foucher JR, Pins D, Delmaire C, Thomas P, Roser MM, Lefebvre S, Amad A, Fovet T, Jaafari N, Jardri R. fMRI capture of auditory hallucinations: Validation of the two-steps method. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4966-4979. [PMID: 28660668 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our purpose was to validate a reliable method to capture brain activity concomitant with hallucinatory events, which constitute frequent and disabling experiences in schizophrenia. Capturing hallucinations using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) remains very challenging. We previously developed a method based on a two-steps strategy including (1) multivariate data-driven analysis of per-hallucinatory fMRI recording and (2) selection of the components of interest based on a post-fMRI interview. However, two tests still need to be conducted to rule out critical pitfalls of conventional fMRI capture methods before this two-steps strategy can be adopted in hallucination research: replication of these findings on an independent sample and assessment of the reliability of the hallucination-related patterns at the subject level. To do so, we recruited a sample of 45 schizophrenia patients suffering from frequent hallucinations, 20 schizophrenia patients without hallucinations and 20 matched healthy volunteers; all participants underwent four different experiments. The main findings are (1) high accuracy in reporting unexpected sensory stimuli in an MRI setting; (2) good detection concordance between hypothesis-driven and data-driven analysis methods (as used in the two-steps strategy) when controlled unexpected sensory stimuli are presented; (3) good agreement of the two-steps method with the online button-press approach to capture hallucinatory events; (4) high spatial consistency of hallucinatory-related networks detected using the two-steps method on two independent samples. By validating the two-steps method, we advance toward the possible transfer of such technology to new image-based therapies for hallucinations. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4966-4979, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Leroy
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, F-59000, France.,CHU Lille, Psychiatry Dpt., CURE platform, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Jack R Foucher
- Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357 - ICube - Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France.,CHU Strasbourg, CEntre de neuroModulation Non Invasive de Strasbourg (CEMNIS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Delphine Pins
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, F-59000, France.,CHU Lille, Psychiatry Dpt., CURE platform, Lille, F-59000, France
| | | | - Pierre Thomas
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, F-59000, France.,CHU Lille, Psychiatry Dpt., CURE platform, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Mathilde M Roser
- Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357 - ICube - Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France.,CHU Strasbourg, CEntre de neuroModulation Non Invasive de Strasbourg (CEMNIS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Stéphanie Lefebvre
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, F-59000, France.,CHU Lille, Psychiatry Dpt., CURE platform, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Ali Amad
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, F-59000, France.,CHU Lille, Psychiatry Dpt., CURE platform, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Thomas Fovet
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, F-59000, France.,CHU Lille, Psychiatry Dpt., CURE platform, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Nemat Jaafari
- Henri Laborit Hospital Centre, Unité de recherche clinique intersectorielle en psychiatrie à vocation régionale Pierre Deniker, Poitiers, F-86022, France.,Univ Poitiers and CHU Poitiers, INSERM, CIC-P 1402 and U-1084 Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Poitiers, F-86022, France
| | - Renaud Jardri
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, F-59000, France.,CHU Lille, Psychiatry Dpt., CURE platform, Lille, F-59000, France
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Ameller A, Picard A, D'Hondt F, Vaiva G, Thomas P, Pins D. Implicit Recognition of Familiar and Unfamiliar Faces in Schizophrenia: A Study of the Skin Conductance Response in Familiarity Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:181. [PMID: 29033855 PMCID: PMC5624991 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familiarity is a subjective sensation that contributes to person recognition. This process is described as an emotion-based memory-trace of previous meetings and could be disrupted in schizophrenia. Consequently, familiarity disorders could be involved in the impaired social interactions observed in patients with schizophrenia. Previous studies have primarily focused on famous people recognition. Our aim was to identify underlying features, such as emotional disturbances, that may contribute to familiarity disorders in schizophrenia. We hypothesize that patients with familiarity disorders will exhibit a lack of familiarity that could be detected by a flattened skin conductance response (SCR). METHOD The SCR was recorded to test the hypothesis that emotional reactivity disturbances occur in patients with schizophrenia during the categorization of specific familiar, famous and unknown faces as male or female. Forty-eight subjects were divided into the following 3 matched groups with 16 subjects per group: control subjects, schizophrenic people with familiarity disorder, and schizophrenic people without familiarity disorders. RESULTS Emotional arousal is reflected by the skin conductance measures. The control subjects and the patients without familiarity disorders experienced a differential emotional response to the specific familiar faces compared with that to the unknown faces. Nevertheless, overall, the schizophrenic patients without familiarity disorders showed a weaker response across conditions compared with the control subjects. In contrast, the patients with familiarity disorders did not show any significant differences in their emotional response to the faces, regardless of the condition. CONCLUSION Only patients with familiarity disorders fail to exhibit a difference in emotional response between familiar and non-familiar faces. These patients likely emotionally process familiar faces similarly to unknown faces. Hence, the lower feelings of familiarity in schizophrenia may be a premise enabling the emergence of familiarity disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurely Ameller
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab), CNRS UMR 9193, University of Lille, Lille, France.,CURE, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aline Picard
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab), CNRS UMR 9193, University of Lille, Lille, France.,CURE, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab), CNRS UMR 9193, University of Lille, Lille, France.,CURE, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab), CNRS UMR 9193, University of Lille, Lille, France.,CURE, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab), CNRS UMR 9193, University of Lille, Lille, France.,CURE, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Pins
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab), CNRS UMR 9193, University of Lille, Lille, France.,CURE, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Horn
