1
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Brosque A, Friedmann-Morvinski D. Drivers of heterogeneity in the glioblastoma immune microenvironment. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102279. [PMID: 37984008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by a highly complex and heterogeneous tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). In this review, we discuss the impact of tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic drivers that contribute to heterogeneity in the adult glioblastoma TIME, focusing on four main factors: genetic drivers, sex, age, and standard of care therapy. We describe recent insights into how each of these factors affects key aspects ranging from TIME composition to therapy response, with an emphasis on the cross-talk between tumor and immune cells. Deciphering these local interactions is fundamental to understanding therapy resistance and identifying novel immunomodulatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Brosque
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. https://twitter.com/alibrosque
| | - Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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2
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Jagadeeshan S, Prasad M, Badarni M, Lulu TB, Liju VB, Mathukkada S, Saunders C, Shnerb AB, Zorea J, Yegodayev KM, Wainer M, Vtorov L, Allon I, Cohen O, Gausdal G, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Cheong SC, Ho AL, Rosenberg AJ, Kessler L, Burrows F, Kong D, Grandis JR, Gutkind JS, Elkabets M. Mutated HRAS Activates YAP1-AXL Signaling to Drive Metastasis of Head and Neck Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1031-1047. [PMID: 36753744 PMCID: PMC10073343 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The survival rate for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) diagnosed with cervical lymph node (cLN) or distant metastasis is low. Genomic alterations in the HRAS oncogene are associated with advanced tumor stage and metastasis in HNC. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which mutated HRAS (HRASmut) facilitates HNC metastasis could lead to improved treatment options for patients. Here, we examined metastasis driven by mutant HRAS in vitro and in vivo using HRASmut human HNC cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, and a novel HRASmut syngeneic model. Genetic and pharmacological manipulations indicated that HRASmut was sufficient to drive invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Targeted proteomic analysis showed that HRASmut promoted AXL expression via suppressing the Hippo pathway and stabilizing YAP1 activity. Pharmacological blockade of HRAS signaling with the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib activated the Hippo pathway and reduced the nuclear export of YAP1, thus suppressing YAP1-mediated AXL expression and metastasis. AXL was required for HRASmut cells to migrate and invade in vitro and to form regional cLN and lung metastases in vivo. In addition, AXL-depleted HRASmut tumors displayed reduced lymphatic and vascular angiogenesis in the primary tumor. Tipifarnib treatment also regulated AXL expression and attenuated VEGFA and VEGFC expression, thus regulating tumor-induced vascular formation and metastasis. Our results indicate that YAP1 and AXL are crucial factors for HRASmut-induced metastasis and that tipifarnib treatment can limit the metastasis of HNC tumors with HRAS mutations by enhancing YAP1 cytoplasmic sequestration and downregulating AXL expression. SIGNIFICANCE Mutant HRAS drives metastasis of head and neck cancer by switching off the Hippo pathway to activate the YAP1-AXL axis and to stimulate lymphovascular angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Jagadeeshan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Manu Prasad
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Mai Badarni
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Talal Ben Lulu
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Vijayasteltar Belsamma Liju
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sooraj Mathukkada
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Claire Saunders
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Avital Beeri Shnerb
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jonathan Zorea
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ksenia M Yegodayev
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Monica Wainer
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Liza Vtorov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Irit Allon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Institute of Pathology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashqelon, Israel
| | - Ofir Cohen
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Translational Cancer Biology, Cancer Research Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan SS12/1A, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alan L Ho
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ari J Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Dexin Kong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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3
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Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most belligerent and frequent brain tumor in adults. Research over the past two decades has provided increased knowledge of the genomic and molecular landscape of GBM and highlighted the presence of a high degree of inter- and intratumor heterogeneity within the neoplastic compartment. It is now appreciated that GBMs are composed of multiple distinct and impressionable neoplastic and non-neoplastic cell types that form the unique brain tumor microenvironment (TME). Non-neoplastic cells in the TME form reciprocal interactions with neoplastic cells to promote tumor growth and invasion, and together they influence the tumor response to standard-of-care therapies as well as emerging immunotherapies. One of the most prevalent non-neoplastic cell types in the GBM TME are myeloid cells, the most abundant of which are of hematopoietic origin, including monocytes/monocyte-derived macrophages. Less abundant, although still a notable presence, are neutrophils of hematopoietic origin and intrinsic brain-resident microglia. In this Review we focus on neutrophils and monocytes that infiltrate tumors from the blood circulation, their heterogeneity, and their interactions with neoplastic cells and other non-neoplastic cells in the TME. We conclude with an overview of challenges in targeting these cells and discuss avenues for therapeutic exploitation to improve the dismal outcomes of patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, and,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, and,Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Gal O, Betzer O, Rousso-Noori L, Sadan T, Motiei M, Nikitin M, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Popovtzer R, Popovtzer A. Antibody Delivery into the Brain by Radiosensitizer Nanoparticles for Targeted Glioblastoma Therapy. J Nanotheranostics 2022; 3:177-188. [PMID: 36324626 PMCID: PMC7613745 DOI: 10.3390/jnt3040012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary brain malignancy in adults. Standard of care treatment, consisting of temozolomide (TMZ) and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT), mostly does not prevent local recurrence. The inability of drugs to enter the brain, in particular antibody-based drugs and radiosensitizers, is a crucial limitation to effective glioblastoma therapy. Methods Here, we developed a combined strategy using radiosensitizer gold nanoparticles coated with insulin to cross the blood-brain barrier and shuttle tumor-targeting antibodies (cetuximab) into the brain. Results Following intravenous injection to an orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model, the nanoparticles specifically accumulated within the tumor. Combining targeted nanoparticle injection with TMZ and RT standard of care significantly inhibited tumor growth and extended survival, as compared to standard of care alone. Histological analysis of tumors showed that the combined treatment eradicated tumor cells, and decreased tumor vascularization, proliferation, and repair. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate radiosensitizer nanoparticles that effectively deliver antibodies into the brain, target the tumor, and effectively improve standard of care treatment outcome in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Gal
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
| | - Oshra Betzer
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Liat Rousso-Noori
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tamar Sadan
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Menachem Motiei
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Maxim Nikitin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, MIPT, Dolgoprudny, 141701 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Aron Popovtzer
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-2-6777825
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5
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Sengupta S, Mondal M, Prasasvi KR, Mukherjee A, Magod P, Urbach S, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Marin P, Somasundaram K. Differentiated glioma cell-derived Fibromodulin activates Integrin-dependent Notch signaling in endothelial cells to promote tumor angiogenesis and growth. eLife 2022; 11:78972. [PMID: 35642785 PMCID: PMC9259034 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) alone can initiate and maintain tumors, but the function of non-cancer stem cells (non-CSCs) that form the tumor bulk remains poorly understood. Proteomic analysis showed a higher abundance of the extracellular matrix small leucine-rich proteoglycan fibromodulin (FMOD) in the conditioned medium of differentiated glioma cells (DGCs), the equivalent of glioma non-CSCs, compared to that of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). DGCs silenced for FMOD fail to cooperate with co-implanted GSCs to promote tumor growth. FMOD downregulation neither affects GSC growth and differentiation nor DGC growth and reprogramming in vitro. DGC-secreted FMOD promotes angiogenesis by activating integrin-dependent Notch signaling in endothelial cells. Furthermore, conditional silencing of FMOD in newly generated DGCs in vivo inhibits the growth of GSC-initiated tumors due to poorly developed vasculature and increases mouse survival. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that DGC-secreted FMOD promotes glioma tumor angiogenesis and growth through paracrine signaling in endothelial cells and identifies a DGC-produced protein as a potential therapeutic target in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreoshi Sengupta
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore, India
| | - Mainak Mondal
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore, India
| | - Kaval Reddy Prasasvi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore, India
| | - Arani Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore, India
| | - Prerna Magod
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Serge Urbach
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Philippe Marin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Kumaravel Somasundaram
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore, India
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6