- CNRS UMR 9193, Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab-PsyCHIC), Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Clinique de Psychiatrie (Hôpital Fontan), Unité CURE, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille (CHRU de Lille), Lille, France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- CNRS UMR 9193, Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab-PsyCHIC), Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Clinique de Psychiatrie (Hôpital Fontan), Unité CURE, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille (CHRU de Lille), Lille, France
| | - Delphine Pins
- CNRS UMR 9193, Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab-PsyCHIC), Université de Lille, Lille, France
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11
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Lefebvre S, Baille G, Jardri R, Plomhause L, Szaffarczyk S, Defebvre L, Thomas P, Delmaire C, Pins D, Dujardin K. Hallucinations and conscious access to visual inputs in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36284. [PMID: 27841268 PMCID: PMC5107911 DOI: 10.1038/srep36284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease has yet to be characterized. Although stimulus-driven (“bottom-up”) processes are known to be impaired, the role of “top-down” processes remains to be determined. Distinguishing between conscious and non-conscious detections (i.e. access to consciousness) may be a valuable way of monitoring top-down processes. Conscious access to visual inputs was investigated to identify the neural substrates underlying susceptibility to hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease. Seventeen healthy controls, 18 Parkinson’s disease patients with minor visual hallucinations and 16 without were enrolled in the study. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, the participants performed a visual detection task. The detection threshold was significantly higher in each patient group than in healthy controls while the two groups of patients did not differ significantly. Compared with hallucination-free patients, patients with minor hallucinations displayed hyperactivation of prefrontal and right occipital cortices, and hypoactivation of the left cingulate, temporal and occipital cortices. During conscious access to visual inputs, the functional network in patients with visual hallucinations differed from that seen in patients without visual hallucinations. This suggests that the supremacy of top-down processes in visual information processing may enhance susceptibility to hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Baille
- Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Renaud Jardri
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lucie Plomhause
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1171 - Degenerative &vascular cognitive disorders, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Szaffarczyk
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Luc Defebvre
- Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1171 - Degenerative &vascular cognitive disorders, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christine Delmaire
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1171 - Degenerative &vascular cognitive disorders, F-59000 Lille, France.,Neuroimaging Department, Lille University Medical Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Delphine Pins
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Kathy Dujardin
- Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1171 - Degenerative &vascular cognitive disorders, F-59000 Lille, France
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12
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Leroy A, Roche J, Dujardin K, Duthoit D, Puisieux F, Pins D, Jardri R, Boulanger E. Hallucinations et maladie de Parkinson du sujet âgé : pièges et prise en charge. Presse Med 2016; 45:522-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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13
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Lefebvre S, Demeulemeester M, Leroy A, Delmaire C, Lopes R, Pins D, Thomas P, Jardri R. Network dynamics during the different stages of hallucinations in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:2571-86. [PMID: 27016153 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with schizophrenia suffer from hallucinations. While the triple-network model, which includes the default mode network (DMN), the central executive network (CEN) and the salience network (SAL), has recently been applied to schizophrenia, how this framework could explain the emergence of hallucinations remains unclear. Therefore, complementary brain regions that have been linked to hallucinations, such as the left hippocampus, should also be considered and added to this model. Accordingly, the present study explored the effective connectivity across these four components (i.e., the quadripartite model) during the different stages of hallucinations. Twenty-five patients with schizophrenia participated in a single session of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to capture hallucinatory experiences. Based on the participants' self-report of the psychosensory experiences that occurred during scanning, hallucinatory experiences were identified and divided into four stages: periods without hallucination ("OFF"), periods with hallucination ("ON"), transition periods between "OFF" and "ON", and the extinction of the hallucinatory experience ("END"). Using stochastic dynamic causal modeling analysis, this study first confirmed that the SAL played a critical and causal role in switching between the CEN and the DMN in schizophrenia. In addition, effective connectivity within the quadripartite model depended on the hallucinatory stage. In particular, "ON" periods were linked to memory-based sensory input from the hippocampus to the SAL, while "END" periods were associated with a takeover of the CEN in favor of a voluntary process. Finally, the pathophysiological and therapeutic implications of these findings are critically discussed. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2571-2586, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Lefebvre
- Univ Lille, CNRS UMR-9193, Cognitive and Affective Sciences Laboratory (SCALab), psyCHIC team, F-59000, Lille, France.,CHRU de Lille, Psychiatry Dept, Fontan Hospital, CURE Unit, F-59037, Lille, France
| | - Morgane Demeulemeester
- Univ Lille, CNRS UMR-9193, Cognitive and Affective Sciences Laboratory (SCALab), psyCHIC team, F-59000, Lille, France.,CHRU de Lille, Psychiatry Dept, Fontan Hospital, CURE Unit, F-59037, Lille, France.,ORPEA-CLINEA group, Lautréamont Clinic, F-59120, Loos, France
| | - Arnaud Leroy
- Univ Lille, CNRS UMR-9193, Cognitive and Affective Sciences Laboratory (SCALab), psyCHIC team, F-59000, Lille, France.,CHRU de Lille, Psychiatry Dept, Fontan Hospital, CURE Unit, F-59037, Lille, France
| | - Christine Delmaire
- CHRU de Lille, Neuroradiology Dpt, Salengro Hospital, F-59037, eLille, France
| | - Renaud Lopes
- Univ Lille, INSERM U1171, Clinical Imaging Core facility (CI2C), F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Pins
- Univ Lille, CNRS UMR-9193, Cognitive and Affective Sciences Laboratory (SCALab), psyCHIC team, F-59000, Lille, France.,CHRU de Lille, Psychiatry Dept, Fontan Hospital, CURE Unit, F-59037, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- Univ Lille, CNRS UMR-9193, Cognitive and Affective Sciences Laboratory (SCALab), psyCHIC team, F-59000, Lille, France.,CHRU de Lille, Psychiatry Dept, Fontan Hospital, CURE Unit, F-59037, Lille, France
| | - Renaud Jardri
- Univ Lille, CNRS UMR-9193, Cognitive and Affective Sciences Laboratory (SCALab), psyCHIC team, F-59000, Lille, France.,CHRU de Lille, Psychiatry Dept, Fontan Hospital, CURE Unit, F-59037, Lille, France
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Lapierre P, Szaffarczyk S, Danel T, Cottencin O, Pins D. Étude du sentiment de familiarité dans l’alcoolo-dépendance : une hyperfamiliarité aux visages. Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
L’alcoolo-dépendance est une maladie chronique hautement récidivante dont l’enjeu principal est la prévention des rechutes. Les rechutes sont favorisées par le ressenti du sujet vis-à-vis de son environnement social [1]. L’alcoolo-dépendance entraîne des troubles cognitivo-comportementaux dont des déficits de reconnaissance émotionnelle et une altération des interactions sociales [2] majorant le risque de rechutes [3]. Ces troubles pourraient être liés à une altération du sentiment de familiarité. La familiarité se définit comme un sentiment de connaissance préalable d’un stimulus générant une émotion inconsciente, sans souvenir conscient de son identité [4]. Nous nous proposons d’étudier la familiarité aux visages dans l’alcoolo-dépendance. Douze patients alcoolo-dépendants (AD) étaient appariés en sexe et en âge à 12 témoins (T). Les participants ne présentaient ni trouble psychiatrique, ni neurologique, ni addiction en dehors d’un trouble d’usage sévère d’alcool pour le groupe AD (classification DSM-5). Des morphes entre visages familiers et inconnus (contenant 5 à 95 % du visage familier) étaient présentés. Les sujets devaient indiquer les visages leur semblant familiers. Un pourcentage de réponse « familier » était alors calculé par niveau de familiarité, permettant de construire une fonction psychométrique par sujet, et d’en déduire le seuil de familiarité (pourcentage de familiarité contenue dans le morphe pour lequel 50 % des stimuli étaient considérés comme familiers). Les interactions sociales étaient évaluées par une échelle de cognition sociale (MASC). Le seuil de familiarité était significativement plus faible dans le groupe AD que dans le groupe T (48,79 % versus 54,94 % – p = 0,025). Parallèlement les 2 groupes différaient sur les scores au MASC (AD : 26/45 ; T : 31/45 – p = 0,015). Ces résultats démontrent une hyperfamiliarité dans l’alcoolo-dépendance, associée à une altération de la cognition sociale. L’implication de l’altération de ces deux processus sur les risques de rechute est abordée.
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Ameller A, Dereux A, Dubertret C, Vaiva G, Thomas P, Pins D. 'What is more familiar than I? Self, other and familiarity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 161:501-5. [PMID: 25533594 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familiarity disorders (FDs) critically impact social cognition in persons with schizophrenia. FDs can affect both relationships with people familiar to the patient and the patient's relationship with himself, in the case of a self-disorder. Skin conductance response (SCR) studies have shown that familiar and unknown faces elicit the same emotional response in persons with schizophrenia with FD. Moreover, in control subjects, one's own face and familiar faces have been shown to activate strongly overlapping neural networks, suggesting common processing. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the mechanisms involved in processing one's own and familiar faces are similarly impaired in persons with schizophrenia, suggesting a link between them. METHOD Twenty-eight persons with schizophrenia were compared with twenty control subjects. Three face conditions were used: specific familiar, self and unknown. The task was to indicate the gender of the faces presented randomly on a screen during SCR recording. Face recognition was evaluated afterwards. RESULTS Control subjects exhibited similar SCRs for the familiar and self-conditions, which were higher than the responses elicited by the unknown condition, whereas persons with schizophrenia exhibited no significant differences between the three conditions. CONCLUSION Persons with schizophrenia have a core defect of both self and familiarity that is emphasised by the lack of an increased SCR upon presentation with either self or familiar stimuli. Familiarity with specific familiar faces and one's own face may be driven by the same mechanism. This perturbation may predispose persons with schizophrenia to delusions and, in particular, to general familiarity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurely Ameller
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies (LNFP), Université Droit et Santé Lille (UDSL), F-59000 Lille, France; AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France..
| | - Antoine Dereux
- AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France.; INSERM U675-U894, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Dubertret
- AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France.; INSERM U675-U894, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France.; University Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies (LNFP), Université Droit et Santé Lille (UDSL), F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHULille), Hôpital Fontan, Lille, F-59037 France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies (LNFP), Université Droit et Santé Lille (UDSL), F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHULille), Hôpital Fontan, Lille, F-59037 France
| | - Delphine Pins
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies (LNFP), Université Droit et Santé Lille (UDSL), F-59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F-75794 Paris, France
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16
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Abstract
Illusion, namely a mismatch between the objective and perceived properties of an object present in the environment, is a common feature of visual perception, both in normal and pathological conditions. This makes illusion a valuable tool with which to explore normal perception and its impairments. Although still debated, the hypothesis of a modified, and typically diminished, susceptibility to illusions in schizophrenia patients is supported by a growing number of studies. The current paper aimed to review how illusions have been used to explore and reveal the core features of visual perception in schizophrenia from a psychophysical, neurophysiological and functional point of view. We propose an integration of these findings into a common hierarchical Bayesian inference framework. The Bayesian formalism considers perception as the optimal combination between sensory evidence and prior knowledge, thereby highlighting the interweaving of perceptions and beliefs. Notably, it offers a holistic and convincing explanation for the perceptual changes observed in schizophrenia that might be ideally tested using illusory paradigms, as well as potential paths to explore neural mechanisms. Implications for psychopathology (in terms of positive symptoms, subjective experience or behavior disruptions) are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Edouard Notredame
- Pediatric Psychiatry Department, University Medical Centre of Lille Lille, France ; SCA-Lab, PSYCHIC Team, Université Lille Nord de France Lille, France
| | - Delphine Pins
- SCA-Lab, PSYCHIC Team, Université Lille Nord de France Lille, France
| | - Sophie Deneve
- Group for Neural Theory, INSERM U960, Institute of Cognitive Studies, École Normale Supérieure Paris, France
| | - Renaud Jardri
- Pediatric Psychiatry Department, University Medical Centre of Lille Lille, France ; SCA-Lab, PSYCHIC Team, Université Lille Nord de France Lille, France ; Group for Neural Theory, INSERM U960, Institute of Cognitive Studies, École Normale Supérieure Paris, France