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Rastelli L, Rajagopal S, Gajendran C, Sadhu NM, Mohd Z, Gosu R, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Kandan S, Birudukota S, S S, V K, Wahid S, Siddiqui A, Viswakarma S, Narayan A, G R, Mullurwar SR, Sher D, Mansur S, Sivanandhan D. Novel, small molecule inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.2597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2597 Background: Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) protein plays a key role in inhibiting immune responses and enhancing self-tolerance via modulation of T-cell activity, inducing T-cell apoptosis and inhibiting apoptosis of regulatory T cells. PD-L1 also plays an important role in various malignancies where it can attenuate the host immune response to tumor cells thereby favouring tumor progression and metastasis. High expression of PD-L1 in glioblastoma tumor tissues is associated with poor survival of patients, and PD-L1 may act as a prognostic predictor and an effective therapeutic target for glioblastoma. A number of monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have approved for various malignancies. Still, efficacy of these antibodies in glioblastoma and brain metastasis continues to be moderate potentially owing to lack of or poor brain penetrance of these agents. Therefore, there is still a need for potent, selective small molecule PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with enhanced brain penetration in the treatment of such cancers. Methods: Rational design approaches were used to design novel small molecule PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibitors; potency of these inhibitors was assessed in an in-vitro TR-FRET assay. Checkpoints signalling reporter assays as well cell based PD-L1 dimerization assays were used to assess the mechanistic and functional effects. In vivo efficacy was assessed in orthotopic GBM as well as in syngeneic and humanized subcutaneous tumor models in mice. Results: Our lead PD-L1 inhibitor JBI-2174 showed strong in vitro IC50 of ̃1 nM in TR-FRET assay that measures interaction between hPD-1 and hPD-L1 and a picomolar IC50 against monkey PD-L1. In selectivity assays for immunooncology targets, JBI-2174 was highly selective for PD-L1. JBI-2174 also inhibited PD-L1/PD-1 mediated signalling essential for T-cell modulation. JBI-2174 induced dimerization of PD-L1 as observed by size exclusion chromatography, which was confirmed by co-crystal structure and recapitulated in cell based dimerization assay. Elucidation of the co-crystal structure, clearly demonstrated that JBI-2174 clearly interacts with multiple amino acids on PD-L1 that are critical for PD-1 binding. JBI-2174 showed excellent oral bioavailability across pre-clinical species and sustained brain exposure. In the in vivo efficacy studies, JBI-2174 showed comparable efficacy to the anti-PD-L1 antibody or Atezolizumab in syngeneic (4T1, CT-26) and in partially humanized models (MC-38/hPD-L1). Further, oral administration of JBI-2174 resulted in statistically significant increase in survival (Day 27 in control vs day 38 in treated, p < 0.05) in a mouse glioma orthotopic model. Conclusions: The oral bioavailability and brain exposure of this molecule will make it attractive for cancers with unmet medical needs such as GBM and brain metastasis. IND enabling studies are being initiated for this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rudresh G
- Jubilant Therapeutics, Bedminster, NJ
| | | | - Divsha Sher
- Sagol School of Neuroscience Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shahar Mansur
- Sagol School of Neuroscience Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv, Israel
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7
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Mastandrea I, Sher D, Magod P, Friedmann-Morvinski D. Isolation and characterization of the immune cell fraction from murine brain tumor microenvironment. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101106. [PMID: 35098162 PMCID: PMC8783153 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Mastandrea
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Corresponding author
| | - Divsha Sher
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Prerna Magod
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Corresponding author
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8
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Magod P, Mastandrea I, Rousso-Noori L, Agemy L, Shapira G, Shomron N, Friedmann-Morvinski D. Exploring the longitudinal glioma microenvironment landscape uncovers reprogrammed pro-tumorigenic neutrophils in the bone marrow. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109480. [PMID: 34348160 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent multi-omics studies show different immune tumor microenvironment (TME) compositions in glioblastoma (GBM). However, temporal comprehensive knowledge of the TME from initiation of the disease remains sparse. We use Cre recombinase (Cre)-inducible lentiviral murine GBM models to compare the cellular evolution of the immune TME in tumors initiated from different oncogenic drivers. We show that neutrophils infiltrate early during tumor progression primarily in the mesenchymal GBM model. Depleting neutrophils in vivo at the onset of disease accelerates tumor growth and reduces the median overall survival time of mice. We show that, as a tumor progresses, bone marrow-derived neutrophils are skewed toward a phenotype associated with pro-tumorigenic processes. Our findings suggest that GBM can remotely regulate systemic myeloid differentiation in the bone marrow to generate neutrophils pre-committed to a tumor-supportive phenotype. This work reveals plasticity in the systemic immune host microenvironment, suggesting an additional point of intervention in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Magod
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ignacio Mastandrea
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Liat Rousso-Noori
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Lilach Agemy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Guy Shapira
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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9
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Yeini E, Ofek P, Pozzi S, Albeck N, Ben-Shushan D, Tiram G, Golan S, Kleiner R, Sheinin R, Reich-Zeliger S, Grossman R, Ram Z, Brem H, Hyde T, Magod P, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Madi A, Satchi-Fainaro R. Abstract 2716: P-selectin axis plays a key role in microglia immunophenotype and glioblastoma progression. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-2716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive type of brain cancer with high mortality rate. It is a highly angiogenic tumor exhibiting an extremely invasive nature. As such, its brain microenvironment plays a crucial role in its progression. Microglia are the brain resident immune cells which have been shown to facilitate GB cell invasion and immune suppression. The mechanism by which GB cells alter microglia behavior is yet to be fully understood. One proposed mechanism involves adhesion molecules such as the Selectins family of proteins which are expressed on the surface of endothelial and immune cells and are involved in immune modulation and cancer immunity. We have previously shown that P-Selectin (SELP) is expressed by GB cells. Here, we investigated the factional role of SELP in GB-microglia interactions. First, we found that microglia cells facilitate the expression and secretion of SELP by GB cells, and that GB cells facilitate the expression of P-Selectin ligand by microglia. We then showed that SELP mediates microglia-enhanced GB invasion and proliferation in 2D and 3D in vitro models and has a role in microglia activation state. These findings were validated in vivo, showing that inhibition or downregulation of SELP leads to reduced tumor growth, increased overall survival and improved immune response. Single-Cells RNA-seq analysis of the tumors revealed an increase in pro-inflammatory microglia signature, reduction in cancer cell tumorigenesis potential and improved T cell activation. Our results indicated that SELP has an important role in GB progression and microenvironment activation. This work can improve our understanding of tumor-associated microglia function and the mechanisms by which GB cells suppress the immune system and invade the brain tissue.
Citation Format: Eilam Yeini, Paula Ofek, Sabina Pozzi, Nitzan Albeck, Dikla Ben-Shushan, Galia Tiram, Sapir Golan, Ron Kleiner, Ron Sheinin, Shlomit Reich-Zeliger, Rachel Grossman, Zvi Ram, Henry Brem, Thomas Hyde, Prerna Magod, Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski, Asaf Madi, Ronit Satchi-Fainaro. P-selectin axis plays a key role in microglia immunophenotype and glioblastoma progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2716.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zvi Ram
- 3Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Henry Brem
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas Hyde
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Asaf Madi
- 1Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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10
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Zohar O, Moshe I, Britta I, Jones DT, Friedmann-Morvinski D. Abstract 3042: Generation, characterization and functional validation of novel preclinical models for human pediatric glioma. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumors of the central nervous system are the most common form of childhood malignancy, and remain the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in children. Despite extensive efforts, the efficacy of the traditional treatments is limited and the overall prognosis is poor. In recent years it has become apparent that pediatric gliomas differ from their adult counterparts, explaining in part why the therapies extrapolated from adult gliomas have failed, and further supporting the need to understand the biology of the childhood disease. Deep sequencing studies on brain tumor specimens within various cancer genome consortia (e.g. ICGC PedBrain, TCGA) has yielded a wealth of information about molecular aberrations that had accumulated in tumors. This has unravelled a considerable degree of heterogeneity and thus resulted in the delineation of different molecular subgroups. Furthermore, it has provided comprehensive insights into tumor genomes deduction. Nevertheless, validation of oncogenically relevant genes and therapeutically actionable targets in an in vivo context still remains a major challenge in the process of developing novel treatment approaches. We have generated state-of-the-art in vivo methodologies based on somatic gene transfer for generating animal models faithfully recapitulating the molecular and clinical characteristics of the respective human counterpart. In this study, we focused on NTRK2 fusions and FGFR1 mutations and characterized the tumors obtained by either in utero electroporation or lentiviral injection into postnatal (P0-P1) mice. Tumor derived cell lines grown in stem cell media were tested for conventional therapies (e.g. TMZ) and screening of available small inhibitor compounds. In addition, we have characterized the tumor microenvironment of these lesions, mainly the infiltrating immune cell populations. This study thus represents an important contribution to the understanding of pediatric glioma biology as well as to translational efforts in developing new treatment approaches for these malignant tumors.