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17
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Waters F, Collerton D, Ffytche DH, Jardri R, Pins D, Dudley R, Blom JD, Mosimann UP, Eperjesi F, Ford S, Larøi F. Visual hallucinations in the psychosis spectrum and comparative information from neurodegenerative disorders and eye disease. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40 Suppl 4:S233-45. [PMID: 24936084 PMCID: PMC4141306 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Much of the research on visual hallucinations (VHs) has been conducted in the context of eye disease and neurodegenerative conditions, but little is known about these phenomena in psychiatric and nonclinical populations. The purpose of this article is to bring together current knowledge regarding VHs in the psychosis phenotype and contrast this data with the literature drawn from neurodegenerative disorders and eye disease. The evidence challenges the traditional views that VHs are atypical or uncommon in psychosis. The weighted mean for VHs is 27% in schizophrenia, 15% in affective psychosis, and 7.3% in the general community. VHs are linked to a more severe psychopathological profile and less favorable outcome in psychosis and neurodegenerative conditions. VHs typically co-occur with auditory hallucinations, suggesting a common etiological cause. VHs in psychosis are also remarkably complex, negative in content, and are interpreted to have personal relevance. The cognitive mechanisms of VHs in psychosis have rarely been investigated, but existing studies point to source-monitoring deficits and distortions in top-down mechanisms, although evidence for visual processing deficits, which feature strongly in the organic literature, is lacking. Brain imaging studies point to the activation of visual cortex during hallucinations on a background of structural and connectivity changes within wider brain networks. The relationship between VHs in psychosis, eye disease, and neurodegeneration remains unclear, although the pattern of similarities and differences described in this review suggests that comparative studies may have potentially important clinical and theoretical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Waters
- Clinical Research Centre, Graylands Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Service Mental Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia;
| | - Daniel Collerton
- Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Bensham Hospital, Gateshead and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Renaud Jardri
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles & Pathologies, Université Droit & Santé (UDSL), Univ Lille Nord de France and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU Lille), Hôpital Fontan, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Pins
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles & Pathologies, Université Droit & Santé (UDSL), Univ Lille Nord de France and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU Lille), Hôpital Fontan, Lille, France
| | - Robert Dudley
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; South of Tyne Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jan Dirk Blom
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Urs Peter Mosimann
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frank Eperjesi
- Ophthalmic Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Service Mental Health - Older Adult Program, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Frank Larøi
- Department of Psychology: Cognition and Behaviour, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Rémy F, Vayssière N, Pins D, Boucart M, Fabre-Thorpe M. Incongruent object/context relationships in visual scenes: where are they processed in the brain? Brain Cogn 2013; 84:34-43. [PMID: 24280445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapid object visual categorization in briefly flashed natural scenes is influenced by the surrounding context. The neural correlates underlying reduced categorization performance in response to incongruent object/context associations remain unclear and were investigated in the present study using fMRI. Participants were instructed to categorize objects in briefly presented scenes (exposure duration=100ms). Half of the scenes consisted of objects pasted in an expected (congruent) context, whereas for the other half, objects were embedded in incongruent contexts. Object categorization was more accurate and faster in congruent relative to incongruent scenes. Moreover, we found that the two types of scenes elicited different patterns of cerebral activation. In particular, the processing of incongruent scenes induced increased activations in the parahippocampal cortex, as well as in the right frontal cortex. This higher activity may indicate additional neural processing of the novel (non experienced) contextual associations that were inherent to the incongruent scenes. Moreover, our results suggest that the locus of object categorization impairment due to contextual incongruence is in the right anterior parahippocampal cortex. Indeed in this region activity was correlated with the reaction time increase observed with incongruent scenes. Representations for associations between objects and their usual context of appearance might be encoded in the right anterior parahippocampal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Rémy
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, France; CNRS, CerCo, Toulouse, France.
| | - Nathalie Vayssière
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, France; CNRS, CerCo, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Pins
- Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Laboratoire Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Muriel Boucart
- Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Laboratoire Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Michèle Fabre-Thorpe
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, France; CNRS, CerCo, Toulouse, France
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Abstract
The pathophysiology of hallucinations remains mysterious. This research aims to specifically explore the interaction between hallucinations and spontaneous resting-state activity. We used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging during hallucinations occurrence in 20 drug-free adolescents with a "brief psychotic disorder." They were furthermore compared with 20 matched controls at rest or during exteroceptive stimuli. Anatomical and functional symptom-mapping demonstrated reduced cortical thickness and increased blood oxygen level-dependent signal in modality-dependent association sensory cortices during auditory, visual, and multisensory hallucinations. On the contrary, primary-sensory-cortex recruitment was not systematic and was shown to be associated with increased vividness of the hallucinatory experiences. Spatiotemporal activity patterns in the default-mode network (DMN) during hallucinations and symptom-free periods in patients were compared with patterns measured in healthy individuals. A disengagement of the DMN was concomitant to hallucinations, as for exogenous stimulations in healthy participants. Specifically, spatial and temporal instabilities of the DMN correlated with the severity of hallucinations but persisted during symptom-free periods. These results suggest that hallucinatory experiences emerge from a spontaneous DMN withdrawal, providing a convincing model for hallucinations beyond the auditory modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Jardri
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France.
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20
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Demeulemeester M, Amad A, Bubrovszky M, Pins D, Thomas P, Jardri R. What is the real effect of 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on hallucinations? Controlling for publication bias in neuromodulation trials. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 71:e15-6. [PMID: 22071532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jardri R, Houfflin-Debarge V, Delion P, Pruvo JP, Thomas P, Pins D. Assessing fetal response to maternal speech using a noninvasive functional brain imaging technique. Int J Dev Neurosci 2011; 30:159-61. [PMID: 22123457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for cortical sensory activation in the human fetus at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy was provided in a recent imaging study. Although hearing is functional before birth, it is not clear whether recognition of the mother's voice is learned in utero or rapidly following delivery. We developed an original fMRI procedure that allows for the specific exploration of fetal brain response to auditory stimuli. This procedure provides the first in vivo evidence for the development of maternal voice recognition in utero between 33 and 34 weeks of gestation. This methodology could have crucial implications in the study of fetal cognition.
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Jardri R, Pins D, Lafargue G, Very E, Ameller A, Delmaire C, Thomas P. Increased overlap between the brain areas involved in self-other distinction in schizophrenia. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17500. [PMID: 21408008 PMCID: PMC3052363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-awareness impairments are frequently mentioned as being responsible for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, the neural correlates of self-other distinction in this pathology are still poorly understood. In the present study, we developed an fMRI procedure in order to examine self-other distinction during speech exchange situations. Fifteen subjects with schizophrenia were compared to 15 matched controls. The results revealed an increased overlap between the self and non-self cortical maps in schizophrenia, in the medial frontal and medial parietal cortices, as well as in the right middle temporal cortex and the right inferior parietal lobule. Moreover, these neural structures showed less BOLD amplitude differences between the self and non-self conditions in the patients. These activation patterns were judged to be independent of mirror-like properties, familiarity or body-ownership processing. Significantly, the increase in the right IPL signal was found to correlate positively with the severity of first-rank symptoms, and thus could be considered a “state-marker” of schizophrenia, whereas temporal and medial parieto-frontal differences appear to be “trait-markers” of the disease. Such an increased overlap between self and non-self cortical maps might be considered a neuro-physiological signature of the well established self-awareness impairment in people suffering from schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Jardri
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, EA-4559, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
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23
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) constitute severe, incapacitating symptoms of schizophrenia. Despite increasing interest in the functional exploration of AVHs, the available findings remain difficult to integrate because of their considerable variability. The authors' aim was to perform a robust quantitative review of existing functional data in order to elucidate consistent patterns observed during the emergence of AVHs and to orient new pathophysiological models of hallucinations. METHOD Ten positron emission tomography or functional magnetic resonance imaging studies were selected for the meta-analysis after systematic review. A total of 68 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders experiencing AVHs during scanning were included. According to a random-effects activation likelihood estimation algorithm, stereotaxic coordinates of 129 foci, reported as significant in the source studies, were extracted and computed to estimate the brain locations most consistently associated with AVHs across studies (cluster-extent threshold: 200 mm³). RESULTS Patients experiencing AVHs demonstrated significantly increased activation likelihoods in a bilateral neural network, including the Broca's area (activation likelihood estimation=1.84×10⁻³), anterior insula (1.78×10⁻³), precentral gyrus (1.46×10⁻³), frontal operculum (1.29×10⁻³), middle and superior temporal gyri (1.59×10⁻³), inferior parietal lobule (1.33×10⁻³), and hippocampus/parahippocampal region (1.90×10⁻³). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrated that experiencing AVHs is associated with increased activity in fronto-temporal areas involved in speech generation and speech perception, but also within the medial temporal lobe, a structure notably involved in verbal memory. Such findings support a model for AVHs in which aberrant cortical activations emerge within a distributed network involved at different levels of complexity in the brain architecture. Critical future directions are considered.
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Aedo-Jury F, Pins D. Increasing time compression with eccentricity: A magnocellular property? J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Remy F, Vayssiere N, Pins D, Boucart M, Fabre-Thorpe M. Incongruent visual scenes : Where are they processed in the brain ? J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Aedo-Jury F, Pins D. Magnocellular and parvocellular pathways differentially modulate conscious perception with eccentricity: Evidence from binocular rivalry. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Jardri R, Delevoye-Turrell Y, Lucas B, Pins D, Bulot V, Delmaire C, Thomas P, Delion P, Goeb JL. Clinical practice of rTMS reveals a functional dissociation between agency and hallucinations in schizophrenia. Neuropsychologia 2009; 47:132-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jardri R, Pins D, Houfflin-Debarge V, Chaffiotte C, Rocourt N, Pruvo JP, Steinling M, Delion P, Thomas P. Fetal cortical activation to sound at 33 weeks of gestation: a functional MRI study. Neuroimage 2008; 42:10-8. [PMID: 18539048 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing already functions before birth, but little is known about the neural basis of fetal life experiences. Recent imaging studies have validated the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in pregnant women at 38-weeks of gestation. The aim of the present study was to examine fetal brain activation to sound, using fMRI at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy. 6 pregnant women between 28- and 34-weeks of gestation were scanned using a magnetic strength of 1.5 T, with an auditory stimulus applied to their abdomen. 3 fetuses with a gestational age of 33 weeks, showed significant activation to sound in the left temporal lobe, measured using a new data-driven approach (Independent Component Analysis for fMRI time series). Only 2 of these fetuses showed left temporal activation, when the standard voxel-wise analysis method was used (p=0.007; p=0.001). Moreover, motion parameters added as predictors of the General Linear Model confirmed that motion cannot account for the signal variance in the fetal temporal cortex (p=0.01). Comparison between the statistical maps obtained from MRI scans of the fetuses with those obtained from adults, made it possible to confirm our hypothesis, that there is brain activation in the primary auditory cortex in response to sound. Measurement of the fetal hemodynamic response revealed an average fMRI signal change of +3.5%. This study shows that it is possible to use fMRI to detect early fetal brain function, but also confirms that sound processing occurs beyond the reflexive sub-cortical level, at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Jardri
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 8160, Université Lille 2, CHRU de Lille, France.