Citation Format: Or Zohar, Itai Moshe, Ismer Britta, David T. Jones, Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski. Generation, characterization and functional validation of novel preclinical models for human pediatric glioma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 3042.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Zohar
- 1Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Ismer Britta
- 2German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T. Jones
- 2German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Rousso-Noori L, Mastandrea I, Talmor S, Waks T, Globerson Levin A, Haugas M, Teesalu T, Alvarez-Vallina L, Eshhar Z, Friedmann-Morvinski D. P32-specific CAR T cells with dual antitumor and antiangiogenic therapeutic potential in gliomas. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3615. [PMID: 34127674 PMCID: PMC8203650 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is considered one of the most aggressive malignancies in adult and pediatric patients. Despite decades of research no curative treatment is available and it thus remains associated with a very dismal prognosis. Although recent pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the feasibility of chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T cell immunotherapeutic approach in glioblastoma, tumor heterogeneity and antigen loss remain among one of the most important challenges to be addressed. In this study, we identify p32/gC1qR/HABP/C1qBP to be specifically expressed on the surface of glioma cells, making it a suitable tumor associated antigen for redirected CAR T cell therapy. We generate p32 CAR T cells and find them to recognize and specifically eliminate p32 expressing glioma cells and tumor derived endothelial cells in vitro and to control tumor growth in orthotopic syngeneic and xenograft mouse models. Thus, p32 CAR T cells may serve as a therapeutic option for glioblastoma patients. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been proposed as a promising approach for treating glioblastoma. Here the authors show that p32 is expressed in murine and human glioma and that p32-directed CAR-T cells promote anti-tumor responses in preclinical models by targeting glioma cells and tumor derived endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Rousso-Noori
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ignacio Mastandrea
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shauli Talmor
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tova Waks
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (TASMC), Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Maarja Haugas
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tambet Teesalu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Luis Alvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zelig Eshhar
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (TASMC), Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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12
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Yeini E, Ofek P, Pozzi S, Albeck N, Ben-Shushan D, Tiram G, Golan S, Kleiner R, Sheinin R, Israeli Dangoor S, Reich-Zeliger S, Grossman R, Ram Z, Brem H, Hyde TM, Magod P, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Madi A, Satchi-Fainaro R. P-selectin axis plays a key role in microglia immunophenotype and glioblastoma progression. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1912. [PMID: 33771989 PMCID: PMC7997963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is a highly invasive type of brain cancer exhibiting poor prognosis. As such, its microenvironment plays a crucial role in its progression. Among the brain stromal cells, the microglia were shown to facilitate GB invasion and immunosuppression. However, the reciprocal mechanisms by which GB cells alter microglia/macrophages behavior are not fully understood. We propose that these mechanisms involve adhesion molecules such as the Selectins family. These proteins are involved in immune modulation and cancer immunity. We show that P-selectin mediates microglia-enhanced GB proliferation and invasion by altering microglia/macrophages activation state. We demonstrate these findings by pharmacological and molecular inhibition of P-selectin which leads to reduced tumor growth and increased survival in GB mouse models. Our work sheds light on tumor-associated microglia/macrophage function and the mechanisms by which GB cells suppress the immune system and invade the brain, paving the way to exploit P-selectin as a target for GB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilam Yeini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paula Ofek
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nitzan Albeck
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dikla Ben-Shushan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Tiram
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sapir Golan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ron Kleiner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ron Sheinin
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sahar Israeli Dangoor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Rachel Grossman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvi Ram
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Prerna Magod
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Sherman Building, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Sherman Building, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Asaf Madi
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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13
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Rosenblum D, Gutkin A, Kedmi R, Ramishetti S, Veiga N, Jacobi AM, Schubert MS, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Cohen ZR, Behlke MA, Lieberman J, Peer D. CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing using targeted lipid nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/47/eabc9450. [PMID: 33208369 PMCID: PMC7673804 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc9450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing CRISPR-Cas9 technology for cancer therapeutics has been hampered by low editing efficiency in tumors and potential toxicity of existing delivery systems. Here, we describe a safe and efficient lipid nanoparticle (LNP) for the delivery of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNAs that use a novel amino-ionizable lipid. A single intracerebral injection of CRISPR-LNPs against PLK1 (sgPLK1-cLNPs) into aggressive orthotopic glioblastoma enabled up to ~70% gene editing in vivo, which caused tumor cell apoptosis, inhibited tumor growth by 50%, and improved survival by 30%. To reach disseminated tumors, cLNPs were also engineered for antibody-targeted delivery. Intraperitoneal injections of EGFR-targeted sgPLK1-cLNPs caused their selective uptake into disseminated ovarian tumors, enabled up to ~80% gene editing in vivo, inhibited tumor growth, and increased survival by 80%. The ability to disrupt gene expression in vivo in tumors opens new avenues for cancer treatment and research and potential applications for targeted gene editing of noncancerous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rosenblum
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Gutkin
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ranit Kedmi
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Srinivas Ramishetti
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nuphar Veiga
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvi R Cohen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Mark A Behlke
- Integrated DNA Technologies Inc., Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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14
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Angel I, Pilo Kerman O, Rousso-Noori L, Friedmann-Morvinski D. Tenascin C promotes cancer cell plasticity in mesenchymal glioblastoma. Oncogene 2020; 39:6990-7004. [PMID: 33077835 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interconversion of transformed non-stem cells to cancer stem cells, termed cancer cell plasticity, contributes to intra-tumor heterogeneity and its molecular mechanisms are currently unknown. Here, we have identified Tenascin C (TNC) to be upregulated and secreted in mesenchymal glioblastoma (MES GBM) subtype with high NF-κB signaling activity. Silencing TNC decreases proliferation, migration and suppresses self-renewal of glioma stem cells. Loss of TNC in MES GBM compromises de-differentiation of transformed astrocytes and blocks the ability of glioma stem cells to differentiate into tumor derived endothelial cells (TDEC). Inhibition of NF-κB activity or TNC knockdown in tumor cells decreased their tumorigenic potential in vivo. Our results uncover a link between NF-κB activation in MES GBM and high levels of TNC in GBM extracellular matrix. We suggest that TNC plays an important role in the autocrine regulation of glioma cell plasticity and hence can be a potential molecular target for MES GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Angel
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Ori Pilo Kerman
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Liat Rousso-Noori
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel. .,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
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15
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Kand D, Liu P, Navarro MX, Fischer LJ, Rousso-Noori L, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Winter AH, Miller EW, Weinstain R. Water-Soluble BODIPY Photocages with Tunable Cellular Localization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4970-4974. [PMID: 32115942 PMCID: PMC7302507 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Photoactivation of
bioactive molecules allows manipulation of cellular
processes with high spatiotemporal precision. The recent emergence
of visible-light excitable photoprotecting groups has the potential
to further expand the established utility of the photoactivation strategy
in biological applications by offering higher tissue penetration,
diminished phototoxicity, and compatibility with other light-dependent
techniques. Nevertheless, a critical barrier to such applications
remains the significant hydrophobicity of most visible-light excitable
photocaging groups. Here, we find that applying the conventional 2,6-sulfonation
to meso-methyl BODIPY photocages is incompatible
with their photoreaction due to an increase in the excited state barrier
for photorelease. We present a simple, remote sulfonation solution
to BODIPY photocages that imparts water solubility and provides control
over cellular permeability while retaining their favorable spectroscopic
and photoreaction properties. Peripherally disulfonated BODIPY photocages
are cell impermeable, making them useful for modulation of cell-surface
receptors, while monosulfonated BODIPY retains the ability to cross
the cellular membrane and can modulate intracellular targets. This
new approach is generalizable for controlling BODIPY localization
and was validated by sensitization of mammalian cells and neurons
by visible-light photoactivation of signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Logan J Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | | | | | - Arthur H Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
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16
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Moshe I, Zohar O, Ismer B, Rousso-Noori L, Jones D, Friedmann-Morvinski D. Characterization and pre-clinical modeling of genetic aberrations in pediatric gliomas. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz243.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Margalit S, Avraham S, Shahal T, Michaeli Y, Gilat N, Magod P, Caspi M, Loewenstein S, Lahat G, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Kariv R, Rosin-Arbesfeld R, Zirkin S, Ebenstein Y. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine as a clinical biomarker: Fluorescence-based assay for high-throughput epigenetic quantification in human tissues. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:115-122. [PMID: 31211411 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic transformations may provide early indicators for cancer and other disease. Specifically, the amount of genomic 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was shown to be globally reduced in a wide range of cancers. The integration of this global biomarker into diagnostic workflows is hampered by the limitations of current 5-hmC quantification methods. Here we present and validate a fluorescence-based platform for high-throughput and cost-effective quantification of global genomic 5-hmC levels. We utilized the assay to characterize cancerous tissues based on their 5-hmC content, and observed a pronounced reduction in 5-hmC level in various cancer types. We present data for glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and pancreatic cancer, compared to corresponding controls. Potentially, the technique could also be used to follow response to treatment for personalized treatment selection. We present initial proof-of-concept data for treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapir Margalit
- School of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sigal Avraham
- School of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Shahal
- School of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Michaeli
- School of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noa Gilat
- School of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Prerna Magod
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Caspi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shelly Loewenstein
- Department of Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Lahat
- Department of Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Revital Kariv
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rina Rosin-Arbesfeld
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shahar Zirkin
- School of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Ebenstein
- School of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Friedmann-Morvinski D, Magod P, Agemy L, Rousso-Noori L. Immune microenvironment landscape and the role of neutrophils in glioblastoma. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.135.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive, highly invasive primary brain tumor with near total fatality. Using a Cre-inducible lentiviral GBM mouse model we previously showed that gliomas can originate from terminally differentiated neurons and astrocytes, which can dedifferentiate to a stem cell-like state upon transformation. We believe that the tumor microenvironment (TME) may contribute to the process of tumor reprogramming. Although the majority of infiltrating cells in the tumor are peripheral macrophages and microglia, recent appreciation of the effects of neutrophils in cancer directed our efforts in understanding their role in GBM.