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Jardri R, Delevoye-Turrell Y, Lucas B, Pins D, Thomas P, Delion P, Goeb J. Coupling repetitive TMS with functional MRI for the treatment of drug-resistant hallucinations in children with early onset schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Jardri R, Pins D, Bubrovszky M, Despretz P, Pruvo JP, Steinling M, Thomas P. Self awareness and speech processing: An fMRI study. Neuroimage 2007; 35:1645-53. [PMID: 17363281 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Revised: 12/28/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Language production and perception imply motor system recruitment. Therefore, language should obey the theory of shared motor representation between self and other, by means of mirror-like systems. These mirror-like systems (referring to single-unit recordings in animals) show the property to be recruited both when accomplishing and when perceiving a goal-directed action, whatever the sensory modality may be. This hypothesis supposes that a neural network for self-awareness is involved to distinguish speech production from speech listening. We used fMRI to test this assumption in 12 healthy subjects, who performed two different block-design experiments. The first experiment showed involvement of a lateral mirror-like network in speech listening, including ventral premotor cortex, superior temporal sulcus and the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). The activity of this mirror-like network is associated with the perception of an intelligible speech. The second experiment looked at a self-awareness network. It showed involvement of a medial resting-state network, including the medial parietal and medial prefrontal cortices, during the 'self-generated voice' condition, as opposed to passive speech listening. Our results support the fact that deactivation of this medial network, in association with modulation of the activity of the IPL (part of the mirror-like network previously described), is linked to self-awareness in speech processing. Overall, these results support the idea that self-awareness is present when distinguishing between speech production and speech listening situations, and may depend on these two different parieto-frontal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Jardri
- UMR-CNRS 8160, Laboratoire Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, Université Lille II, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jardri
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Lille, Lille, France
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35
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Delord S, Ducato MG, Pins D, Devinck F, Thomas P, Boucart M, Knoblauch K. Psychophysical assessment of magno- and parvocellular function in
schizophrenia. Vis Neurosci 2006; 23:645-50. [PMID: 16962008 DOI: 10.1017/s0952523806233017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2005] [Accepted: 11/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recently developed psychophysical techniques permit the biasing of the
processing of the stimulus by early visual channels so that responses
reflect characteristics of either magno- or parvocellular pathways
(Pokorny & Smith, 1997). We used such
techniques to test psychophysically whether the global magnocellular
dysfunction reported in schizophrenia also affects early processes. Seven
schizophrenic patients and 19 normal controls participated. The task was a
four-alternative forced-choice luminance discrimination, using a 2 ×
2 configuration of four 1-deg squares. Target luminance threshold was
determined in three conditions: the stimulus, including the target, was
pulsed for 17 ms (pulse paradigm); the target was presented on a
steady background of four squares (steady paradigm), or the
target was presented alone (no background paradigm). We
replicated previous results demonstrating magnocellular and parvocellular
signatures in control participants. No evidence for an early magnocellular
deficit could be detected as the thresholds of all schizophrenic observers
were higher both in the steady paradigm (presumed magnocellular mediation)
and in the pulse paradigm (presumed parvocellular mediation).
Magnocellular dysfunction, if present in schizophrenia, must concern more
integrated processes, possibly at levels at which parvocellular and
magnocellular paths interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Delord
- Equipe de Psychologie Cognitive, Laboratoire de Psychologie (EA 3662), Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
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Foucher JR, Vidailhet P, Chanraud S, Gounot D, Grucker D, Pins D, Damsa C, Danion JM. Functional integration in schizophrenia: too little or too much? Preliminary results on fMRI data. Neuroimage 2005; 26:374-88. [PMID: 15907297 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2004] [Revised: 12/17/2004] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The disconnectivity hypothesis proposes that schizophrenia results from poor or miswired anatomical connections. Theoretically, its functional counterpart should be disintegration. Integration is thought to allow segregated neurons to interact as a coherent whole, referred to as the "core", while the non-interacting part of the brain is referred to as the "rest". In this study, it is suggested that schizophrenia is the result of rest noise interfering with core activity. Two possible causes are assessed: (i) defective core integration, making the core more vulnerable to noise from the rest, or (ii) the rest being too highly integrated, meaning that it can interfere with the core. These hypotheses were tested using fMRI data acquired from 13 stabilized medicated schizophrenic subjects compared to 11 matched controls. Subjects were required to perform a series of lexical decision and retrieval tasks in separate sessions. The brain was divided into 90 components. Integration was defined as the amount of information shared between the components of a sub-system. An iterative aggregation procedure made it possible to identify a core on the basis of the functional clustering index, which assesses the integration of the core relative to its integration with the rest. Correlation of component-pairs within the core was also compared between the two groups. This procedure was repeated for each subject and for each task. Cores did not differ between the two groups, either in terms of integration or in terms of functional clustering index. However, the core was still highly integrated with the rest and the rest was overly integrated in schizophrenic subjects. Both anomalies were correlated with the negative symptoms. These findings were consistent regardless of the task considered. Furthermore, within the core, anterior-posterior correlations were lower in patients (between the frontal and the parietal and posterior cingulate cortices), whereas frontal left-right correlations were excessive. No significant correlation was found with the medication. Thus, it appears that schizophrenia entails a deleterious combination of too much "noisy" integration (from the rest) and too little "significant" integration (anterior-posterior functional connectivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Foucher
- Clinique Psychiatrique-INSERM U405, Hôpitaux Universitaires-Strasbourg, France.