Flow cytometry analysis revealed differences in the brain TME of both the innate and adaptive immune populations compared to healthy brain tissue, changes were also seen in spleen and bone marrow even at early stages of GBM development. The neutrophils population varies not only at different time-points but also between tumor subtypes. We believe neutrophils switch from anti-tumor to pro-tumor phenotype. Depletion of neutrophils right before tumor initiation accelerated the onset of the disease while co-transplantation of equal ratio of glioma cells and naïve neutrophils delayed the initiation of tumors lesions. In-vitro assays showed higher migration and formation of neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) on exposure to glioma cells condition media or glioma derived exosomes. Our findings suggest neutrophils play a role in tumor initiation and progression, and further understanding the transition of neutrophils from anti-tumor to pro-tumor phenotype will shed light into new strategies to treat GBM.
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19
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Mazor R, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Alsaigh T, Kleifeld O, Kistler EB, Rousso-Noori L, Huang C, Li JB, Verma IM, Schmid-Schönbein GW. Cleavage of the leptin receptor by matrix metalloproteinase-2 promotes leptin resistance and obesity in mice. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaah6324. [PMID: 30135249 PMCID: PMC9678493 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aah6324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and related morbidities pose a major health threat. Obesity is associated with increased blood concentrations of the anorexigenic hormone leptin; however, obese individuals are resistant to its anorexigenic effects. We examined the phenomenon of reduced leptin signaling in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model in mice. Obesity promoted matrix metalloproteinase-2 (Mmp-2) activation in the hypothalamus, which cleaved the leptin receptor's extracellular domain and impaired leptin-mediated signaling. Deletion of Mmp-2 restored leptin receptor expression and reduced circulating leptin concentrations in obese mice. Lentiviral delivery of short hairpin RNA to silence Mmp-2 in the hypothalamus of wild-type mice prevented leptin receptor cleavage and reduced fat accumulation. In contrast, lentiviral delivery of Mmp-2 in the hypothalamus of Mmp-2-/- mice promoted leptin receptor cleavage and higher body weight. In a genetic mouse model of obesity, transduction of cleavage-resistant leptin receptor in the hypothalamus reduced the rate of weight gain compared to uninfected mice or mice infected with the wild-type receptor. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that astrocytes and agouti-related peptide neurons were responsible for Mmp-2 secretion in mice fed a high-fat diet. These results suggest a mechanism for leptin resistance through activation of Mmp-2 and subsequent cleavage of the extracellular domain of the leptin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafi Mazor
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tom Alsaigh
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Erik B Kistler
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liat Rousso-Noori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Joyce B Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Inder M Verma
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Geert W Schmid-Schönbein
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Ismer B, Moshe I, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Jones DTW. PCLN-01. GENERATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT OF NOVEL MURINE MODELS FOR HUMAN PEDIATRIC GLIOMA. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Ismer
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Ilouz R, Lev-Ram V, Bushong EA, Stiles TL, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Douglas C, Goldberg JL, Ellisman MH, Taylor SS. Isoform-specific subcellular localization and function of protein kinase A identified by mosaic imaging of mouse brain. eLife 2017; 6:17681. [PMID: 28079521 PMCID: PMC5300705 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) plays critical roles in neuronal function that are mediated by different regulatory (R) subunits. Deficiency in either the RIβ or the RIIβ subunit results in distinct neuronal phenotypes. Although RIβ contributes to synaptic plasticity, it is the least studied isoform. Using isoform-specific antibodies, we generated high-resolution large-scale immunohistochemical mosaic images of mouse brain that provided global views of several brain regions, including the hippocampus and cerebellum. The isoforms concentrate in discrete brain regions, and we were able to zoom-in to show distinct patterns of subcellular localization. RIβ is enriched in dendrites and co-localizes with MAP2, whereas RIIβ is concentrated in axons. Using correlated light and electron microscopy, we confirmed the mitochondrial and nuclear localization of RIβ in cultured neurons. To show the functional significance of nuclear localization, we demonstrated that downregulation of RIβ, but not of RIIβ, decreased CREB phosphorylation. Our study reveals how PKA isoform specificity is defined by precise localization. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17681.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Ilouz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Varda Lev-Ram
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Eric A Bushong
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Travis L Stiles
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Christopher Douglas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, United States
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
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22
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Hirbe AC, Dahiya S, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Verma IM, Clapp DW, Gutmann DH. Spatially- and temporally-controlled postnatal p53 knockdown cooperates with embryonic Schwann cell precursor Nf1 gene loss to promote malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor formation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7403-14. [PMID: 26859681 PMCID: PMC4884927 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are highly aggressive sarcomas that arise sporadically or in association with the Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome. In individuals with NF1, MPNSTs are hypothesized to arise from Nf1-deficient Schwann cell precursor cells following the somatic acquisition of secondary cooperating genetic mutations (e.g., p53 loss). To model this sequential genetic cooperativity, we coupled somatic lentivirus-mediated p53 knockdown in the adult right sciatic nerve with embryonic Schwann cell precursor Nf1 gene inactivation in two different Nf1 conditional knockout mouse strains. Using this approach, ∼60% of mice with Periostin-Cre-mediated Nf1 gene inactivation (Periostin-Cre; Nf1flox/flox mice) developed tumors classified as low-grade MPNSTs following p53 knockdown (mean, 6 months). Similarly, ∼70% of Nf1+/− mice with GFAP-Cre-mediated Nf1 gene inactivation (GFAP-Cre; Nf1flox/null mice) developed low-grade MPNSTs following p53 knockdown (mean, 3 months). In addition, wild-type and Nf1+/− mice with GFAP-Cre-mediated Nf1 loss develop MPNSTs following somatic p53 knockout with different latencies, suggesting potential influences of Nf1+/− stromal cells in MPNST pathogenesis. Collectively, this new MPNST model system permits the analysis of somatically-acquired events as well as tumor microenvironment signals that potentially cooperate with Nf1 loss in the development and progression of this deadly malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Hirbe
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sonika Dahiya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Inder M Verma
- The Salk Institute of Biological Studies, Laboratory of Genetics, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D Wade Clapp
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Rousso-Noori L, Kerman OP, Talmor S, Magod P, Friedmann-Morvinski D. Glioma cell-of-origin and tumor cell plasticity. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Friedmann-Morvinski D, Narasimamurthy R, Xia Y, Myskiw C, Soda Y, Verma IM. Targeting NF-κB in glioblastoma: A therapeutic approach. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1501292. [PMID: 26824076 PMCID: PMC4730860 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal form of intracranial tumor. We have established a lentivirus-induced mouse model of malignant gliomas, which faithfully captures the pathophysiology and molecular signature of mesenchymal human GBM. RNA-Seq analysis of these tumors revealed high nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation showing enrichment of known NF-κB target genes. Inhibition of NF-κB by either depletion of IκB kinase 2 (IKK2), expression of a IκBαM super repressor, or using a NEMO (NF-κB essential modifier)-binding domain (NBD) peptide in tumor-derived cell lines attenuated tumor proliferation and prolonged mouse survival. Timp1, one of the NF-κB target genes significantly up-regulated in GBM, was identified to play a role in tumor proliferation and growth. Inhibition of NF-κB activity or silencing of Timp1 resulted in slower tumor growth in both mouse and human GBM models. Our results suggest that inhibition of NF-κB activity or targeting of inducible NF-κB genes is an attractive therapeutic approach for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Rajesh Narasimamurthy
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yifeng Xia
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chad Myskiw
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yasushi Soda
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Inder M. Verma
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Friedmann-Morvinski D, Narasimamurthy R, Xia Y, Myskiw C, Soda Y, Verma IM. Abstract A19: Role of NF-κB and gene targets of NF-κB in glioma cell plasticity. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.brain15-a19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal form of intracranial tumor. In the last century we have accumulated tremendous amounts of data on this type of cancer, but despite extensive study, few therapeutic targets have been identified for GBM. We have established a lentiviral-induced mouse model of malignant gliomas, which faithfully captures the pathophysiology and molecular signatures of human GBM. RNAseq analysis of these tumors revealed high NFκB activation showing enrichment of known NFκB target genes. Depletion of IKK2 in tumor derived cell lines attenuated tumor proliferation and prolonged mouse survival. We have previously shown that gliomas can originate by reprograming/dedifferentiation of terminally differentiated astrocytes and neurons following oncogenic insult. This tumor cell plasticity seems to be impaired when either cortical astrocytes or neurons derived from floxed-IKK2 mice are infected with a lentivirus expressing HRAS-iresCREerT2-shp53. The addition of tamoxifen to the infected cells induces IKK2 depletion and blocks the reprogramming process, manifested by inhibition of tumorspheres formation and retention of differentiation makers. When these cells are transplanted into mice, the control group (vehicle treated) succumbs to the disease, while induction of IKK2 depletion in the tamoxifen treated group (20 days post-transplantation) significantly prolonged the mice survival. Activation of NFκB requires the activity of IκB kinase (IKK) complex containing IKKα and IKKβ, and the regulatory protein NFκB essential modifier (NEMO). We tested a peptide corresponding to the NEMO-binding domain (NBD) of IKKα(IKK1) or IKKβ(IKK2), to specifically inhibit the induction of NFκB activation, and the mice treated with NBDwt peptide showed long-term survival compared to NBDmut control. We propose targeting the NFκB pathway as an attractive therapeutic strategy to treat GBM.