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37
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Abstract
Some visual neurons code what we see, their defining characteristic being a response profile which mirrors conscious percepts rather than veridical sensory attributes. One issue yet to be resolved is whether, within a given cortical area, conscious visual perception relates to diffuse activity across the entire population of such cells or focal activity within the sub-population mapping the location of the perceived stimulus. Here we investigate the issue in the human brain with fMRI, using a threshold stimulation technique to dissociate perceptual from non-perceptual activity. Our results point to a retinotopic organisation of perceptual activity in early visual areas, with independent perceptual activations for different regions of visual space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic H ffytche
- Institute of Psychiatry PO 70, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
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38
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Pins D, Meyer ME, Foucher J, Humphreys G, Boucart M. Neural correlates of implicit object identification. Neuropsychologia 2004; 42:1247-59. [PMID: 15178176 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2003] [Revised: 01/29/2004] [Accepted: 01/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to assess neural correlates of implicit identification of objects by means of fMRI, using tasks that require matching of the physical properties of objects. Behavioural data suggests that there is automatic access to object identity when observers attend to a physical property of the form of an object (e.g. the object's orientation) and no evidence for semantic processing when subjects attend to colour. We evaluated whether, in addition to neural areas associated with decisions to specific perceptual properties, areas associated with access to semantic information were activated when tasks demanded processing of the global configuration of pictures. We used two perceptual matching tasks based on the global orientation or on the colour of line drawings. Our results confirmed behavioural data. Activations in the inferior occipital cortex, fusiform and inferior temporal gyri in both tasks (orientation and colour) account for perceptual and structural processing involved in each task. In contrast, activations in the posterior and medial parts of the fusiform gyrus, shown to be involved in explicit semantic judgements, were more pronounced in the orientation-matching task, suggesting that semantic information from the pictures is processed in an implicit way even when not required by the task. Thus, this study suggests that cortical regions usually involved in explicit semantic processing are also activated when implicit processing of objects occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pins
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, FRE 2726-CNRS, Université Lille 2, Explorations Fonctionnelles de la Vision, CHRU Lille, Hôpital Roger Salengro, 59037 Lille, France.
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39
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Abstract
Conflicting accounts of the neurobiology of consciousness have emerged from previous imaging studies. Some studies suggest that visual consciousness relates to a distributed network of frontal and partietal regions while others point to localized activity within individual visual areas. While the two positions seem mutually exclusive, timing issues may help reconcile the two. Networks that appear unified in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies may reflect processes that are widely distributed in time. To help resolve this issue, we have investigated timing across a network correlating with consciousness in parallel fMRI and evoked potential (EP) studies of grating stimuli. At threshold, a stimulus is perceived on some occasions but not on others, dissociating sensory input and perception. We have found correlates of consciousness in the occipital lobe at 100 ms and in parietal, frontal, auditory and motor regions from 260 ms onwards. The broad temporal and spatial distribution of activity argues against a unified, distributed fronto-parietal correlate of consciousness. Instead, it suggests that correlates of consciousness are divided into primary and secondary network nodes, with early activity in the occipital lobe correlating with perception and later activity in downstream areas with secondary processes contingent on the outcome of earlier perceptual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Pins
- Institute of Psychiatry, De Creespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
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Delbeke J, Pins D, Michaux G, Wanet-Defalque MC, Parrini S, Veraart C. Electrical stimulation of anterior visual pathways in retinitis pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:291-7. [PMID: 11133881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore electrically induced phosphenes in blind patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in comparison with healthy subjects and to develop a screening test for candidates for an optic nerve visual prosthesis implantation. METHODS Phosphenes are obtained by charge balanced biphasic pulse stimulations through a surface cathode over the closed eyelids and an anode near the opposite ear. The resulting strength-duration relationship for somatosensory, phosphene, and pain threshold has been recorded in five RP patients as well as in 10 healthy volunteers. RESULTS In sighted subjects, the average rheobase and chronaxy for phosphene perception are 0.28 mA and 3.07 msec, respectively. For pulse durations longer than 2 msec, phosphenes are usually obtained at current strengths below the level giving rise to any other electrically generated sensation. In RP patients, however, phosphenes are not so easily obtained. One in five had no visual response at all. Another patient reported a flash perception for the longest pulse durations only. Spontaneous phosphenes interfered heavily with the stimulation in a third person. Finally, despite the higher threshold, two patients displayed normally shaped strength-duration curves. CONCLUSIONS The surface stimulation has proven harmless, adequate, and very helpful to ascertain that the optic nerve can be electrically activated in completely blind individuals. Long-duration stimulation pulses yield very low phosphene thresholds in healthy subjects. Anterior visual pathways activation requires higher currents in RP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Delbeke
- Neural Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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41
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Abstract
Boucart and Humphreys reported an automatic access to object identity when observers attend to a physical property of the form of an object (e.g. the orientation) but not to its colour. We sought evidence for automatic identification in a brain imaging study using fMRI. In an orientation decision task participants decided whether a picture was vertical or horizontal. In the colour decision task participants decided if a picture was blue or green. Activation of areas 18-19 was found for both color and orientation. Activation of the temporal area 37 occurred more frequently in the orientation than in the colour decision task. This result suggests that automatic identification activates the same brain area as overt processing of semantic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boucart
- Laboratoire de Neuroscience du Comportement, Université Lille I, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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42
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Foucher J, Meyer ME, Pins D, Danion JM. Metamemory as the source of right frontal activation during recognition. Neuroimage 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(00)91329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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43
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Abstract
The Piéron function (Piéron, 1914, 1920, 1952) describes the decay of reaction time (RT) when the intensity of the stimulus is increased. It is generally demonstrated within a suprathreshold range of intensities. However, in some studies, for the lowest range of intensities, the exponent of the function is clearly greater than that for the upper ranges of intensities. Such an increase in the exponent for the lowest intensities is assumed to result from a combined effect of stimulus intensity and of stimulis uncertainty in detection. Our first experiment used luminance levels that covered all the scotopic range and a spatial two-alternative forced-choice task in which both accuracy and RT were measured. It demonstrated a drastic increase in the exponent in the Piéron function when the intensities reached the threshold region. Since the estimates of the threshold region may have been biased by the use of a much larger range of luminances, a second experiment was conducted using luminances that covered only the threshold region. This experiment confirmed the previous estimates for the threshold region.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pins
- Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France.