Citation Format: Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski, Rajesh Narasimamurthy, Yifeng Xia, Chad Myskiw, Yasushi Soda, Inder M. Verma. Role of NF-κB and gene targets of NF-κB in glioma cell plasticity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Brain Cancer Research; May 27-30, 2015; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(23 Suppl):Abstract nr A19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yifeng Xia
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Chad Myskiw
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yasushi Soda
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
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Ben-Gedalya T, Moll L, Bejerano-Sagie M, Frere S, Cabral WA, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Slutsky I, Burstyn-Cohen T, Marini JC, Cohen E. Alzheimer's disease-causing proline substitutions lead to presenilin 1 aggregation and malfunction. EMBO J 2015; 34:2820-39. [PMID: 26438723 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Do different neurodegenerative maladies emanate from the failure of a mutual protein folding mechanism? We have addressed this question by comparing mutational patterns that are linked to the manifestation of distinct neurodegenerative disorders and identified similar neurodegeneration-linked proline substitutions in the prion protein and in presenilin 1 that underlie the development of a prion disorder and of familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD), respectively. These substitutions were found to prevent the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperone, cyclophilin B, from assisting presenilin 1 to fold properly, leading to its aggregation, deposition in the ER, reduction of γ-secretase activity, and impaired mitochondrial distribution and function. Similarly, reduced quantities of the processed, active presenilin 1 were observed in brains of cyclophilin B knockout mice. These discoveries imply that reduced cyclophilin activity contributes to the development of distinct neurodegenerative disorders, propose a novel mechanism for the development of certain fAD cases, and support the emerging theme that this disorder can stem from aberrant presenilin 1 function. This study also points at ER chaperones as targets for the development of counter-neurodegeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tziona Ben-Gedalya
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lorna Moll
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Bejerano-Sagie
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Samuel Frere
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Wayne A Cabral
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Inna Slutsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Burstyn-Cohen
- Institute for Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine Hebrew University - Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joan C Marini
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ehud Cohen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oded Singer
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies; La Jolla California
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28
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Myskiw C, Kadri S, Ke E, Shishkin A, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Soda Y, Guttman M, Verma I. Abstract 524: Analysis of long non-coding RNA expression and function in a mouse model of glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common adult brain tumor and represents one of the most treatment refractory cancers. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the coding genomic alterations associated with GBM, patient survival rarely exceeds 12-14 months following diagnosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA species generally classified as > 200 base-pairs in length that lack protein coding potential and therefore exert their function as RNA. Several lncRNAs have been shown to play important roles in cancer biology. Despite this, the role of lncRNAs in cancer, and GBM in particular, remains relatively uncharacterized. We hypothesize that lncRNAs are differentially expressed in GBM and contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease.
Using next generation sequencing, we have identified lncRNAs expressed in our mouse model of GBM, initiated by lentivirus-mediated expression of oncogenic Ras and a shRNA targeting p53. This resulted in the identification of 818 putative lncRNAs, the majority of which represent novel, uncharacterized transcripts. The majority of the lncRNAs identified were intergenic and not associated with any known protein coding gene. Of the total lncRNAs, 44% were differentially expressed in tumor tissue compared to normal mouse brain. Expression of a subset of these differentially expressed lncRNAs was validated by real-time PCR. Expression of several of these validated lncRNAs could be altered by direct activation of oncogenic signaling in normal mouse neuroprogenitor cells and astrocytes. Using a combination of computational and molecular biology approaches, we will identify candidate lncRNAs to test in functional assays for their role in glioblastoma biology.
Citation Format: Chad Myskiw, Sabah Kadri, Eugene Ke, Alex Shishkin, Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski, Yasushi Soda, Mitchell Guttman, Inder Verma. Analysis of long non-coding RNA expression and function in a mouse model of glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 524. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-524
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Friedmann-Morvinski D, Bhargava V, Gupta S, Verma IM, Subramaniam S. Abstract 1914: Functional characterization of oncogenic-induced dedifferentiation in neurons and astrocytes using DP-seq. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal form of intracranial tumor. Using a Cre-inducible lentiviral GBM mouse model we recently showed that gliomas can originate from dedifferentiation of mature neurons and astrocytes. Expression analysis of the known markers (of the differentiated cell-types) showed diminished expression while the expression of the undifferentiated state markers were significantly up-regulated in the dedifferentiated transformed neurons and astrocytes. In this study, we performed whole transcriptome analysis of these cells along with mouse pluripotent embryonic stem cells (mESC), neural stem cells (NSC), neurons and astrocytes to characterize the undifferentiated state of these cells. Our analysis revealed that dedifferentiated cell-types shared traits with neurons and NSCs at the global transcriptome level suggesting that they have retained memory of their cell-of-origin and share markers of undifferentiated cells with NSCs. Functional analysis of the transcriptomics data revealed involvement of the Wnt signaling, cell cycle and the focal adhesion pathways in defining the state of the dedifferentiated cell-types. Our analysis further revealed conservation of a gene interaction network in both dedifferentiated cell-types. This network exhibited a modular architecture, connecting components of the cell cycle pathway to Wnt signaling and the focal adhesion pathways. One of these components, Osteopontin (OPN), also known as Spp1, is highly expressed and secreted by the tumors and dedifferentiated transformed neurons and astrocytes. Attempts to inhibit the action of OPN, either by using a neutralizing antibody or silencing the OPN gene (shRNA), blocked the formation of tumorspheres and diminished their proliferating capacity. We are currently assessing the effects of the inhibition of OPN function in vivo.
Further genetic perturbation of additional interacting partners and/or the abolishment of the interactions can help elucidate the regulatory mechanism of this network in maintaining the dedifferentiated state of the transformed neurons and astrocytes.
Citation Format: Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski, Vipul Bhargava, Shakti Gupta, Inder M. Verma, Shankar Subramaniam. Functional characterization of oncogenic-induced dedifferentiation in neurons and astrocytes using DP-seq. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1914. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1914
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shakti Gupta
- 2University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Niola F, Zhao X, Singh D, Sullivan R, Castano A, Verrico A, Zoppoli P, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Sulman E, Barrett L, Zhuang Y, Verma I, Benezra R, Aldape K, Iavarone A, Lasorella A. Mesenchymal high-grade glioma is maintained by the ID-RAP1 axis. J Clin Invest 2014. [DOI: 10.1172/jci77927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
Regenerative medicine aims to replace the lost or damaged cells in the human body through a new source of healthy transplanted cells or by endogenous repair. Although human embryonic stem cells were first thought to be the ideal source for cell therapy and tissue repair in humans, the discovery by Yamanaka and colleagues revolutionized the field. Almost any differentiated cell can be sent back in time to a pluripotency state by expressing the appropriate transcription factors. The process of somatic reprogramming using Yamanaka factors, many of which are oncogenes, offers a glimpse into how cancer stem cells may originate. In this review we discuss the similarities between tumor dedifferentiation and somatic cell reprogramming and how this may pose a risk to the application of this new technology in regenerative medicine.
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Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumor. It represents one of the deadliest human cancers, with an average survival at diagnosis of about 1 year. This poor prognosis is due to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence after surgical removal. One of the most important hallmarks of GBM is tumor heterogeneity. Intertumor heterogeneity is mostly characterized by distinct genetic alterations that occur in individual tumors originating in the same organ and allows the classification of these tumors into different molecular subtypes. Intratumor heterogeneity-the diversity within individual tumors-has become the focus of research interest in the past few years, and tumor cell plasticity as a new source of cancer stem cells has added another level of complexity to this phenomenon. This review describes the molecular heterogeneity of GBMs at the transcriptome level and the expression profile-based classification of histopathologically indistinguishable tumors into different subtypes. In addition, the role of dedifferentiation of tumor cells into a stem cell-like state is discussed as a source of cellular heterogeneity within tumors, highlighting tumor cell plasticity as an important driver of GBM heterogeneity. Understanding tumor heterogeneity will help design better therapies against GBM and avoid tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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33
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Agemy L, Kotamraju VR, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Sharma S, Sugahara KN, Ruoslahti E. Proapoptotic peptide-mediated cancer therapy targeted to cell surface p32. Mol Ther 2013; 21:2195-204. [PMID: 23959073 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy is a promising new treatment modality for cancer, but it generally produces only transient tumor regression. We have previously devised a tumor-targeted nanosystem, in which a pentapeptide, CGKRK, delivers a proapoptotic peptide into the mitochondria of tumor blood vessel endothelial cells and tumor cells. The treatment was highly effective in glioblastoma mouse models completely refractory to other antiangiogenic treatments. Here, we identify p32/gC1qR/HABP, a mitochondrial protein that is also expressed at the cell surface of activated (angiogenic) endothelial cells and tumor cells, as a receptor for the CGKRK peptide. The results demonstrate the ability of p32 to cause internalization of a payload bound to p32 into the cytoplasm. We also show that nardilysin, a protease capable of cleaving CGKRK, plays a role in the internalization of a p32-bound payload. As p32 is overexpressed and surface displayed in breast cancers, we studied the efficacy of the nanosystem in this cancer. We show highly significant treatment results in an orthotopic model of breast cancer. The specificity of cell surface p32 for tumor-associated cells, its ability to carry payloads to mitochondria, and the efficacy of the system in important types of cancer make the nanosystem a promising candidate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Agemy
- 1] Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA [2] Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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Krona CC, Boubaker J, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Wong A, McAlonis-Downes M, Koller E, Kim AS, Hung G, Rigo F, Chun S, Vitre B, Bennett F, Verma I, Cleveland DW. Abstract 3302: Antisense oligonucleotide depletion of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 by direct delivery to the brain could be a useful strategy for treating glioma tumors. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To date, all approved chemotherapeutic agents which target the mitotic cell division interfere with spindle microtubule dynamics, leading to mitotic arrest and apoptosis. While effective, these drugs are subject to resistance mechanisms and they are also associated with a variety of side effects, including neurotoxicity. Their use in treating nervous system tumors is therefore not warranted.
One strategy to target mitosis, without damaging microtubules in non-dividing neurons, would be to inhibit key mitotic components, such as the mitotic kinesin Eg5, which is required for establishing a normal bipolar mitotic spindle. We have shown that glioblastoma cells depleted for Eg5 arrest in the next mitosis. After a prolonged arrest, they may slip out and become multinucleated, which will likely prevent further successful divisions or they may go into apoptosis. Further, mitotic arrest and induction of apoptosis in Eg5 depleted glioblastoma cells occur independent of p53, Rb-signalling and the PI3K-pathway suggesting that Eg5 is a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma patients with different underlying genetic abnormalities
We have also tested the clinical feasibility of using a cell cycle targeting antisense oligonucleotide based therapy delivered directly to the central nervous system (CNS) as a novel treatment for glioblastoma tumors.
This work has demonstrated that intraventricular administration of ASOs can efficiently target cells in the CNS and be delivered to glioma-initiating neural stem cells transplanted into the cortex of naïve mice as well as to glioblastoma tumors in a genetically predisposed mouse model. This strategy is therefore a potential route of administration for treating glioblastoma tumors which originate in the CNS. Direct targeting of mitotic components in the brain should have a limited toxicity to non-cycling neurons and as a benefit, as long as the blood-brain barrier is intact direct CNS delivery should have minimal dose-limiting toxicity outside of the CNS. Ongoing studies will determine the effect of Eg5 inhibition on glioblastoma growth in vivo.
Citation Format: Cecilia C. Krona, Jihane Boubaker, Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski, Alex Wong, Melissa McAlonis-Downes, Erich Koller, Aneeza S. Kim, Gene Hung, Frank Rigo, Seung Chun, Benjamin Vitre, Frank Bennett, Inder Verma, Don W. Cleveland. Antisense oligonucleotide depletion of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 by direct delivery to the brain could be a useful strategy for treating glioma tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3302. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3302
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jihane Boubaker
- 2Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Alex Wong
- 2Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Melissa McAlonis-Downes
- 2Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | - Gene Hung
- 4Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA
| | - Frank Rigo
- 4Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA
| | - Seung Chun
- 4Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA
| | - Benjamin Vitre
- 2Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Inder Verma
- 3Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Don W. Cleveland
- 2Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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35
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Niola F, Zhao X, Singh D, Sullivan R, Castano A, Verrico A, Zoppoli P, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Sulman E, Barrett L, Zhuang Y, Verma I, Benezra R, Aldape K, Iavarone A, Lasorella A. Mesenchymal high-grade glioma is maintained by the ID-RAP1 axis. J Clin Invest 2012; 123:405-17. [PMID: 23241957 DOI: 10.1172/jci63811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are incurable brain tumors that are characterized by the presence of glioma-initiating cells (GICs). GICs are essential to tumor aggressiveness and retain the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation as long as they reside in the perivascular niche. ID proteins are master regulators of stemness and anchorage to the extracellular niche microenvironment, suggesting that they may play a role in maintaining GICs. Here, we modeled the probable therapeutic impact of ID inactivation in HGG by selective ablation of Id in tumor cells and after tumor initiation in a new mouse model of human mesenchymal HGG. Deletion of 3 Id genes induced rapid release of GICs from the perivascular niche, followed by tumor regression. GIC displacement was mediated by derepression of Rap1gap and subsequent inhibition of RAP1, a master regulator of cell adhesion. We identified a signature module of 5 genes in the ID pathway, including RAP1GAP, which segregated 2 subgroups of glioma patients with markedly different clinical outcomes. The model-informed survival analysis together with genetic and functional studies establish that ID activity is required for the maintenance of mesenchymal HGG and suggest that pharmacological inactivation of ID proteins could serve as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Niola
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Friedmann-Morvinski D, Bushong EA, Ke E, Soda Y, Marumoto T, Singer O, Ellisman MH, Verma IM. Dedifferentiation of neurons and astrocytes by oncogenes can induce gliomas in mice. Science 2012; 338:1080-4. [PMID: 23087000 DOI: 10.1126/science.1226929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans. Here we show that gliomas can originate from differentiated cells in the central nervous system (CNS), including cortical neurons. Transduction by oncogenic lentiviral vectors of neural stem cells (NSCs), astrocytes, or even mature neurons in the brains of mice can give rise to malignant gliomas. All the tumors, irrespective of the site of lentiviral vector injection (the initiating population), shared common features of high expression of stem or progenitor markers and low expression of differentiation markers. Microarray analysis revealed that tumors of astrocytic and neuronal origin match the mesenchymal GBM subtype. We propose that most differentiated cells in the CNS upon defined genetic alterations undergo dedifferentiation to generate a NSC or progenitor state to initiate and maintain the tumor progression, as well as to give rise to the heterogeneous populations observed in malignant gliomas.