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44
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Pins D, Bonnet C, Dresp B. Response times to Ehrenstein illusions of varying subjective magnitude: complementarity of psychophysical measures. Psychon Bull Rev 1999; 6:437-44. [PMID: 12198781 DOI: 10.3758/bf03210832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The following experiments investigate the effects of contrast polarity, inducer spacing, and inducer type on three dependent variables measuring the perception of an illusory surface in Ehrenstein figures: subjective magnitude, response time, and frequency of perception. It was found that response time generally decreased when the other two behavioral indicators increased. However, it was also shown that subjective magnitude provided more discriminating measures of relatively strong illusory percepts, whereas frequency of perception and response time provided more discriminating measures of relatively weak illusory percepts. The findings generally confirm earlier work on the effect of inducer spacing and contrast polarity on the perceived strength of brightness illusions, and in particular reveal the complementarity of subjective magnitude, response time, and frequency of perception as critical measures of configurational effects in the perceptual processing of these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pins
- Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France.
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Veraart C, Raftopoulos C, Mortimer JT, Delbeke J, Pins D, Michaux G, Vanlierde A, Parrini S, Wanet-Defalque MC. Visual sensations produced by optic nerve stimulation using an implanted self-sizing spiral cuff electrode. Brain Res 1998; 813:181-6. [PMID: 9824694 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A blind volunteer with retinitis pigmentosa was chronically implanted with a self-sizing spiral cuff electrode around an optic nerve. Electrical stimuli applied to the nerve produced localized visual sensations that were broadly distributed throughout the visual field and could be varied by changing the stimulating conditions. These results demonstrate the potential for constructing a visual prosthesis, based on electrical stimulation of the optic nerve, for blind subjects who have intact retinal ganglion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Veraart
- Neural Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate, 54, UCL-54.46 B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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Abstract
Visual sensitivity rhythm has been assessed by several authors in animals. It shows an intrinsic circadian rhythm of some retinal mechanisms that could account for fluctuating sensitivity to light during the day in these species. However, very little is known concerning a possible circadian rhythm of visual sensitivity in humans. The present experiment was designed to assess a diurnal rhythm of visual sensitivity using psychophysical methods. Two different detection threshold measures (adaptive and constant methods) were applied on 7 highly entrained subjects. The results show a strongly increased visual detection threshold in the morning (8:00 h) in 4 of 7 subjects, followed by an important improvement at 10:00 h, after which time it remains almost constant whatever the method used. But 3 subjects had constant thresholds throughout the day. A "first session" effect as well as a "chronotype" effect were ruled out. The results are discussed in terms of a possible effect of sleep inertia, suggesting a long-lasting effect probably dependent on the type of task.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tassi
- Laboratoire de Psychophysique Sensorielle, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
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47
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Pins D, Treisman M, Johnston R. Do Difficulties in Stimulus Discrimination Affect Luminance Processing? Perception 1996. [DOI: 10.1068/v96l0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple reaction time is known to decay as a hyperbolic function of luminance (Piéron's function). An identical relationship has also been demonstrated recently (Pins and Bonnet, 1996 Perception & Psychophysics in press) with different choice-reaction-time tasks. Although mean choice reaction time increased with the complexity of the task, the exponents of the functions relating reaction time (RT) to luminance were found to be equal in each experiment. These results suggest that the task specific time required by the different tasks only adds to the time necessary for luminance processing. In these experiments, the different stimuli presented were easily discriminable. In the present study, we examined the effect of variation in luminance on a more difficult discrimination task involving variation in orientation. Five different luminance levels covering the entire mesopic range were used. In two conditions, tilted lines at nine different angles were used, at a spacing of 2°. In the first condition, the orientations were chosen on both sides of the vertical (the subject responded “left” or “right”); in the second condition, the orientations were on both sides of a line oriented at −40° to the vertical (the subject responded “high” or “low”). The results were compared to those of a second experiment in which only two easily discriminable orientations were used. The results show that RT is greater in the experiments in which nine orientations are used, while the effect of intensity on RT is lower. This effect does not depend on orientation.
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48
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Pins D, Bonnet C. On the relation between stimulus intensity and processing time: Piéron's law and choice reaction time. Percept Psychophys 1996; 58:390-400. [PMID: 8935900 DOI: 10.3758/bf03206815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Piéron (1914, 1920, 1952) demonstrated that simple reaction time (SRT) decays as a hyperbolic function of luminance in detection tasks. However, whether such a relationship holds equally for choice reaction time (CRT) has been questioned (Luce, 1986; Nissen, 1977), at least when the task is not brightness discrimination. In two SRT and three CRT experiments, we investigated the function that relates reaction time (RT) to stimulus intensity for five levels of luminance covering the entire mesopic range. The psychophysical experiments consisted of simple detection, two-alternative forced choice (2 AFC) with spatial uncertainty, 2 AFC with semantic categorization, and 2 AFC with orientation discrimination. The results of the experiments showed that mean RT increases with task complexity. However, the exponents of the functions relating RT to stimulus intensity were found to be similar in the different experiments. This finding indicates that Piéron's law holds for CRT as well as for SRT. It describes RT as a power function of stimulus intensity, with similar exponents, regardless of the complexity of the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pins
- Laboratoire de Psychophysique Sensorie, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France.
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