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Verma IM, Soda Y, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Pastorino S, Kesari S. Abstract SY41-01: Tumor-endothelial transdifferentiation. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-sy41-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor and highly resistant to intensive combination therapies and anti-VEGF therapies. To assess the resistance mechanism to anti-VEGF therapy, we examined the vessels of GBMs in tumors that were induced by the transduction of p53+/− heterozygous mice with lentiviral vectors containing oncogenes and the marker GFP in the hippocampus of GFAP-Cre recombinase (Cre) mice. We were surprised to observe GFP+ vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Transplantation of mouse GBM cells revealed that the tumor-derived endothelial cells (TDECs) originated from tumor-initiating cells and did not result from cell fusion of ECs and tumor cells. An in vitro differentiation assay suggested that hypoxia is an important factor in the differentiation of tumor cells to ECs and is independent of VEGF. TDEC formation was not only resistant to an anti-VEGF receptor inhibitor in mouse GBMs but it led to an increase in their frequency. A xenograft model of human GBM spheres from clinical specimens and direct clinical samples from patients with GBM also showed the presence of TDECs. We suggest that the TDEC is an important player in the resistance to anti-VEGF therapy, and hence a potential target for GBM therapy.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY41-01. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY41-01
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasushi Soda
- 1Salk Inst. for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
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Friedmann-Morvinski D, Bushong E, Ke E, Singer O, Marumoto T, Soda Y, Ellisman MH, Verma IM. Abstract LB-191: Glioblastomas can originate from neurons in the CNS. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-lb-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Malignant gliomas remain one of the most aggressive tumors of the central nervous system. Different interpretations have been proposed about the nature of the neural cell type that is targeted by transformation and results in tumorigenesis. The identification of the cellular origin of gliomas presents an opportunity for improving our understanding of this type of cancer. We recently developed a mouse glioma model using Cre-inducible lentiviral vectors that faithfully recapitulate the pathophysiology of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Injection of a single lentiviral vector expressing H-RasV12-shp53 in the cortex of Synapsin I-Cre (SynI-Cre) mice led to tumor formation after 6-8 weeks of injection. SynI-Cre mice primarily and specifically express the Cre recombinase transgene in differentiated neurons. Tumors were also obtained when CamK2a-Cre mice, also expressing Cre specifically in neurons, were injected with the same virus. We also aim to target astrocytes by injecting the virus either in the cortex or the stratium of GFAP-Cre mice, and tumors presenting the classical characteristics of GBM developed, suggesting that astrocytes can also serve as the glioma cell of origin. We made sections of these brains at various time points following injection of the lentiviral vector and, using high resolution large-scale mosaic imaging, we examined the expression of different markers. Notably, tumors start out to be GFAP+, but by eight weeks are largely Nestin+ and Sox2+. We believe that either astrocytes or neurons can be reprogrammed by the introduction of oncogenes/tumor suppressors to form cancer iPS-like stem cells that can give rise to all the cell lineages and heterogeneity observed in GBM. To further explore this hypothesis, we transduced primary cortical astrocytes and neurons obtained from GFAP-Cre and SynI-Cre mice, respectively. The transduced cells when switched to neural stem cell (NSC) media displayed: i) neurosphere-like structures, ii) robust NSC marker expression (Nestin and Sox2), iii) self-renewal capacity, iv) strong tumor initiating capacity, v) expression of reprogramming factors, and vi) capacity to differentiate into different lineages. Finally, we assessed the human relevance of our findings by comparing the transcriptome profile of tumors in our model with the molecular signatures of human glioma samples. The data from the molecular signatures and histopathology of tumors originating in the cortex where the primary target is astrocytes in the GFAP cre mice and Neurons in the Synapsin Cre mice show both are mesenchymal GBM subtype. We obtained Neural subtype mostly when the virus was injected in the hippocampus of Nestin-Cre mice (aim to target NSC/progenitor cells). Together, our results suggest that any cell in the brain, whether terminally differentiated or neural stem cell, can be the glioma cell of origin and the biological behavior of these tumors depends on the dysregulation of specific genetic elements.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-191. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-191
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oded Singer
- 1Salk Inst. for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Yasushi Soda
- 1Salk Inst. for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
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Suvasini R, Shruti B, Thota B, Shinde SV, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Nawaz Z, Prasanna KV, Thennarasu K, Hegde AS, Arivazhagan A, Chandramouli BA, Santosh V, Somasundaram K. Insulin growth factor-2 binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) is a glioblastoma-specific marker that activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (PI3K/MAPK) pathways by modulating IGF-2. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:25882-90. [PMID: 21613208 PMCID: PMC3138258 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.178012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant form of primary astrocytoma. Upon investigation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway, we found the IGF2BP3/IMP3 transcript and protein to be up-regulated in GBMs but not in lower grade astrocytomas (p < 0.0001). IMP3 is an RNA binding protein known to bind to the 5′-untranslated region of IGF-2 mRNA, thereby activating its translation. Overexpression- and knockdown-based studies establish a role for IMP3 in promoting proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, invasion, and chemoresistance. IMP3 overexpressing B16F10 cells also showed increased tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis, resulting in poor survival in a mouse model. Additionally, the infiltrating front, perivascular, and subpial regions in a majority of the GBMs stained positive for IMP3. Furthermore, two different murine glioma models were used to substantiate the above findings. In agreement with the translation activation functions of IMP3, we also found increased IGF-2 protein in the GBM tumor samples without a corresponding increase in its transcript levels. Also, in vitro IMP3 overexpression/knockdown modulated the IGF-2 protein levels without altering its transcript levels. Additionally, IGF-2 neutralization and supplementation studies established that the proproliferative effects of IMP3 were indeed mediated through IGF-2. Concordantly, PI3K and MAPK, the downstream effectors of IGF-2, are activated by IMP3 and are found to be essential for IMP3-induced cell proliferation. Thus, we have identified IMP3 as a GBM-specific proproliferative and proinvasive marker acting through IGF-2 resulting in the activation of oncogenic PI3K and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaswamy Suvasini
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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40
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Padler-Karavani V, Hurtado-Ziola N, Pu M, Yu H, Huang S, Muthana S, Chokhawala HA, Cao H, Secrest P, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Singer O, Ghaderi D, Verma IM, Liu YT, Messer K, Chen X, Varki A, Schwab R. Human xeno-autoantibodies against a non-human sialic acid serve as novel serum biomarkers and immunotherapeutics in cancer. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3352-63. [PMID: 21505105 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-4102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human carcinomas can metabolically incorporate and present the dietary non-human sialic acid Neu5Gc, which differs from the human sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) by 1 oxygen atom. Tumor-associated Neu5Gc can interact with low levels of circulating anti-Neu5Gc antibodies, thereby facilitating tumor progression via chronic inflammation in a human-like Neu5Gc-deficient mouse model. Here we show that human anti-Neu5Gc antibodies can be affinity-purified in substantial amounts from clinically approved intravenous IgG (IVIG) and used at higher concentrations to suppress growth of the same Neu5Gc-expressing tumors. Hypothesizing that this polyclonal spectrum of human anti-Neu5Gc antibodies also includes potential cancer biomarkers, we then characterize them in cancer and noncancer patients' sera, using a novel sialoglycan microarray presenting multiple Neu5Gc-glycans and control Neu5Ac-glycans. Antibodies against Neu5Gcα2-6GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr (GcSTn) were found to be more prominent in patients with carcinomas than with other diseases. This unusual epitope arises from dietary Neu5Gc incorporation into the carcinoma marker Sialyl-Tn, and is the first example of such a novel mechanism for biomarker generation. Finally, human serum or purified antibodies rich in anti-GcSTn-reactivity kill GcSTn-expressing human tumors via complement-dependent cytotoxicity or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Such xeno-autoantibodies and xeno-autoantigens have potential for novel diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics in human carcinomas.
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Bossard C, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Soria C, Espantman K, Chalkley R, Verma I, Burlingame A, O'Shea C. Abstract 4061: TRIM-NHL proteins: New potential targets for cancer therapy. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-4061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Exploring the interactions between DNA viral and cellular proteins has revealed critical tumor target such as p53, E2F, and PI-3 kinase. Using a genetic approach, we have discovered that an adenoviral protein, E4-ORF3, dominantly suppresses p53 activated transcription (but not p53 induction) in response to oncogenic/genotoxic stresses. E4-ORF3 does not inactivate p53 directly, but binds and mislocalizes ‘Tripartite motif (TRIM)’ proteins, such as PML and Tif1a which are also targeted by chromosomal translocations in human tumors. Using an unbiased proteomics approach, we have identified TRIM32 as a novel cellular protein that binds to p53 and that is also a target of E4-ORF3. Using immunofluorescence, we show that p53 and TRIM32 colocalize in a punctuate cytoplasmic pattern. We hypothesized that TRIM32 may act as a novel ubiquitin ligase for p53. Consistent with this hypothesis, treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 stabilizes and increases TRIM32-p53 protein interaction complexes in pulldowns of cellular lysates. Our preliminary data suggest that TRIM32 binds to p53 and targets it for ubiquitination, independently of Mdm2. siRNA-mediated knock-down of TRIM32 results in the stabilization of p53, which increases the levels of p53 and results in p53 transcriptional activation of downstream effectors. Taken together, our data suggest TRIM32 is a novel E3-ubiquitin ligase for p53, which may play an important role in regulating p53 tumor suppressor functions.
Given the effects of TRIM32 in regulating p53 and also as a target of a DNA tumor virus protein, E4-ORF3, we hypothesized that TRIM32 may also be targeted in tumorigenesis. TRIM32 together with TRIM2 and TRIM3 belong to the TRIM-NHL subgroup. Despite their well conserved modular structure, no common biological role has yet been discovered for TRIM proteins. TRIM2, TRIM3 and TRIM32 are mainly expressed in the brain and encode structural homologues of Drosophila brain tumor (brat) implicated in progenitor cell proliferation control and cancer stem cell suppression. Interestingly, 25% of human glioblastoma (GBM) patients exhibit loss of heterozygosity for TRIM3, suggesting it is a critical tumor suppressor. TRIM32 is known to be required and sufficient for suppressing proliferation and inducing neuronal differentiation in mouse neural progenitors. Based on these data we compared the expression of TRIM2, TRIM3 and TRIM32 in normal brain tissue versus tumor brain tissues -human and murine- and found that their expression was dramatically downregulated in tumor versus normal samples, suggesting that their loss of expression is required for gliomagenesis. Preliminary results suggest that restoring the expression of these TRIM-NHL proteins can delay tumor formation in a GBM xenograft mouse model. Together these results shed new light on the functions of TRIM32 and TRIM-NHL proteins in general as potentially novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of brain cancer patients.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4061. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4061
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Friedmann-Morvinski D, Bushong E, Singer O, Marumoto T, Soda Y, Ellisman MH, Verma IM. Abstract 975: Glioma cell of origin: Reprogramming and cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most common and lethal form of intracranial tumors. In the last century we have accumulated tremendous amounts of data on this type of cancer, but we have achieved very little improvement in its treatment. This inadequate progress led us to reexamine the gliomagenesis theory and reconsider the cell of origin of this deadly disease. We recently developed a mouse glioma model using Cre-inducible lentiviral vectors that faithfully recapitulate the pathophysiology of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (1). Injection of a single lentiviral vector expressing H-RasV12 and si_p53 into the brain of GFAP-Cre or Nestin-Cre mice led to tumor formation after 6-8 weeks of injection. Tumors were also obtained when the virus was injected either in the cortex or the stratium in the GFAP-Cre mice, suggesting that astrocytes can also serve as the glioma cell of origin. We made sections of these brains at various time points following injection of the lentiviral vector and, using high resolution large-scale mosaic imaging (2), we examined the expression of different markers. Notably, tumors start out to be GFAP+, but by eight weeks are largely Nestin+ and Sox2+. We believe that astrocytes can be reprogrammed by the introduction of oncogenes/tumor suppressors to form cancer iPS-like stem cells that can give rise to all the cell lineages and heterogeneity observed in GBM. To further explore this hypothesis, we transduced primary cortical astrocytes obtained from GFAP-Cre P2 mice. Only when both H-Ras and si_p53 were in the viral vector were the cells able to reprogram and give rise to neurospheres, a property ascribed to neural stem cells. We were also able to obtain tumors when we aimed to transduce neurons by injecting our lentiviral vector in Syn-Cre mice, suggesting that the reprogramming process is not restricted to glial cells. So far we have used H-Ras as surrogate for EGFR amplification and loss of NF1 observed in patients, but recently we have generated a lenti vector that combines both tumor suppressor genes si_NF1 and si_p53, and the preliminary results confirmed our findings using H-Ras-si_p53 lentivector.
Together, our results suggest that any cell in the brain, whether terminally differentiated or neural stem cell, can be the glioma cell of origin and the biological behavior of these tumors depends on the dysregulation of specific genetic elements.
(1) Marumoto T, Tashiro A, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Scadeng M, Soda Y, Gage FH, Verma IM. Development of a novel mouse glioma model using lentiviral vectors. Nat Med 15 (1), 110-116 (2009).
(2) Price DL, Chow SK, Maclean NA, Hakozaki H, Peltier S, Martone ME, Ellisman MH. High-resolution large-scale mosaic imaging using multiphoton microscopy to characterize transgenic mouse models of human neurological disorders. Neuroinformatics. 2006 Winter;4(1):65-80.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 975. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-975
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomotoshi Marumoto
- 3Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Marcus A, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Elinav E, Waks T, Eshhar Z. Hierarchy of T cell lineage decision is regulated by thymic self-reactive signaling (36.45). The Journal of Immunology 2010. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.36.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
During T cell development, thymic recognition of self antigens leads to negative selection of effector T cells with high TCR avidity. Similar interactions are implicated with emergence of regulatory subsets, including Tregs, NKT, and CD8αα cells. How the degree of self-reactive signaling coordinates the development of the effector and regulatory subpopulations is not fully understood. To elucidate this, we employed transgenic mice, featuring gradually increasing self-reactivity by expression of different levels of a cross-reactive tripartite chimeric receptor targeting 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). In these mice, increasing cell self-reactivity inversely correlated with effector cell numbers, and led to skewing towards CD4 phenotype, compatible with the kinetic signaling model. In parallel, coreceptor levels of expression were diminished in correlation with gradually increasing self-reactivity, reflecting coreceptor tuning. Higher levels of self-reactive signaling promoted the thymic expansion of CD8αα and NKT cells. T cells with the highest self-reactive TPCR featured defective TCR rearrangement stemming from down regulation of RAG1, RAG2 and PTα. Altogether, we demonstrate a hierarchical order in coping of the immune system with auto-reactivity. In case of weak self-reactivity, coreceptor tuning is implemented, while in stronger self-reactivity, regulatory subsets develop, as possible means of modulating dangerous autoreactive cells into protective guardians of host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Marcus
- 1Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Tova Waks
- 1Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zelig Eshhar
- 1Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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44
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Friedmann-Morvinski D, Eshhar Z. Adoptive immunotherapy of cancer using effector lymphocytes redirected with antibody specificity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.uct.2006.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Friedmann-Morvinski D, Waks T, Eshhar Z. 264. Immune Gene-Therapy of Cancer Using Redirected Naïve or Effector Lymphocytes. Mol Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.08.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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46
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Friedmann-Morvinski D, Bendavid A, Waks T, Schindler D, Eshhar Z. Redirected primary T cells harboring a chimeric receptor require costimulation for their antigen-specific activation. Blood 2005; 105:3087-93. [PMID: 15626734 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-09-3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractChimeric receptor (CR)–redirected lymphocytes (T bodies) have great potential in the eradication of tumor cells. To extend this approach to target cells that do not express surface ligands to costimulatory receptors (eg, cancer cells), we have generated an antibody-based tripartite chimeric receptor (TPCR) that contains scFv linked to the costimulatory molecule, CD28 without its ligand-binding domain, and to the cytoplasmic moiety of the FcRγ subunit. In this study, we tested the ability of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)–specific TPCR to drive primary, naïve T cells derived from CR-transgenic (Tg) mice to undergo full activation. As a control, we used Tg mice expressing a similar transgene but lacking the signaling region of CD28 (Tg-TPCRΔCD28). Only T cells from the TPCR-Tg and not the CD28-truncated TPCR-Tg mice could undergo activation following stimulation on hapten-modified target cells not expressing B7. Moreover, when stimulated with TNP protein displayed on plastic, the TPCR-Tg T cells expressing the entire TPCR gene became fully activated for proliferation, interleukin 2 production, protection from apoptosis, and killing of TNP-modified target cells. Finally, TPCR-Tg mice manifested a delayed-type hypersensitivity response following skin challenge in the absence of priming. Taken together, our results suggest that the TPCR is the receptor configuration of choice for clinical applications using primary T or stem cells.
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47
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Harrus S, Waner T, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Fishman Z, Bark H, Harmelin A. Down-regulation of MHC class II receptors of DH82 cells, following infection with Ehrlichia canis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2004; 96:239-43. [PMID: 14592737 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate whether infection with E. canis alters the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and/or MHC class II receptors, and by doing so alters the immune response to the organism, flow cytometry was performed on DH82 cells infected with Ehrlichia canis (90% infection) and on uninfected DH82 cells of the same passage, using anti-canine MHC class I and II antibodies. MHC class II expression was evident in 47.6 and 46.2% (mean 46.9%) of uninfected DH82 cells using two different anti-MHC class II antibodies, while no MHC class II expression was evident in DH82 cells infected with E. canis. The present results indicate that infection of DH82 macrophages with E. canis down-regulates their MHC class II receptors. These results suggest a possible mechanism by which E. canis evades the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Harrus
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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48
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Harmelin A, Pinthus JH, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Kaufman K, Brenner O. Lack of MHC expression and retention of ultrastructural characteristics by xenograft transmissible venereal tumor cells in SCID mice. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2002; 86:245-9. [PMID: 12007890 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is primarily a tumor of adult dogs with a high incidence of spontaneous regression. We recently reported a xenograft model of CTVT (XTVT) in NOD/SCID mice. XTVT cells retain cytological and histological features of CTVT as well as characteristic rearranged LINE/c-MYC junction [Am. J. Vet. Res. 62 (2001) 907]. In this paper, we demonstrate that XTVT cells maintain ultrastructural characteristics of CTVT and do not express MHC classes I and II molecules.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dog Diseases/immunology
- Dog Diseases/pathology
- Dogs
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Genes, MHC Class I/immunology
- Genes, MHC Class II/immunology
- Major Histocompatibility Complex/immunology
- Major Histocompatibility Complex/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Electron
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Venereal Tumors, Veterinary/immunology
- Venereal Tumors, Veterinary/pathology
- Venereal Tumors, Veterinary/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harmelin
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehobot 76100, Israel.
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